Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In Italythe main viaduct GMA Garnet (USA) Corp.repair contractor A.B.C.Construczioni S.P.A., carried out the concrete removal on one pier at

906 Olive Street, Suite 1200 l St. Louis, MO 63101-1448, USA l Telephone: (314)241-1445, Fax: (314)241-1449

Published by the WaterJet Technology Association

for the benefit of its membersAUGUST 2009

Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In ItalyThe Rio Verde Viaduct is one of the tallest in Europe supported on piers up to 136m high and carries the dual two lane A15/E33 Autostrada della Cisa over a steep sided valley in the municipality of Pontremoli.

See article on page 6.

2009 American WJTA Conference And

ExpoAugust 18-20, 2009

Marriott Houston Westchase Hotel Houston, Texas

Details and registration information are enclosed.

On the insideAnnouncing The Industrial And Municipal Cleaning (IMC) Division Of The WJTA .......................... pg. 2Static Electricity - The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry ...................... pg. 2Abrasion Resistant Valves In Waterjetting Applications ................ pg. 4Gardner Denver Celebrates Sesquicentennial ......... pg. 4Configuring A Waterblast System ..... pg. 8Jetstream Creates Visual Safety System For Waterblasting Equipment .................pg. 11

ailyfleetsofvacuumtrucks cleantanks,vessels,andspillsofflammablechemicalsandexplosivepowders.Witheachvacuumingoperationtheindustryfacesthepotentialofanexplosionorfirecausedbythe“InvisibleEnemy,”STATICELECTRICITY!

Staticelectricityisamajorcauseoffiresinthechemicalanddust/powderindustries.Thepersonalinjuriesandfinanciallossesmakeunderstandingthisphenomenaessentialtoallofusinthevacuumtruckindustry.Understandingthecausesandpropermethodsofcontrollingstaticchargesisessentialinkeepingthevacuumtruckindustrysafe.

RegulationsandstandardsestablishedbyNFPA77,API12219,

Static Electricity – The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry

By: Alan R. Browne, President, Stewart R. Browne Mfg. Co., Inc., [email protected]

andOSHA29CFR1910.106alllayoutthestrictrequirementsofhowtheproblemofstaticelectricitymustbeaddressedbeforeanyoperationinthemovementofflammablechemical,powder,ordustcanbegin.

Staticelectricity,accordingtoNFPAstatistics,causes280firesand780injuriesayear.Thoseareonlythereportableaccidentsanddon’tincludesmallflashfiresandstaticarcsthatoftendon’tresultinareportableaccident.Justthesame,theyareonlyonestepfromadisaster.Everydaytheindustrialvacuumtruckindustry,withitsthousandsoftrucks,mustmeetthestaticelectricalchallenge.

Staticelectricityisgeneratedwhenevertwodissimilarmaterialsareinrelativemotiontoeachother,

suchasflammablechemicalsmovingthroughvacuumhoses.Thefasterthemovementoftheliquidorpowder,thegreaterthebuildupofstaticelectricity.Thusreducingthevacuumspeedwouldreducethechargebuildup,butisnotalwaysfinanciallyacceptable.Theuseofaproperlyinstalledgroundingandbondingsystemcanresultinasafemethodofdisposingofthestaticchargeandincreasingthetotalsafetyoftheoperation.

First,let’sunderstandthetwotermsthatmustbeunderstoodregardingstaticelectricalsystems.Thefollowingaretheirdefinitions:

Bonding –equalizesthepotentialdifferencebetweenconductive

D

nMay2009theWJTABoardof DirectorsvotedtocreatetheIndustrialandMunicipalCleaning(IMC)DivisionoftheWJTA,aspecialinterestgroupwithintheassociationforWJTAmemberswhohaveanactiveinterestinindustrialcleaning.

ThepurposeoftheIMCistoprovideamorefocusedforumforWJTAmemberswhoareinvolvedinindustrialcleaningtocommunicatewitheachother,shareideasandknowledge,andfosterclosercollaboration.

IMCmembershipwillbelimitedtoWJTAmembersingoodstanding,andtherewillbenoadditionalchargetojointhespecialinterestgroup.

Announcing The Industrial And Municipal Cleaning (IMC) Division Of The WJTA

Objectivesofthegroupinclude,butarenotlimitedto:

–Liveandonlineworkshops,meetings,webinars,andothereducationalprogramsfocusedonissuesspecifictoindustrialcleaning;

–Establishmentandperiodicreviewofrecommendedsafetyandoperationalpractices;

–Representationbeforelegislativeandregulatorybodies;and

–Accesstoindustryexpertsforconsultation,networking,and/ortroubleshooting.

I PlansareunderwayforthefirstWJTA-IMCExpotobeheldAugust17-19,2010,attheGeorgeR.BrownConventionCenterinHouston,Texas.TheExpoisanewactivitythatwillbeheldduringeven-numberedyearswhiletheWJTAbiennialconferenceswillcontinuetobeheldduringodd-numberedyears.TheWJTA-IMCExpofeaturesanexpandedexhibithallandbootcamp.ResearchpaperswillnotbepresentedattheWJTA-IMCExpo,butwillbereservedforthe2011WJTAAmericanWaterjetConference.

Detailsregardingthe2010ExpoandotherplansandactivitiesfortheIMCwillbeavailablesoon.

(continuedonpage21)

Page 2 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org August 2009

Booths #402-408B

R.(AbrasionResistant) valves weredevelopedmanyyearsagoforuseinplungerandpistonstylepumpstoovercometheproblemofreliablypumpingproductssuchas,butnotlimitedto,drillingmud,cementandsandinoilfieldpumps.Inconventionalmetaltometaltypevalvesandseatsthesolidparticlesinthepumpedfluidwouldbothstopthevalvesfromfullyclosing,causingareductioninpumpefficiencyandunevenrunning.Thiswouldleadtorapiddeteriorationofthevalvesandseatsduetoerosion,therebyrequiringfrequentreplacement.

ThesolutiontothisproblemlayinthedevelopmentoftheA.R.styleofvalves.TheA.R.valvehasanelastomericmemberinsertedintoitduringmanufacturing.Onclosingagainstavalveseatwhereparticulatematterispresentinthepumpedfluid,theelastomericmemberdeformsaroundtheparticlecausingacompleteseal,leadingtonoreductioninpumpefficiency.Onvalveopeningtheelastomerregainsitsoriginalformastheparticleisflushedthroughbytheincomingpumpedfluidandistherebyreadyformoreparticulatematterinthenextstrokeofthepump.Theappropriateselectionofmaterialsforconstructionoftheseelastomericmembersprovidesextremelylongvalveandseatlifeinthemostdemandingpumpingapplications.

Thisvalvetechnologyhasfoundapplicationinwaterjettingpumpswhen,foravarietyofreasons,particulatematterappearsormaybeaddedtothewaterbeingpumped.Includedintheseapplicationsisunderwaterabrasivejetcutting.Inthisapplicationwater,gelandabrasivesaremixedandtheresultantslurryisrundirectlythroughthehighpressurepumpbymeansofarubberlined

Abrasion Resistant Valves In Waterjetting Applications By: Mike Woodward, Ph.D., Gardner Denver Water Jetting Systems, Inc.

highpressurehoseconductedtoahighpressure(typicallytungstencarbide)nozzle.Theresultanthighspeedabrasivestreamisthenutilizedforavarietyofunderwatercuttingapplications.

Anotherincreasinglypopularapplicationofthevalvesiscreatedbytheincreasingdesiretorecycleblastwaterforbothwaterconservationandotherenvironmentalreasons.Recycledwatermaywellcontainbothsolidparticles(producedbythehighpressurecleaningoperationitself),aswellashighlevelsofdissolvedminerals,bothcausingprematurewearonconventionalmetaltometalvalveseats.TheseconditionsarereadilyhandledbyA.R.valves.

Anotherpopularapplicationiswhenlargehighvolumepumpsareutilized(typically50gpmorgreater)inplantswheretheprocessfluid(ashwater,forexample)wouldrequireeitherextensivefilteringand/ortherapidreplacementofconventionalmetaltometalvalves.HereagaintheA.R.valvehasfoundanapplication.

Insummary,wheneverafluidcontainingparticulatematterisrequiredtobepumpedathighpressures,A.R.valvingmaywellbethesolutiontoanotherwisevexingpumpproblem.GardnerDenverWaterJettinghasmadeA.R.valvetechnologyavailableinalargenumberoftheirhighpressurepumps.Formoreinformation,call(800)231-3628orvisitwww.waterjetting.com.

A.

ince1859,whenfounderRobert Gardnermanufacturedthefirsteffectivespeedcontrolsforsteamengines,GardnerDenver,Inc.hasbeenengineeringinnovativeproductsforindustry.

GardnerDenverWaterJettingSystems,Inc.isaninternationalwaterjettingindustryleader,build-ingupontheirGardnerDenver,Inc.tradition,withcreativelyengineeredwaterjettingpumpsandaccessories.

GardnerDenverWaterJettingSystemsandtheirinternationaldistributorsformawell-knownresourceforqualitypumpsandaccessories,andarethelargestdistributorsforParkerPolyflexHoseProducts,Peinemann1-LTCEquipment,andStoneAgeWaterblastTools.

GardnerDenverWaterJettingSystemsrecentlylaunchedtheir

SGardner Denver Celebrates Sesquicentennial

simplifiedpumppressurerangeconversioncapabilitieswith“IPRCTechnology”(“InstantPressureRangeConvertibility”).With“IPRCTechnology” pumppressurerangeconversionscannowbequicklyaccomplishedinthefield,eliminatingdowntimeandtransittimetomechanicalmaintenanceshops.

RobertGardnerwouldcertainlybeamazedattheorganizationandproductsthatdevelopedfromhisoriginalengineeringinnovation150yearsago!

Today,GardnerDenver,Inc.isarecognizedengineeringleader,providingcompressedairandgas,vacuumandfluidtransfertechnologiestoindustriesthroughouttheworld.

Visitwww.waterjetting.com.


NEW!

2009 American WJTA Conference and Expo, 8/18-20 at the Marriott

Houston Westchase Hotel

Your Future..........NOW!1.800.231.3628 | www.waterjetting.com+1.281.448.5800 | [email protected]

ROTARY LINE CLEANER

40/50K MULTI-BLASTER NITROGEN SYSTEMUnloader Valve for Multi-Gun Operation,15/20K

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EngineeringAccessories

Reliability and Innovation You Know and Trust!

HIGH FLOW DUMP SYSTEMS 10K/20K PSI Flows Up To 250 GPM

ROTARY GUNNew Vulcan Stripper II, Model

hehydrodemolitiontechnique, whichuseshigh-pressurewaterjetstoremovedamagedconcrete,hasplayedavitalroleintherepairsandstrengtheningoftheItalianmulti-spanRioVerdeViaduct.TheviaductisoneofthetallestinEuropeandcarriesthebusydualtwolaneA15/E33AutostradadellaCisaoverasteepsidedvalleyinthemunicipalityofPontremoli.Conjethydrodemolitionequipmentwasusedtoremovedamagedconcretefromthefacesoftheviaduct’srectangularconcretepiers,whichriseupto136mfromthevalleybottomtothesteeldeck,followedbyreplacementwithanewandthickerconcreteskin.

The960mlongtwinsteeldeckviaduct,whichissupportedoneightreinforcedconcretehollowpillars,isamajorstructureinthelinkbetweenParmaandLaSpeziaonItaly’sMediterraneancoast,100kmsouthofGenova.Thespectacularviaductwasopenedin1975,butinspectionbymaintenanceengineersshowedthebridgepiersweresufferingfromextensivecalciumchloridedecay,forcingtheItalianHighwaysAuthorityandtheHighwayEngineeringDepartmentofCisaLtdtocarryoutextensiverepairsandstrengthening.

ThespecialisthydrodemolitioncontractorSEI-Idrojet,workingforthemainviaductrepaircontractorA.B.C.ConstruczioniS.P.A.,carriedouttheconcreteremovalononepieratatime.Therepairswereperformedfromaspecial,purposebuiltcradleandworkingplatformthatwrappedroundallfoursidesofthepiers.Thepiersare21mlongand8.5mwideatthebaseandtaperingto2.5wideattheapex.Theendsoftheplatformwereadjustabletocompensateforthechangingwidthofthepiers.Thewholeplatformwassupportedandraisedandloweredonwireropes,which

went up to pulleys on asteelsupportcradleatthetopofthepierandbackdowntofoursynchronisedwinchesanchoredatgroundlevel.

Conjetmodifiedastandardrobotfeedbeamtofitontoandrunalongarackontheinnersidesoftheplatforminthefixedspacebetweenthepierandtheplatform.AConjetComputerControlUnit,alsomountedontheplatform,wasusedtocontrolthefeedbeamandintegraljettingnozzle.AConjet345-400kWPowerpackatgroundlevelprovidedthehigh-pressurewaterat1000barandflowof200l/mintothefeedbeam’snozzle.Thefeedbeamandnozzle,travellingbackandforthalongtheplatform’srack,selectivelyremoveddamagedconcretetoadepthof70mmandbelowany

exposedreinforcing.Theprocesscontinuedononefaceofapierastheplatformwasslowlyraisedtothetop.Oncompletionofremovaloftheconcretefromoneface,theplatformwasloweredandtheConjetfeedbeammovedtoanothersideoftheplatformfortheprocesstoberepeatedonall

Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In Italy

T

Repairs to the Rio Verde viaduct were performed from a special, purpose built cradle and working platform that wrapped round all four sides of the piers and supported by wire ropes connected to winches at ground level.

The 2009 American WJTA Conference And Expo is supported in part by

August 18-20, 2009 Marriott Houston Westchase Hotel l Houston, Texas

FS Solutions

GMA Garnet (USA) Corp.

Gardner Denver Water Jetting Systems

Guzzler Manufacturing

High Pressure Equipment Company

IGEMS Software

Jet Edge

Jetstream of Houston, LLP

Parker Hannifin-EPD

Peinemann Equipment

StoneAge, Inc.

Terydon, Inc.

TurtleSkin WaterArmor by Warwick Mills

VLN Advanced Technologies, Inc.

Vacuum Truck Rentals, LLC

(continuedonpage23)


ABSTRACT

Whenconfiguringawaterblastsystem,it is necessary to determine thepressure, flow rate and componentsto effectively complete a job. Thepurposeofthispaperistodescribeandexplain the considerations involvedin selecting the best combination ofpumpandequipment.Parameterssuchas deposit properties, pressure loss,nozzleeffectiveness,standoffdistance,and rotation speed are discussed andshownhow toevaluate toachieve themosteffectivecombination.

1. INTRODUCTION

Theplanningofawaterblastoperationbegins with determining the type ofmaterialtoberemovedandthesizeandshapeoftheequipmenttobecleaned;thesearefixedparametersonwhichtheselectionofpressure,flowandtoolingare based. The access is often fixed,but insomesituationsprovisionsmaybe provided by the plant to allow formore effective cleaning operations.The time allowed for setup andcleaning may be somewhat variable,but isstillacontrollingfactor.Justasimportant as efficiency, the safety ofthe operatorsmust also be taken intoconsiderationwhenselectingthemeansforperformingthecleaning.

2. SELECTION OF PRESSURE AND FLOW

2.1 Material Properties

Thejettingpropertiesofthematerialtobe removed and the surface towhichthematerial is attached determine theselection of the operating pressureand flow rate. Every material has aminimum energy impact at which it

will begin to be cut or fractured by awaterjet;thisisknownasthethreshold.If the material is being removed bycutting, such as a rubber lining orother thick non-brittle deposits, ormaterialswellbondedtothesurfacetobecleaned,themostefficientpressuretooperateatistypicallythreetimestheminimumpressureatwhichthewaterjetjust begins to cut the material. If thematerial is brittle, thin, and not wellbondedtothesurface,higherflowratesat pressures just above the thresholdcanbemoreeffectiveandefficientthanincreasedpressure.

Foragivenflowratefromapump,theflowisdividedamongtheorificesusedinthecleaninghead.Asthequantityoforificesisincreasedinahead,theorificesizesmust all get smaller tomaintainthe same flow rate. If the materialdeposit is thick andmassive amountsof material need to be removed, thefewestpossible,largestorificesshouldbe used. For thin deposits, or if justthe top surface of amaterial needs tobeevenlyremoved,thenmore,smallerorificesshouldbeused.

2.2 Pressure Loss

Another consideration when selectingtheoperatingpressureandflow is thepressurelossthroughthehoses,fittings,and the tooling used, particularly insmall tube cleaning and in long runsthroughpipes.Pressurelossoverlongruns from the pump to the cleaningsite should also be considered. Thepressure loss is determined from theinside diameter and the length of thehoseorlancebeingusedandtheflowrate passing through. The operatingpressure has no effect on the amountof loss, but it is used to determinethe pressure at the nozzle orifice. Tocalculate the pressure loss through ahoseorlance,equation1isused.

(1)Pressureloss(MPa)=(Flow(lpm)/(.387x(I.D.ofhose(mm)2.5/Length

ofhose(m).5)))2

(1)Pressureloss(psi)=(Flow(gpm)/(53x(I.D.ofhose(in.)2.5/Lengthof

hose(ft).5)))2

Theallowablepressurelossdependsonseveralparameters.Ifaspecificpressureisknowntoremovethematerialbeingcleaned, the pressure loss subtractedfromthepressureatthepumpmustbeequaltoorgreaterthanthispressure,asinequation2.

(2)Pressureatnozzleorifice=Pressureatpump–Pressureloss

The maximum power combinationof pressure andflowoccurswhen thepressure loss equals 1/3 of the pumppressure, and the maximum pullingforce occurs when the pressure lossequals1/2ofthepumppressure.Innocaseshouldpressurelossbemorethan1/2ofthepumppressure.

When cleaning small diameter tubesin heat exchangers, the size of thetube being cleaned limits the size oftheflex or rigid lance, and the lengthoflanceisdeterminedbythelengthofthe tubes being cleaned. In this case,theflowratewillbedeterminedbytheallowablepressureloss.Ifapumpistobe operated at 138MPa (20,000 psi),and it isknownthatat least103MPa(15,000psi)isneededtocleanthetube,andthelancetobeusedhasaninsidediameterof4mmandalengthof15m(50ft),themaximumflowrateshouldbelimitedto21lpm(5.5gpm),asthisproduces apressure lossof34.5MPa(5,000 psi).

Whenmakinglongrunsfromthepumptothecleaninglocationwithinaplant,

Configuring A Waterblast System By: D. Wright and S. Hardy, StoneAge, Inc., Durango, Colorado, U.S.A.

(continuedonpage10)


singwaterjetsforhydrodemo- litionisnotnewsanymore.AreviewofSchmid’sarticle*of20yearsagorefreshesourmemoryandprovidessomebasicfactsaboutthistechnologyforthosewhoareinter-ested.Butkeepitinmindthatsomenumbersmayneedupdating.

Therewereabout250,000bridgesthatneededtoberepairedintheUSAandthemoneyfortherepairworkamountedtoapproximately4.4bil-liondollars.Freezeandthawcyclingcausesmicro-crackingintheconcretestructure.Thesemicro-cracksallowwaterandchloridebasedde-icerstoreachandcorrodethesteelreinforc-ingbarlattice.Theexpandingforceofthecorrosionfurthercracksthesurroundingconcrete.Torepairthedamagedconcretestructure,thetoplayerofconcreteneedstoberemovedtoexposethesteelrebarfromtopandbelow.Thetraditionaltoolsforthistypeofrepairworkarejackhammers.Thesizeofjackhammerislimitedto30poundstopreventadditionaldam-agecausedbytheimpact.

Hydrodemolitionequipmentin-cludesahighpressurewaterpump,acuttingheadmountedonacuttingrobot(tractor),andacarryingtruck.Thehighpressurepumpisdiesel-drivenandrunsatapressurefrom13,000to35,000psiandawaterflowratebetween13to70GPM(300–500horsepowers).Thehighpressurecuttingheadcanmoveonalineartraversemechanismbackandforthperpendiculartothedirectionoftravelofthetractor.Themultiplewaterjetsarepositionedsuchthattheycanremovetheconcreteaboveandbelowthesteelrebar.Theproductivityofasinglehydrodemolitionunitisabout20-30cubitfeetperhour,equivalent

Hydrodemolition Of Concrete Surfaces

toapproximately20jackhammers.Itcostsabout12USdollarspercubitfoot.Itismorecosteffectivethanthelabor-intensivejackhammeringwherethelaborcostsaremorethan12USdollarsperhour.Itismoresuitableforlargeprojectsthatneedtoremove5,000cubicfeetormoreofconcreteandwhentheprojectscheduleistight.

Testsweredonetocomparethebondstrengthofanoverlaidsurfacethatwaspreparedwithhydrodemo-litionversuswithjackhammering.Thetestresultsindicated2.3timeshigherinshearstrengthand3.1timeshigherinpull-offstrengthinfavorofhydrodemolition.Peterographic

U

August 2009 WJTA on the web: www.wjta.org Page 9

(continuedonpage20)

thedesiredoperatingpressureandflowistypicallyconsideredtobefixed,andthehosesizeisincreasedtoreducethepressure loss. Another alternative in thiscaseistoruntwohosesinparallelasfaraspossiblebeforecombiningtheflow into a single hose. This reducespressure loss because only half theflow rate is passing through eachseparatehose.Forexample,if151lpm(40 gpm)will be used, and the pumpis60m(200ft)fromthecleaningsite,asingle13mmhosewouldproduceapressurelossof25MPa(3600psi).Iftwo13mmhoseswereusedinparallel,thepressurelosswouldonlybe6MPa(900psi).Thebestsolutionistousealarger hose, such as 19 mm, throughwhich only 3.5MPa (500 psi) wouldbelost.

2.3 Standoff Distance

The size and shape of the equipmentbeing cleaned, aswell as thewaterjettooling being used determine thestandoffdistance,whichisthedistancethatthejetmusttravelthroughtheairfromtheexitoftheorificetothesurfacebeingcleaned.Asajettravelsthroughthe air, it loses power at a rate inversely proportionaltotheorificediameter.Thislosshasbeenmeasuredbytesting,andatypicalchartoftheseresultsisshownin Figure 1. If you are at a standoffdistance of 400 nozzle diameters, thejetpowerwillbe40%ofwhatitwouldbewithnostandoffdistance.Soifyouare operating at 69MPa (10,000 psi)at thepump, theimpactat thesurfaceiscomparableto27.6MPa(4,000psi)inthiscase.Todeterminethestandoffdistanceinnozzlediameters,dividethestandoffdistancebytheorificesize;forexample,thisratiowitha610mm(24in.) standoff distance using a 1.6mm(.062in.)nozzleis387.

If it is known that thematerial to beremovedrequiresanequivalentimpactofatleast34.5MPa(5000psi),onecan

usethiscurvetocalculatethe required combinationof pressure and flow toachieve this. Increasingflow while keeping thepressureat69MPa(10,000psi)wouldincreasethesizeof the orifice being used,thuschangingtheratioofstandoffdistancetonozzlediameter. To achieve arelative impact of 50%,theorificesizewouldhavetobeincreasedtoachievea ratio of 250; the orificesize can be determinedfrom this by dividing the610mm (24 in.) standoffdistance by 250, whichwouldbea2.4mm(.096in.)orifice.

The other approachwould be to increase theoperating pressure; if itwere increased to 103MPa (15,000 psi), thepower could deteriorateto 33% and still achievethe relative impact of34.5MPa(5000psi).Thisoccurs at a ratio of 550,resultinginanorificesizeof 1.1mm (.044 in.)Thepower to produce thesetwopossiblecombinationscanbecomparedaswell:thelowerpressure,higherflowrequires100kW(134hp),whilethehigherpressure,lowerflowrequiresonly42kW(56hp).Whileitisobviouswhichisthemostefficient,thedecisionmay be based on available pumps,hoses,fittingsandtooling.

Insomesituations,itispossibletouseextension arms to reduce the standoffdistance, which has an additionalbeneficial side effect beyond justmovingthejetclosertothesurfacetobecleaned.Theextensionarmactsasa

flowstraightenerforthewatergoingtothenozzleorifice, resulting in amorecoherent jet that travels further withless deterioration. Figure 2 comparesthe curves for jet performance withan extension arm to the curve fromFigure1,whichwasmeasuredwith ajetexitingdirectlyfromanozzlehead,asillustratedinFigure3.

Configuring A Waterblast System, frompage8

(continuedonpage14)

Figure 1. Jet Performance Relative to Standoff Distance

Figure 3. Illustration of Nozzle Exiting Head and Nozzle

Exiting from Extension Arm

NozzleHead

High Pressure Water Inlet

Extension Arm

Good Upstream ConditionsPoor Upstream Conditions

Nozzle

Figure 2. Relative Jet Performance of Extension Arm Compared to Directly Exiting Nozzle Head


inuseissufficientlyratedfortheoperatingpressure.”

AccordingtoBullard,Jetstream’ssafetydecalsincorporatebothashapeandacolorsothattheybecomemorerecognizableasuseofthevisualsafetysystemincreases.

“Wehaveplanstoexpandthevisualsafetysystemtoincludespecialrollsofcolor-codedtapetomarksmallertoolsandcomponents,aswellashosesandlances,”Bullardsays.

Inadditiontothenewvisualsafetysystem,Bullardaddedthatoperatorsafetycanbefurtherenhancedbyparticipatinginoperatortraining,practicinggeneralsafetyprecautionsandwearingprotectiveclothingandsafetyapparelincludingfaceshields,safetygoggles,hardhats,glovesandboots.

irtuallyallindustrialhigh- pressurewaterblastingequipmentandcomponentsaremarkedinsomewaywithapressurerating.However,withthewiderangeofoperatingpressuresandtheoftenconfusingarrayofconnectiontypes—coupledwiththehighlaborturnoverresultinginonlymarginallytrainedoperators—thereisanincreasedriskthatcontrolgunoperatorsmightconnectaninsufficientlyratedtooltothesystem.Overtime,thepressureratingmarkedontheunitmightbecomecoveredinmuckorabrasion,orwornbeyondlegibility.Intheeventtheoperatorisinahurryorgetsdistracted,thepressureratingontheequipmentmaynotevenbeconfirmedbeforestartingtheprojectathand.

Tohelpcontractorcustomersvisuallyidentifythepressureratingofthehand-heldcontrolgunsusedinindustrialcleaningandsurfacepreparationapplications,Jetstream,aleadingmanufacturerofindustrialhigh-pressurewaterblastingequipmentoperatedatpressuresupto40,000psi,recentlydevelopedauniquesafetydecalsystemforwaterblastingequipmentandcomponents.

“AtJetstream,we’recommittedtocreatingasafer,moreproductiveworkingenvironmentforourcustomersandthepeopleandfacilitiesaroundthem,”saysMikeBullard,partsmarketingspecialistatJetstream.“Withinputfromourcustomerswedevisedaseriesofcolor-codeddecalsthatcanbeappliedtoallwaterblastingequipmentandcomponents—notjustcontrolguns.”

ThenewJetstreamvisualsafetysystemincludesasafetysignandfourdecalsinhigh-visibilitycolorstorepresentthefourmostcommonwaterpressureratingsusedinwaterblasting.Deviceswitha10,000psiratingare

Color-Coded Safety Decals Help Operators Identify Various Pressure Ratings Jetstream Creates Visual Safety

Jetstream Creates Visual Safety System For Waterblasting Equipmentcodedyellow,whiledevicesratedfor15,000psi,20,000psiand40,000psiarecodedgreen,blueandpurplerespectively.

“Safetyisahighpriorityatthefacilitiesservicedbyourcontractorcustomers.Thesafetyofficersandforemanatthesefacilitieswanttheircontractorstocomplywithgoodsafetypractices,”Bullardsays.“Withourvisualsafetysystem,theintentistohavethesafetysignpostedeitherontheunitoroutsidetheblastingareatoidentifythepressureratingassociatedwitheachdecal.Thoseresponsibleforensuringsafetycanthenreadthepressuregaugeonthewaterblastunit,identifythedistinct,highlyvisiblecolorofthedecalonthecontrolgunfromasafedistanceandcheckthesigntoverifythatthecontrolgun

V


(continuedonpage24)

Booth #421B

andforcedlubrication.Withthisaddition,OHPnowoffersdirectdrivepumpsat30,100,160,200,and300hp.OHPpumpsarebuiltonthesametechnologythathasbeenusefortheUHPwatercuttingindustry.Thesame

toneAgeannouncesthereleaseof TheTorus,anew3Dtankcleaningtool.TheTorusisadirectreplacementforboththeHurricaneandCyclean3Dtools.TheTorusiscapableofhandlingpressuresfrom5k–22kpsibychangingthemanifoldandinletcoupling.StoneAgeoffersthreemanifoldsthatcontrolflowsfrom17-80gpm.Themanifoldsboltonandoffwithease,allowingforquickandeasyadaptationtodifferentworkingpressuresandapplications.

ThemostimpressivefeatureoftheTorusisthesimplicityofthedesignandiseasilyrepairableinthefield.Ithasveryfewpartsandcanbeassembledwithcommonhandtools.Andasweallknow,easymaintenancemeansreduceddowntime.

StoneAge Introduces The New 3D Torus TheTorusoffersalonglastinganddurablemagneticspeedcontrol.WhileoperatingtheTorusanoperatorcanquicklyadjustthemagneticrotationspeedtoeffortlesslyadapttodifferentapplications.Theoperatorsimplyadjuststhisdialtodecreasethespeedfordifficultapplicationsandincreasethespeedfortheeasierapplications.

TherearetwoprimarycomponentsinsidetheTorus,thespeedcontrolandtheangleblockassembly.Themagneticspeedcontrolcanbereplacedasa

S completeunit,whichiseasilyaccessedwiththeremovalofthecoverplates. This 3D tool has accessoriesdesignedtoachievethebestresults.TheTR408-SSCageCentralizerisusedinapplicationswheredebrisorinternalstructuresmayinterferewiththecleaningoperation. For vessels over 12ftindiameterStoneAgerecommendsusinginexpensiveandversatileExtensionNipplesandPositioningBooms.

Visitstoneagetools.comorcall866-795-1586

forallthetechnicalspecificationsandoperationmanuals.

HPrecision(Taiwan),withover 25yearsofmanufacturingexperienceofUHPpumpsandafter-marketsparepartsofleadingwaterjetbrands,hasintroducedthelatestadditiontoitsdirectdrivepumpproductline:H100/UH100pump.Itspressurerangeisfrom20Kto50Kpsi,andthedetaildatasheetisshowninthechartbelow.Itfeaturescompactsize,easyfieldmaintenance,

New UHP Direct Drive Pump

O

Type HP / kW STROKE PLUNGER DIA.PRESSURE (psi

/ bar)Flow Rate (gpm

/ lpm)Power Speed

(rpm)Pump Speed

(rpm)Reduce

RateH100-20K 91 / 68 60 16 20,300 / 1,400 7 / 26.7 1500 738 2.034

H100-20K 92 / 69 60 16 20,300 / 1,400 7.1 / 26.9 1800 743 2.423

H100-30K 109 / 81 60 16 29,000 / 2,000 5.9 / 22.4 1500 619 2.423

H100-30K 105 / 79 60 16 29,000 / 2,000 5.6 / 21.4 1800 592 3.04

UH100-40K 100 / 75 60 12 40,000 / 2,760 4 / 15 1800 743 2.423

UH100-40K 100 / 75 60 12 40,000 / 2,760 4 / 15 1500 738 2.034

UH100-50K 100 / 75 60 12 50,000 / 3,450 3.1 / 12 1800 592 3.04

UH100-50K 106 / 80 60 12 50,000 / 3,450 3.3 / 12.6 1500 619 2.423

high-pressuresealsthatendure60Kpsiarenow“soothed”withloweroperatingpressure.

Formoreinformation,contactOHP’sUSsalesofficeQualJetat(866)[email protected].(QualJetisthepublisheroftheonlineQuality Waterjet Newsletter.)Comeandvisitourbooth#421at2009WJTAConferenceinHouston,TX.


LBCorp.hasrelocatedits Houston-areabranchtolargerquarterstobetterservecustomerswhoneedhigh-pressurewaterjetunits,accessoriesandservice.Thenew,10,800-square-footfacilityismorethantwicethesizeoftheoneNLBoccupiedfortheprevious20yearsandislocatedjustminutesawayat11506SpencerHighway,LaPorte,Texas.Thetelephonenumberremainsthesame:(281)471-7761.

ThenewbranchhasNLBhigh-pressureandultra-highpressurewaterjetpumpunitsforsale,rentorleasewithawiderangeofwaterjetaccessories.ThesearedisplayedwithaconvertibleNLBpumpunitinan800-square-footshowroom,thoughttobethelargestintheindustry.Thereisalsoalargeservicearea,apartsdepartmentwithasubstantial

New Location For NLB Branch In Texas

inventory,andatrainingroomforcustomers’operatingandmaintenancepersonnel.

TheNLBTexasbranchisstaffedbyfactory-trainedprofessionalswithmanyyearsofwaterjetindustryexperience.TheyareledbymanagerLarrySlavin,whosequarter-centuryintheindustryincludes15yearswithNLB.

NLBCorp.,aleaderinhigh-pressureandultra-highpressure

N

waterjetproductivity,manufacturesafulllineofqualitywaterjettingsystemsandaccessoriesforcontractorandindustrialuses.Theseincludeproductremoval,surfacepreparation,pavementstripeandrubberremoval,tankandtubecleaning,concretehydrodemolition,concreteandpipecutting,andmore.

Formoreinformation,visitwww.nlbcorp.com.

Jet-Brick

Material:

Colors:

Sizes:

Call or email us for a quote!

by PR Specialty Products, Inc.

Specializing in custom lengths up to 96"


Booth #303B

Figure 4. Self-Rotary Nozzle with Extension Arms and Centralizer for

Large Pipe Cleaning

Figure 5. Self-Rotary Nozzle for Cleaning Pipe with Elbows

Figure 6. Use of a Rigid Stinger in Pipe Cleaning to Prevent Tool from

Turning Around in Pipe

3. SELECTION OF TOOLING

Theselectionof tooling touseon theendof the hose is primarily basedonwhatwillfit into thepipeorvessel tobecleaned,andongettingthejetscloseenough to the surface being cleanedto be effective. The other criteria intool selection are pressure and flowcapacityofthetool,thepossibleportingconfigurations, and the rotation speedrange. 3.1 Pipe Cleaning

Thebasicparametersfortoolselectioninpipecleaningarethepipediameter,whether the pipe is straight or haselbows, and the length of the run.Depending on the difficulty of thematerial to be removed, the use ofcentralizersandextensionarmsmaybeneededtoreducethestandoffdistanceinlargerpipes,andwhetherthepipehasscaleorispartiallyorfullyblockedwilldetermine the location andnumberoforifices in thecleaninghead.Rotationspeedoftheheadisdeterminedbythesize of the pipe and the nature of thedeposittoberemoved.

3.1.1 Tool Selection

Manysizesandconfigurationsofself-rotarypipecleaningtoolsareavailable.Typically,largertoolsaremoredurableand have greater flow capacities thansmaller tools. Figure 4 illustrates aself-rotary tool with a centralizer andextension arms as would be used instraightrunsofpipelargerthan305mm(12in.)diameter,whileFigure5showsa shorter self-rotary tool specificallydesignedforuseinpipeswithelbows.Alwaysmakesurethattherigidlengthofthetoolandhoseendisatleast1.5timestheinsidediameterofthepipetoprevent the tool from turning around;usearigidstingerbetweenthehoseandthetoolifnecessarytoachievethis,asshown in Figure 6.The toolwill still

beable togoaroundanelbowat this1.5 ratio.

3.1.2 Jetting Configurations

Self-rotary tools have the advantageofusingfewerandthuslargerorificesthannon-rotaryheadswhileachievingcompletecoverageof thewallsof thepipe being cleaned. The location andquantity of the orifices in the rotaryheadaredependentonwhetherthepipeis blocked requiring forward facingjets,orhasscaleonthewalls,requiringoutward (radial) jets, and how muchpulling force is needed, requiringrearward facing jets.Orificesofequalsizesshouldbeinstalledoppositeeachothertobalancetheheadfromsidetoside.

When a tool is making a horizontalrun,eachpoundofpullingforcefromthejetswillpullbetween1.5and3m(5and10ft)ofhose,dependingontheweight of the hose and the vibrationcreated by the pump pulsations. If atoolmustclimbstraightup,thejetpullmustbeatleastequaltotheweightofthetoolandtheweightofthelengthofhosebeinglifted.

3.1.3 Rotation Speed

The rotation speed of the head islimited by the available speed rangeofthetoolbeingused,butmanyhaveadjustablespeed.Rotatingslowerthannecessarywillincreasethetimeittakesto complete the cleaning, as the rateatwhich the tool isadvanced throughthepipeshouldbereduced toachievecomplete coverage. However, in thecaseofverythickdepositsonthepipewall, a slower rotation speedmay bemost effective. The jet can penetratethrough the deposit and by means ofpressurizingbetweenthepipewallandthematerial,causethematerialtobreakloosefromthepipewall.


The maximum rotation speed isdependentonthediameterofthepipeand the standoffdistance.As thepipegetslarger,thejetwillbemovingfasteracrossthesurfaceforthesamerotationspeed.Inapipewith305mm(12in.)diameterandaheadrotating300rpm,the surface speed is 4.6m/s (15 ft/s);the same rotation speed in a 915mm(36 in.) pipe has a surface speed of14.3m/s(47ft/s).Theeffectofsurfacespeed is shown in Figure 7; at closestandoff distance, a surface speed ofup to 16.8m/s (55 ft/s) doesnot loseany effectiveness, but as the standoff

(continuedonpage17)


etEdge,Inc.hasavailableanewvideofeaturingits MidRailGantrywaterjetcuttingmachine.Thevideocanbeviewedatwww.jetedge.com.

Inthevideo,JetEdgehighlightstheperformancefeaturesandcapabilitiesofitslatestwaterjetcuttingsystem,whichiscapableofcuttingvirtuallyanymaterial.TheJetEdgeMidRailGantrywaterjetsystemfeaturesanexposedtankthateasilyaccommodatesoverheadloading.Itcomesstandardwithoneabrasivejet

Jet Edge Mid Rail Gantry Waterjet Cutting Machine Featured In New Video

J

etEdge,Inc.,hasintroducedtheiP36-280DS diesel-poweredwaterjetintensiferpump,idealforuseinremoteand/ormobilelocationswhereelectricityisscarce,theiP36-280DSispoweredbyareliable280hpCumminsturbodieselenginethatmeetsdomesticandinternationalTier3emissionsstandards.Itiscapableofproducingaflowrateofupto7.2gallons(27liters)perminuteof36,000 psi (2,500 bar)ultra-highpressurewaterforwaterjetcutting,surfacepreparationandcleaningapplications.

TheiP36-280DSwaterjetintensifierpumputilizesapressure-compensatedhydraulicsystemtodrivedualplunger-styleintensifiers.TheuseofhydraulicfluidpowerprovidessmoothflowingUHPwaterresultinginlongsystemlife.Reliableandprecisecontroloftheelectronicallyshiftedintensifiersensuressuperiorperformancestandardswithreducedoperatingcosts.Thewaterjetpumpisbuiltonaskid-mountedframewithliftingeyesandforkliftguidesprovidedforincreasedmobility.Italsoisavailableina55,000psi(4,100bar)model.

Formoreinformation,visitwww.jetedge.comorcall1-800-JET-EDGE(538-3343).

Jet Edge 36K 280hp Diesel-Powered Waterjet Intensifier Pump


cuttinghead;asecondcuttingheadcanbeaddedtoincreaseproductivity.TheMidRailGantryisavailableinawiderangeofsizes,including5'x5',5'x13',8'x5',8'x13',21'x5'and21'x13'.

TheMidRailGantryisball-screwdrivenforhigheraccuracy.Itssturdyheavy-walltubularsteelconstructioneliminatesvibrationandincreaseslongevity.TheMidRailGantryutilizesanindustrialPCcontrollerandcanbeconfiguredsothatallthreeaxesarefullyprogrammable(Zoptional).Italsofeaturesdirect-coupleACbrushlessdigitalservomotorsandsingleordoublecarriages.Criticalbearingcomponentsareprotectedwithheavymetalcoverswithbrushseals.Optionalmirroringcapabilitiesmakeitpossibletocutpartcycletimeinhalf.

TheJetEdgeMidRailGantryispoweredbyaJetEdgewaterjetintensifierpump.JetEdgewaterjetpumpsareavailablein60,000psi(4,100bar)and90,000psi(6,200bar)models,andrangeinhorsepowerfrom30hpto280hp.LikeallJetEdgewaterjets,theMidRailGantryisproudlymadeintheU.S.A.

Formoreinformation,visitwww.jetedge.com,[email protected],call1-800-JET-EDGE(538-3343)or763-497-8700.

J

etEdge,Inc.hasannouncedthat SunnyLimitedofTokyo,Japan,hasbeenselectedasitsnewwaterjetsystemsdistributorforJapan.SunnyLimitedisauthorizedtosell,installandserviceJetEdgewaterjetintensifierpumps,waterjetcuttingmachinesandwaterblasting,surfacepreparationandcleaningequipmentthroughoutJapan.

SunnyLimitedisawell-establishedimporter/exporterofindustrialequipmentwithnearly50yearsofindustrialexperience.ThecompanyoperatesfromitsheadofficeinTokyoandsevenotherofficesthroughoutJapanincludingKagoshima,Osaka,Nagoya,Fukuoka,Takatsuki,Yokohama,andTsukuba.LikeJetEdge,SunnyLimitedprovides

JJet Edge Selects Distributors in Japan and Canada

24/7/365technicalsupportandservicetotheircustomersfortheproductstheyimportanddistribute.

FormoreinformationaboutSunnyLimited,visitwww.sunnyltd.co.jp,[email protected].

JetEdge,Inc.hasalsoannouncedthatElliott-MatsuuraCanadaInc.hasbeenselectedasitsexclusivewaterjetsystemsdistributorforCanada.Ascoast-to-coastdistributorofJetEdgewaterjets,Elliott-MatsuuracarriesJetEdge’sfulllineofprecisionwaterjetcuttingequipment,includingwaterjetcuttingmachinesandwaterjetintensifierpumps.Thecompany’sserviceengineersareauthorizedtoprovideinstallation,repairs,

calibrationandmaintenanceforJetEdgewaterjetequipment.

BasedinOakville,Ontario,Elliott-MatsuuraCanadaInc.hasbeensupplyingandsupportingqualitymachinetoolstotheCanadianmetalcuttingindustrysince1950.

FormoreinformationaboutElliott-MatsuuraCanadaInc.,visithttp://elliottmachinery.com,call905-829-2211 [email protected].

FormoreinformationaboutJetEdgewaterjets,visitwww.jetedge.com,call1-800-JET-EDGE(538-3343),[email protected].


Booth #305A

distance increases, the maximumsurfacespeeddecreasesto13.7m/s(45ft/s)beforeshowingdeterioration.Thisbecomesaveryimportantconsiderationin very large pipes, tanks, and stackcleaning,wherediametersof3m (10ft) ormore are common.With a 3m(10 ft) diameter vessel, the rotationspeedshouldbenomorethan80rpmtomaintainasurfacespeedof12m/s(40ft/s)orless.Thesurfacespeedinaroundpipeorvesseliscalculatedusingequation3.

(3)SurfaceSpeed(m/s)=RPMxDiameter(m)/19.1

(3)SurfaceSpeed(ft/s)=RPMxDiameter(ft)/19.1

3.2 Tube Cleaning

Tube cleaning may be done by handheld flex lancing, machines that feedflex lances, or rigid lances mountedon a machine, with rotation providedby a motor. There exists two basictube cleaning jobs, those with scaleon the walls of the tubes but tubesare otherwise open, and completelyplugged tubes. Cleaning of scaledtubes isoftenreferredtoaspolishing.Becauseofthesmallsizesofhosesorlancesused,theflowratemayneedtobelimitedtominimizepressurelosses.

3.2.1 Nozzle Selection

Tubenozzlesare typicallyeithernon-rotatingtipswithasmanyas20orifices,self-rotarynozzleswith2to7orificesthat are installed on the end of a nonrotatingflexorrigidlance,ortipswith2to7orificestobeinstalledontheendofarotatinglance.Aswithpipecleaning,the use of rotation allows completecoveragewith fewer, larger jets. Thetubesizedeterminesthemaximumsizeof the lance tip and the lance.Whencleaningpluggedtubes,thenozzleusedshouldbeno larger than2/3 to3/4ofthetubediameter.Thenozzlediameter

shouldbelargerthanany couplings orhoseendstopreventmaterial fromcatch-ingonthese.

3.2.2 Jetting Configurations

Flex lance nozzlesare usually jettedto produce severalpounds of pullingforce;thisisaccom-plished by the useof rearward facingjets. In unpluggingpatterns, this re-quires about 60%of the water tothe back jets; thiswater is practically wasted, as therearwardfacingjetsaretoopoorinjetquality to do much effective materialremoval. They are only there toprovidecounterbalanceto theforwardfacing jets, andwhen a rigid lance isused on a securely supported lancingmachine,thereisnoneedforbackwardfacingjets.Thereisnoextraflushingprovidedbytherearwardfacingjets;inapluggedtube,thewaterhasnowhere

elsetogobutoutthecleanendofthetube,carryingcuttingswithit.

3.2.3 Rotation Speed

The same surface speed parametersapply in tube cleaning as in pipecleaning; the biggest difference beingthemuchsmallersizeof the tubes. Ina25mm(1in.)tube,therotationspeedtoachievethemaximumrecommended

Figure 7. Effect of Surface Speed on Jet Performance

(continuedonpage19)

Booth #309, 310B



ince1971,thepeopleof KMThaveworkedwithextremepressureproductsandhavebuiltastrongreputationforreliableproductsandexcellentsupport.ThelineofPSCproducts,allmanufacturedbyKMT,leveragetheexperienceanddelivertheperformanceKMTcustomershavegrowntoknowandexpect.

PSC for Pressures to 20K, 30K, 40K, 66K, 100K and 150K

PSCweredevelopedonthebasisofcustomerinputandKMT’sexperiencewithextremepressuresystems.Keyattributesidentifiedastopneedsbeforedevelopmentbeganweredurability,reliabilityandavailability.

PSCpartsaredesignedwithfeaturesthatmakethemdurableandreliableevenintheharshestenvironments.Forexample,thehigh-pressurevalvesweremadewithheavy-dutymetalhandles,machinedwithfingergripsandgivenhighergradestainlesssteelvalvestems.

Precision System Components (PSC) From KMT Waterjet ThepartsarestockedinlargequantitiestoallowquickdeliverybyKMTWaterjetSystemsandagrowingnetworkofleadingdistributors(OEM).

KMTWaterjetSystemshasastrongreputationforresponsiveness,serviceandreliableequipment.TheseattributeswerecarriedovertothePSCline,wherethenewvalvesweredeepcycletestedforperformance.

The net result is a new line ofvalves,fittingsandtubingthataremadeusingprecisionproductionmachines,bettermaterialsandnewdesigns.Eveninthetoughestenvironments,PSCpartsofferperformancethatisunmatchedbyothermanufacturers.

FormoreinformationaboutPSCpartsortoplaceanorder,call(814)835-3600ore-mail:pscsales@kmtwaterjet.

com.Downloadacatalogatkmtwaterjet.com/multimediapage.

S

MTAqua-Dyne’snewwebsiteisnowonline.Thenewsite hasbeenredesignedwithimprovednavigationfunctionstoviewAqua-Dyne’sextensivechoicesofwaterblastingproducts.

Thenewwebsiteprovidesinformationonwaterblastingsolutionsusedinindustrialcleaning,pipecleaning,surfacepreparation,hydrostatictesting,hydrodemolition,striperemoval,pumpingunitsandforwaterblastingparts.

ViewthenewKMTAqua-Dynewebsiteatwww.aqua-dyne.com.

KMT Aqua-Dyne Launches New Website

K


WJTAListServ - A Free Service To WJTA Members

The WJTAListServ enables you to take advantage of prompt email interaction with your colleagues. WJTAListServ is a FREE email broadcast system developed by WJTA to help you communicate and network with other waterjet professionals.

Participation is limited to WJTA members in good standing. You must sign up in order to participate. To sign up for the WJTAListServ, contact Beth at the WJTA office by email: [email protected], phone: 314-241-1445, or fax: 314-241-1449.

surface speed of 16.8m/s (55 ft/s) is12,600rpm,whichiswhythehighspeedself rotarynozzles canbe effective insmalltubecleaning.Butwiththishighspeed comes rapid deterioration withstandoff distance, so a nozzle with alargerdiametershouldbeusedinlargertubes.

3.2.4 Feed Rate

In both tube and pipe cleaning, anestimatedfeedratecanbedeterminedusing the rotation speed and thenumber and size of the jets. This isonlyanestimation,asthematerialmayneedtobehitseveral timesbythe jetbeforebeingcompletelyremoved,butitdoesserveasausefulstartingpoint.Equation4isusedtocalculatethefeedrate. Typically a jet spreads and hasan effective impact path greater thantheorificediameter;thisfactormaybeincludedasamultipleinthisequation.

(4)FeedRate(mm/min)=RPMxNumberofJetsxOrificeDiameter

(mm)xJetSpread

(4)FeedRate(in./min)=RPMxNumberofJetsxOrificeDiameter

(in.)xJetSpread

3.3 Vessel and Tank Cleaning

Largetanksandvesselscanbeamongthemostdifficult cleaningchallengesduetotheirlargesize,limitedandconfinedspace access and internal geometries.Thesimplestequipmenttouseisa3-Dtype tool, although the most efficientmeans is a 2-D toolmoved along theaxis of the vessel. Unfortunately, inmost tanks this is not possible due tocentral obstructions such as agitators.Standoff distances can be quite large;the effective cleaning range can beestimatedasexplainedinSection2.3ofthispaper.Rotationspeedandsurface


speedarealsoimportantconsiderationsduetothelargesizeofthevesselsbeingcleaned.

The simplestmethod for using a 3-Dtool is tohang itby thehighpressurehoseasshowninFigure8.A3-Dtoolis most effective if left in place tooperate through a cleaning cycle, asopposed to continuouslymoving it as

isdonewitha2-Dtypetool. Severaltypesofpositionersfor3-Dtoolsallowplacingthetoolclosertothesurfacetobecleaned,andtopositionthetoolonthefarsideofobstructions,asshowninFigures9and10.

Largediametertanks,stacksandvesselsthathaveanopencenterandameansof

(continuedonpage20)


Booths #312, 313B

examinationalsoindicatedthepresenceofmicro-cracksbelowthejackhammerpre-paredsurfacewhilenonewasfoundbelowthehydrodemolitionpreparedsurface.ArealtestofbridgeworkwasdoneonafreewaybridgeinSeattlewithahydrodemolitionunitoperatingat25,000psiandbetween15and44GPM.Avolumeremovalratefrom12and24cubicfeetperhourwasachievedbychangingthenozzlediameterandthereforetheflowrateandhorsepower(from260to580HP)aswellasbyfixingthehorsepowerandchangingthepressure(from13,000to55,000 psi).

* Schmid, R.F. (1989) High pressure hydromilling of concrete surfaces, Proceedings of the 5th American Water Jet Conference, Toronto, Canada, August 29- 31, Paper 15.

ReprintedbypermissionfromQualityWaterjetNews-letter,June23,2009.

Hydrodemolition of Concrete Surfaces, frompage9

Figure 8. 3-D Cleaning Head Hanging from High

Pressure Hose

Figure 9. Positioning of 3-D Cleaning Head Closer to Wall of Tank

Figure 10. Positioning of 3-D Cleaning Head on Far

Side of Obstruction

Figure 11. 2-D Head in Large Tank and Stack Cleaning


WJTA Administration

Vice-PresidentPat DeBusk

(281)842-8000

Chairman of the BoardJohn Wolgamott(970)259-2869

President/Jet News EditorGeorge A. Savanick, Ph.D.

(952)432-7594

SecretaryHugh B. Miller, Ph.D.

(303)273-3558

2007-2009 Directors

Bill Gaff(815)673-3835

Greg Galecki, Ph.D.(573)341-4938

Mohamed Hashish, Ph.D.(253)850-3500

Bill McClister(713)307-2142

Forrest Shook(248)624-5555

B.T. Steadman(601)933-4650

Emeritus Members

Mark S. Birenbaum, Ph.D. l Kenneth C. Carroll(314)241-1445

TreasurerLarry Loper

(800)289-7447

Andrew F. Conn, Ph.D.(410)532-3452

Thomas J. Kim, Ph.D.(401)874-5991

Thomas J. Labus(262)245-9702

Fun-Den Wang, Ph.D.(303)279-9415

Association Managers

Paul Webster(281)925-4509

accessingthecentercanmosteffectivelybecleanedusinga2-Drotatingtoolthatisslowlyraisedorloweredtoachievecompletecoverage,asshowninFigure11.Inthisfashion,thejetsarealwaysdirectlyaimedatthewallwitharelativelycloseandconstantstandoffdistance.

4. SUMMARY

Therearemanyvariablesinwaterblastcleaningapplications,fromtypesofequipmenttobecleanedtothedepositsthatmustberemoved.Thispapercoveredthebasicstomethodicallyapproachthesetasksandtheparametersthatinfluenceallapplications.

IMPORTANT NOTICE REGARDING SPAMEmail addresses and other member contact information published in the WJTA Mem-bership Directory is meant to encourage helpful, informative communication between members. The information is not provided to circulate spam or junk mail.

The WJTA leadership requests that members respect the contact information of fellow members and not use that information for the dissemination of spam or junk email. Membership information is not meant to be circulated beyond the WJTA membership.


objects,joinsthemandgivesthemthesamecharge.

Grounding–eliminatesthedifferenceinelectricalchargeofaconductivebodytotheground(earth)byaconductivewire.

Whatisthebestmethodofcontrollingstaticchargebuilduponyourvacuumtrucks?Theproperinstallationanduseofcarefullydesignatedruggedbondingandgroundingequipment.

Severalimportantfeaturesofgoodstaticgroundingequipmentare:

Groundingandbondingclamps1. shouldbeequippedwithrugged,sharp,spark-proofpointstoensuremetaltometalcontact.ManytimesthemetalsurfaceshavemanycoatsofpaintorrustthatresistthepropercontactPliertypeclampsmustbemade2. ofcorrosionandspark-proofmaterialandhavearuggedstrongspringLowresistantflexiblecablesare3. amust.TheOSHArequirementofa10orlessOHMresistanceofthecableconnectioncanbemadewithcablesCablescancomeinavariety4. oftypesandlengths,includingstraightstainlesssteelandonretractablereels.

Static Electricity – The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry, frompage2

Theuseofweakalligatorclipsorflatsurfacewieldingclampsoffersafalsesenseofsecurityandmanytimesdon’tmakepropergroundconnection.

Thebondingofhoses,conductivepipewands,andotherpiecesconnectedtogetherforthevacuum

Bond Wire Ground Wire

Now there's a convertible unit with UHP you can always count on.

29830 Beck Road, Wixom, MI 48393 MI: (248) 624-5555, TX: (281) 471-7761 NJ: (856) 423-2211, LA: (225) 622-1666 CA: (562) 490-3277 e-mail: [email protected]

NLB 225: 8,000 psi to 40,000 psiThe new-generation NLB 225 combines the industry's most dependable UHP water jetting with the broadest pressure range of any convertible unit: 8,000 to 40,000 psi.

It's also the easiest unit to convert (just 20-30 minutes), and has a low-rpm pump that reduces wear, downtime and operating costs. And if you already have an NLB 225, you can add UHP with a simple kit!

NLB has more convertible units, more accessories, and more customer support, available at five regional branches. Let us boost your productivity — call 1-877-NLB-7988 or visit www.nlbcorp.com.

NLB. The Leader in Water Jet Productivity.

Convert the NLB 225 to 40,000 psi in just 30 minutes — 20 minutes for lower pressures.

processisessentialtoprovideelectricalcontinuityensuringasafepathforthestaticelectricalbuildup.HoseconnectionsshouldbetestedwithOHMmetersonaperiodicbasistoensuresafeconnections.

(continuedonpage24)


Booths #401, 404B

lowInternationalCorporation hasintroducedtheJetPlexpump,designedtosettheindustrystandardforperformanceandreliability.

Designedtorun24hoursaday,sevendaysaweek,JetPlexpumpsarebasedonfield-proventechnologywithmorethan10,000pumpsinstalledworldwide,loggingmorethan65millionworkinghours.Thedesignensuresthehighestpressurestabilityavailableinapump,withoptimalperformance,reliabilityandeasy,predictablemaintenance.

JetPlexprovidesuserswiththefollowingkeybenefits:

Goodedgequalityonpartsand•fastercuttingspeeds.

Lowerutilitybills.Lesspowerand•waterconsumedperhorsepowerofoutput,combinedwithlowermaintenancecosts,deliversthelowestoveralloperatingpumpcostsintheindustry.

Reduceddowntimeascomparedto•otherdirectdrivepumps.Flow’sR&DstaffandengineersdesignpartsusingsophisticatedFiniteElementAnalysis(FEA)modelingsoftware,wherepressure-cyclefatiguelifeandstructuralcharacteristicscanbepredictedandanalyzedonacomputer.

Increasedpumpreliability.With•Flow’spatenteddesignsandhigh-qualitymaterials,theJetPlexpumpofferslongerintervalsbetweenmaintenancecyclesthanpreviousgenerationsofdirectdrivepumps.

Simplermaintenance.Withno•hydraulicsystem,JetPlexpumpsareeasiertomaintain.

TheJetPlexutilizesFlow’sPatentedAutomaticControlValve,orPac-V,

Flow International Introduces JetPlex Pump, FlowConnexTM toensurequickreactionwhenchangingoperatingpressureoropeningandclosingtheflowofwaterthroughthecuttingnozzle.ThePac-Visalsoeasierandmorereliabletousethandesignsthatutilizeabypassvalveordualorificedesigntocontrolwaterflow.AnotherbenefitofPac-Vtechnologyisthatitallowstheuseofawiderangeoforificesizes,ensuringthatyoucantacklethemostchallenginganddiverseapplications.

FlowhasalsorecentlyintroducedFlowConnex,thecompany’snextgenerationofinterconnectivityforwaterjetoperations.

UsingFlowConnex,operators,shopsupervisorsandmanagerscaneasilyseethestatusoftheirFlowwaterjetsystemsontheFlowConnexdashboardfromtheshopfloor,inanofficeoratanoffsitelocation.Thisincludeswaterjetmachineproductivityandmachineutilizationinformation,aswellaspumppressureandothercriticalsystemparameters.FlowConnexalsoprovidesalerts

tosignalwaterjetoperatorsandmanagementofwaterjetmachineand/orpumpconditionsthatcouldshutdownthewaterjetmachine.Thesecustomizedalertscanbeviewedfrome-mailoranymobiledevice,suchasacellphone.

InadditiontoFlowConnexpinpointingpotentialissues,itlinksdirectlytoFlow’sexpertknowledgedatabasefacilitatingafastandefficientresolution.Together,withFlow’sexclusive24houraday,365days-per-yearphonesupport,downtimeisminimizedandproductionismaximized.

Formoreinformation,visitwww.flowcorp.com.

F

Recommended Practices Under Review subcommitteeoftheWJTASafetyCommitteehasbeenformedto reviewandupdatetheRecommended Practices for the Use of Manually Operated High Pressure Waterjetting Equipment.Inadditiontoareviewofthecurrentcontent,thecommitteewillalsodiscussanewsectionthatwilladdressrecommendedpracticesfortheuseofautomatedwaterjettingequipment.

PleasesubmityourcommentsorsuggestionsforrevisingtheRecommended Practicesto:WJTASafetyCommittee,906OliveStreet,Suite1200,St.Louis,MO63101-1448,phone:(314)241-1445,fax:(314)241-1449,email:[email protected],website:www.wjta.org.


A

fourfaces.SEI-IdrojetoperationsandsitemanagerEnricoMariottiwasresponsiblefordevisingandcontrollingthehydrodemolitionprocess.

Oncompletionofconcreteremovalanotherteamfollowedonfixingadditionalreinforcementinstagestoallsidesofthetaperingpier.Shutteringpanels1.8mhighwerethenfixedroundallfacestosupportanew220mmthickskinofselfcompactingconcretepumpedintotheformworkfromgroundlevel.Aftertheconcretehadsettheformworkwasremovedandrepositionedforthenext1.8mliftfortheprocesstoberepeatedtothetopofthepier.

Oncompletionofrepairingandstrengtheningapierwithanadditionallayerofconcrete,theworkingplatformwasdismantledandre-erectedonthenextandthensubsequentpiersforthehydrodemolitionandconcreterepairprocesstoberepeated.

Forinformation,contactLarsGöranNilsson,ConjetAB,P.O.Box507,S-13625Haninge,Sweden,phone:+46-(0)8-5565-2240,fax:+46-(0)8-5565-2260,email:[email protected],web:www.conjet.com.

Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In Italy, frompage6

The Conjet modified feedbeam and nozzle, travelling back and forth along the platform’s rack, selectively removed damaged concrete to a depth of 70mm and below any exposed reinforcing.


Index of AdvertisersA.M. Gatti, Inc. .................................................................................... pg. 7

Accustream....................................................................................... pg. 27

Barton Mines Company, LLC .............................................................. pg. 9

Gardner Denver Water Jetting Systems, Inc. - Booths #314, 315B ......... pg. 5

High Pressure Equipment Company - Booth #219A ........ outside back cover

IGEMS Software - Booths #309, 310B .................................................. pg. 17

International Waterjet Parts, Inc. - Booth #305A .................................. pg. 16

Jetstream of Houston, LLP - Booths #402-408B ..................................... pg. 3

KMT Aqua-Dyne, L.P. - Booths #312, 313B ........................................... pg. 19

NLB Corp. - Booths #401, 404B ............................................................ pg. 21

Pak-Rite, Ltd. .................................................................................... pg. 13

QualJet LLC - Booth #421B ................................................................. pg. 11

S.M.T. - Booth # 303B .......................................................................... pg. 13

StoneAge, Inc. - Booths #101, 103, 200, 202A ........................................ pg. 26

Rhino Board...................................................................................... pg. 15

TurtleSkin WaterAmor by Warwick Mills - Booth #303A ....................... pg. 25

Vacuum Truck Rentals, LLC - Booths #409, 410B ................................. pg. 23

Booths #409, 410B

Inadditiontothemechanicalstaticgroundingclampsandassemblies,thereareelectrical-indicatingstaticgroundverificationsystems.Thesesystemsverifywhenpropergroundconnectionsaremadeandlightsignalsshowtheoperatorwhenagroundconnectionissecured.Systemscanbesetupasgroundindicatorsorcanalsobewiredwiththevacuumpumpsothattheywillnotallowavacuumoperationwithoutagroundconnection.

Groundmonitoringdevicesoffersafe,economicalandeasy-to-installsolutionsforapplicationswhereitisnecessarytoverifyagoodstaticgroundconnectionontocontainers,drums,roadtankers,railcars,andotherconductiveobjects.

“In bonding and grounding installations that are prone to corrosion, movement, or insulating surface coatings, self testing bonding clamps and systems can be used to

Static Electricity – The “Invisible Enemy” Of The Vacuum Truck Industry, frompage21

continuously test the resistance to ground and verify acceptable levels.” NFPA776.8.4

Priortoanoperatorvacuumingflammableliquidsorpowdersfromavessel, the operator mustconnectagroundingclampandcabletoaknownmetalground.Thiswillensureapathwayforthepotentialstaticelectricitytobedissipatedfromthevacuumtrucktotheground.Withtheuseofconductivevacuumhoses,thevacuumoperationwillbebondedtothetrucks.Nowthecleaningoperationcanbegin.

Anotherimportantpartofasaferoperatingfleetisinitialandperiodtrainingofoperatorsonstaticelectricalsafety.

Be safe and beat the “Invisible Enemy,” Static Electricity.

Jetstream Creates Visual Safety System For Waterblasting Equipment, frompage11 Jetstreamiswidelyrecognizedforseveralsignificantadvancementsinwaterblastcontrolgundesign,mostnotablytheintroductionofcartridge-stylevalvesforfast,easyfieldmaintenanceand

hydraulically-biasedvalvingforsafer,morepositiveoperatorcontrol.Thecompanyhasmanufacturedinnovativecontrolgunsfornearly30yearsandlaunchedproductionoftheversatileDuraSafeseriesin1998.

FormoreinformationonthevisualsafetysystemfromJetstream,call1-800/231-8192,orvisitJetstreamonlineatwww.waterblast.com.


VSS® Jetstream’s Visual Safety System for waterblast equipment. © 2009 Jetstream of Houston, LLP P/N 71740

New features enhance learning & skills

WARDJet Updates Website ARDJethasupdatedits websitetoincludefeaturesthateverywaterjetoperatorwillfindvaluable.Subscribetoadailyblogtostayinformedaboutnewwaterjetapplications.Participateinthe“WaterjetUniversity”todiscoveranswerstowaterjetcuttingquestions.Subjectmatterincludespumpandgantrydesign,waterjetincomparisonwithothercuttingtechnologies,waterjetsoftwareandcontrols,andtheexplorationofbusinessopportunitiesinthewaterjetfield.Exploreanextensivephotoandvideolibrarythatincludeswaterjetproductstohelpvisualizethebenefits.

Aninventoryofusedwaterjetmachinesofvariousmakesandmodelsisconstantlyupdated.UsefulinformationaboutabrasiveremovalandthenewWARDProabrasiverecyclingsystemisalsoincluded.

Thewebsiteiseasytonavigateandincludesasectionoffreedownloads(productcatalog,feed-ratecalculator,trialversionofIGEMS®softwareandmore).

Visitwww.wardjet.com.

W

The Jet News is published by the WaterJet Technology Association (WJTA) and is a benefit of membership in the Association.

©2009 Jet News. All rights reserved. Reproduction in any form forbidden without express permission.

Booth #303A


helatestAquajetSystems‘open day’heldatthecompany’sproductionfacilityinHolsbybrunn,Sweden,provedhighlysuccessfulattractingvisitorsfrommorethan12countries.

“Settingarecord,thehighnumberofguests,confirmedthatinternational

interestinhydrodemolitiontechniquesissteadilygrowing,notonlyinEuropebutglobally,”saysAquajetSystemsManagingDirectorStefanHilmersson.

“Wearecommittedtopresentingnewproductsandtechniquesthatprovideincreasedefficiencyandqualitytoourcustomers,”saysSalesManagerJan-ÅkePetersson,“Thisyearwasnoexception,andthelatestversionoftheAquaCutterHVDEvolutionattractedconsiderableattention.”

Demonstrationswerealsogivenwiththepatentedinnovationproducinggeometricpatternssuchastriangles,parallelogramsandcircles.

AquajetSystemsrobotprogramhasbeenextendedwiththenewconceptrobot,MaxHybrid.Poweredbyanelectricengine,italsofeaturesanonboarddieselengineasanalterativesourceofpower;accordingtotheapplication.

New MaxHybrid

Aquajet “Open Day”

T

The latest innovations were well received.

Thenewrobothasanextendedreachof10m(32ft)plusallthefeaturesofotherAquajetrobotstoprovidetheoperatorwithsignificantflexibility.

Duringthetwodayevent,guestswerealsoabletostudyandtestAquajet’scompleteproductprogram.Productsandaccessories,developedtoincreasethesafetyandversatilityusingwaterjettingintheconstructionindustry,werealsoondisplay.

Formoreinformation,visitwww.aquajet.seoremail:[email protected].

Booths #101, 103, 200, 202A


Stephen J. Tarris Southwest Aqueous Cleaning. LLC PO Box 68892 Oro Valley, AZ 95737 Telephone: (530)219-7103 Fax: (520)797-1695

Robert Waryga Madison Industrial Services Team, Ltd. 300 S. Pennell Road Suite 310 Media, PA 19063 Telephone: (610)358-4006

Amanuel T. Basha Politecnico Di Milano Via La Masa 1 Milan 1-20156 Italy Telephone: [39](02)2399 8530 Fax: [39](02)2399 8585

Allstate Power Vac. Bob Lindenberger Mark Wileczek Lou Galasso 2527 Market Street Aston, PA 19014 Telephone: (610)859-9000 Fax: (610)859-2000

Alta Tecnologia Industrial HP S.A. DE C.V. Rosa Maria Pina Chacon Tejocotes 10 3er Piso Colonia Del Valle 3100 Mexico Telephone: [52](55)55757492

Dunn Heat Exchangers, Inc. Ryan Kirtley Bret Bettison Art Simmons 410 21st Street South P.O. Box 3028-77592 Texas City, TX 77590 Telephone: (409)948-1704 Fax: (409)945-9873

International Flooring & Protective Coatings, Inc. Jon Solomon Robert Patrick 4675 E. Princess Anne Road Norfolk, VA 23502 Telephone: (757)855-5286 Fax: (757)853-5980 Dean Holstein 236 Elon Court Virginia Beach, VA 23454-4311 Telephone: (757)822-8511

World Wide Hose, Inc. Shawn Smith PO Box 514 New Philadelphia, Ohio 44663 Telephone: (330)602-4259 Fax: (330)602-4455

Jeffrey Lee Meyer PSC 1806 Baker Way Kelso, WA 98626 Telephone: (360)423-0260 Fax: (360)636-0493

WJTA Welcomes New Members

Corporate Individuals

Corporate Individual

Student

Gildardo D. Arcila EMS 575 Swan Creek Court Suwanee, GA 30024 Telephone: (770)277-8706

Derek Bade Metco Industrial 640 South Road Glandore, SA 5037 Australia Telephone: [61](08)82972011 Fax: [61](08)83712610

Tony Bernard Aqua Power 413 Grant Avenue Eveleth, MN 55734-1310 Phone: (218)744-1144 Fax: (218)744-5555

Daphne Cameron Ausjet Incorporated PO Box 1426 Bibra Lake WA 6965 Australia Telephone: [61](430)391166

Michel Deleris JEDO Technologies Rue Du Chene Vert BP 78204 haute Garonne 31682 France Telephone: [33](0)561-000-450 Fax: [33](0)561-000-451

Dana M. Hicks ENZ USA, Inc. 1585 Beverly Court, Unit 115 Aurora, IL 60502 Telephone: (630)692-7880 Fax: (630)692-7885

Masaki Hino Fumie Guerrero 1362 Swallow Dr. El Cajon, CA 92020 Telephone: (619)300-9099

Mike Ingham CC EnviroKlean, Inc 6646 Berger Avenue Kansas City, KS 66111 Telephone: (913)342-3372 Fax: (913)621-6885

John Koval KR Surface Industries P.O. Box 50520 Palo Alto, CA 94303 Telephone: (877)330-1584 Fax: (650)330-1589

Yiyu Lu College of Resources and Environmental Science, Chongqing University Shazhengjie St. 174 Shapingba Zone Chongqing City 400044 China Telephone: [86](23)65112372 Fax: [86](23)65106640

Lars Neff University of Applied Sciences Northwestern Switzerland Klosterzelgstrasse 2 Windisch 5210 Switzerland Telephone: [41](56)462 44 97 Fax: [41](56)462 45 29

George T. Santin Fluid Transfer Technology Corp P.O. Box 4029 Copley, OH 44321 Telephone: (330)666-9646 Fax: (330)666-9656

Alexandre Sturlini Marcelino Vieira de Faria,140 Mirandóplis 16800000 Brazil Telephone: [55](18)37016163


HiP... Our Name is High PressureCall 800-289-7447 or visit www.highpressure.com

High Pressure ValvesSix valve patterns in six pressure classes (up to150,000 psi) for reliable and flexible shut-off

High Pressure TubingTubing is cold drawn, seamless 316 S/S and supplied in 1/8 hard conditioned (not annealed)

Specialty ValvesBall, high temperature,micro-metering, relief, pipeconnection and male bottomconnection valves. Specialmaterials available.

Air Operated ValvesFive lines of air operators accommodate remote operation of high pressurevalves up to 100,000 psi

High Pressure FittingsComplete range of elbows,tees and crosses for all pressure classes and tubing connections

OnOffAd_WJTA_09Directory:Layout 3 9/29/08 5:13 PM Page 1

Booth #219A

Documents

Hydrodemolition On The Rio Verde Viaduct In Italythe main viaduct GMA Garnet (USA) Corp.repair contractor A.B.C.Construczioni S.P.A., carried out the concrete removal on one pier at