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HW # 23- Cornell notes- due Tuesday from the book CH 14, section 1 p. 552-561 from the end of this power point
Warm upReview your levers packet.
Week 6, Day Three
Warm up Response
See
Homework Response/CheckShare two things that you learned from yesterday’s lab activity
Goals for Today• Quiz• Bill Nye• Read/Do Blood Bean Demo
Cornell NotesThe Body’s Transport System
Circulatory System Consists of…
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
• Heart
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Circulatory System
-Carries needed substances to cells-Carries waste products away-Blood has cells that fight disease
Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS
Two Pathways
• Pulmonary Circulation– Carries blood to lungs and back
• Systemic Circulation– Carries blood to body and back
Capillaries of head and arms
Capillaries of abdominal organs and legs
Inferior vena cava
Pulmonary vein
Capillaries of right lung
Superior vena cava Aorta
Pulmonary artery
Capillaries of left lung
Your Blood Vessels: Pathway of Circulation
• 3 types of vessels– Arteries– Capillaries– Veins
Arteries:carries blood Away from heart
– Large– Thick-walled, Muscular– Elastic– Oxygenated blood
• Exception Pulmonary Artery– Carried under great pressure– Steady pulsatingArterioles: smaller vessels, enter tissue
Capillaries
– Smallest vessel– Microscopic– Walls one cell thick– Nutrients and gases diffuse here
Veins:Carries blood to heart
– Carries blood that contains waste and CO2
• Exception pulmonary vein
– Blood not under much pressure– Valves to prevent much gravity
pull
Venules: larger than capillaries
Varicose VeinsDamaged Valves in Veins
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Contractions of the heart = blood pressure
Valves in the heart prevent backflow of blood
Structure of Heart
• Four chambers – Two upper (Atria)
• Walls thinner• Less muscular
– Two lower (Ventricles)• Walls thicker• More muscular• Do more work
Circulatory System
•BLOOD
What is Blood?
• Blood Simulation
The Blood
• Body contains 4-6 L• Consists of
– Water– Red Blood Cells– Plasma– White blood cells and
platelets
Whole Blood Sample
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged
Whole Blood Sample
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged
Whole Blood Sample
Red blood cells
White blood cells
Platelets
Plasma
Sample Placed in Centrifuge Blood Sample That Has Been Centrifuged
Parts of the Blood
Oxygen in the Blood
• Hemoglobin, iron containing molecule
• Loosely picks up oxygen in the lungs
• Loses oxygen in areas low in oxygen (diffuses)
Carbon Dioxide in the Blood
• Hemoglobin carries CO2 also
• CO2 is a waste product of cellular work
• 70% of CO2 combines with water • The rest travels to the lungs
What does blood contain?
• 50% Water• 45% Erythrocytes• 4% Plasma with Substances• 1% Leukocytes + Platelets
Erythrocytes (RBC) (optional info)• Transporters of
– Oxygen– Carbon Dioxide
• RBC– Lack a nucleus– Contain hemoglobin– Disk-shaped
• RBC are produced in red bone marrow of
– ribs, – humerus, – femur, – sternum, and other long bones
• Lives for 120 days• Old RBC are destroyed in liver and
spleen
Leukocytes (WBC) (optional info)
• WBC fight infection– Attack foreign
substances• Less abundant• Large cells• Some live for months
– Most just a few days• Several types• ALL contain nuclei
Platelets
• PLATELETS are for CLOTTING blood• Cell fragments• Produced in bone marrow• Short life span (1 week)• Fibrin (sticky network of protein fibers)
– Form a web trapping blood cells
Blood Clotting
Break in Capillary Wall
Blood vessels injured.
Clumping of Platelets
Platelets clump at the site and release thromboplastin. Thromboplastin converts prothrombin into thrombin..
Clot Forms
Thrombin converts fibrinogen into fibrin, which causes a clot. The clot prevents further loss of blood..
Elaboration
• Blood Typing: To Clump or Not to Clump?
Blood Types
• Massive loss of blood requires a transfusion• Four Types
– A– B– AB– O
• Inherited from your parents
Blood Types
What happens when you mix blood types?
• Plasma contains proteins that correspond to the shape of the different antigens
• If you mix one type with the wrong one, you get CLUMPING
• Type O is the universal donor • Type AB is the universal acceptor
What Makes Our Blood Type?
Blood Type of Donor
A
B
AB
O
Blood Type of Recipient
A B AB O
Unsuccessful transfusion Successful transfusion
Blood Transfusions
Rh Factor
• Rhesus factor (Rh), also inherited– Rh+ (have antigen)– Rh- (NO antigen)
• Can cause complications in pregnancies– mother Rh- 1st baby Rh+ : blood mixes with
mother; mother’s body makes anti-Rh+ antibodies– 2nd Rh + body attacks baby– Now have medicine to prevent antibody
formation
Bloods Path Through the Heart
• Both Atria fill at same time
– Rt atrium receives oxygen POOR blood from body from vena cava
– Left atrium receives oxygen RICH blood from lungs through four pulmonary veins
• After filled with blood atria contract, pushing blood into ventricle
Both ventricles contract
Right ventricle contracts and pushes oxygen-poor blood toward lungs,
• against gravity, • through pulmonary arteries
Left ventricle contracts and forces oxygen rich blood • out of heart through • aorta (largest vessel)
Bloods Path Through the Heart (cont)
Control of the Heart(Nervous System) (optional information)
• Medulla oblongata regulates rate• Sensory cells stretch when too fast• Pressure drops when beat is too low
Heartbeat Regulation
• Force of blood from left ventricle into arteries (pulse)• Pacemaker (SA Node), group of cells at top of right
atrium• Electrical impulse, signals BOTH atria to contract• Triggers 2nd set of cells (AV Node)-base of the right
atrium to send message to ventricles, they contract• EkG – record of electrical changes in the heart
Your Blood: Fluid Transport(optional information)
• a Tissue• 50% water• 4% dissolved
substances
Liquid Portion Carries Blood cells– Erythrocytes (RBC - red blood cells)– Leucocytes (WBC - white blood
cells) Platelets (non cellular particles) Proteins– Enzymes – Hormones – Endocrine System Nutrients - Digestive System Gases - Respiratory System Inorganic salts