Hydroclimate

over the Common Era

from Sr/Ca and d18O records

of corals

Thomas Felis

PAGES 2k – PMIP3 Workshop

Comparing data and model estimates of hydroclimate variability

and change over the Common Era

June 1-3, 2016

Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory

Tarawa coral d18O – ENSO rainfall proxy

Cole et al., 1993, Science

Tarawa coral d18O

SST field reconstruction from coral d18O

Evans et al., 2002,

Paleoceanography

11 coral records

D‘Arrigo et al., 2009, Nature Geoscience

Volcanic forcing & tropical temperatures

SST variability over past the millennium

Emile-Geay et al., 2013, Journal of Climate

Tropical SST for the past four centuries

Tierney et al., 2015, Paleoceanogr.PAGES Ocean2k

Hydroclimate signals in coral records

-0.5 -0.4 -0.3 -0.2 -0.1 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Coral-geoduck index Winter PDO index

Correlation with land precipitation

November-February (1902-1994)3-year running averages

CRU TS 2.1: Mitchell & Jones (2005)CRU TS 2.1: Mitchell & Jones (2005)

Felis et al., 2010, Geophys. Res. Lett.

Shallow-water coral archives

skeleton of aragonite (CaCO3)

growth rate: ~1 cm/year

annual density band pairs

incorporate isotopic and elemental tracers

live for several centuries

Fig

ure

cre

dit: T

hom

as F

elis

, M

AR

UM

Coral archives – Chronology

-1980

-1990

-2000

October 2002I

5 cm

-1970

-1960

-1950

-1940

-1930

-1920

-1910

-1900

-1890

-1872core length: 174 cm

growth rate: 1.2 cm/year

high density bands: summer

low density bands: winter

-1880

-1872

-1880

-1890

-1900

-1910

-1920

-1930

-1940

-1950

-1960

-1970

-1980

-1990

-2000

Oct 2002

High density bands: summer

Low density bands: winter

5 cm

Felis et al., 2009, Geology

Coral archives – ChronologyC

o r a

l S u

r f a c

e

HighDensity

Band

LowDensity

Band

Direction of Coral Growth

199519941993199219911990

Y e a r s29 N

ovem

ber 1

995

Coral d18O

Coral d13C

5°C

7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0

Distance from Top of Coral (cm)

0

-1

-2

-3

-4

-5

(‰ P

DB

)

Fig

ure

cre

dit: T

hom

as F

elis

, M

AR

UM

Coral archives – Proxies

Coral Sr/Ca

• Temperature

Coral d18O

• Temperature

• Seawater d18O

(related to salinity)

Coral

growth rate

• Temperature

• Nutrients

• Food

• Light

• …

Fig

ure

cre

dit: T

hom

as F

elis

, M

AR

UM

Coral archives – Proxies

Coral Sr/Ca

• Temperature

Coral d18O

• Temperature

• Seawater d18O

(related to salinity)

Fig

ure

cre

dit: T

hom

as F

elis

, M

AR

UM

Coral archives – Proxies

Coral Sr/Ca

• Temperature

Coral d18O

• Temperature

• Seawater d18O > Hydrologic balance

> Oceanic processes

Fig

ure

cre

dit: T

hom

as F

elis

, M

AR

UM

Great Barrier Reef coral Sr/Ca, U/Ca, d18O

He

nd

ye

t a

l.,

20

02

, S

cie

nce

Coral d18O

Coral Sr/Ca

Coral U/Ca

North Pacific coral Sr/Ca, U/Ca, d18O

Fe

lise

t a

l., 2

00

9,

Ge

olo

gy

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Year

-3.6

-4.0

-4.4

-4.8

-5.2

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

VP

DB

)

9.4

9.2

9.0

8.8

Co

ral S

r/C

a (

mm

ol/m

ol)

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.2

1.1

Co

ral U

/Ca

(

mo

l/m

ol)Coral d18O

Coral Sr/Ca

Coral U/Ca

N. Pacific coral Sr/Ca, d18O, d18Oseawater

Fe

lise

t a

l., 2

00

9,

Ge

olo

gy

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

-4.0

-4.2

-4.4

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

VP

DB

)

9.3

9.2

9.1

9.0

Cora

l S

r/C

a (

mm

ol/m

ol)

1.35

1.30

1.25

1.20

1.15

Co

ral U

/Ca

(

mol/m

ol)

1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

Year

23.5

24.0

SS

T (

°C)

0.4

0.2

0.0

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

1.0

0.5

0.0

Co

ral S

SS

ano

ma

ly (

psu

)

34.85

34.80

SO

DA

SS

S (

psu)

Coral d18O

Coral Sr/Ca

Coral U/CaSST

1905-1910

SSS

Coral d18O (Sr/Ca)

Coral d18O (U/Ca)More saline

Less saline

Coral d18O

Coral U/Ca

Coral Sr/Ca

Coral d18Oseawater

Cent. Pacific coral Sr/Ca, d18O, d18Oseawater

Co

bb

et

al.,

20

01

, G

eo

ph

ys. R

es. L

ett.

Nu

rha

tiet

al., 20

11, J. C

lim.

Coral d18O

Coral Sr/Ca

Coral d18Oseawater

Coral records (PAGES Ocean2k)

Tierney et al., 2015, Paleoceanogr.

39 coral records

Coral records (PAGES Ocean2k)

seasonal to monthly resolution

annual resolution

Tierney et al., 2015, Paleoceanogr.

10 paired Sr/Ca and d18O records

Coral records

seasonal to monthly resolution ( unpublished)

annual resolution

12 paired Sr/Ca and d18O records (+1 unpublished)

Coral records

seasonal to monthly resolution ( unpublished)

1881

1751 1873

18741886

17261657

1867

1895

9 paired Sr/Ca and d18O records (1 unpublished)

North Pacific coral seawater d18O

180oW 120oW 60oW 0 o 60oE 120oE 180oW 60oS

30oS

0o

30oN

60oN

OGA δ18

O SW Annual − PP Annual

co

rrela

tio

n c

oeff

icie

nt

−0.4

−0.3

−0.2

−0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

correlation with precipitation(CRU TS3.22)

Harris et al., 2014, Int. J. Climatol.

Ogasawara coral record - Felis et al., 2009, Geology

1901-1992

North Pacific coral seawater d18O

correlation with SPEI(Standardized Precipitation Evapotranspiration Index)

Vicente-Serrano et al., 2010, J. Clim.

180oW 120oW 60oW 0 o 60oE 120oE 180oW 60

oS

30oS

0 o

30oN

60oN

OGA δ18O SW Annual − SPEI1 Annual

co

rrela

tio

n c

oeffic

ien

t

−0.4

−0.3

−0.2

−0.1

0.0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

Ogasawara coral record - Felis et al., 2009, Geology

1901-1992

Coral seawater d18O reconstructions

Felis et al.,

2009

Hetzinger et al.,

2010

Cobb et al.,

2001

Nurhati et al.,

2011

Zinke et al.,

2008

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

Year

0.40.30.20.1

0-0.1-0.2

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

0.80.70.60.50.40.30.2

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

0.50.40.30.20.10-0.1

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

10.90.80.70.60.50.4

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

Western North Pacific(27°N)

Western tropical Atlantic(16°N)

Central tropical Pacific(6°N)

Western Indian Ocean(13°S)

saline

fresh

Central Pacific coral Sr/Ca, d18O, SSTT

iern

ey

et

al.,

20

15

, P

ale

oce

an

og

r.

PA

GE

S O

ce

an

2k

Co

bb

et

al.,

20

01

, G

eo

ph

ys. R

es. L

ett.

Nu

rha

tie

t a

l.,

20

11

, J. C

lim.

Central Pacific coral d18O, SST, salinity

Tie

rne

ye

t a

l.,

20

15

, P

ale

oce

an

og

r.

PA

GE

S O

ce

an

2k

Co

bb

et

al.,

20

01

, G

eo

ph

ys. R

es. L

ett.

Nu

rha

tie

t a

l.,

20

11

, J. C

lim.

Coral seawater d18O reconstructions

Hendy et al.,

2002

Linsley et al.,

2000

Ren et al.,

2002

Quinn et al.,

1998

DeLong et al.,

2012

1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

Year

0.40.30.20.1

0-0.1-0.2

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

1600 1650 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000

0.30.20.10-0.1-0.2-0.3

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

0.30.20.10-0.1-0.2-0.3

Co

ral d

18O

(‰

)

Western tropical S. Pacific(18°S)

Central tropicalS. Pacific (21°S)

Western tropicalS. Pacific (22°S)

saline

fresh

Hydroclimate from coral Sr/Ca - d18O

• Coral d18O:

• temperature AND seawater d18O

• Coral Sr/Ca:

• temperature

• Paired coral Sr/Ca and d18O:

• seawater d18O (calculated)

• Seasonally resolved records:

• better chronology

• ~13 paired coral Sr/Ca and d18O records available

• many back to the 1880s to 1870s

• some back to the 18th and 17th century

Cook et al., 2015, Sci. Adv.NADA: North American Drought Atlas

OWDA: Old World Drought Atlas

MADA: Monsoon Asia Drought Atlas

Last millennium hydroclimate - tree rings

Last millennium hydroclimate - multiproxy

Lju

ng

qvis

te

t a

l., 2

01

6,

Na

ture

seasonal to monthly resolution ( unpublished)

annual resolution

~13 coral seawater d18O reconstructions

1881

1751 1873

18741886

17261657

1867

1895

1850

1782

1751

1781