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Huzzah! Glorious Empires

Version 6.4

Fast-play grand tactical rules for Napoleonic wargames.

By Ian Marsh. With thanks to Mike Lewis, Andy Finkel and Nigel Davie.

Eagle-eyed error spotters: John Mumby.

Huzzah! Glorious Empires is copyright Ian Marsh, Mike Lewis and Oozlum Games 2004,

2013

First draft: 27 August 2004, Update 6.2 (11 April 2006), Update 6.3 (18 January 2013),

Update 6.4 (27 October 2013)

Main change, version 6.4: There are now basic and advance rules on routers and rallying

that replace the previous concept of the rout table. The basic rules keep the game short; the

advance rules give routers a second chance to rally at the table edge and may therefore

prolong the game. The basic rules are aimed at evening games where a quick result isimportant.

Huzzah! Glorious Empires is still a work in progress. It is a playtest version of a commercial,

not a free, game. Some of the extras required to make it a commercial game are not yet

complete.

INTRODUCTION

Basis

Huzzah! Glorious Empires is inspired by a variant of Huzzah!, Martian Empires, created byMike Lewis. Huzzah! Glorious Empires was formerly known as Huzzah! GTx (grand tactical

express).

Huzzah! Glorious Empires is a game, not a simulation. It is intended to produce a result

within three or four hours of play, making it more suitable for club night games or for playerswho prefer a faster-paced wargame.

Huzzah! Glorious Empires uses the regiment or brigade as the base unit.

Measurements

All measurements in Huzzah! Glorious Empires are in centimetres.

Dice

Huzzah! Glorious Empires uses two six-sided dice (2D6) throughout for all rolls. This is a

game that rewards the player who rolls a double-one – rolling low is always good.

Rolling an 11 or a 12 is always a failure.

Rolling a 2 (double one) is always a success. A roll of double one is a Huzzah! result.

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Figure scale

Huzzah! Glorious Empires is intended for 15mm, 10mm, 6mm and 3mm figures, which give

the best visual effect: 28mm figures can also be used because Huzzah! Glorious Empires’

bases are large enough.

Time scaleTurns in Huzzah! Glorious Empires allow multiple actions and viewed strictly could only be

of variable duration. A turn, therefore, merely is a period in which players can try to

influence the outcome of a battle.

Ground scale

There is no fixed ground scale because units occupy areas of influence. However, if using

5cm by 5cm bases, 1cm equals 20 metres for determining the size of battlefields and a

standard ping pong table therefore presents a battlefront of about 5.5km or 3.5 miles. If using

4cm by 4cm bases, 1cm equals 25 metres for determining the size of battlefields.

Recording informationHuzzah! Glorious Empires is written to reduce the need to record any information or to use

counters to mark units. All casualties are in whole bases of figures, and a unit can be arranged

with staggered bases to show that it is disordered. Players need record only unit quality and

leader quality.

Bases

Huzzah! Glorious Empires mounts figures on bases. All bases are square and measure the

same regardless of the troop types mounted on them. The recommended base size for 15mm

figures is 4cm by 4cm, but larger or smaller square bases can be used. Smaller base sizes

make the game more suitable for small tables. Bases can have any number of figures on them

that players desire. Figures that are based differently can be mounted or placed on temporary

square bases (sabots).

Bases are have strengths in hits. Hits are the amount of damage (physical and morale) that aunit can take in one turn before a base is removed.

Bases may be referred to as stands; the terms are interchangeable.

Troop type Hits per base

Infantry 3

Irregular infantry 2Battle cavalry 3

Other cavalry 2

Artillery 4

Divisional artillery 3

Units

A unit is a formation of one or more bases in strength. A unit is typically either a historical

regiment, a historical brigade or a brigade of organisational convenience for the game. Fornations whose infantry regiments comprise three or more battalions, the unit is usually the

regiment unless the battalions are under strength. For nations whose infantry regiments

comprise only one or two battalions, the unit is the brigade. All cavalry formations are brigades. All artillery bases are the equivalent of batteries.

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Huzzah! Glorious Empires assumes that units will commonly be four bases strong,

representing a brigade or regiment of 1,750 to 2,249 infantry or 875 to 1,124 cavalry.

Whether a unit is a regiment or brigade, it is treated as a brigade in the hierarchy of

command. It is under the control of a division officer. Glorious Empires uses the terms unitand brigade interchangeably.

Artillery can be either divisional artillery or reserve artillery. Divisional artillery is the

artillery allocated to infantry brigades; reserve artillery is the corps’ reserve pool of artillery

and the corps’ horse artillery. A corps’ reserve artillery must be under the control of adivisional officer, usually the officer controlling an infantry division to which the artillery is

assigned, but also potentially to a separate officer who controls only the corps reserve

artillery. Corps horse artillery is under the control of the divisional officer in charge of the

corps’ cavalry. Note that corps reserve artillery can also include horse artillery: such artillery

is under the control of the divisional officer who controls the corps reserve artillery.

A unit can comprise all infantry bases, infantry and artillery bases, all cavalry bases or all

artillery bases. Infantry and cavalry cannot be brigaded together in the same unit, nor can

cavalry and artillery. Historic formations comprising infantry and cavalry must be split into

separate infantry and cavalry units.

Infantry units that include divisional artillery are treated as if they were infantry. They can

both fire and move, but use ranges appropriate to the infantry. The effect of the artillery is to

increase the strength of the unit by one base, improving its ability to fire and fight.

Divisional artillery must always be attached to a unit of infantry in its associated division;

where more than one unit exists in a division, the owning player can choose to which unit the

artillery is attached. A unit can include a maximum of one base of divisional artillery.

Divisional artillery therefore strengthens infantry units; it also improves their fire factor.

Infantry with divisional artillery attached is otherwise treated as if it were infantry. If all unitsin a division have artillery attached, any remaining unattached artillery in that division is

treated as reserve artillery, even if it is neither horse artillery nor heavy artillery.

Reserve artillery is the only artillery that can form grand batteries. A single reserve artillery

base is simply known as reserve artillery; a group of reserve artillery bases formed as one unit

is also known as a grand battery. A single artillery base is not a grand battery. Reserve

artillery can attach only to other reserve artillery bases.

Reserve artillery is the only artillery that can fire. Reserve artillery, whether as individual

bases or brigaded with other artillery, can either fire or move, but not both; if it fires it cannotmove. Bases of reserve artillery can attach to other reserve artillery in the same division to

form a grand battery: a grand battery is two or more bases of reserve artillery attached to each

other to form a brigade. A single base of reserve artillery is not a grand battery. Reserve

artillery does not limber or unlimber in Huzzah! Glorious Empires – it either fires and cannot

move, or withholds its fire and moves.

Once a grand battery is formed, it can only attach extra bases; it cannot detach bases. Some

nations cannot form grand batteries.

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Unit size

To calculate the strength of a unit in bases, divide the historical infantry strength by 500 to

get the number of infantry bases, and the cavalry strength by 250 to get the number of cavalry

bases. To determine the number of artillery bases for each corps, divide the number of pieces

by 8. Round down fractions less than one half. If accurate strengths are not known, a roughguide is one base for each infantry battalion, two bases for each cavalry regiment and one

base for each artillery battery.

The aim is to produce a force where most of the infantry units on the side with the smallest

units are four bases strong. Small historical battles and battles involving mainly under-strength units may be better represented using different divisors, for example, 400 for

infantry, 200 for cavalry and 6 for artillery, or even 250 for infantry, 125 for cavalry and 4 for

artillery. The examples in the Army Lists all use the standard divisors of 500, 250 and 8.

Unit qualities and ratings

Huzzah! Glorious Empires uses variable ratings for unit quality to reflect the differing

performance of troops on campaign, plus the effects of incorporating new recruits into

experienced units. Variable and unknown ratings add uncertainty and therefore excitement to

the game.

Unit quality is defined first by the Army Lists (currently available in beta form on the Yahoo!

group), which give the expected quality of troops of each type. Expected quality is defined by

three grades – Elites, Regulars and Militia – and four classes, from A to D, within each grade.

From best to worst, the classes and grades are: Elites A, Elites B, Elites C, Elites D, Regulars

A, Regulars B, Regulars C, Regulars D, Militia A, Militia B, Militia C, Militia D.

For example, the Army Lists define French infantry for 1805–06 as Regulars A, for 1813–14as Regulars C, and for 1815 as Regulars B.

The actual quality of a unit is only determined when necessary during the game, for example,

if the unit fires or takes a morale test. Until then its potential is only known in broad terms

from its expected quality. Once its quality is determined, it is fixed for the duration of the

game.

To determine the actual quality of a unit, determine its expected quality from the Army Lists,

roll 2D6 and refer to the Unit Quality Table. This will give the rating of a unit in one of sixgrades, from best to worst: Veterans, Experienced, Trained, Green, Raw and Unreliable.These six grades drive the mechanics of the game.

For example, French infantry rated as Regulars B becomes Trained on a roll of 6, 7 or 8.

The Unit Quality Table is weighted so that the most common result for Regulars B troops is

Trained. A player knows that the most common result for Regulars B is Trained, and can at

worst be Green, and make decisions accordingly. Unit Quality has greatest effect on morale.

If Huzzah! (double one) is rolled for a unit, that unit gains the Grognards ability if it does not

already have it. Roll again to determine the actual unit quality, treating any Raw orUnreliable results as Green, and any subsequent Huzzah! as a result of 2.

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If Huzzah! (double one) is rolled for a unit that already has the Grognards ability, that unit

gains the Disciplined ability if it does not already have it. Roll again to determine the actual

unit quality, treating any Raw or Unreliable results as Trained, and any subsequent Huzzah!

as a result of 2.

UNIT QUALITY TABLE (roll 2D6)

Troops Veteran Experienced Trained Green Raw Unreliable

Expected

quality

Elites – A

Class

2-7 8-12 – – – –

Elites – B

Class

2-6 7-10 11-12 – – –

Elites – C

Class

2-5 6-9 10-12 – – –

Elites – D

Class

2-4 5-7 8–10 11-12 – –

Regulars –

A Class

2-4 5-6 7-9 10-12 – –

Regulars –

B Class

2-3 4-5 6-8 9-12 – –

Regulars –C Class

2 3-4 5-7 8–10 11-12 –

Regulars –D Class

– 2-3 4-6 7-9 10-12 –

Militia – A

Class

– 2-3 4-5 6-8 9-12 –

Militia – B

Class

– 2 3-4 5-7 8-10 11-12

Militia – C

Class

– – 2-3 4-6 7-9 10-12

Militia – D

Class

– – – 2-5 6-8 9-12

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Determining the quality of grand batteries

In some armies it is possible for reserve artillery of different qualities to be combined into

one grand battery. The lowest rated unit within a grand battery determines its quality.

For example, a base of Elites D with a base of Regulars B is treated as a grand battery of two bases rated at Regulars B. Two bases of Elites D reserve artillery with one base of Regular B

is also treated as Regulars B.

If the quality of any bases in a grand battery is known (i.e. the quality has been determined as

Veterans, Experienced, Trained and so on) the quality is determined by the lowest knownrating.

For example, one base of Experienced reserve artillery with one base of Trained reserve

artillery is regarded as a Trained grand battery of two bases.

If bases of unrolled quality join a grand battery of rolled quality, immediately roll the qualityof the unknown bases. The lowest rating decides the new rating of the grand battery.

For example, a Regulars B reserve artillery base forms a grand battery with reserve artillery

rated as Experienced. The quality of the Regulars B battery is rolled: if the result is Green,the whole grand battery becomes Green. Because of the way that Fire Factors work, this will

not materially affect the battery’s firepower; it will have most effect in morale tests.

Troop types

Unless indicated otherwise in the Army Lists, all troops are close order troops. Exceptions

include irregular troops, such as Ottoman infantry and Russian Cossacks, both of which are

open order troops. In addition, some troops may be designated Skirmish infantry – these are

typically light troops that can fight in open order and which are suited to fighting in dense

terrain.

A unit must consist entirely of Irregular troops or of Skirmish troops to gain any benefits due

to that troop type. Troops with Irregular or Skirmish abilities are identified as such in the

Army Lists.

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SETUP AND TURN SEQUENCE

A scenario should specify which side, and therefore which player, places units first and acts

first. If not, the designated attacker acts first or players can roll the dice to determine who

goes first (lowest wins). A scenario will also specify the number and types of units on both

sides in the form of an order of battle (orbat). Scenarios will also have specific objectives.

Pick-up games use armies based on points, preferably organized in advance by players, and

for speed are fought over set terrain. See rules, page 8.

For an encounter game, set up no closer than 80cm apart; for a battle with a designateddefender, set up no closer than 60cm apart. Roll 2D6 each: the player who rolls highest starts

placing units first.

Each player takes it in turn to roll 2D6. The result shows the spread of units they can place:

the lowest die gives the minimum number of units that must be placed; the highest, the

greatest number of units that can be placed.

For example, a player who rolls 3 and 5 must place from three to five units.

A player who rolls 1 and 3 must place from one to three units.

The player to finish placing units first becomes Player 2; the player to finish placing units last

becomes Player 1.

Each turn consists of two common phases, then six phases for the first player’s turn and six

for the second player’s turn, as follows:

1. Skirmisher superiority

2. Artillery effectiveness

Player 1 is the phasing player:

3. Firing

4. Orders and movement

5. Fire at chargers (Player 2)

6. Combat

7. Move officers8. Rally

Player 2 is the phasing player:

9. Firing

10. Orders and movement

11. Fire at chargers (Player 1)

12. Combat

13. Move officers

14. Rally

15. Turn ends

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Pick-up games (Notes, to be expanded. Rules under test)

To do: draw pick-up maps

A pick-up game is game organized quickly for the fun of playing. In Huzzah! Glorious

Empires, a pick-up game is fought with two armies each composed using an identical numberof points over terrain decided by one of the pick-up game maps.

Players should agree a set number of points for the game. For a short game pick 3,000 points

with the aim of having no more than 12 units per side: 12 is about the maximum number of

units that one player can handle without spending too long deciding their moves. The playersagree which armies can be used from the Army Lists, typically using a range of years, for

example, 1805 to 1807. Each player chooses an army, one of which must be French or a

French allied nation, and using the unit types and points per base given in the Army Lists

builds that army up to but no greater than the points limit. The following restrictions apply:

1. Infantry units of any type must be at least three bases strong, including bases forattached divisional artillery;

2. Cavalry units of any type must be at least two bases strong;

3. Units cannot exceed the maximum size for their type given in the Army Lists;

4. An army must have a CinC;5. An army must comprise at least one division, and that division must have a divisional

general.

Ideally, to save time, each player’s army should be worked out in advance.

Battlefield terrain is decided using the pick-up game maps. Certain maps are available only in

particular theatres of war. Each map contains objectives that score points, and shows which

side of the map is used for each player.

Each player picks a map and rolls 2D6. The lowest wins and the winner’s map is used for thegame.

The loser can then add one item of terrain to the map of a type that is already present, or take

one item of terrain away.

In the event of a tie, each player gets the opposing half of the other player’s map as their half

of the board.

All pick-up games are fought as encounters: the armies set up no closer than 80cm apart.

Roll 2D6 to determine who starts placing units first: highest loses and places first. Roll 2D6

to determine the minimum and maximum number of units as usual. The player who finishes

placing units first becomes Player 2.

After all units are placed, Player 2 places officers and then Player 1 places officers. An

officer cannot start the game attached to a unit.

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SKIRMISHER SUPERIORITY

The Skirmisher Superiority phase simulates the "little war" – the conflict between opposing

forces' skirmishers. An army whose skirmishers are outperforming those of the enemy has an

advantage when shot at because its skirmisher screen defends its units.

At the beginning of each turn, both players roll to determine whose skirmishers have the

upper hand.

Each army has a Skirmish Factor ranging from 6 to 10 (see Army Lists). A scenario designer

can specify each side's initial Skirmish Factor in advance, or each player can roll to determineit on the Army Lists before battle commences. For mixed forces, use the factor for the largest

infantry contingent of the army.

Modify each army's Skirmish Factor as follows:

–1 if foul weather –1 if failed previous superiority test

+1 if won previous superiority test

+1 if skirmish line is reinforced

Each player rolls 2D6: if the result is less than or equal to the modified Skirmish Factor then

the army's skirmish line is being effective. A roll of 11 or 12 is always a failure.

Whichever side succeeds by the greatest amount wins the skirmisher war: all firing against

that side’s units during the rest of the turn is at –1. Infantry, cavalry and artillery units all gain

from the protection of skirmisher superiority.

Huzzah! results

A player who rolls Huzzah! (double one) permanently reduces the other side's Skirmish

Factor by one for the rest of the battle. Subsequent Huzzah! results cause further reductions.

Reinforced skirmish line

A player can reinforce the skirmish line by deploying bases of infantry from units that have

the Skirmish ability. If one side has deployed at least twice as many bases as the enemy into

the skirmish line, then that side’s skirmish line is reinforced.

Some units consist entirely of Skirmish infantry, such as entire regiments of light infantry.The whole unit can, if required, be deployed into the skirmish line. Other units may have one base of light infantry; only that base can be deployed into the skirmish line. Such units are

defined as having the ability of Skirmish (Limited). Bases that are deployed into the skirmishline cannot rejoin their units. Units that are disordered or routing cannot deploy skirmishers.

Players can mark units that have the Skirmish Limited ability by using one base of

skirmishers in place of a base of formed infantry. Units with the Skirmish ability should

usually be apparent by the type of infantry used to represent them, or can be marked by

placing a skirmisher figure on each base or by only using bases of skirmishers.

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ARTILLERY EFFECTIVENESS

The artillery effectiveness phase determines whether an army’s gunners are serving their

pieces well, gauging the distances to targets accurately, and making every shot count.

Artillery effectiveness is affected by ground conditions and by poor weather.

At the beginning of each turn, both players roll to determine whether their armies are using

their artillery effectively.

Each army has an Artillery Factor ranging from 6 to 10. A scenario designer can specify an

army’s Artillery Factor in advance, or each player can roll to determine it on the Army Lists before battle commences. For mixed forces, use the factor for the largest artillery contingent

in the army (i.e. the contingent with most artillery bases). Each side rolls only once each turn

for artillery effectiveness.

Artillery effectiveness affects:

• Firing by units that have divisional artillery attached; and• Firing by reserve artillery batteries and grand batteries.

Modify each army’s Artillery Factor as follows:

–1 if failed previous test

–1 if enemy has skirmisher superiority

–1 if soft ground

–1 if foul weather

+1 hard ground

+1 if passed previous test

Each player rolls 2D6: if the result is less than or equal to the modified Artillery Factor then

the army’s guns are being effective. It is possible for both sides to have artillery

effectiveness.

Huzzah! results

A player who rolls Huzzah! (double one) permanently reduces the artillery effectiveness of

the enemy by one. A side that rolls Huzzah! is assumed to engage in effective counter-battery

fire. Huzzah! results are cumulative; only one Huzzah! result counts against an enemy in one

turn.

Ground conditions/Foul weather

These conditions are currently defined only by scenario. Soft ground can be mud or heavy

snow; hard ground is sun-baked earth. Foul weather can be dense fog, heavy snow or heavyrain.

Scenarios may specify that weather conditions change after a certain number of turns, for

example, fog (foul weather) lifting on turn four, or soft ground becoming firm on turn six.

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FIRING

Fire Factor

Each unit has a Fire Factor, which is a measure of its fire effectiveness. Fire Factors are based

on a unit’s experience (determined using its quality in the Army Lists) and its arm as follows:

Infantry Artillery

Veterans 7 8

Experienced 6 7

Trained 6 7

Green 6 7

Raw 5 6

Unreliable 5 6

Infantry units with divisional artillery fire using the infantry’s Fire Factor (they receive bonuses because artillery potentially increases their strength and gives bonuses if it is

effective) and the infantry’s ranges. Infantry brigades with divisional artillery can fire and

move. Chargers, routers, and cavalry units cannot fire.

Grand batteries and single reserve artillery bases can either fire or move, but not both in the

same turn.

Weapon Ranges

The following ranges apply for weapons:

Unit Range (cm)

Infantry 20

Reserve foot and reserve horse artillery 60

Reserve heavy artillery 80

Artillery bases in infantry units (divisional artillery) cannot fire individually: the infantry’srange and Fire Factor are used. All infantry units are assumed to benefit from artillery

support; attached divisional artillery bases represent concentrated artillery support.

A grand battery uses the shortest range appropriate to its constituent batteries.

Procedure

Any of the phasing army’s units or grand batteries that can see an enemy unit can fire at it. Aunit can choose its target from any that are within the arc of fire and which are neither fully

nor partly blocked by another unit. If possible targets exist both at short range and beyondshort range, the firer must shoot at one of the targets at short range. Only bases that can draw

a clear line of sight to a target can fire – that may mean that not every base in a unit can fire.

Only bases that are within range of a target can fire – that may mean that not every base in a

unit can fire. Bases that are beyond long range of a target cannot fire at it. Bases in a firing

unit can only shoot at the same target. All bases that fire must fire together.

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All targets must be declared before resolving any firing. Arc of fire is 45 degrees to eitherside of the unit. Measure ranges from the centre of the firing bases to the centre of the closest

visible face of the target unit. A unit can fire with fewer bases to bring a target into range or

into close range.

Routing units cannot fire. Units in road column cannot fire.

To fire, take the unit's Fire Factor and modify by the net result of the following:

–1 if firer is disordered

–1 if firer is in square –1 if target has skirmisher superiority

–1 if target is Irregular troops (Cossacks, Ottoman infantry)

–1 if foul weather

–1 if target is in soft cover (hedges, orchards, woods)

–2 if target is in hard cover (walls, buildings)

+1 for every two bases in the firer’s front line if the firer is in the open

+1 for every three bases in firing unit if the firer is in dense terrain

+1 if target is at short range (under half range)

+1 if firing on a target’s flank or rear+1 if target is in square

The following modifiers apply only if the firer has artillery effectiveness:

+1 if firer has divisional artillery attached

+1 if grand battery firing at a target more than one base deep

+1 if grand battery contains heavy artillery

+1 if grand battery firing at square

Then roll 2D6. To hit, the unit must roll less than or equal to the modified Fire Factor. A unitcan have a maximum modified Fire Factor of 10; any higher result is treated as 10. A unit can

have a minimum modified Fire Factor of 2; any lower result is treated as 2. A roll of 11 or 12

is always a failure; a roll of 2 (Huzzah!) is always a success. The difference between the

required and actual rolls is the number of hits on the enemy unit. If a Huzzah! (double one) is

rolled, an extra hit is caused. A unit that rolls equal to its modified Fire Factor causes 0 hits

but this still counts as a success and forces a morale test.

Mark each unit that fires with a puff of smoke (cotton wool) to show that it has fired this turn.

Bases are removed from the target according to the number of hits inflicted and the numberof hits per base. Odd hits remain on a unit until the end of the Rally phase. Bases are removed

only after resolving all firing against a unit. Because all bases in a unit are equal, it does not

matter which bases are removed, although marker bases indicating the presence of divisional

artillery or skirmish ability should remain if possible. A unit cannot comprise only marker

bases; marker bases must be removed first if the only other base that can be removed

indicates the unit’s type. If a marker base is removed the unit loses that marker’s ability. The

owning player chooses which bases are removed and can remove them from a support rank.

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For example, a trained British infantry unit of three bases and one base of attacheddivisional artillery (with artillery effectiveness), all in one line, fires at short range at a

French brigade: its base fire factor is 6, modified +2 for the number of bases, +1 for

divisional artillery and +1 for short range, a total of 10 (the maximum possible). The player

rolls 6 on 2D6: the unit succeeds with a difference of 4, thus causing four hits on the target.

The French unit is three hits per base, so one base is removed with one hit left over. If anyother casualties were inflicted on the French unit in that turn, then the hits would be added to

that remaining one, with the result that another base might be removed. Otherwise, at the end

of the turn in the rally phase, that one remaining hit is ignored and removed .

Firing at chargers

An infantry or artillery unit that is charged must fire at the unit charging it (it cannot choose

not to fire). This is an exception to the general firing rule because the unit being charged fires

in the enemy turn and because firing is compulsory. Firing is calculated at short range and

takes place during the Firing at Chargers phase. Units charged by multiple units must fire at

one, and only one, of the charging units (firer’s choice of target). Units that begin the turn incombat cannot fire at each other. Mark units that successfully fire at chargers with a puff of

smoke (cotton wool). A unit that unsuccessfully fires at chargers must take a morale test.

Force backs and morale tests

A unit that is hit, even if it takes 0 hits from an opponent’s successful firing, must take a

morale test as soon as all firing against it has finished and after any rolls have been made for

the survival of attached officers. Any unit that is hit and which fails a morale test is

disordered; a non-charging unit may even be forced back by the volume of fire.

Any unit that fires at chargers and whose firing roll fails must also take a morale test: it can

only be disorganised if it fails the test, although if it is already disorganised it will

immediately rout (the charging unit can automatically advance to occupy the ground or

deploy into terrain previously occupied by the routers).

Force backs do not affect chargers (i.e. units that advance into contact) or units that fire at

chargers. Charging units that take a morale test only become disordered if they fail; a unit

that charges while already in disorder, however, will rout if it fails a morale test. Any

casualties caused by firing count for any force back if the chargers lose the melee. Casualties

caused by firing do not affect who wins the combat; they affect only the distance that the

charger retreats or routs if it loses the combat.

The ability of a unit to pass the test depends on its Morale Factor.

Quality Morale Factor

Veteran 10

Experienced 9

Trained 8

Green 7

Raw 6

Unreliable 5

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Adjust the unit’s Morale Factor as follows:

–1 for each base lost that turn

–1 if facing a renowned unit

–1 if friendly routing unit within 20cm

–1 if an attached officer was killed this turn –2 if an attached inspirational officer was killed this turn

+1 for each complete support rank (before removing losses) in good order

+1 if an officer is attached

+1 if an inspirational officer is attached

Roll 2D6 and if the roll is less than or equal to the adjusted score then the unit is unaffected.

A unit can have a maximum modified Morale Factor of 10, and a minimum modified Morale

Factor of 2. A roll of 11 or 12 is always a failure; a Huzzah! (double one) is always a success.

A unit that rolls Huzzah! receives the Grognards ability if it does not already have it; if it

already has the Grognards ability, its acquires the ability Disciplined; if it already has the

Disciplined ability, its quality improves by one (Trained troops become Experienced, and soon).

If the unit fails its morale test it is disordered. A non-charging unit also falls back 5cm for

each base it loses; it falls back directly to its rear, facing its original direction. A unit thatreceives insufficient hits to remove a base can only be disordered; it cannot be forced back

(hence a unit that takes 0 hits is disordered if it fails its morale test).

Reduce the force back distance by 5cm if the target is in soft cover, 10cm if it is in hard

cover, and 15cm if the target is in a strongpoint; terrain has no other effect on force backs. If

a unit deployed in dense terrain is forced back after reductions for cover, it is forced out of

that terrain and deployed the force-back distance (less reductions for cover) away from that

terrain.

A non-routing unit that is forced out of dense terrain into another sector of unoccupied denseterrain automatically deploys into that new sector.

A disordered unit, even if it charged into contact, immediately routs if it fails a morale test. A

unit also routs if it falls back more than 15cm after reductions for soft or hard cover.

A routing unit moves the greater of either its full road column movement or its force back

distance directly to its rear, facing away from the enemy.

If forced back through a friendly unit, a unit that falls back or routs takes an additional hit and

the unit that it passes through is disordered. The unit that falls back or routs is positioned theother side of the unit that it passes through. A unit that has several units fall back or rout

through it in the same phase is disordered only once.

A routing unit that routs into an unoccupied sector of dense terrain takes an additional hit. It

cannot deploy into that terrain. A routing unit that routs into an occupied sector of dense

terrain takes an additional hit and is positioned its remaining rout distance beyond the

occupied sector. A routing unit that routs into an enemy-occupied sector of dense terrain is

captured and removed from play.

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Basic rule: A unit that falls back or routs off the battlefield is removed from play and istreated as if it had routed.

Advanced rule: Unless already at the edge of the battlefield, a unit that would fall back or

rout off the battlefield is instead positioned at the table edge at the point where it would leave

the battlefield. It is treated as if it had routed and gets one chance to rally: if it fails to rally itis removed from play.

For example, the French unit in the previous example took 4 hits and lost one base. If it is

trained, its quality is 8 and its adjusted quality (for the lost base) is 7. If it rolls an 8 or more

it is disordered and must retire 5cm.

Note that force backs caused by firing depend on the number of bases lost; force backs

caused by combat depend on the number of hits inflicted.

Explanations

Every two basesFor every two whole bases in the front line of a unit in open terrain, it receives a +1 in firing.

Hence a unit only one base strong receives no modifier, a unit of two or three bases is +1, a

unit of four or five bases is +2 and so on, provided they are all in one line. A brigade

arranged two bases by two has only two bases in the firing line (although it has one supportrank for morale tests and rallying). Only bases that can draw line of sight to the target can

fire; range is measured from the centre of the firer to nearest base of the target.

Every three bases

For every three whole bases in a unit in dense terrain, it receives a +1 in firing. Hence a unit

only one base or two bases strong receives no modifier, a unit of three to five bases is +1, a

unit of six bases is +2 and so on.

Within 20cm

The routing unit is in or partly within 20cm of all or part of the testing unit..

Officers and hits

If a unit takes hits, then any attached officer is killed immediately if he fails his saving throw.

If a unit is destroyed, then any attached officer is killed immediately; he gets no saving throw.

The saving throw is equal to 12 minus the number of hits taken by the unit. If the player rolls

higher than this number, the officer is killed. Hence an officer attached to a unit that hastaken 3 hits must roll 9 or less to survive. An 11 or a 12 is always a failure; a Huzzah! resultalways succeeds. On a Huzzah! (double one), the officer leads a charmed life and his next

saving throw also automatically succeeds.

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ORDERS AND MOVEMENT

Command Factor

Each officer has a Command Factor, which is a measure of his and his staff’s ability and

activity. Command Factors are based on the historical performance of a nation’s officers, andare determined before battle commences using the Command Factor table in the Army Lists.

An officer’s quality affects his Command Factor and command radius as follows:

Officer quality Command Factor Command radius

Excellent 10 60cm

Skilful 9 50cm

Average 8 40cm

Poor 7 30cm

Abysmal 6 20cm

Units and groups of units require orders to move, and their ability to act on their ordersdepends on the command rating of their leaders. Well-led troops are more likely to move as

desired than badly led troops.

An officer is required for each division, and a CinC is required for the army. If the army

comprises two or more corps, then each corps has a corps officer. If the army consists of asingle corps, then the CinC is in effect the corps officer; a separate corps officer is not used.

Orders are issued by officers and can be issued either to individual units or to a command

group. A command group is a division or, in a multi-corps army, a corps. Sub-commands are

the constituents of a command group: the brigade or unit is the sub-command of the division;the division is the sub-command of the corps. Reserve artillery bases are treated as brigades

belonging to their appropriate division (either the corps reserve artillery division or the corps

cavalry division).

An officer who fails when issuing an order can give no further orders that turn. In addition,the player’s Orders phase ends immediately if the CinC fails an order. Once a player issues

orders with an officer, that player cannot return to other officers that have already given

orders. Once an officer issues orders to a command or an individual unit he cannot order

other commands or individual units to which he gave orders in the same turn.

Officers can issue orders to any command group or unit in their command groups providedthat the group or unit has not been given orders by another officer, whether those orders

succeed or fail.

The CinC can:

• issue orders to any division or corps, or to any single unit to which he is attached

• appoint a new officer to a command group that lost its officer in a previous turn (see

Officer Movement, page xx)

A side's Orders phase ends immediately if the CinC fails a command roll. If other players on

the same side are still issuing orders, they must stop issuing orders and all movement of units

must cease immediately, regardless of the success of those officers’ orders.

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A corps officer can:

• issue orders to his corps, to any division in his corps, or to any single unit in his corps to

which he is attached.

A division officer can:

• issue orders to his division, to any unit in his division, or to any unit in his division towhich he is attached.

An officer who is attached to a single unit:

• cannot issue orders to any other unit or to any command group.

Units that have officers attached can only receive and act on orders given by the attached

officer. They take orders from no other officer.

All officers can issue orders to:

• advance;

• retire;• deploy; or

• manoeuvre.

Grand batteries and single bases of reserve artillery cannot move (i.e. advance, manoeuvre,deploy or retire) if they fire. Infantry units can still move if they fire, whether or not they

have divisional artillery attached. Units that fire should be marked with a puff of smoke

(cotton wool) in the Firing phase.

Routing units cannot be given orders and never act on orders given to their division or corps.

Disordered units can act on orders; if they act on orders or fire, it reduces their ability to

reform later in the same turn.

Only officers that are attached to units move in this phase. All other officers move during the

Officer Movement phase.

Procedure

A player who wishes an officer to give an order must state whether he wants his command or

a sub-command in that command to advance, retire, manoeuvre or deploy.

The ability to issue an order depends on the officer's Command Factor, modified by the net

result of the following:

–1 for each successive order issued to the same command group or sub-command

–1 if any unit ordered fired at the enemy –1 if any unit ordered is in disorder

–1 if any unit ordered is in dense terrain

–1 if any unit ordered is within one move of a formed enemy

–1 if any unit ordered is Hesitant and within one move of any enemy

–1 if any unit is ordered to advance on a Renowned unit

–2 if infantry ordered to advance on cavalry within one move

+1 if all units ordered are completely within the officer’s command radius

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+1 if all units ordered are Disciplined+1 if out of range of the enemy

+1 if an officer is attached

+1 if both the officer is inspirational and the order is to advance

The net result of all modifiers is applied to obtain the officer's modified Command Factor. Anofficer can have a maximum modified Command Factor of 10 and a minimum modified

Command Factor of 2.

The phasing player rolls two six-sided dice (2D6). The order succeeds if the result is less than

or equal to the officer’s effective Command Factor. An order always fails on a roll of 11 or12. An order also fails if the player does not state the type of order before rolling the dice.

Orders always succeed on a Huzzah! (double one) and the player then has the option of

taking a second automatically successful order of any type for the command group or unit

ordered. Doing so will end the orders for that group or unit for this turn.

If an order succeeds, the units ordered can act according to the order given. Units that have

been given an order to advance, therefore, cannot deploy, manoeuvre or retire – they can only

advance.

If an order succeeds, an officer can issue another order to the units using the cumulative

penalty for issuing successive orders.

Effects of officers on movement

Units move straight through friendly officers. Units that end up on top of a friendly officer

displace the officer. Officers are displaced so they are just out of contact with and behind the

centre of the unit that displaced them. A unit that contacts an enemy officer captures him (the

figure is removed) unless there is a non-routing friendly unit within his command radius, in

which case he attaches to the nearest such unit: his figure is moved and placed in contact with

the unit.

Explanations

Unit in disorder

A unit that is in disorder is hard to control until it is reformed. A unit may be in disorder after

failing a morale test, losing a combat, or being penetrated by routers.

Within one move

A unit is within one move of the enemy if the unit is within one move’s distance, i.e. the unit

could reach it on a successful advance order. A unit is also within one move of the enemy ifthe enemy unit could reach it in one move on a successful advance order. Terrain and facing

both affect whether a unit is within one move.

Formed enemy

A formed enemy unit is one that is neither disordered nor routing.

Fired at enemy

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A unit has fired at the enemy if it fired during the Firing phase, whether or not it inflictedhits. Units that fire are marked with a puff of smoke (cotton wool) as a reminder. Such units

are harder to order to because of the likelihood that they will get locked into a firefight.

Command group

A command group is either a division or a corps.

Sub-command

Sub-commands are the constituent parts of a command group. Divisions are sub-commands

of the corps; units or brigades are sub-commands of the division.

Command radius

Command radius is defined by the officer’s command rating and is measured from the centre

of the officer’s base. All bases of a unit must be completely within the command radius for a

bonus to apply.

Dense terrainWoods and buildings are dense terrain. Woods are soft cover; buildings are hard cover. See

Terrain, page 26.

Renowned unit

Renowned units are defined in the Army Lists. The renowned unit must be within one move

for a penalty to apply.

Disciplined unit

Disciplined units are defined in the Army Lists. A Grognards unit becomes Disciplined

during the game by passing a Morale test with a Huzzah! result.

Out of range

The enemy is out of range if the units being ordered are outside heavy artillery range (80cm)

of the nearest enemy unit, regardless of line of sight and regardless of whether the enemyincludes artillery in its strength.

ORDERS

Advance

A unit that receives an individual advance order can move forwards up to its full movementallowance. Units in a command group can move forwards only up to the maximum moveallowance of the slowest arm in that group. Cavalry ordered as part of the same group as

infantry can therefore move at the maximum rate of the infantry (20cm). Advance moves aremeasured from the front face of the unit to the new position of the front face.

Moves must be made straight ahead, but a unit is allowed a sideways drift of up to 5cm to the

left or to the right. A unit that drifts must keep the same facing; it cannot pivot or manoeuvre.

The drift is performed at the end of the advance move; a unit cannot advance after drifting

without receiving another advance order. A unit cannot drift into contact with an enemy unit.

An advance move can never be used to break contact with an enemy. An advance order is theonly order than can be used to make contact with an enemy in open terrain.

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An advance order cannot be used to occupy or leave dense terrain unless the advancing unit is

in road column and is passing through, not deploying into, the terrain. Such actions require a

deploy order.

Infantry, infantry with divisional artillery, or Irregular cavalry that is deployed in a sector ofdense terrain can advance into an adjacent sector of dense terrain (see Terrain, page 28). If

that sector is contested by the enemy, the advancing unit can engage the enemy unit in

combat. A unit cannot deploy out of dense terrain into contact with an enemy: it must first

deploy out of the terrain and then advance into contact.

A unit that advances into contact with an enemy (so the units are touching) cannot act on any

further orders that phase. An advance move made to contact the enemy is a charge and is

always made straight ahead with no drifting allowed. A unit that advances into contact is

referred to as a “charger”. A charger that makes contact, or would make contact, with any

part of its formation other than its front face is disordered and moved backwards 5cm from

the point of contact.

Units are squared up on contact. If most of a charger would contact the front of an enemy

unit, then the charger is squared up with the front face of the enemy. Otherwise, chargers are

squared up with the closest visible face of the enemy: if one corner of a charging unit iscloser than the other corner to the enemy, it is the closest corner that determines which face

of the enemy is charged. When squaring up, the advancing unit must touch as much of the

enemy’s frontage as possible with its own frontage; the positioning of any overlap is at the

discretion of the owning player, however, all of the advancing bases remain in their existing

formation and cannot be rearranged.

Impulsive units that are within one advance move of the enemy at the start of their Orders

and Movement phase must always charge that enemy. They do not require orders to do so;

they are simply moved into contact.

Friendly units that overlap each other, unless executing a passage of lines, each become

disordered because parts of the formations become intermingled.

Movement in cm:

Troops Line of battle Open order Road column

Infantry 15 20 20Cavalry 25 30 30

Reserve artillery 15 15

Reserve heavy artillery 15 15

Reserve horse artillery 25 25

Officers 60

Formations are explained on page 39. Squares cannot move. Irregular troops (Cossacks and

Ottoman infantry) are always in open order.

Retire

A unit that receives an individual retire order can move backwards up to half its fullmovement allowance. Units in a command group can move backwards only up to half the full

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move allowance of the slowest unit in that group. Moves must be made straight backwardswithout turning, inclining or drifting any unit. All units keep the same facing. Retire moves

are measured from the rear face of the unit to the new position of the rear face.

A retire move can never be used to bring a unit into contact with the enemy. A retire move

can never be used to engage or to break an engagement with an enemy: such an action is onlydecided by resolving the engagement.

Friendly units that overlap each other, unless executing a passage of lines, are both

disordered; disordered units that end up overlapping remain only disordered.

A unit that is within one move of an enemy and which obeys an order to retire must take a

Waver Test immediately after it moves (Note: new rule undergoing playtesting). The ability

of a unit to pass the test depends on its Morale Factor .

Quality Morale FactorVeteran 10

Experienced 9

Trained 8

Green 7

Raw 6

Unreliable 5

Adjust the unit’s Morale Factor as follows:

–1 if disordered –1 if friendly routing unit within one move

–1 if Hesitant

–1 if Impulsive

+1 if leader attached

+1 if inspirational leader attached

+1 if Disciplined

Roll 2D6 and if the roll is less than or equal to the adjusted score then the unit is unaffected.

A unit can have a maximum modified Morale Factor of 10, and a minimum modified Morale

Factor of 2. A roll of 11 or 12 is always a failure; a Huzzah! (double one) is always a success.

A unit that rolls Huzzah! receives the Grognards ability if it does not already have it; if italready has the Grognards ability, its acquires the ability Disciplined; if it already has the

Disciplined ability, its quality improves by one (Trained troops become Experienced, and so

on).

If a unit fails a waver test it is disordered. A disordered unit that fails a waver test thereforerouts, moving its road column movement rate directly to its rear.

Deploy

Units can change from any allowable formation into another allowable formation. Infantry

can therefore form line of battle, road column or square. Cavalry can form line of battle or

road column; Irregular troops (Cossacks and Ottoman infantry) are always in open order

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whether they are in line or road column. No change of facing is permitted for infantry orcavalry – this requires a manoeuvre order.

One base of an infantry or cavalry unit must remain stationary during deployment to anchor

the position of the new formation.

A unit can rearrange its bases on a deploy order. All bases must keep the same facing. Bases

are typically rearranged to create or remove support ranks. A support rank is an additional

rank of bases within the unit that is at least equal to the front rank in number of bases. A unit

must additionally have at least two bases in the front rank to qualify for support (road

columns can never, therefore, benefit from support ranks).

Infantry with the Skirmish ability can be deployed into the skirmish line to reinforce it. On a

deploy order, a unit with the Skirmish ability can deploy bases into the skirmish line to

reinforce it (see Skirmisher Superiority). A unit with the Skirmish ability can deploy from

one to all of its bases into the Skirmish line. If a unit deploys all of its bases into the Skirmish

line and it is the only unit in the division, that division officer is removed from play.

Units with the Skirmish (Limited) ability can deploy one base to reinforce the skirmish line;

they then lose the Skirmish (Limited) ability.

Units cannot deploy skirmishers if they are disordered. Bases deployed into the skirmish line

cannot rejoin their parent units.

Deployed skirmish bases are removed from play. They do not count as lost points. Skirmish

ability can be indicated by a skirmisher figure used as a marker or by a base of infantry in

skirmish formation.

Reserve artillery can attach to another reserve artillery base in the same command group on a

deploy order provided that the distance between the bases is one advance move or less for

each type of artillery. Reserve artillery cannot detach from a grand battery (grand batteriesmust remain as grand batteries once created).

A deploy order can never be used to engage the enemy in open terrain or to break off an

engagement.

Units can change formation in any order the player wishes, but each is moved one at a time.

Friendly units that end up overlapping or that overlap while changing formation aredisordered.

Infantry or infantry with divisional artillery can form square on a deploy order. Mark a square by alternating bases of the unit to face the rear. Squares cannot move. A unit in square has no

flank or rear and suffers no penalties in combat against attacks made from those directions by

any troop types.

Infantry, infantry with divisional artillery, or Irregular cavalry that is touching an unoccupied

sector of dense terrain can deploy into and occupy that sector (see Terrain, page 33). A sector

of dense terrain can contain only one unit. A deploy order can be used to enter an unoccupied

sector of contested dense terrain and therefore to engage the enemy that contests the terrain.

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Infantry, infantry with divisional artillery, or Irregular cavalry that is deployed in a sector ofdense terrain can deploy out of that sector (see Terrain, page 33). A unit cannot deploy out of

dense terrain into contact with an enemy: it must first deploy out of the terrain and then be

given an advance order to make contact.

A deploy order can be used to execute a passage of lines: a unit of infantry or cavalry canexchange places with another unit of the same arm provided that the units are both in line of

battle, that they have no support ranks, that they face exactly the same direction, and that the

front faces of both units are no more than one advance move apart. Both units maintain their

arrangement of bases. Units executing a passage of lines are not disordered. Units that are in

disorder cannot execute a passage of lines nor have a passage of lines executed on them.Brigades that are in different divisions will need a high level officer (corps or CinC) to issue

an order to execute a passage of lines. All units that execute a passage of lines within one

move of an enemy unit must take a waver test (see Retire, rule undergoing playtesting). All

affected units must pass the waver test for the passage of lines to succeed: units that fail the

waver test are disordered.

Manoeuvre

Infantry units can wheel on an anchored flank through up to 45 degrees if in line of battle or

open order. Reserve artillery can wheel through up to 45 degrees. Cavalry units can wheel

through 90 degrees in line of battle or open order. No base in a unit, however, can movefurther than its movement allowance, even if this means a unit cannot manoeuvre through its

full allowed angle. Units in road column cannot wheel.

A unit in any formation can about face through exactly 180 degrees instead of wheeling. A

unit can forgo the ability to wheel or about face and instead side-step up to 10cm to the left or

to the right while maintaining the same facing. Alternatively, every base in the formation can

turn through 90 degrees to the left or to the right (a unit at full extension forms a road column

if its bases turn through 90 degrees).

A manoeuvre order can never be used to engage or to break an engagement with an enemy.

Units can manoeuvre in any order that the player wishes, but each unit manoeuvres one at a

time. Any friendly units that end up overlapping are disordered; disordered units that end up

overlapping remain disordered.

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COMBAT Enemy units that are in physical contact on the battlefield are engaged. Such units must

resolve the engagement during this phase. Their ability to fight depends on their Combat

Factor and their situation.

Procedure

Pair off engaged units into one-on-one combats wherever possible. Each engaged unit has a

quality rating according to its experience.

Quality Combat Factor

Veteran 8

Experienced 7

Trained 6

Green 5

Raw 4

Unreliable 3

Modify each unit's rating as follows:

–1 if disordered or routing

–1 if charging uphill –1 if opponent is in or defending hard cover

–1 if engaged to flank or rear

–1 if engaged with renowned opponent

–2 if cavalry vs square

+1 if charged into combat against opponent in the open

+1 for every two bases in the unit

+1 if multiple combat and more units than enemy (applies to each unit)+1 if Skirmish or Irregular troops in dense terrain

+1 if in or defending a strongpoint (a fortified stone building)

+1 if battle cavalry

+1 if undisordered cavalry vs disordered or routing opponent

+1 if cavalry vs flanks or rear+1 if attacking opponent in flank, unless against square

+2 if attacking opponent in the rear, unless against square+1 if leader attached

+1 if inspirational leader attached

Players roll 2D6 for each of their own units involved in an engagement. A unit can have a

maximum modified Combat Factor of 10 and a minimum modified Combat Factor of 2. A

roll of 11 or 12 is always a failure; a Huzzah! (double one) is always a success. A unit thatrolls a Huzzah! inflicts one extra hit if that unit wins the combat.

Each unit potentially inflicts hits on its opponent equal to the difference between its die roll

and its modified quality.

The winner of the combat is the individual unit that causes the largest number of hits.

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If each side’s best result is equal, or if all combatants fail their rolls, the defender wins

(defending units belong to the non-phasing player).

The winner of the combat takes no damage.

The loser of the combat takes the number of hits that the winning unit caused and is

disordered. If the loser was disordered at the start of the combat, it routs. If the losing side

consists of more than one unit, hits are divided equally between them, with the owning player

deciding which unit takes any odd hits.

The loser takes no hits if the winning unit is a routing unit, but is still disordered for losing

the combat.

An already routing unit that loses a combat is immediately removed from play.

The loser is forced back according to the number of hits inflicted. For each hit it receives, theunit falls back 5cm. The number of hits used for force backs includes any inflicted on

chargers by firing if the chargers lose the combat (hits inflicted by firing do not affect who

wins the combat).

Reduce the force back distance by 5cm if the loser is in or behind soft cover, 10cm if the loser

is in or behind hard cover, and 15cm if the loser is in a strongpoint; terrain has no other effect

on force backs. If a unit is not forced back out of contact, then the combat continues and must

be resolved next combat phase. Units can join the combat but cannot charge into combat (no

unit in or joining a continuing combat applies any charging modifier); existing combatants

cannot fire at them.

If a unit deployed in dense terrain is forced back after reductions for terrain, it is forced out of

that cover and deployed the force-back distance (less reductions for cover) away from that

terrain.

A unit that is forced back through constricting terrain (such as a bridge or ford) is compelled

to form road column and is then forced back the appropriate distance. It cannot deploy into

either the near bank or far bank sectors.

If the loser is forced back more than 15cm after reductions for cover, then it routs.

If the loser was already disordered at the start of the combat, it about faces and routs. Routersmove the greater of either the force back distance or their road column movement allowance.

Measure routs from the one edge of a unit to the new position of the same edge of the unit. A

routing unit keeps its current formation (i.e. arrangement of bases), but the bases are slightly

staggered to show its status. Squares lose their square status if they rout.

Basic rule: A unit that falls back or routs off the battlefield is immediately removed from play and is treated as if it had routed.



the battlefield. It is treated as if it had routed and gets chance to rally: if it fails to rally it is

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removed from play.

After the loser has retired or routed, the winner can follow up, advancing up to its movement

allowance directly ahead. The winner can turn to face the enemy unit that it beat; in addition,

a winner that has the Disciplined ability can either manoeuvre or deploy as if it were issued a

single manoeuvre or deploy order. Routing units and reserve artillery can never follow up. Ifwinning infantry dislodges defenders from a buildings sector it can instead deploy into that

sector.

Combat is simultaneous. The outcome of all combats should be determined before moving

the losers. All force backs and routs must be completed before winners follow up. In practice,however, it is easier to resolve force backs, routs and follow-ups for each combat in turn.

Direction of force backs and routs

Units that are attacked only from the front fall back or rout directly to their rear, or towards

their army’s baseline if this is not possible.

Units that are attacked in the flank move directly away from the enemy on their flank; if this

is not possible, they will instead move directly to their rear, and if this is not possible they

will move toward’s their army’s baseline.

Units that have no flank or rear, such as troops deployed in buildings or infantry in square

move either towards their army’s baseline or directly way from the winning unit at the

owning player’s choice.

Units that are attacked from the rear surrender and are removed from play.

Units that are forced back remain facing or can turn to face the enemy; routing units face

away from the enemy.

A non-routing infantry unit whose force back move takes it into but not beyond unoccupied

dense terrain automatically deploys into that terrain. It remains disordered. Routing units

whose force back would leave them in a dense terrain sector, taking one additional hit.

If forced back through a friendly unit, the moving unit takes an additional hit and the unit it

passes through is disordered. Any number of units can fall back or rout through a friendly

unit and the result is only one disorder. A unit that is already disordered before a friendlyunits falls back or routs through it remains only disordered.

Following up

Impulsive units must always follow up. Hesitant units cannot follow up unless either they win

a combat with a Huzzah! result or the enemy routs. Reserve artillery and routing units can

never follow up. If winning infantry dislodges defenders from a buildings sector it can

instead deploy into that sector.

A unit that follows up advances up to its movement allowance directly ahead. The winner can

turn to face the enemy unit that it beat; in addition, a winner that has the Disciplined ability

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can either manoeuvre or deploy as if it were issued a single manoeuvre or deploy order andthen advance up to its movement allowance directly ahead.

If the winner contacts an enemy unit, the combat is resolved in the next combat phase; neither

side has the opportunity to fire nor counts as charging. A unit that follows up cannot join a

combat that has yet to be resolved: it must remain out of contact with this combat. It can,however, join a combat that has already been resolved in the same phase but which is still

continuing.

Cavalry that follows up and which contacts a disordered or routing enemy unit can

immediately resolve the combat, but is disordered after resolving the combat if it wins or ties(it is automatically disordered if it loses). A victorious cavalry unit can make only one

follow-up move. The disordered or routing unit cannot fire; the cavalry counts the bonus for

charging.

For example, an Experienced British infantry unit (7) and a Green French infantry unit (5),

both four bases strong, are fighting with the British attacking in the flank.

The modified qualities are British, 10 (+2 for bases, +1 for attacking in flank); French, 6 (+2 for bases, -1 for attacked in flank).

The British roll 5 on 2D6 scoring 5 (10 minus 5); the French roll 5 on 2D6 scoring 1 (6

minus 5). The British win and therefore cause 5 hits on the French unit. The French unit is

disordered, loses one base (with two hits remaining) and is forced back 25cm. This is more

than 15cm, so it instead routs 25cm facing away from the enemy. The British can follow up,

advancing up to 15cm, although they cannot catch the defeated unit.

For example, a Green Spanish infantry unit is in combat with and uphill of two Trained

French infantry units that charged into contact.

In firing at chargers, the Spanish inflict three hits on one French unit, removing a base.

In the combat, the Spanish get a Huzzah!, potentially inflicting 7 hits against the French, who

for this example we assume will lose. The 7 hits are divided 4 onto one unit and 3 onto the

other (both must lose a base).

If the French player chooses to take the 4 hits on the unit that lost a base to firing, that unit

takes 7 hits for force backs and routs 35cm; its companion retires 15cm and is disordered. Ifthe French player takes the 4 hits on the unit that was not fired at, it routs 20cm and itscompanion routs 30cm. It is up to the French player to decide which result is worst given the

dire circumstances (the Spanish can, after all, follow up afterwards, moving 15cm). And ifthis result hadn’t happened in playtesting, no one would have believed it!

Explanations

Disordered or routing

Unit statuses caused by failed morale tests or lost combats. Road columns are disordered by

contact with an enemy unit before combat is resolved.

Charging

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A unit is regarded as charging if it advanced into contact with an enemy unit in the open,thereby initiating a new combat. Defenders cannot charge. Units that are in, or which join, a

continuing combat cannot charge. The charging bonus and the penalty for charging uphill do

not, therefore, apply in a continuing combat. A unit that advances into contact with an enemy

unit that is in dense terrain does not receive a bonus for charging.

Every two bases

For every two whole bases comprising the unit, it receives a +1 in combat. Hence a unit only

one base strong receives no modifier, a unit of two or three bases is +1, a unit of four or five

bases is +2 and so on.

Strongpoint

Certain buildings sectors may be designated a strongpoint by a scenario. Strongpoints are

fortified buildings that have been prepared by the defenders. Historical examples include the

granary at Aspern-Essling, and Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte at Waterloo. Strongpoints

are also by definition both dense terrain and hard cover.

Officers and hits

If a unit takes hits then any attached officer is killed immediately if he fails his saving throw.

If a unit is destroyed then any attached officer is killed immediately; he gets no saving throw.

The saving throw is equal to 12 minus the number of hits taken by the unit. If the player rolls

higher than this number, the officer is killed. Hence an officer attached to a unit that has

taken 3 hits must roll 9 or less to survive. An 11 or a 12 is always a failure; a Huzzah! always

succeeds.

On a Huzzah! (double one), the officer leads a charmed life and his next saving throw

automatically succeeds.

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OFFICER MOVEMENT

Movement of officer figures allows players to optimise the position of officers for the next

Orders phase by keeping their formations entirely in command. Officers can also attach

themselves to units to enhance the unit's chances of rallying, to spur it on in engagements, or

to prepare for the next turn to give a boost during the Orders phase.

In this phase an army's officers can, in any order desired:

• Move up to 60cm; or

• Attach to or detach from a brigade under their command.

An officer cannot:

• Detach from one unit and then attach to another.

Movement

Officers can move up to 60cm regardless of intervening terrain or the presence of friendly

units. Officers cannot move through enemy troops or through gaps that would bring thefigures representing them into contact with enemy troops.

Attach/detach

An officer attaches himself by placing the figure that represents him in contact with a friendlyunit that is within his movement allowance. Attached officers subsequently move with their

unit, not during this phase.

Attached officers can issue orders only to the unit to which they are attached. A unit with an

officer attached can only receive and act on orders from the attached officer. It cannot receive

or act on orders issued by other officers (even the CinC).

An officer detaches from a unit by placing the figure that represents him so that it is just out

of contact with and behind the centre of the unit. The officer can then move up to his

movement allowance. He cannot attach to another unit until next turn.

Officers cannot begin the game attached to a unit.

Officer casualties

An enemy unit that contacts a officer in the Orders phase captures him (the figure is

removed) unless there is a non-routing unit in his command within his command radius, in

which case he immediately attaches himself to the nearest such unit.

An attached officer is killed and the figure removed immediately if the unit he is attached to

takes hits and he fails his saving throw (see Firing and Combat).

Officers attached to routing units are moved to the Rout Table with the unit when it is

removed from the battlefield (see Rallying). Officers on the Rout Table cannot re-enter play

until the unit they are attached to rallies.

Appoint replacement officer (new rule)

The CinC can appoint a replacement officer to replace one killed or captured in a previousturn. Only the CinC can appoint officers: no new officers can be appointed if the CinC has

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been killed or captured. The ability to appoint a replacement officer works like an order andis issued during Orders & Movement like any other order.

Roll 2D6: the appointment succeeds if the result is equal to or less than the Command Factor

of the CinC. The replacement officer figure is placed next to the CinC. The new officer can

move in this turn’s Officer Movement phase and can issue orders from next turn; if the CinCrolls Huzzah! on his appointment order, the new officer can issue orders starting this turn,

assuming that the CinC doesn’t fail an order and therefore end all orders and movement. If

the CinC gets a Huzzah! result he can also elect to appoint another officer automatically,

although doing so ends the Orders & Movement phase.

Roll to determine the quality of the officer as usual using the Army Lists.

The CinC can make as many appointments as his luck holds good for, with each appointment

counting as a successive order. The CinC cannot appoint officers while attached to a unit.

The opposing player immediately gains victory points equal to the value of the replacementofficer. If a replacement officer is killed or captured, the opposing player will again score

points equal to the value of that officer.

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RALLYING & REFORMING

All routing units on the phasing player's side must attempt to restore order by rallying. All

disordered units on the phasing player's side must attempt to restore order by reforming.

All routing units must try to rally before any disordered units can try to reform.

Note: Disordered units no longer have the ability to reform automatically by spending a turn

doing nothing.

Procedure

The ability of a unit to rally or reform depends on its Morale Factor.

Quality Morale Factor

Veteran 10

Experienced 9

Trained 8

Green 7

Raw 6

Unreliable 5

Modify each unit's Morale Factor as follows:

–1 for each base lost from original strength

–1 if within one move of an enemy unit

+1 if disordered but not routing, unless moved or fired+1 if out of range of the enemy

+1 if an officer is attached+1 if an inspirational officer is attached

Roll 2D6 for each unit: it succeeds if the result is less than or equal to the modified score. It

fails if the result is higher. A unit can have a maximum modified Morale Factor of 10 and a

minimum modified Morale Factor of 2. A roll of 11 or 12 always fails. A Huzzah! (double

one) always succeeds, and the unit gains the Grognards ability if it does not already have it; if

it already has the Grognards ability, it gains the Disciplined ability.

Routing units

Routing troops that rally immediately halt facing the enemy and assume whichever allowable

formation they wish.

Basic rule: Any routing unit that fails to rally is immediately removed from the battlefield.

Attached officers are removed with them and a new officer must be appointed by the CinC inthe orders phase.



the battlefield. It is treated as if it had routed and gets one last chance to rally in its next rally phase: if it fails to rally it is immediately removed from play. A routing unit that fails to rally

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and that is surrounded by enemy units, or by enemy units and impassable terrain is brokenand immediately removed from play: it does not have a last chance to rally at the battlefield’s

edge.

Disordered units

Disordered units can reform only after all attempts have been made to rally routing units.

Represent disordered units by staggering the unit’s bases.

Disordered units reform into their previous formation. They cannot change formation or

rearrange their bases within their current formation.

Hits

Remove any remaining hits on units on both sides. Hits do not carry over between turns.

Fire markers

Remove all puffs of smoke from all units on both sides.

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OTHER RULES

TERRAIN

General effects of terrainUnits that encounter a change in terrain move at a rate appropriate to that terrain for the

remaining proportion of their move.

Open ground

Open terrain or open ground is flat, lightly sloping or rolling land with few features, such as pastures and fields of crops. Open terrain has no effect on movement.

Hills

Hills are either gentle or steep. Represent gentle slopes with a single-contour hill and steep

slopes using a two-contour hill. Steep slopes are not common on battlefields, although are

typical of Wellingtonian positions in the Peninsula.

Gentle slopes halve the movement of all troops

Steep slopes quarter the movement of all troops.

Hill ridges of isolated hills are assumed to run midway along the hill hot-cross-bun style from

front to back and from one side to the other. Long hills, however, may have only a single

ridge running along their entire length.

Hill ridges block fire from reserve artillery at targets positioned beyond the ridge. Hill ridges

block line of sight for the purposes of firing. Hill ridges are treated as a contour for the

purposes of dead ground.

Units cannot fire on troops in dead ground, but can fire on troops in front of and beyond deadground (including the back of formations if their front bases are in dead ground). Dead

ground is defined as a 10cm band beneath and round each contour to which a unit is not

adjacent. A unit on a ridge therefore has dead ground on each contour below it; on a steep hill

with contours less than 10cm apart its field of effect will be somewhat restricted. A unit

adjacent to the lowest contour (that is, on the edge of the hill) does not suffer from dead

ground. Note that dead ground works uphill as well as down: units in dead ground cannot fire

uphill to targets on the next contour.

Broken ground

Broken ground is rocky, irregular terrain. It is impassable to all troops except Skirmish andIrregular infantry. Broken ground blocks line of sight to units that are beyond it and that are

on the same elevation.

Woods

Woodland is either light woodland, such as orchards or open copses, or heavy woodland,

with densely packed trees or heavy undergrowth. Both light and heavy woodland are dense

terrain and count as soft cover. The recommended area for a woodland sector is about 15cm

by 15cm. Form large woods by using adjacent sectors of woodland, and form densewoodland in a large wood by using smaller sectors.

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Units can enter woodland only by deploying into it. See rules on dense terrain. Units that are

deployed in woodland can advance from sector to sector, yet remain deployed within the new

sector.

Rivers and streamsRivers and streams are either fordable or impassable. Designated fords and bridges allow

units to cross impassable rivers at specific points, see Bridges and Fords. A designated ford is

not the same as a river that is fordable along its length (think of a designated ford as a narrow,

wet bridge).

All units must stop on contacting a river or stream and can cross a fordable river or stream on

a subsequent order, moving at half rate.

Hedges

Hedges are soft cover. All units must stop on contacting a hedge and can cross only on a

subsequent order, moving at half rate. Cavalry cannot initiate engagements across hedgesunless such obstacles are designated otherwise.

Walls and redoubts

Walls and redoubts are hard cover. All units must stop on contacting a wall or redoubt andcan cross only on a subsequent order, moving at half rate.

Cavalry cannot initiate combats across walls or redoubts unless such obstacles are designated

otherwise.

Sunken roads

Sunken roads are linear obstacles. All units must stop on contacting a sunken road and can

cross only on a subsequent advance order, moving at half rate.

Units moving along, not across, a sunken road can do so freely provided they are in roadcolumn.

Cavalry cannot initiate combats across sunken roads unless such obstacles are designated

otherwise.

Difficult terrain

Cliff faces, lakes, marshes, wolf pits, and rivers in flood are difficult terrain. They are usuallyimpassable. Marshes or terrain with wolf pits may be designated as passable by a scenario,with units moving through them at half rate. Wolf pits are small pits with sharpened stakes in

them, typically positioned in front of redoubts.

Bridges and fords (to illustrate with example)

Bridges and fords (as opposed to a river that is fordable along its length) are narrow

obstacles. They are treated as two-area terrain features, one area on each side of the river or

stream, meeting at the middle of the bridge: depending on the initial point on the view of the

unit, these sectors are called the near-bank and far-bank sectors.

A unit that is adjacent to a bridge or ford sector (near-bank) can deploy into and occupy thatsector, similar to the rules for dense terrain. On a subsequent advance order it can move into

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the far-bank sector, counting as if it is deployed within it. On a subsequent deploy order it canleave the far-bank sector in line of battle formation, provided it remains adjacent to the terrain

sector. It can form road column on leaving the sector only if a road forms part of the terrain

adjacent to the bridge or ford. A unit that deploys out of a far bank sector after crossing the

bridge cannot make contact with the enemy: it can only do so on a subsequent advance order.

Bridge or ford sectors are not dense terrain, unless they also form part of buildings or woods.

Bridges and fords are simply handled like dense terrain for the passage of units across them.

A bridge or ford sector is contested if an enemy unit is adjacent to it. For example, a near-

bank sector is contested if the enemy holds the far-bank sector. A unit that is adjacent to acontested near-bank sector can deploy into that sector and engage in combat against the unit

in the far-bank sector.

Bridges and fords are constricted, not open, terrain. Attackers receive no bonus for charging

across them.

Units with the Pioneers ability can lay temporary bridges to cross rivers and streams. Once

laid they remain in place.

Roads

Roads offer a movement advantage only to units in road column that follow their route. Units

in road column or units that are one base strong can move along a road, following its twists

and turns without the need for a manoeuvre order.

Buildings

Buildings represent groups of buildings, such as villages, towns, and walled manors and

farmhouses. All buildings provide hard cover and are dense terrain. Buildings are best

represented on the battlefield by square sectors. A sector represents one large building and

outhouses or a group of many smaller buildings. The recommended area for a buildings

sector is about 15cm by 15cm.

Units can occupy buildings only by deploying into them. See rules on dense terrain.

Some buildings may be defined by scenario as a strongpoint. A strongpoint is a building or

group of buildings that have been specially prepared by the defender. Strongpoints are by

definition both hard cover and dense terrain. Historical strongpoints include the Granary at

Aspern-Essling, and Hougoumont and La Haye Sainte at Waterloo.

Terrain notes

Woods and buildings are best represented by a terrain base on which removable model treesor buildings are placed. Models can be added or removed as necessary to accommodate units,

with the base defining the size of the woods or buildings sector. The easiest way to represent

sectors of dense terrain is to use a single model tree or building at each corner of the sector,

leaving the centre of the sector clear for troops.

Although they are out of scale compared with the size of the figures, 6mm buildings are more

suited to 10mm and 15mm figures: they can occupy the central square of a terrain base,

allowing up to eight bases of figures to fit around them, or be used to mark the corners ofterrain sectors.

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Dense terrain

Dense terrain is either woodland or buildings. It can also represent areas of mixed woodland

and buildings, such as farms and orchards. A sector of dense terrain that includes buildings is

always treated as hard cover; a sector that consists only of woodland is treated as soft cover.Buildings and woodlands alike are treated as sectors that are either occupied or unoccupied:

the best size for sectors is about 15cm by 15cm, although they can be irregular shapes.

A unit that moves into contact with dense terrain immediately stops in contact with but

outside the terrain.

Units of infantry or of infantry with attached divisional artillery can occupy dense terrain –

woods and buildings – on a Deploy order provided that the unit is touching the sector and

that the sector is unoccupied. For convenience, mark the sector as occupied by leaving one

base within it and keep the others off table.

Units are assumed to deploy part of their strength in the sector, with the rest in reserve or in

support. Attached divisional artillery is assumed to be outside the sector acting in support of

its unit. Units with divisional artillery do not get the firing bonus for attached artillery while

firing at targets in adjacent sectors of dense terrain.

A unit that is deployed in dense terrain can fire out of any side of that sector using its full

strength in bases, but receives modifiers for every three full bases, not every two. Occupants

of sectors attacked on more than one side can fire at only one charging unit.

A unit that is deployed in dense terrain is engaged if the front of any enemy unit touches anyface of that sector. A unit deployed in a sector of dense terrain has no flank or rear.

Cavalry and reserve artillery cannot deploy into buildings or sectors that contain buildings,

nor can they charge into contact with enemy units in buildings. Reserve artillery and close

order cavalry cannot deploy into woodland, nor can they charge into contact with enemy

units in woodland. Irregular cavalry (Cossacks) can deploy into and occupy woodland, and

can charge (advance) into contact with enemy units deployed in woodland.

Units deployed in dense terrain can move into and occupy an adjacent sector of dense terrain

on a successful Advance order. The sector only has to be adjacent: a unit that is in dense

terrain can move in any direction on an Advance order because it has no flank or rear.

An infantry unit in the open can deploy into a contested sector of dense terrain (one to which

an enemy unit is adjacent). This is the one exception to the rule that only Advance orders can

be used to make contact with the enemy. A unit that deploys into contested dense terrain does

not count as charging in combat.

Units that are deployed in dense terrain need a Deploy order to exit the terrain into open

ground. A unit that tries to move into open ground from any side of the terrain other than the

one by which it entered receives a –1 to the order. A unit that deploys out of dense terraininto the open cannot make contact with an enemy unit except on a subsequent Advance order.

If insufficient space exists because of the presence of enemy units, an exiting unit can still

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move out of the dense terrain. Temporarily move the terrain (or reduce it in size by movingthe corner markers) so there is slightly more than a base depth between the enemy and the

terrain (i.e. about 5cm for units on 4cm deep bases). The exiting unit is arranged in the gap

between the terrain and the enemy, and remains in contact with the terrain but out of contact

with the enemy. It can have no greater frontage than the terrain it left – temporarily place any

spare bases off board (they do not count as support ranks, but still count as part of thestrength of the unit). No part of the exiting unit can remain within the dense terrain. After the

exiting unit is clear of the terrain, restore the terrain to its former shape and size and restore

any bases that were temporarily removed from the unit.

A non-routing infantry unit whose force back move takes it into but not beyond unoccupieddense terrain automatically deploys into that terrain. It remains disordered and cannot reform

until next turn. Routing units that enter unoccupied dense terrain sector take one additional

hit, and do not count as deployed within that sector. Routing units that enter a sector of dense

terrain that is occupied by a friendly unit take one additional hit and disorder the friendly

unit: the routers are positioned adjacent to and beyond the sector if their rout movement

would leave them in the sector. Routing units that enter a sector of dense terrain that isoccupied by an enemy unit are captured and immediately removed.

In short, units need a Deploy order to enter dense terrain from open ground, and a Deploy

order to enter open ground from dense terrain. While in dense terrain, units can move between sectors in any direction on an Advance order and still count as deployed in dense

terrain.

(Note: This change allows commands whose units are split between dense terrain and open

ground to advance on the same order.)

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REINFORCEMENTS

The turn before reinforcements are due, the officers of the appropriate commands enter the

battlefield on the Officer Movement phase, moving up to their full movement allowance. The

next turn, they can try to order their commands onto the battlefield by issuing an advance

order. Officers whose troops are due to arrive on the first turn are placed on the battlefield atthe start of the game. A player who forgets to place officers during the Officer Movement

phase cannot, therefore, issue orders to the reinforcements they control: the officer can enter

on a following Officer Movement phase.

Troops ordered onto the battlefield are in the command radius of their officer provided thattheir designated entry point is within the command radius of their officer.

Unless specified otherwise in a scenario, reinforcements can enter a battlefield on a broad

front. This front is defined as any part of the edge of the table that is within the command

radius of the ordering officer. Hence officers close to the point of entry are able to order

reinforcements onto the table on a broad front; officers at the limit of their command radiuscan order troops onto the table on only a narrow front.

Officers who place the entry point of their troops beyond their command radius are able to

order units onto the battlefield only at the exact, designated point of entry – they musttherefore arrive one unit behind another in road column.

A player can choose to delay the arrival of reinforcements. Each turn that reinforcements are

voluntarily delayed gives a +1 to the orders roll to advance onto the battlefield.

If more than one command is due to arrive on the same turn at the same point, the player

must choose which command to order first. If that command fails to arrive, it blocks the

arrival point for any other commands due to enter there. A player's choice of which command

to bring on first cannot be changed on subsequent turns. A command that fails to enter the

battlefield can therefore block not only other reinforcements due to arrive that turn, but alsoreinforcements that are due to arrive on subsequent turns.

Reinforcements that are blocked do not get any orders bonus for their delayed entry – their

delay is not voluntary. Reinforcements that are delayed because a player forgot to place

officers during a preceding turn also gain no bonus for their delayed entry.

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TERMINOLOGY AND EXPLANATIONS

Huzzah! Glorious Empires uses a number of terms common to wargames. They are explained

in this section rather than have them intrude on the bulk of the rules. Once their definitions

are known and understood, the need to refer to them will diminish.

Unit formations

Line/line of battle

Line (or, in full, line of battle) is the usual formation for a unit. All bases of a unit are

typically arranged in one line with their flanks touching each other and all facing the samedirection. Only bases in the front line can fire. Players can arrange bases to form secondary

lines in the same unit. Each full line of bases that matches the front rank in size counts as one

support rank (hence, a unit arranged two by two has one support rank). A unit in line of battle

must have a width of at least two bases if it comprises two or more bases.

The positioning within a unit of marker bases, such as divisional artillery, is irrelevant. Theyare markers that indicate abilities, not actual positions of, for example, the guns.

A unit of only one base is treated as if it were in line. Such a unit, however, can move freely

along roads as if it were in road column: it does not have to change formation.

Road column

A thin, long formation used to march along roads. Road columns are always one base wide

and as many bases as the brigade contains deep. Road columns on a road can follow its route

without requiring manoeuvre orders. Road column in any terrain other than roads use the line

of battle movement rate, not the road column rate.

A unit in road column that engages the enemy in combat is immediately disordered. Apply

the disorder before resolving combat. A disordered road column will therefore rout if an

enemy unit engages it in combat.

Square

Only infantry or mixed infantry and divisional artillery units can form square. A unit in

square forms in line of battle, with alternate bases facing backwards. Irregular infantry cannot

form square. Squares cannot move.

Unit situations

Contact

Units that physically touch are in contact. A unit can advance to engage an enemy unit andmake contact using its entire front, part of its front or one of its front corners. Units are

squared up on contact.

Line of sight

Line of sight is simply having a clear field of view to a target, unobstructed by any other unit

or terrain feature. Line of sight must exist along the whole front of a firing unit to its target,

but the firer need see only one whole base edge of a target to be able to fire. Only a number

of bases equal to those that can be seen can be removed as casualties.

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Terrain features at the same elevation block line of sight to targets that are both beyond and below them. Terrain features at a higher elevation block line of sight to all targets that are

beyond them. Note that troops on the forward slope of hills are clearly not beyond the terrain

feature (the ridge line determines which troops are beyond the feature).

Hill ridges are treated as contours for the purposes of dead ground. Hill ridges block the lineof sight of reserve artillery to units positioned behind the ridge. Ridge lines do not block line

of sight of infantry or infantry with divisional artillery, unless dead ground is also involved.

Short range

A unit is at short range if the distance between it and the firer is at or under half range.

Orders

Successive orders

The more a group or unit is ordered to do, the more fatigue and battlefield confusion increase,

hampering the ability of officers to control it, hence this penalty. It is not unusual to issue twoor even three orders successfully to a unit or command each turn. The penalty for

successively issued orders applies only to orders given in the same turn.

Dense terrain

It is hard to deliver comprehensible orders to commands in terrain such as woods, buildings,

ruins and marshes. If any unit in a group being ordered has one or more bases in dense

terrain, then the whole group suffers this penalty. By ordering units individually, it is possible

to avoid terrain penalties that may apply to the command group, although extra rolls may be

required.

Inspirational officer

Certain officers, particularly in certain scenarios, may be rated as inspirational. Such officers

have an ability to motivate men, and therefore whenever such an officer gives an order to

advance (not retire, deploy or manoeuvre) then he receives a +1 to his command rating.

Command radius

The command radius is simply the distance over which orders are delivered most efficiently

by an officer and his staff. Better officers have better staff: well-mounted, active and

courageous ADCs, who will ride through a hail of shot to deliver an order. Not everyone has

a Marbot, though.

Command radius reflects the speed at which staff act on orders once received. In effect,reducing processing time at divisional or corps HQs gives ADCs more time to ride and

allows them to cover greater distances in a set time. So an excellent officer has a biggercommand radius than an average officer to reflect that orders are handled promptly and

ADCs dispatched as soon as possible. Poor officers are slow to understand and process

orders, and in a set time their ADCs will travel shorter distances.

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Combat

Engaged to flank or rear

A unit is engaged to its flank or rear if the front of an enemy is in contact with that unit's

flank or rear. Units are squared up on contact. Chargers are squared up with the closest

visible face of the enemy.

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Abilities

Disciplined

Units that are disciplined are exceptionally well drilled. A disciplined unit can either

manoeuvre or deploy, as if receiving a manoeuvre or deploy order, after winning a combat

before following up.

Grognards

Units that have or acquire the grognards ability ignore the first –1 of any modifiers in morale

tests, waver tests or combat. They lose the grognards ability if they rout.

Hesitant

A command group that contains or consists of hesitant units receives a –1 to advance orders ifthe hesitant units are within one move of the enemy (either the hesitant unit’s move or the

enemy unit’s move). Hesitant units cannot follow up after a combat unless they win the

combat with a Huzzah! result (double one) or the enemy routs.

Impulsive

Impulsive units that are within one advance move of the enemy at the start of their Orders

and Movement phase must charge that enemy. They do not require orders to do so, but cannot

change formation and will charge even if disordered. Impulsive units in square cannot moveand therefore cannot charge the enemy. Impulsive units that win a combat must always

follow up.

Irregular

The Irregular ability denotes troops that operated in loose formations or open order. No

matter how their bases are arranged, such troops are always treated as if they were Irregulars.

They receive bonuses when fired at and when engaged in dense terrain.

Open Order

Open Order troops are units that are not in close order. The term has a special meaning in the

first edition of Huzzah!, but is replaced in this edition by Skirmish or Irregular.

Pioneers

Pioneeers include companies of pioneers, engineers or sappers. A base of pioneers can be

bought as part of an army using the points system and attached to an infantry unit, to which

it confers the pioneers ability.

A unit with pioneers can cross unfordable rivers and streams, treating them as if they had a

bridge (see Bridges & Fords, page xx).

A unit with pioneers can cross impassable walls and hedges by creating a breach. A breach is

treated like a bridge, (see Bridges & Fords) with near-side and far-side sector.

A bridge or breach, as appropriate, is placed where the unit crosses the obstacle. A bridge

created by a unit with Pioneers can be removed by a unit with Pioneers on a Deploy order.Breaches cannot be removed!

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In combat, a unit that has the Pioneers ability ignores the –1 for fighting an opponent in hard

cover. If a unit with the Pioneers ability loses a combat against an opponent in hard cover,

however, it loses the Pioneers ability.

Indicate the Pioneers ability by replacing one base of infantry in a brigade with a base of

sapper figures. The Pioneers base is a marker base: its position within the brigade has no

relevance.

Renown

Units with the Renown ability are particularly fearsome in some way. Renowned artillery

counts as renowned only at short range. Renown counts against enemies in an engagement and

in morale tests.

Resilient

Resilient units are tough to destroy. They have 1 extra hit per base. For example, resilient

cavalry has 3 hits per base, rather than 2 hits per base.

Skirmish

Some units have the ability Skirmish. If they are not disordered, they can deploy one or more

bases to reinforce the skirmish line. A unit with the Skirmish ability can deploy all of its

bases to reinforce the skirmish line. Bases deployed into the skirmish line cannot rejoin their

parent brigades. Deployed skirmish bases are removed from play – they do not count as

losses. A unit that is deployed in its entirety to the skirmish line cannot be reformed; if it is

the only unit in a division, its divisional officer is removed from play (the opposing player

does not get victory points).

Units with the Skirmish ability receive a bonus in combat when engaged in dense terrain.

Units with the Skirmish ability can comprise only bases of light infantry or skirmishers to

indicate this ability.

Skirmish Limited

Some brigades have the ability Skirmish Limited. If they are not disordered, they can deploy

one base to reinforce the skirmish line, provided that doing so does not reduce them to one base. Bases deployed into the skirmish line cannot rejoin their parent brigades. Deployed

skirmish bases are removed from play – they do not count as losses.

Indicate the Skirmish Limited ability by replacing a base of infantry with a marker base of

skirmishers within the brigade. The position of the skirmishers within the brigade has no

relevance.

Units with the Skirmish Limited ability do not get a bonus when in combat in dense terrain.

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WINNING THE GAME

A scenario may specify the number of turns that a battle lasts, or a set time for play (such as

three or four hours after set-up), otherwise the battle lasts a random number of turns. Roll 2d6

to determine the battle length: add 3 to any result of 7 or less, and subtract 3 from any result

of 11 or more. If a Huzzah! is rolled, reroll and add 1. The result is the maximum number ofturns, from 6 to 12, that a battle lasts.

After the last turn, each player scores points for each of the opponent’s bases that have been

eliminated, captured or are routing or on the rout table, and for objectives held at the end of

the game. A player also scores points for replacement officers appointed by an opponentduring the game (see Officer Movement, page xx).

All captured, eliminated or routing bases cost the full points value according to the Army

Lists. Guns and officers are therefore very expensive losses.

The side that scores the most points is the winner. If a side scores up to half as much again asits opponent, it is a marginal victory. If a side scores twice as many points as its opponent, it

wins a decisive victory.

For example, an Imperial French army for 1805-1806 loses the following:

Losses Points

12 x bases of infantry @ 80 points per base 960

1 x base of divisional artillery @ 170 points

per base

170

4 x bases of cavalry @ 90 points per base 3601 x divisional general @ 120 points (not

replaced)

120

Total: 1,610

Its opponent, a Prussian army for 1806 loses the following:

Losses Points

8 x bases of infantry @ 55 points per base 440

4 x bases of grenadiers @ 80 points 360

2 x bases of fusiliers @ 75 points 1502 x bases battle cavalry @ 125 points 250

Total: 1,200

The Prussian player scores 1,610 and the French player scores 1,200, and the Prussian

therefore wins a marginal victory.

If the battle involved objectives, however, for example, a town worth 500 points, and thePrussian player held the town on the last turn, the scores would be 2,110 to the Prussians and

1,200 to the French. The Prussians would have needed to score 2,400 points to win a decisive

victory.

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Documents

Huzzah V6.4