Hydrocarbons with Functional Groups Alcohols

Hydrocarbons with Hydrocarbons with Functional GroupsFunctional Groups

AlcoholsAlcohols

AlcoholsAlcoholsAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time

together, you should be able to:together, you should be able to:

Recognize the functional group and give a Recognize the functional group and give a characteristic of this organic compoundcharacteristic of this organic compoundName the organic compound with this Name the organic compound with this functional groupfunctional groupDraw this organic compound with this Draw this organic compound with this functional groupfunctional group

Functional GroupsFunctional Groups

A group of covalently bonded elements A group of covalently bonded elements that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a unique quality.unique quality.Compounds with similar functional groups Compounds with similar functional groups will have similar qualities and properties.will have similar qualities and properties.

AlcoholsAlcohols

•They are organic compounds that are primarily used as disinfectants.

•Alcohols have the functional group of –OH.

•They have the general formula of R-OH.

Euphemisms in Science We all know that some politicians and government

spokesmen use certain euphemistic phrases to give an aura of respectability to descriptions of events or actions

which would be offensive when expressed in plain English. The following is a list of Euphemisms in Science and their

translations into plain English.

“It is believed that...”

I think!

“It is generally believed that...”

A couple of other guys think so too!

Alcohols are named by adding the suffix Alcohols are named by adding the suffix -ol-ol. If . If there is more than one hydroxyl group (-OH), there is more than one hydroxyl group (-OH), the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that the suffix is expanded to include a prefix that indicates the number of hydroxyl groups indicates the number of hydroxyl groups present (present (-diol-diol, , -triol-triol, etc.). , etc.).

The position of the hydroxyl group on the The position of the hydroxyl group on the parent chain is indicated by placing the number parent chain is indicated by placing the number corresponding to the location on the parent corresponding to the location on the parent chain directly in front of the base name. chain directly in front of the base name.

How to Name How to Name AlcoholsAlcohols

The hydroxyl group takes precedence over alkyl The hydroxyl group takes precedence over alkyl groups and halogen substituents, as well as double groups and halogen substituents, as well as double bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain. bonds, in the numbering of the parent chain.

If there is a choice in numbering after these rules If there is a choice in numbering after these rules are followed, the parent chain is numbered to give are followed, the parent chain is numbered to give the substituents the the substituents the lowestlowest number. number.

How to Name How to Name AlcoholsAlcohols

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AlcoholsAlcohols

A Primary Alcohol –

(-OH attached to an end carbon that is attached to 1 other carbon)

Ethanol – drinking alcohol


A Secondary Alcohol –

(-OH attached to a middle carbon that has 2 other carbon bonds)

2-propanol


A Tertiary Alcohol –

(-OH attached to a middle carbon that has 3 other carbon bonds)

1,1-dimethylethanol (no)

2-methyl-2-propanol or 2-methylpropane-1-ol

More Examples of Naming More Examples of Naming AlcoholsAlcohols

1,2,3-propantriol

Propane-1,2,3-triol

benzenol

phenol

Familiar Saying

Where there are visible vapors from ignited carbonaceous materials, there is

conflagration.

Where there is smoke, there is fire!

AlcoholsAlcoholsLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:


Exit Quiz: Alcohols


EthersEthers

EthersEthersAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time



15 Helpful Hints On The Lab 15 Helpful Hints On The Lab Report from Report from

Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!Mr. T’s Vast Lab Experience!!!

Hint #6. If you can't get the answer in the usual manner, start at the answer and derive the question.

EthersEthers

•They are organic compounds that are primarily used as anesthetics.

•Ethers have the functional group of –O– in the middle of the carbon chain.

•They have the general formula of R-O-R’.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EthersEthers

1. Name the chains as alkyl groups

2. Put them in alphabetical order

3. End with ether.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EthersEthers

1. Name the chains as an alkyl groups

2. Put them in alphabetical order

3. (ethyl, can’t be propyl, why?)

4. (at 1 and 1 there are methyl groups)

5. End with ether.

6. 1,1-dimethyl ethylmethyl ether

EthersEthersLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:


Murphy's LawsMurphy's Lawsofof

Science and TechnologyScience and Technology

To err is human, but to really foul things up requires a computer.

Exit Quiz: Ethers


Organic AcidsOrganic Acids

Functional GroupsFunctional Groups

A group of covalently bonded elements A group of covalently bonded elements that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a that when bonded to a carbon chain give it a unique quality.unique quality.Compounds with similar functional groups Compounds with similar functional groups will have similar qualities and properties.will have similar qualities and properties.

Organic AcidsOrganic AcidsAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time



Organic AcidsOrganic Acids

•They are an organic compound that is primarily used as protection for fruits and vegetables.

•Organic acids have the functional group of –COOH on the end of the carbon chain. This is called the carboxyl group.

•They have the general formula of R-COOH.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming Organic AcidsOrganic Acids

1. Name the R chain and include the C of the carboxyl group

2. End with –oic acid

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming Organic AcidsOrganic Acids

1. Name the R chain and include the C of the carboxyl group (methane)

2. End with –oic acid

3. methanoic acid

Chemical Compound Quiz

Acetylsalicylic acid helps cure aches and pains. What is the common name?

Aspirin

Organic AcidsOrganic AcidsLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:


Exit Quiz: Carboxylic Acids

Ethanoic acid

What’s the formula?

Is it like HC2H3O2?

Acetic acid!!

ethane-1,2-dioic acid

or

ethandioic acid

O || HO-C-C=O |

OH

Little Known Phobias!Little Known Phobias!

Edifice ComplexEdifice Complex

Fear of tall buildings

Exit Quiz: Carboxylic Acids

2-methylpropanoic acid


KetonesKetones

Familiar SayingFamiliar Saying

Similar sire, similar scion.

Like father, like son!!

KetonesKetonesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time



KetonesKetones

•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as solvents.

•Ketones have the functional group of =O somewhere in the middle of the carbon chain.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming KetonesKetones

1. Name the hydrocarbon chain.

2. End with –one.

3. Give the number of the carbon to which the ketone group is attached.

4. 2-propanone

5. Common name – acetone.

KetonesKetonesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:


The Scientific MethodThe Scientific Methodbegins with begins with

Questions about the World Around You.Questions about the World Around You.Ever Wonder Why?...Ever Wonder Why?...

teflon sticks to the pan in the first place?

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming KetonesKetones


2. End with –one.

3. Give the number of the carbon to which the ketone group is attached.

4. 4-methyl-2-pentanone


AldehydesAldehydes

AldehydesAldehydesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time



AldehydesAldehydes

•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as preservatives.

•Aldehydes have the functional group of =O on the end of the carbon chain.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AldehydesAldehydes


2. End with –al.

3. methanal

4. Common name – formaldehyde.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AldehydesAldehydes


2. End with –al.

3. benzenal (benzaldehyde)

Familiar Saying

You cannot estimate the value of the contents of a bound, printed narrative or

record from its exterior vesture.

You can’t tell a book by its cover!

AldehydesAldehydesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:


Exit Quiz of Drawing Aldehydes:

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-CH=O

| CH3-CH2

4-ethylhexanal

Exit Quiz of Naming Aldehydes:

C-C-C-C-C-C=O |

C-C-C

2-propylhexanal

Happy Birthday Dirge

Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday,Gloom and doom and dark despair

People dying everywhere.Happy Birthday, Happy Birthday!


EstersEsters

EstersEstersAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time



7th Grade Science Answers

"Artifical insemination is when the farmer does it to the cow instead of the bull."

EstersEsters

•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as flavorings.

•Esters have the functional group of OC=O in the middle of the carbon chain.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EstersEsters

1. The carbon chain with the double bonded O is named last and gets the –oate ending.

2. The other chain is named as a alkyl group.

3. methylethanoate.

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming EstersEsters

1. The carbon chain with the double bonded O is named last and gets the –oate ending.

2. propanoate3. The other chain is named as a alkyl group.4. phenyl5. phenylpropanoate

EstersEstersLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:


Exit Quiz for Naming Esters:

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O-CH2-CH2-CH3

| || CH3 O

propyl-4-methylhexanoate

A.P. TEST IN BIOLOGYA.P. TEST IN BIOLOGY

Create life. Estimate the differences in Create life. Estimate the differences in subsequent human culture if this form of life had subsequent human culture if this form of life had

been developed 500 million years ago, with been developed 500 million years ago, with special attention to the probable effect on the special attention to the probable effect on the

English Parliamentary system. Prove your English Parliamentary system. Prove your hypothesis.hypothesis.

Exit Quiz for Drawing Esters:

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-C-O-CH3

| || CH3-CH2 O

methyl-4-ethylhexanoate


AminesAmines

AminesAminesAt the conclusion of our time At the conclusion of our time



AminesAmines

•These are organic compounds that are primarily used as part of amino acids for proteins and fertilizer.

•Amines have the functional group of -N on the end of the carbon chain as a primary amine

•Secondary amines have 2 carbon chains attached to the –N- and ternary amines have 3.

•Name each R group as an alkyl group in alphabetical order

Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AminesAmines

butylethylamine

AminesAminesLet’s see if you can:Let’s see if you can:


Examples of Naming Examples of Naming AminesAmines

phenylamine

aniline/

aminobenzene ethylmethylphenylamine

Exit Quiz for Naming Amines:

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-CH2-NH-CH2-CH2-CH3

| CH3

3-methylpentylpropylamine

Examples of Drawing Amines:

CH3-CH2-CH-CH2-NH2

|

CH3-CH2

2-ethylbutylamine

Familiar Saying

Male cadavers are incapable of yielding any testimony.

Dead men tell no tales!!

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Hydrocarbons with Functional Groups Alcohols