Embed Size (px)
Citation preview
HVDC Interconnectors – Benefits and Challenges
Electric Power Control Center Workshop
Ole Gjerde
Bled, Slovenia 18th May 2015
Content of Presentation
• Background
• Experience
• Benefits
• Challenges
• Future
The future is electric
A Changing Power System
The future is electric
Experiencies with HVDC Interconnectors
• 1976 Skagerrak 1 (250 MW)
• 1977 Skagerrak 2 (250 MW)
• 1993 Skagerrak 3 (500 MW)
• 2008 NorNed (700 MW)
• 2014 Skagerrak 4 (700 MW)
• 2019 NordLink (1400 MW)
• 2021 NSN Link (1400 MW)
The future is electric
The Cable Laying Vessel C/S Skagerrak
The future is electric
3 key arguments for interconnectors
The future is electric
Prepares the move from fossil fuel consumption to
renewable energy consumption
Increased security of supply
The NordLink project
The future is electric
Linking Norway and Germany
The NSN Link Project
The future is electric
Linking Norway and Great Britain
The Technology
The future is electric
Benefits of Interconnectors
• Congestion rent
• Producer surplus
• Consumer surplus
• Day ahead trade
• Capacity mechanism
• Trade of ancillary services
The future is electric
Example benefits Germany-Norway
The future is electric
Challenges in HVDC Interconnector projects
• Technical
• Commercial
• Environmental
• Regulatory
The future is electric
Technical Challenges - HVDC Interconnector
The future is electric
Technical concept and solutions:
Converters and converter stations
Cable including submarine installations and protection
Crossings
Underground cable
Challenging Nature – Steep Walls at Landfall for Cable
The future is electric
Challenging Weather Conditions
The future is electric
Challenges of Interconnectors
• Market integration results in harmonized
market prices
• Results in change of flow on all
interconnectors at the same time (same
turn of the hour)
• Gives a ramping challenge for the
operation
The future is electric
Challenges with new Interconnectors
• Interconnector capacity for South Norway
increases from 2400 to 5200 MW
• For a full change of flow direction this
means a change of up to 10400 MW
• The change adds on to the morning and
evening peak
The future is electric
1400 M
W
1400 M
W
3700 MW 3700 MW
Existing interconnector
Future interconnector
Ramping Challenges
The future is electric
Rate of change of flow on interconnectors:
• For the market; change from one hour to the next (Present Nordic limit: 600 MW/h)
• In operation (Present Nordic: 30MW/min, from 10 min before to 10 min after hour shift)
Possible alternatives to manage ramping with new interconnectors:
1. Higher hourly ramp rate
2. Continuous ramping (use of the hour)
3. Optimize ramping constraints in the market coupling
algorithm
A solution will probably be a combination of alternatives
The new Cable Links - Effect on the grid in Norway – Export mode
The future is electric
Change in
flow
direction
and volume
NSN –Cable England - Norway
The future is electric
Challenges in Cable Submarine Installation
The future is electric
Installation configuration
Single cables in Norwegian
and Danish waters
Cable bundled in German sector
Example NordLink - Project Overview
The future is electric
1400 MW at +/- 515 kV DC
VSC converter technology
Grid connection points
−Tonstad (NO)
−Wilster (DE) Schleswig-Holstein
Cable
514 km submarine cable route
55 km underground cable route
in Germany
53km Overhead line in Norway
Investment 1,5-2 billion €
This is how we do it
The future is electric
Proposed European off-shore Supergrid
The future is electric
Source: B. Andersen,
Cigre SC B4, 2011
One conceptual plan of a super grid
The future is electric
Linking renewable sources across North Africa, the Middle East and Europe. (Source: DESERTEC)
Thank You for
Your Attention!
The future is electric
