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INTRODUCTION TO ACADEMIC WRITING

NGUY ỄN KH ẮC TH Ứ C

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NHỮ NG KI ẾN TH Ứ C LUY ỆN VI ẾT TI ẾNG ANHVớ i nh ữ ng điều cơ bản dưới đây, mình hi v ọng nh ữ ng ki ến th ức cơ bản này s ẽ giúp ích cácbạn luy ện thi ti ếng Anh t ốt

- Chắc chắn nhiều bạn nghĩ những điều mình đang muốn nói đây là đơn giản, dễ học.- Để viết tốt, thì các b ạn phải cần những nền tảng tốt thì các b ạn sẽ không m ất điểm - Đây là phiên bản không full dành cho các b ạn. - Một trong nh ững lờ i khuyên c ủa mình: diversification of structures (đa dạng hóa c ấu

trúc), mu ốn đạt được điều đó, bạn cần có nền tảng cản bản dưới đây. - Do thờ i gian có h ạn, mình chưa thể đưa thêm ví dụ thêm để phân tích cho các b ạn thấy rõ

hơn. Mình s ẽ update các bài vi ết liên quan đến IELTS s ắ p tớ i, tại page:https://www.facebook.com/clbtienganhkt

- Nếu bạn thắc mắc hoặc muốn góp ý, hãy g ửi về email:khacthuc.pro9x2009@gmail.com or Fanpage: C L B ti ếng Anh

1, Vận d ụng nh ững grammar task2 đơn giản – ‘PHÁ CÁCH’ :

- S-V agreement: plural + singular, article, preposition, các b ạn cần chú tr ọng, thậm chí, làdấy phẩy, va ch ấm câu

- Relative clause: who, which, that,...- Passive voice: normal, even complex như it is generally believed that.....

Sử dung subjunctive mood/ unreal subject để làm ch ủ ngữ đứng đầu câu, và s ử dụng

thêm tr ạng từ như firmly, surely, apparently, obviously tăng tính thuyết phục, mạchlạc trong c ấu trúc câu .. hãy đọc cách s ử dụng that nhé

- If clause : đặc biệt conclusion- Emphasis sentence: inversion or d ạng What I want to emphasize is that / What I want

to say is that / What this will lead to is that..- Compound sentences: không nhi ều viết câu đơn, câu quá ít t ừ như 5.- Conjuctions/ connective words/ transitional words: một yếu tố đánh giá kết quả cao –

logic, unity (th ống nhất) và coherence (m ạch lạc) - Dùng đại từ như this/ that/ these/ those/ ....Tránh lặ p từ, lủng củng

.... In spite of this , the obvious benefits of computer skills for young children cannot be

deniedThe increasing popularity of dangerous sports has also boosted the number of adventureholidays; for example, water sports, mountain climbing or paragliding. These holidaysare more popular with the younger generation, as they can be both physically andmentally demanding.

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INTRODUCTION TO ACADEMIC WRITING

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Ngữ pháp căn bản:

- Ngu Phap Tieng Anh - Mai Lan Huong

- Understanding and Using English Grammar 3rd

/4th

Edition with Answer Key- Grammar & Language Workbook – Grade 12

- Grammar Practice for Elementary/Inter.... Students

Sử dụng cuốn Grammar for IELTS của Cambridge Acheive Vocabulary & Grammar của Louis Harison (3) Advanced leaner’s Grammar của Longman cu ốn này r ất hay, các b ạn có thê mua CDBản quyền

2, Bạn ph ải vận d ụng t ừ vự ng t ốt, có n ền tảng t ốt:

** từ vựng căn bản: của Cambridge

- English vocabulary in use c ủa Machael McCarthy & Felicity O’Delltheo 4 c ập độ khác nhau

- English Phrasal Verbs in Use Advanced- English Collocations in use Intermediate

** từ vự ng nâng cao

- ACADEMIC m ỗi bài ch ỉ cần 5- 7 words là đủ, download t ại đây:22.000 t ừ THI“TOEFL,IELTS c ủa Harold Levine “ http://www.mediafire.com/?f828ml741142f6w

(pass to open file: clbtienganh)

- Học sub bên dướ i tậ p san- Dùng tính t ừ, danh t ừ > động từ, vd: discuss (không dùng about theo sau) have a

discussion about sử dụng cuốn ‘Destination C1&C2 with key ’ của tác gi ả MalcolmMann Steve Taylore-Knowles, NXB MacMillan

To summarize, I do not accept that that total loss of cultural identity is inevitable

- Sử dụng cuốn ‘Longman Essay Activator ’ của Longman

Sách chuyên v ề IELTS Vocabulary:

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INTRODUCTION TO ACADEMIC WRITING

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xét ví d ụ:

4. Furthermore/Moreover/What is more/Secondly, by looking abroad students may finda wider range of courses than those offered in their country’s universities, andtherefore one which fits more closely to their particular requirements.

C ấ u trúc and therefore

5. I think, therefore, that governments need to raise this awareness in the general public

N ằ m nữ a giữ a 2 d ấ u ‘,’ (comma)

6. People learn together, work together to develop each other. Therefore, I want parentsand teachers to educate children concentrating on co-operation, not compete andranking them.

Đượ c sử d ụng bình thường, ‘sau dấ u chấm, trướ c d ấ u phẩy’

7. Therefore I conclude that primary and secondary education should be freely availablefor all if possible but that further education should not necessarily be wholly free.

Concluding sentence ‘đứng trướ c chủ ng ữ , không c ần d ấ u phẩy’

8. Governments would therefore be unlikely to set up such new measures.

N ằ m sau tr ợ động t ừ trước động t ừ chính để nh ấ n m ạnh

9. Studying a language in a country where it is widely spoken has many advantages. Itis, therefore, a good idea to study English in a country such as Britain (Intro)

- therefore dùng cho m ệnh đề k ết quả đúng không nhỉ, sau d ấu chấm phẩy or sau d ấu chấm =D

nhưng các bạn để ý nào -- > đượ c dùng gi ữa 2 dấu phẩy để cho formal style ;) ==> h ấu hết cáccụm bắt đầu dấu chấm, bạn có th ể dùng gi ữa mệnh đề SAU ĐỘ NG TỪ nha ;) như in myopinion, however

- Of crucial importance , in my opinion, is how we define 'responsible for bringing the childrenup'.

- By going to college after graduation, you do not lose the study skills that you developed duringhigh school. The big disadvantages, however, is that you may not be ready for college.

Phân tích so

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10. These days, the law looks after children and they can go to school, so children havelots more chances than they ever had before.

Lố i viết thườ ng, dùng so sau d ấ u phẩ y

11. We need it so we can make good decisions when we go shopping

N ố i 2 mệnh đề không c ần d ấu ‘,’

12. Instead, they reflect the public popularity of sport in general and the level of publicsupport that successful stars can generate. So the notion of ‘fairness’ is not the issue

Đứng đầu câu, sau d ấ u chấm trướ c danh t ừ trong 1 câu

13. This means that children are often alone at home and so they are unsupervised

C ụm ‘and so’

14. They give space, a lot of toys and constructions for physical exercises. So, if you have

bad living conditions, the kindergarten is the best way for you.

Dùng sau d ấ u chấm, trướ c d ấ u phẩy như Therefore

** cách dùng c ủa So

15. So: do đó 16. So: to do so: cũng làm như vậy17. So + adj/adv + that; đến n ỗi mà...18. So that + clause: m ục đích

Phân tích ví d ụ:

Ex: Nobody can deny that there are certain professionals like nurses, doctors and teachers whoare essential to the fabric of society, and who should therefore be rewarded accordingly

- câu có tính UNITY (ch ặt chẽ, thống nhất)

- không dùng personal pronoun như I, he, him, her,....

- ưu tiên dùng adjectives, noun hơn mà verbs là dùng ' S + V + that S + V, như câu trên

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To summarize, I do not accept that that total loss of cultural identity is inevitable

Nobody can deny that there are certain professionals và thườ ng dùng d ạng b ị động như it isnoticed that / it is completely agreed that ...... it is no doubt that ....s + v

- dùng t ừ like để đưa ra ví dụ : từ hay gặp like (v) nhưng là preposition : như là = such as , không dùng such as, quá quen thu ộc ^^

- dùng đại từ quan h ệ để nối câu m ệnh đề danh t ừ ..... who are essential to the fabric of society(adj + noun phrases)

- accordingly cu ối câu r ất hay mang nghĩa như according to + noun : theo đó

5, lối viết : đưa ra ví dụ Phần này mình trình bày ng ắn gọn về ‘CREATIVITY ’

The government should set up some policyies about co-operateion between the twocountries. For instance , exchange culture and diplomatic relation in the economy

--> thay vì dùng for instance, thì dùng c ầu trúc TAKE STH as an example/ a good example

Correct: Take economy as an example, exchange culture and diplomatic relation is changingmore

IMPORTANT ACADEMIC WORDS

Sublist 1

sector • available • financial • process • individual • specific • principle • estimate • variables • method • data • research • contract • environment • export • source • assessment • policy • ident

ified • create • derived • factors • procedure • definition • assume • theory • benefit • evidence • established • authority • major • issues • labour • occur • economic • involved • percent • interp

retation •consistent • income • structure • legal • concept • formula • section • required • constit

utional • analysis • distribution • function • area • approach • role • legislation • indicate • respo

nse • period •context • significant • similar •

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Sublist 2

community • resident • range • construction • strategies • elements • previous • conclusion • se

curity • aspects • acquisition • features • text • commission • regulations • computer • items •co

nsumer • achieve • final • positive • evaluation • assistance • normal • relevant • distinction • region • traditional • impact • consequences • chapter • equation • appropriate • resources • partici

pation • survey • potential • cultural • transfer • select • credit • affect • categories • perceived • sought • focus • purchase • injury • site • journal • primary • complex • institute • investment •administration • maintenance • design • obtained • restricted • conduct •

Sublist 3

comments • convention • published • framework • implies • negative • dominant • illustrated • outcomes • constant • shift • deduction • ensure • specified • justification • funds • reliance • ph

ysical • partnership • location • link • coordination • alternative • initial • validity • task • techni

ques • excluded • consent • proportion • demonstrate • reaction • criteria • minorities • technolo

gy • philosophy • removed • sex • compensation • sequence • corresponding • maximum • circu

mstances • instance • considerable • sufficient • corporate • interaction • contribution • immigra

tion •component • constraints • technical • emphasis • scheme • layer • volume • document • registered • core •

Sublist 4

overall • emerged • regime • implementation • project • hence • occupational • internal • goals •

retained • sum • integration • mechanism • parallel • imposed • despite • job • parameters •approximate • label • concentration • principal • series • predicted • summary • attitudes • undertak

en • cycle • communication • ethnic • hypothesis • professional • status • conference •attributed

• annual • obvious • error • implications • apparent • commitment • subsequent • debate • dime

nsions • promote • statistics • option • domestic • output • access • code • investigation • phase • prior • granted • stress • civil • contrast • resolution • adequate •

Sublist 5

alter • stability • energy • aware • licence • enforcement • draft • styles • precise • medical • pur

sue • symbolic • marginal • capacity • generation • exposure • decline • academic • modified •external • psychology • fundamental • adjustment • ratio • whereas • enable • version • perspecti

ve • contact • network • facilitate • welfare • transition • amendment • logic • rejected • expansi

on •clause • prime • target • objective • sustainable • equivalent • liberal • notion • substitution

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• generated • trend • revenue • compounds • evolution • conflict • image • discretion • entities •orientation • consultation • mental • monitoring • challenge •

Sublist 6

intelligence • transformation • presumption • acknowledged • utility • furthermore • accurate • diversity • attached • recovery • assigned • tapes • motivation • bond • edition • nevertheless •tr ansport • cited • fees • scope • enhanced • incorporated • instructions • subsidiary • input • abstr

act • ministry • capable • expert • preceding • display • incentive • inhibition • trace • ignored •incidence • estate • cooperative • revealed • index • lecture • discrimination • overseas • explicit

• aggregate • gender • underlying • brief • domain • rational • minimum • interval • neutral •mi

gration • flexibility • federal • author • initiatives • allocation • exceed •

Sublist 7

intervention • confirmed • definite • classical • chemical • voluntary • release • visible • finite • publication • channel • file • thesis • equipment • disposal • solely • deny • identical • submitte

d •grade • phenomenon • paradigm • ultimately • extract • survive • converted • transmission • global • inferred • guarantee • advocate • dynamic • simulation • topic • insert • reverse • decad

es •comprise • hierarchical • unique • comprehensive • couple • mode • differentiation • elimin

ate • priority • empirical • ideology • somewhat • aid • foundation • adults • adaptation • quotati

on •contrary • media • successive • innovation • prohibited • isolated •

Sublist 8

highlighted • eventually • inspection • termination • displacement • arbitrary • reinforced • denote • offset • exploitation • detected • abandon • random • revision • virtually • uniform • predo

minantly • thereby • implicit • tension • ambiguous • vehicle • clarity • conformity • contempor

ary • automatically • accumulation • appendix • widespread • infrastructure • deviation • fluctu

ations • restore •guidelines • commodity • minimises • practitioners • radical • plus • visual • ch

art • appreciation • prospect • dramatic • contradiction • currency • inevitably • complement • accompany • paragraph • induced • schedule • intensity • crucial • via • exhibit • bias • manipulat

ion • theme • nuclear •

Sublist 9 bulk • behalf • unified • commenced • erosion • anticipated • minimal • ceases • vision • mutual

• norms • intermediate • manual • supplementary • incompatible • concurrent • ethical • prelim

inary • integral • conversely • relaxed • confined • accommodation • temporary • distorted • pas

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sive • subordinate • analogous • military • scenario • revolution • diminished • coherence • susp

ended •mature • assurance • rigid • controversy • sphere • mediation • format • trigger • qualitat

ive • portion • medium • coincide • violation • device • insights • refine • devoted • team • overl

ap • attained •restraints • inherent • route • protocol • founded • duration •

Sublist 10

whereby • inclination • encountered • convinced • assembly • albeit • enormous • reluctant • po

sed • persistent • undergo • notwithstanding • straightforward • panel • odd • intrinsic • compile

d •adjacent • integrity • forthcoming • conceived • ongoing • so-

called • likewise • nonetheless • levy • invoked • colleagues • depression • collapse •

Note:- Hi vọng sau khi các b ạn có nh ững điều căn bản vững chắc trên, các b ạn cảm thấy yên tâm

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