HVSIA ANNUAL MEETING PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA ...hvsia.com/uploads/cms/documents/16to17oct03docs/Appendix...US Army Corps of Engineers Dr. Vincent Janoo Research Civil Engineer ERDC/CRREL

Engineer Research and Development CenterUS Army Corpsof Engineers

HVSIAANNUAL MEETING

PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICAOCTOBER 16 – 17, 2003


Dr. Vincent JanooDr. Vincent JanooResearch Civil EngineerResearch Civil Engineer

ERDC/CRRELERDC/CRREL72 72 LymeLyme RoadRoad

Hanover, NH, USA 03755Hanover, NH, USA [email protected]@erdc.usace.army.mil

603 646 4702/4207603 646 4702/4207603 646 4843 (FAX)603 646 4843 (FAX)

`603 359 0402 (CELL)``603 359 0402 (CELL)`


US Army Engineer Research and Development Center

US Army Engineer Research and Development Center

Cold Regions Research andEngineering Laboratory

Hanover, New Hampshire

Cold Regions Research andCold Regions Research andEngineering LaboratoryEngineering Laboratory

Hanover, New HampshireHanover, New Hampshire

Construction Engineering Research Laboratory

Champaign, Illinois

Construction Engineering Construction Engineering Research LaboratoryResearch Laboratory

Champaign, IllinoisChampaign, Illinois

Environmental LaboratoryCoastal and Hydraulics Laboratory

Information Technology LaboratoryGeotechnical & Structures Laboratory

Vicksburg, Mississippi

Environmental LaboratoryEnvironmental LaboratoryCoastal and Hydraulics LaboratoryCoastal and Hydraulics Laboratory

Information Technology LaboratoryInformation Technology LaboratoryGeotechnical & Structures LaboratoryGeotechnical & Structures Laboratory

Vicksburg, MississippiVicksburg, Mississippi

Topographic Engineering CenterFort Belvoir, Virginia

Topographic Engineering CenterTopographic Engineering CenterFort Fort BelvoirBelvoir, Virginia, Virginia


Pavement/Geotechnical Testing Facility

Pavement/Geotechnical Pavement/Geotechnical Testing FacilityTesting Facility


Heavy Vehicle SimulatorWheel Load ………………… 20 – 100 kN roadway

Up to 200 kN airfieldTest Wheel …………………. Single, Dual or AircraftTire Pressure ………………. 550 – 757 kPa on roads;

up to 1450 kPa on airfieldsRepetitions, Per Hour ……. 600 (uni-directional)Trafficked Length …………. Approximately 7 mTrafficked Width …………… Variable up to 1.5 mTrafficked Pattern …………. VariablePower ……………………….. Electric


Current Work with the HVSCurrent Work with the HVS

•• SubgradeSubgrade failure failure criteria criteria (Janoo/Cortez).(Janoo/Cortez).

•• Reinstatement of Reinstatement of utility cuts utility cuts (Cortez/Janoo).(Cortez/Janoo).

•• Stress and strain Stress and strain response in thawing response in thawing soils (Janoo)soils (Janoo)


0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

Load Repetition

Fai

lure

Stra

in (m

m/m

m)

Asphalt Institute

Shell (50%

Subgrade Failure CriteriaSubgrade Failure Criteria

BackgroundBackground


•• HypothesisHypothesis•• The subgrade failure criteria is a The subgrade failure criteria is a

function of soil type and moisture function of soil type and moisture contentcontent

•• Study involved the Danish Road Study involved the Danish Road Institute, Finnish VTT, FHWA, COE, Institute, Finnish VTT, FHWA, COE, Cornell University & Minnesota DOTCornell University & Minnesota DOT


0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0.00010.0010.010.1110100

Grain Size (mm)Grain Size (mm)

Perc

ent F

iner

Perc

ent F

iner

A-2-4A-4A-6A-7-6


75 mm AC75 mm AC

229 mm Base

3 m Subgrade3 m Subgrade


InstrumentationInstrumentationInstrumentation Stress CellsStress Cells

Coil Gages (Strain)Coil Gages (Strain)

TemperatureTemperature

Moisture SensorsMoisture Sensors


Summary of MeasurementsSummary of Measurements

•• HVS LoadHVS Load•• Number of load repetitionsNumber of load repetitions•• InIn--situ moisturessitu moistures•• InIn--situ temperaturessitu temperatures•• Transient Vertical, Longitudinal & Transverse Transient Vertical, Longitudinal & Transverse

subgradesubgrade stressesstresses•• Transient Vertical, Longitudinal & Transverse Transient Vertical, Longitudinal & Transverse

strainsstrains•• Permanent deformation (strains)Permanent deformation (strains)•• Surface Rut DepthsSurface Rut Depths


Typical Stress MeasurementsTypical Stress Measurements

-45

-40

-35

-30

-25

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5

Time (seconds)

Tran

sien

t stre

ss (k

Pa)

VerticalLongitudinalTransverse

CL Subgrade40 kN load


Typical Strain MeasurementsTypical Strain Measurements

-3000

-2500

-2000

-1500

-1000

-500

0

500

1000

1500

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5

Time (sec)

Tran

sien

t Stra

in (m

icro

stra

in)

VerticalLongitudinalTransverse

CL Subgrade40 kN load


0

2

4

6

8

10

12

0 5 10 15 20 25

Longitudinal Position

Surf

ace

rut d

epth

(mm

)

N = 500

N = 10000

N = 25000

N = 50000

Longitudinal rut measurements

703C2

-20

-15

-10

-5

0

5

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500

Transverse distance (mm)

Surf

ace

Def

orm

atio

n (m

m)

N = 500

N = 5000

N = 51400

N = 149614

701C2 - Position 8


0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

Load Repetition

Lim

iting

Stra

in (m

m/m

m)

Asphalt InstituteShell (50% Reliability)A-4 (optimum - 15.5%)A-4 (19.9%)A-2-4 (optimum - 9%)A-2-4 (15%)

% in parenthesis is the mean subgrade moisture content

LAST YEAR


0.0001

0.001

0.01

0.1

1 10 100 1000 10000 100000 1000000 10000000

Load Repetition

Fai

lure

Stra

in (m

m/m

m)

Asphalt InstituteShell (50% Reliability)A-4 (optimum - 15.5%)A-4 (19.9%)A-4 (23%)A-2-4 (optimum - 9%)A-2-4 (12%)A-2-4 (15%)A-6 (19%)A-6 (22%)

% in paranthesis is the mean subgrade moisture t t


THE DO LISTTHE DO LIST

•• Finish database of test resultsFinish database of test results•• Begin modeling effortBegin modeling effort•• Finish CH test sections.Finish CH test sections.

•• (complete testing next summer)(complete testing next summer)


FROM APT THEORETICAL

SUBGRADEMODEL

DEVELOPMENT

DANISH RTM20 km/hour

CRREL12 km/hour

A-4SUBGRADE

A-2-4A-4A-6

A-7-6SUBGRADESOPTIMUM

DENSITY &MOISTURECONTENT EACH

SUBGRADESOIL AT 3

MOISTURECONTENTS

DATACOLLECTED

STRESSSTRAINFWDSURFACEPROFILE

DRUCKER-PRAGERMODEL

MODIFIEDPREVOSTMODEL

MATERIALPROPERTIES

CORNELL U(ELASTIC)

FHWA/UMD(SHEAR/PLASTIC)

PREDICTIONS

ELASTIC STRAINS vs LOAD CYCLESPLASTIC STRAINS vs LOAD CYCLESSTRESS vs LOAD CYCLESSTRESS/STRAIN INVARIANTS vsLOAD CYCLES

ELASTIC STRAINS vs LOAD CYCLESPLASTIC STRAINS vs LOAD CYCLESSTRESS vs LOAD CYCLESSTRESS/STRAIN INVARIANTS vs LOADCYCLES

VALIDATE

FIELD VALIDATION

EFFECT OF SPEED

MNROAD

PRELIMINARYSUBGRADE

MODEL

SUBGRADEFAILUREMODEL

MOHR-COULOMB

CRREL (AdditionalMaterial properties)

Track 1 Track 2

Completed

(FundamentalApproach)

TTI results (Shear, Resilient)

UMD data (Shear)Cornell data

(Resilient)Other ?

Permanent deformation for all cyclesf(moisture content,

soil type)


REINSTATEMENT OF UTILITY CUTSREINSTATEMENT OF UTILITY CUTS


•• Funded through a consortium of Funded through a consortium of utilities and municipalities.utilities and municipalities.

•• OBJECTIVEOBJECTIVE•• Best practice for reinstatement of cuts Best practice for reinstatement of cuts

to minimize performance of existing to minimize performance of existing pavements.pavements.

•• Joint project between CRREL and Joint project between CRREL and NRC of CanadaNRC of Canada


N1.1 m 6.1 m

8.4 m 6.1 m

16.0 m 6.1 m

22.6 m 6.1 m

ACCELERATION/DECELERATION ZONES (1m x 1m)

6.4 m

30.5 m

4 3 21

567

NUMBER IN TEST WINDOW INDICATE SEQUENCE OF LOADING


•• Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS)Heavy Vehicle Simulator (HVS)•• 40 40 kNkN loadload•• 690 690 kPakPa tire pressuretire pressure•• 10,000 load repetitions, 10,000 load repetitions, uniuni--

directionaldirectional•• Measured surface deformation at Measured surface deformation at

various locations and load repsvarious locations and load reps



Future (?)Future (?)

•• Working on developing a follow up Working on developing a follow up pool fund study for base course pool fund study for base course failure criteria.failure criteria.

•• Working with University of Illinois Working with University of Illinois and TENSAR to conduct APT on and TENSAR to conduct APT on geogridgeogrid reinforced bases.reinforced bases.


Future (?)Future (?)

•• Working with Gas Technology Working with Gas Technology Institute on additional experiments Institute on additional experiments on utility cuts.on utility cuts.

•• OthersOthers


PublicationsPublications

•• One published reportOne published report•• 8 draft reports on test section results8 draft reports on test section results•• Several papersSeveral papers

•• BCRA, ISAP, APT (Reno), ICHP (Ohio)BCRA, ISAP, APT (Reno), ICHP (Ohio)


Dr. Vincent JanooERDC/CRREL

72 Lyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755603 646 4702

[email protected]

Dr. Vincent JanooDr. Vincent JanooERDC/CRRELERDC/CRREL

72 72 LymeLyme Road, Hanover, NH 03755Road, Hanover, NH 03755603 646 4702603 646 4702

[email protected]@erdc.usace.army.mil

Documents

HVSIA ANNUAL MEETING PRETORIA, SOUTH AFRICA ...hvsia.com/uploads/cms/documents/16to17oct03docs/Appendix...US Army Corps of Engineers Dr. Vincent Janoo Research Civil Engineer ERDC/CRREL