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Hydrant Flow TestingPurpose, Process & Experiences
James P. Cooper - Prof. Engineer, Cert. Operator
© Arcadis 2016
Why Should We Flow Test Hydrants?Insight gained from proper hydrant flow testing
• System Pressures and Flow Rates• Asset Condition and Operability• Water Quality Characteristics• Opportunity for Customer Interaction
2
© Arcadis 2016
Why is Hydrant Flow Testing Important?
3
Hydrant Flow Testing
Utility Management
Technical Knowledge
Operations Insight
Practical Experience
Reporting and Asset Mgmt.
Increase Value of Hydrant Testing
Hydraulic Calculations
What is a Valid Test?
Flow Testing Purpose
Sharing Lessons Learned
Using Test Data
Testing Procedures
Safety Considerations
Addressing Common Questions Testing Sequence
and Planning
© Arcadis 2016
Learning Objectives
23 February 2017 4
Explain Multiple Purposes of Hydrant Flow Testing
Apply the Procedures for Testing and Recording
Understand How To Address Unique Conditions
Apply Results for Planning and for Critical Operations
Remember This!
© Arcadis 2016
Learning Objectives
23 February 2017 5
Explain Multiple Purposes of Hydrant Flow Testing
Apply the Procedures for Testing and Recording
Understand How To Address Unique Conditions
Apply Results for Planning and for Critical Operations
Remember This!
© Arcadis 2016
Why Should We Flow Test Hydrants?
6
Available Fire Flow Rates
System Planning Model Calibration
Maintenance Management
© Arcadis 2016 23 February 2017 7
Why Should We Flow Test Hydrants?
Field Test Data($)
Planning and Modeling
($$$)
Design and Construction
($$$$$)
© Arcadis 2016 8
Tank Actual Normal HGL Negligible difference
Actual High Flow HGL
Model High Flow HGLDetectable Difference
Model Normal HGL
Why Should We Flow Test Hydrants?
© Arcadis 2016
Learning Objectives
23 February 2017 9
Explain Multiple Purposes of Hydrant Flow Testing
Apply the Procedures for Testing and Recording
Understand How To Address Unique Conditions
Apply Results for Planning and for Critical Operations
Remember This!
© Arcadis 2016
Site Conditions Dechlorination Orifice Size
Matters
Hydrant Flow Testing Considerations
10
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing ConsiderationsPublic Impact
1. Abnormal Water Quality
2. Traffic Disruptions
3. Erosion & Landscaping
4. Damage Awareness
5. Reduced Pressure
23 February 2017 11
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing ConsiderationsPublic Impact
1. Abnormal Water Quality
2. Traffic Disruptions
3. Erosion & Landscaping
4. Damage Awareness
5. Reduced Pressure
23 February 2017 12
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing ConsiderationsPublic Impact
1. Abnormal Water Quality
2. Traffic Disruptions
3. Erosion & Landscaping
4. Damage Awareness
5. Reduced Pressure
23 February 2017 13
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing ConsiderationsPublic Impact
1. Abnormal Water Quality
2. Traffic Disruptions
3. Erosion & Landscaping
4. Damage Awareness
5. Reduced Pressure
23 February 2017 14
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing ConsiderationsPublic Impact
1. Abnormal Water Quality
2. Traffic Disruptions
3. Erosion & Landscaping
4. Damage Awareness
5. Reduced Pressure
23 February 2017 15
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing Considerations
16
DIA
LG
AU
GES
ELEC
TRO
NIC
REC
OR
DER
S
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing Terms
17
Flow Hydrant• Location of open hydrant flowing
water
Pitot Pressure• Pressure measured at center of
flow stream• Utilized to calculate the flow rate
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing Terms
18
Residual Hydrant• Located near Flow Hydrant• Used to measure pressure within the
distribution system
Static Pressure• Pressure during typical demands with no
hydrants flowing
Residual Pressure• Pressure measured while the flow hydrant is
open
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Testing Terms
19
Field Test Flow Rate• Flow rate measured during the hydrant flow test• Actual flow rate of water exiting the flow hydrant
Available Fire Flow Rate• Calculated value based on the field test flow rate and the
measured residual pressure during the test• Standard for determining the fire flow rate available occurs at a
residual pressure of 20 psi.
© Arcadis 2016
Calculation of Available Fire Flow
20
𝑄𝑅 = 𝑄𝐹 ×
ℎ𝑟0.54
ℎ𝑓0.54
© Arcadis 2016
Calculation of Available Fire Flow
21
Pressure from flowing hydrant
Field Test Flow Rate
Calculated Available Fire
Flow Rate
22
Residual Hydrant• Static Pressure• Residual Pressure• Test evaluates water
available at this location Flow Hydrant• Pitot Pressure
Test Area
Hydrant Flow Test Setup
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Test Procedure
23
1. Preparation• Identify flow and residual hydrants• Evaluate traffic control needs• Confirm test equipment condition and
availability • Develop Data Collection Plan
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Test Procedure
24
2. Residual Hydrant• Locate hydrant and properly flush to remove
sediment• Install pressure gauge• Open hydrant, confirm no leaking, read gauge
and record as static pressure
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Test Procedure
25
3. Flow Hydrant• Locate hydrant• Estimate discharge path, establish traffic
control• Install pitot pressure measurement gauge• Open hydrant, record pitot pressure
© Arcadis 2016
Hydrant Flow Test Procedure
26
4. Documentation• Record all measurements• Record all asset information• Determine Field Test Flow Rate
• Determine Available Fire Flow Rate
• Record Lessons Learned
© Arcadis 2016
Learning Objectives
23 February 2017 27
Explain Multiple Purposes of Hydrant Flow Testing
Apply the Procedures for Testing and Recording
Understand How To Address Unique Conditions
Apply Results for Planning and for Critical Operations
Remember This!
© Arcadis 2016
Published Guidelines
• National Fire Protection Association
• Hydrant testing every 5 years
• Drop in pressure of at least 25% during test
• Alternative – testing achieves desired flow rate needed for fire fighting
28
© Arcadis 2016
Published Guidelines
• American Water Works Association
• Hydrant testing every 10 years
• Drop in pressure of at least 10 psi during test
• Alternative – open multiple hydrants/ports to achieve pressure reduction
29
© Arcadis 2016
Large Diameter and High/Low Pressure MainsSimultaneously Test from Multiple Port/Hydrants
Consider Test Validity
23 February 2017 30
© Arcadis 2016
Addressing Public Impact
23 February 2017 31
Testing at Night (multiple benefits)
Be Innovative!
© Arcadis 2016
Learning Objectives
23 February 2017 32
Explain Multiple Purposes of Hydrant Flow Testing
Apply the Procedures for Testing and Recording
Understand How To Address Unique Conditions
Apply Results for Planning and for Critical Operations
Remember This!
© Arcadis 2016
Apply the Results!
23 February 2017 33
© Arcadis 2016
Flow-Based Hydrant Marking
Class AA (light blue) to Class C (red)
34
WRONG METHOD( )
© Arcadis 2016
Learning Objectives
23 February 2017 35
Explain Multiple Purposes of Hydrant Flow Testing
Apply the Procedures for Testing and Recording
Understand How To Address Unique Conditions
Apply Results for Planning and for Critical Operations
Remember This!
© Arcadis 2016
Many Lessons Learned…
36
PC: Thomas Galtiza
© Arcadis 2016
Many Lessons Learned…
37
Clear distance for flow exiting hydrant
Rain suit (even if the sun is shining)
Consider Public Impact
Retest When Necessary
© Arcadis 2016
Available Resources
Hands-On Training
Published Guidelines
Conference and Committee Participation
23 February 2017 38
© Arcadis 2016
Questions/Discussion