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Hybrid State Estimation Combining SCADA and Synchrophasor Data
George Stefopoulos, New York Power Authority
NASPI Technical Workshop – Synchrophasor Data and State Estimation March 25, 2015, San Mateo, CA
Acknowledgement
2/12
Acknowledgement: This material is partially based upon work supported by the Department of Energy under Award Number DE-OE0000704
Disclaimer: This report was prepared as an account of work sponsored by an agency of the United States Government. Neither the United States Government nor any agency thereof, nor any of their employees, makes any warranty, express or implied, or assumes any legal liability or responsibility for the accuracy, completeness, usefulness of any information, apparatus, product, or process disclosed, or represents that its use would not infringe privately owned rights. Reference herein to any specific commercial product, process, or service by trade name, trademark, manufacturer, or otherwise does not necessarily constitute or imply its endorsement, recommendation, or favoring by the United States Government or any agency thereof. The views and opinions of authors expressed herein do not necessarily state or reflect those of the United States Government or any agency thereof.
Outline
• About NYPA
• NYPA past experience with hybrid state es7ma7on. • Electric Power Research Ins3tute • Siemens Power System Control
• NYPA current state es7ma7on project. • US Department of Energy • Quanta Technology • Electric Power Group
3/12
About NYPA – NYPA Generation
4/12
q Niagara Power Project ~2,675 MW
q St. Lawrence Power Project ~800 MW
q Blenheim-Gilboa Pumped Storage ~1,160 MW
q Flynn Power Plant ~167 MW
q Astoria CC Plant ~500 MW
q Small Hydro Plants ~83 MW
q Small Clean Power Plants ~461 MW
• Wholesale power supplier throughout New York State and neighboring states as required by law.
• Provides, with genera3on and power purchases, about 25% of New York State’s electricity with a mix of 70% hydro and 30% gas/oil
About NYPA – The NYPA Transmission Assets
5/12
q 765 kV Transmission ~155 circuit miles
q 345 kV Transmission ~928 circuit miles
q 230 kV Transmission ~338 circuit miles
q 115 kV Transmission ~35 circuit miles
q Total Transmission ~1,456 circuit miles
q Bulk Transmission Substations 21 substations
q Portion of Bulk NYS Grid ~13% (>115kV) ~34% (>230kV)
More than 1,400 circuit miles of backbone transmission throughout New York state
PLATTSBURGH 115kV
PLATTSBURGH 230kV
SARANAC
ASHLY RD.
VERMONT
DULEYPATNODE
RYAN
WILLIS 230kV
NORTHEND
WILLIS 115kV
STL
SARANACMALONE
CHATEAUGAY
MASSENA 765KVMASSENA
230kV
MARCY 765kV
MARCY 345kV
CSC STATCOM
EDIC
VOLNEY
COOPERS CORNERS
NEW SCOTLAND
FRASER
GILBOA
LEEDS
OAKDALE
SVC
ADIRONDACK230kV
ADIRONDACK115kV
BEAVER FALLS
PORTER
NIAGARA 345kV
NIAGARA 230kV
ONTARIO POWER
GEN
STATION 80
SOMERSET
ONTARIO
PACKARD
ROBINSON RD 230kV
NIAGARA 115kV
STOLLE RD
ROBINSON RD 115kV
RICHFIELD STR
EGC
SPAINBROOK
BUS2 138kV
BUS3 138kV
NYPA Phasor Measurements
6/12
NYPA q 23 PMUs q 41 voltage phasors
(+seq) q 83 current phasors
(+seq) q 6 DFR/PMU planned
for installation Rest of NY TOs q 45 PMUs q 115 voltage phasors q 278 current phasors
Use of Phasor Measurements in Commercial SE
7/12 Use of Phasor Measurements in a Commercial (or Industrial) State Estimator, EPRI, Palo Alto, CA and New York Power Authority, White Plains, NY: 2004. 1011002
• NYPA • EPRI • SIEMENS
Collaborators
• 34 phasor measurements (10 voltages, 24 currents
• Data down-sampling to match SCADA rates
Synchrophasors
• 1538-bus network • 850 SCADA telemetry data • Additional pseudomeasurements • SE execution at EMS standard rates
EMS
Use of Phasor Measurements in Commercial SE
8/12
Project Conclusions q Nine distinct tests to assess effects on SE quality, impact of
noise levels, bad data detection, reference bus impact, impact on convergence and iterations etc.
q Minimal effect of synchrophasors because of the low number of available data (about 4% PMU/SCADA ratio)
q Minimal effect on convergence properties q Minimal effect when phasors were included as part of initial
state vector estimate q PMU data improve observability q Accuracy of PMU measurements affects SE q Time skewness effect between SCADA and PMU data q Crucial selection of reference bus
DoE Synchrophasor Demo Project of DNSE
9/12
• Quanta • NYPA • EPG • DoE
Collaborators
• 124 NYPA phasor measurements • 393 other TO phasor measurements • 40% PMU/SCADA data ratio • SE execution at near synchrophasor rate
Synchrophasors
• 1600-bus network (960 NY buses) • 1300 SCADA telemetry data • Additional pseudomeasurements • Digital status points
EMS
DoE Synchrophasor Demo Project of DNSE
10/12
DNSE Engine
IEEE C37.118 Adapter
EMS Data Adapter
DNSE Output Adapter
Modeless Data Conditioning PDC
EMS
RTDMS
DNSE+
ICCP
C37.118
C37.118
Conceptual System Architecture
DoE Synchrophasor Demo Project of DNSE
11/12
Key Features and Challenges DNSE+ Features q Hybrid SE: Combines both SCADA and PMU data to obtain
the complete state of system using redundant information q Non-linear formulation; Non-iterative solution
q Based on Kipnis-Shamir re-linearization technique q Executed at nearly phasor data rate DNSE+ Challenges q Very large, sparse linear systems to be solved q Computational intensity of equation formulation q Sensitivity to measurement noise q “Synchronization” of data
George Stefopoulos Research and Technology Development Engineer II New York Power Authority
914-287-3857 [email protected]
www.nypa.gov