Hybrid Electric Propulsion - SUNJET II - Delhaye.pdfHybrid Electric Propulsion Overall Aircraft Design Page 19 Synergies between technology bricks will open the design space for overall

Hybrid Electric Propulsion

26th of March 2015 Hybrid Electric Propulsion - Europe-Japan Symposium - Electrical Technologies for the Aviation of the Future

Europe-Japan Symposium

Electrical Technologies for the Aviation

of the Future

Tokyo, Japan

26th and 27th of March 2015

Presented by JL Delhaye

Prepared in collaboration with

Peter ROSTEK

© AIRBUS Operations GmbH. All rights reserved. Confidential and proprietary document.

Content

• Airbus civil aircraft

• Fully Electric Propulsion

• Hybrid Electric Propulsion

• Conclusion

Page 2



Aviation drives our global economy

Growth

- Air traffic doubles

every 15 years

58million

Jobs supported

50million

Tonnes of freight

3billion

Passengers

$2.4trillion

Global GDP annually

Source: ATAG 2014



Airbus our products

Page 4

Airbus aircraft families are covering a capacity range from 100 to 500+ passenger seats



Fully Electric Propulsion

Page 5



Fully Electric Propulsion Historical Development of Electric Flight

Page 6

Solair 1 MB-E1

eGenius

Pipistrel G4

LiI

on

/LiP

o c

om

me

rcia

lly a

va

ila

ble

More development activities resulted in higher power levels



Solair 1

Fully Electric Propulsion Future Development of Electric Flight

Page 7

?

Volta Volare GT4

We want

both

high power

and

high voltage

What are the limits of fully electric propulsion

LiI

on

/LiP

o c

om

merc

ially a

vail

ab

le



Fully Electric Propulsion Key Challenge for Commercial Aviation

Page 8

Assumptions

Energy Density of Kerosene 12000 Wh/kg

Energy Density of Battery 120 Wh/kg

Efficiency Factor of eMotor 3

With current battery technologies fully electric propulsion is impossible for commercial aviation

A319: 800 nm / 140 PAX

Conventional Kerosene

30 kg Kerosene per PAX

Fully Electric

1000 kg Battery per PAX



Fully Electric Propulsion Key Question for Today’s Conference

Page 9

How to build a bridge between small fully electric a/c and large hybrid electric a/c




Page 10



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Nothing New for Other Markets

The huge challenge is to transfer this technology into the commercial aviation market

Porsche Panamera Hybrid

0.07 MW / 5500 rpm

1 to 2 kW/kg

Liebherr Mining Truck

3 MW

0.25 kW/kg

Queen Mary 2

20 MW / 180 rpm

0.2 to 0.4 kW/kg

Page 11



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Technology Target Setting

Significant performance improvements on system component level are essential

Page 12

Long term target for electric machines:

10 to 15 kW/kg at system level

Long term target for batteries:

500 to 700 Wh/kg at system level



Above 50%

Overall Efficiency

Hybrid Electric Propulsion Overall Energy Balance

High efficiency of electric sub architecture to boost overall efficiency of hybrid system architecture

98%

93%

Useful

Energy 100% Battery

System

Converters

and Cables

Electric

Motor

Energy

Storage Power Transmission

Propulsion

Unit

Page 13

Geared

Fan/Prop Fuel

Tank

Gas

Turbine 100% 42%

Useful

Energy

Fuel

Lines 100%



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Possible Propulsion Architecture

Page 14

Parallel system architecture to provide additional drive power for specific flight phases

Gas Turbine

Pro

pu

lsio

n U

nit

Gearbox

Mechanical Connection

Cooling Connection Electric DC Connection

Electric AC Connection

1: Battery Management System

Battery

+

BMS1

Electric

Network

Cooling

System

Electric

Network

eMotor

eGenerator



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Baseline Propulsion Architecture

Page 15

Serial system architecture to separate power generation from thrust generation

Mechanical Connection

Cooling Connection Electric DC Connection

Electric AC Connection

Battery

+

BMS1

Electric

Network

Cooling

System

Back-Up

Gas Turbine

Main

Gas Turbine Rectifier eGenerator

1: Battery Management System

Pro

pu

lsio

n U

nit

Gearbox eMotor Controller

Electric

Network

Cooling

System



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Energy Management Strategy

Page 16

Energy management over mission profile is key to boost efficieny

Takeoff

Climb

Cruise

Approach

Landing

Taxi Out = = Taxi In

or

+ +



Block Fuel benefit

Short Range A/C (100-200 PAX)

Regional Range A/C (50-100 PAX)

Urban Range A/C

Hybrid Electric Propulsion Potential Efficiency Benefit

Page 17

There is a potential for hybrid electric propulsion – Initially for regional range a/c

Block Energy:

•used on a block mission

•stored both in fuel and in batteries

Block Energy Benefit < Block Fuel Benefit

Hybrid A/C

more efficient than

Conventional A/C


Block energy benefit

Mission Range (Nm)

Blo

ck e

nerg

y b

enefit

Hybrid v

s. conventional

0 3000

0%

25%


Hybrid Electric Propulsion Potential Efficiency Benefit

Page 18

For big commercial a/c hybrid electric propulsion is the key enabler for further technology bricks

Hybrid A/C

more efficient than

Conventional A/C

Block Energy Benefit

Hybrid vs. Conventional

(simplified trend line)

0%

50%

100%


Dir

ect

Imp

act

on

Blo

ck

En

erg

y B

en

efi

t

Further Technology Bricks



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Overall Aircraft Design

Page 19

Synergies between technology bricks will open the design space for overall aircraft design

Distributed

Propulsion

Boundary

Layer

Ingestion

Hybrid

Electric

Propulsion

Differential

Thrust

Reduced

Control

Surfaces

Wing

Surface

Blowing

Integrated

Systems

Architecture

Mission

Adaptation



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Expected and unexpected benefits

Page 20

Breakthrough aircraft architecture will lead to unexpected benefits

Fuel savings

Reduction of emission CO2, Nox

Significant noise reduction

Lower manufacturing costs

Easier maintenance, better aircraft reliability

Better pax comfort



Hybrid Ground Demonstrator 1.0

Hybrid Ground Demonstrator 2.0

Hybrid and Fully

Electric G/A

Hybrid H/C

Hybrid UAV

Hybrid NRA

Hybrid Electric Propulsion Hybrid Ground and Flight Demonstrators

Technology demonstrators to validate basic assumptions and to drive technology maturations

Page 21



Hybrid Electric Propulsion Hybrid Ground and Flight Demonstrators

Page 22

Airbus Group is already in the air: eGenius, CriCri, Hybrid Dimona and E-Fan 1.0

http://wemakeitfly.airbus-group.com/

eGenius

Electric Motorglider

Research Platform

MTOW 950kg

Power 60kW

Range 400km

Diamond E-Star 2

Serial Hybrid Motorglider

MTOW 900kg

Power 65kW

eFan

Electric Trainer

MTOW 550kg

Power 60kW

Endurance 1h

Green CriCri

Testbed

MTOW 180kg

Power 11kW






Conclusion

• We need to multiply by 6 the energy density storage capability of batteries

• We need to multiply by 4 the electrical machine power density

• Hybrid architecture will require and enable new aircraft configuration

• Energy management system is key to boost efficiency

• Hybrid electric propulsion is the key enabler

• For further technology bricks

• Towards world targets for energy saving

• Unexpected benefits of hybrid architecture will come on top of fuel savings

• Pax comfort

• Lower costs for OEM and airlines

Page 23

The challenges we see will only be met on a joint world Research Platform


Page 24

Thank you,


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Hybrid Electric Propulsion - SUNJET II - Delhaye.pdfHybrid Electric Propulsion Overall Aircraft Design Page 19 Synergies between technology bricks will open the design space for overall