16
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

Hydrofluoric Acid Sarpong - University of California, Berkeley · 2013. 7. 15. · 1-.(!

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    !"#$%#&%'()*"+$,'-&./*%0&*1'

    !"#$%&'($##$)*+,)'-'!"#$%&'./*0)'1!.2'3'./4",56'7$8*/'(9,:*/;5)'1.7(2'

    23%&.450.&+/'6/+%')25:;!*!6--2*;-20!89)!>5:1,2?!

    @,

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!&!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    M-E,2!,`3,!

    Y3,!

    D':'-."*$"+#5'2#E#&%1AF.G+/+"3'C2!';5#11+4+/#"+.$'764;,!;-`565;0G!92*3!SC*;,+-20!&T!

    764;,!;-`565;0G!I:D*3*;5-:!SC*;,+-20!&T!

    764;,!;-`565;0G!@,2A*3!SC*;,+-20!$T!

    8W5:!6-22-=5-:!SC*;,+-20!$7T!

    8,25-4=!,0,!1*A*+,!SC*;,+-20!$T!

    !

    C2!'H#I*5'*5*=*$"1J'+$/50%+$,')&*/#0"+.$#&3'1"#"*=*$"1'

    )56;-+2*A! ! ! !

    !

    85+:*3!E-21! ! ! @*:+,2!

    !

    /*\*21!=;*;,A,:;S=T!

    /(''!a!/($'! ! ! X*;*3!5.!=E*33-E,1!-2!5:!6-:;*6;!E5;D!=W5:!

    /($P! ! ! ! C*4=,=!=,H,2,!=W5:!>42:=!*:1!,0,!1*A*+,?!

    /(('! ! ! ! X*;*3!5.!5:D*3,1?!

    !

    )2,6*4;5-:*20!=;*;,A,:;S=T!

    )&"'! ! ! ! @-!:-;!>2,*;D,!14=;#!.4A,#!+*=#!A5=;#!H*,3-E!4:3,==!-;D,2!3*>O=-2*;-20!;0

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!(!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    • 84-2*;-20O=*.,;0#UPO+3-H,O=,3,6;5-:O*:1O4=*+,?D;A3!

    &? M*>!6-*;=!*2,!2,[452,1!ED,:!D*:135:+!D*\*21-4=!6D,A56*3=!5:!;D,!3*>?!*? J-A,`!(7!.3*A,O2,=5=;*:;!3*>!6-*;=!*2,!2,[452,1!ED,:!E-2W5:+!E5;D!? X3*A,!2,=5=;*:;!3*>!6-*;=!SJ-A,`!-2!-;D,2!A*;,25*3T!=D-431!>,!E-2:!ED,:!E-2W5:+!E5;D!A*;,25*3=!=46D!*=!C*;,+-20!$!-2!&!.3*AA*>3,!35[451=!S/&&P!*:1!/&&NT?!

    (? C-;;-:O>*=,1G!:-:O=0:;D,;56!63-;D5:+!S5:63415:+!3-:+!,!E-2:?!

    P? C3-=,1O;-,!*:1!63-=,1OD,,3!=D-,=!*2,!2,[452,1!5:!;D,!3*>?!!S*1)+".&3'-&."*/"+.$'

    K,=!6*33!;-!N$'O"P&OU'U'!;-!2,

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!P!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    L-H,!5:;-!.2,=D!*52?!d-!;-!;D,!9664A5:4;,=?!I.!=W5:!6-:;*6;!2,[452,=!A,156*3!*==5=;*:6,G!+-!;-!;D,!96640!;D,!8@8?!!J,H,2!+5H,!*:0;D5:+!>0!A-4;D!;-!*:!4:6-:=65-4=!

    733!:,,13,!=;56W#3,!6D,A56*3=!.2-A!5AA,15*;,!E-2W!*2,*?!• c,,3,G!

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!N!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    • )2-H51,!=,6-:1*20!6-:;*5:A,:;!.-2!6D,A56*3=!5:!*66-21*:6,!E5;D!;D,!66Q/8!lCD,A56*3!/0+5,:,!)3*:lB!D;;,2W,3,0?,14#=,6;5-:NZCD,A56*3h/*:135:+h8;-2*+,h*:1hV2*:=

    >*+=G!3*>,3!*:1!;*W,!;-!;D,!:,`;!6D,A56*3!E*=;,!C*33!N$'O"P&OU'U'!;-!2,,3!b*=;,!

    M*>,3!*33!6-:;*5:,2=!E5;D!;D,!3*>,3!

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!"!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    !"#$#%&'(')'*+%&'),-.&,#/#01-&'2*.'&3)#4)3-#

    )2,:*2*;5-,2>!-.!/?!>@-431!.*A535*25B,!;@,A>,3C,>!-.!;@,!5F@;;:G##,@>HE,2I,3,0H,14#5A*+,>#,@>#:4E>#J'@.H:1.KH!7!6-:0!-.!;@5>!>@-431!E,!:->;,1!5!@*,25-4>M!:*5I5;!*51!*!.2-A!-;@,2!*651>!E,6*4>,!;@,!.34-251,!5-!;@,!>I55;246;5-

    ;5>>4,!3*0,2>H!=!L@56@!*2,!2*:5130!!:2-6,>>!A*0!6-

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!Y!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    L*>;,!5>!6-;5-!

    Z*E[>:,65.56!

    X!0-4!L-431!@*625E,1!5!:2-6,142,H!/?!5>!*!L,*I!E4;!6-22->5C,!*651!

    ;0:56*330!4>,1!;-!2,A-C,!>5356-,A56-!;-!:2-146,!63,*42.*6,>H!!

    DQ*A5@-431!5*;56!15>:,5!@-431!*3>-!@*C,!63,*2!,*>0!;-!

    2,*1!5;246;5-!-,H!

    !

    LMNIF#U#V*.)'9!E0!6-AE5H!!T,,:!6*3654A!+346-@-431!E,!>;-2,1!5

    2,.25+,2*;-2!5.!:->>5E3,!*@!>4::30!*.;,2!5;>!,Q:52*;5-!:*>>,1H!=>,!15>:->*E3,!,Q*A!+3-C,>!;-!*::30!6*3654A!

    +346->,!

    !

    %&'),-.&,+J:,# A),9(#

    %%I#X,1,Y#2-34;5-!F.2-A!

    6-

    L,5+@;!F$%!A53!A5:2,:*25-34;5-!E,6*4>,!/?!

    2,*1530!,;6@,>!+3*>>!*@012-:@-E56!>-!5;!@,3:>!;-!A5:533>!-.!/?!>-34;5-H!

    !

    O,!>42,!;-!@*C,!*!:5:,;;,!*5

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!%!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    73(8#0B#:8'.*-#&,),3D,#3>>,-3

    6--154A!6*2E--!I-1*!*>@K!

    >-34;5-;-6I!>-34;5-!5

    L5;@!6-

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!a!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    !

    %&'),-.&,+J:,# A),9(#

    %%I#X,1,Y#2,!-.!F>;-6IK!

    >-34;5-!-.!/?!

    =:!;-!P''!AZ!

    -.!>-34;5-

    !

    !

    )2,:*2*;5--34;5-!

    -C,2!P]!/?!F$'G$!/?!-2!

    A-2,!6-!E,!

    1-!

    R-2,!1534;,!>-34;5-!A*0!

    E,!:2,:*2,1!L5;@!6*4;5-

    -

    L5;@!+--1!+,:->*E3,!24EE,2M!-34;5-H!8-A,!

    4>,2>!:2,.,2!;-!L,*2!;L-!:*52>!-.!

    15>:->*E3,!+3-C,>H!^,*2!2,4>*E3,!

    E4;03!+3-C,>!L@,

    6-5>;*E*>,1K`!6-;;-,1!

    63-;@5;56!*:2-

    6-,!:3*>;56!-2!W,.3-

    :2,:*25-34;5-!E,6*4>,!/?!

    2,*1530!,;6@,>!+3*>>!*@012-:@-E56!>-!5;!@,3:>!;-!A5:533>!-.!/?!>-34;5-H!

    !

    U,;,2A5:,542,!-4;!;@,!2,N452,1!*A-4XAA,15*;,30!6@*!5.!;@,0!

    E,6-A,!6-

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$'!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    V-;,>! 491#-,D3#(83:#AM%#&,W.3&,:##%O@#

    !

    %&'),-.&,+J:,! A),9(!

    %%I#X,1,Y#2,!*>!*!,;6@*46@!*>!>5356-

    L*.,2>!

    !

    !

    =:!;-!&''!

    AZ!-.!1534;,!

    @012-.34-256!

    *651!

    >-34;5-

    ,;6@5!*@-431!E,!:,2.-2A,1!5

    L,33[C,5

    >A*33!*A-45>;*E*>,1K`!6-;;-,1!

    63-;@5!L5;@!:3*>;56[!

    E*6I,1!*E>-2E,,!>*A:3,!5

    1,>52,1!;5A,!L5;@!:3*>;56!;L,,B,2>H!d5,!

    >*A:3,!5;,!L5;@!UX!L*;,2H!d5,!

    *33!,N45:A,

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$$!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    %&'),-.&,+J:,# A),9(#

    %%I#X,1,Y#2,!5

    :2-;,6;5H!

    V-!A-2,!!

    ;@*

    F6-AA,265*33

    0!*C*53*E3,!

    J%]!1534;,1!

    *N4,-4>!

    >-34;5-,1!.-2!

    ,*6@!

    5;!

    *>!

    *::2-:25*;,!

    .-2!0-42!3*EH!

    ^-2I!L5;@[email protected]!

    *651!>@-431!*!C,@-431!L*2,!*>!

    @012-.34-256!*651!L533!,;6@!

    +3*>>H!)2-:,2!6->46@!*>!-:,M!@-;!

    >42.*6,>M!>;,*A!E*;@>M!

    >;*;56!,3,6;2565;0M!**

    I1,#=&'(,)(3'9G!!^,*2!7V8X!;5+@;[.5;;5*.,;0!+-++3,>!-2!>*.,;0!

    +3*>>,>!L5;@!>51,!>@5,31>H!

    !

    B!-2!.433[.*6,1!>@5,31!L5;@!+-++3,>!

    !

    V*'D,:G!!V5;253,!+3-C,>!F1-4E3,!+3-C,1K!.-2!1534;,[email protected]!

    *651!>-34;5-!*

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$&!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    %&'),-.&,+J:,# A),9(#

    %%I#X,1,Y#2L*;,2!.-2!*!63,*c$''!AZ!!

    )3,*>,!*1e4>;!

    *>!

    *::2-:25*;,!

    .-2!0-42!3*EH!

    733!L-2I!A4>;!E,!

    :,2.-2A,1!5

    .4A,!@--1H!

    !

    D35A5!.2-A!

    ;@,!L-2I!*2,*!;@*;!*2,!

    5,!;L-!3*0,2>!-.!H!XAA,15*;,30!6@*!5.!;@,0!E,6-A,!

    6-

    #

    A*'7*1!*11!;@,!*::2-:25*;,!*A-4

    9:->,!-.!

    *514*3!/?!*651!*>!@*B*21-4>!

    L*>;,H!

    !

    !

    V-;,>! 491#-,D3#(83:#AM%#&,W.3&,:##%O@#

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$(!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    !"#$%&'()#%*$(+%,-.(/%#(012#%/3*%#45(6542!

    !

    /012-.34-256!*651!:/;5+>30!6-22-=5?,!35@451!*A1!5=!*!6-AB*6B!C-5=-AD!EB!=>-431!F,!>*A13,1!G5B>!

    ,HB2,I,!6*2,!:5D,DJ!F,0-A1!G>*B!5=!+,A,2*330!2,@452,1!B-!>*A13,!-B>,2!I5A,2*3!*651=*A!B0C56*3!

    I5A,2*3!*651=D!L,6*4=,!-.!B>,!*F535B0!-.!>012-.34-256!*651!B-!C,A,B2*B,!B5==4,J!C-5=-A5A+!6*A!-6642!2,*1530!

    B>2-4+>!,HC-=42,!-.!=M5A!-2!,0,=J!-2!G>,A!5A>*3,1!-2!=G*33-G,1D!80ICB-I=!-.!,HC-=42,!B-!>012-.34-256!

    *651!I*0!A-B!F,!5II,15*B,30!,?51,ABD!/;!5AB,2.,2,=!G5B>!A,2?,!.4A6B5-AJ!I,*A5A+!B>*B!F42A=!I*0!A-B!

    5A5B5*330!F,!C*5A.43D!76651,AB*3!,HC-=42,=!6*A!+-!4AA-B56,1J!1,3*05A+!B2,*BI,AB!*A1!5A62,*=5A+!B>,!,HB,AB!

    *A1!=,25-4=A,==!-.!B>,!5AN420D!

    /;!5=!*!6*3654I!=,,M,2D!7!C,2=-A!6*AOB!=,A=,!G>,A!5B!6-I,=!5A!6-AB*6B!G5B>!B>,!=M5AD!L4BJ!5B!15==-3?,=!B>,!

    6*3654I!5A!B>,!F-A,D!/;!F42A=!*2,!A-B!,?51,AB!4AB53!*!1*0!3*B,2D!E.!A-B!=B-2,1J!>*A13,1!*A1!15=C-=,1!-.!

    C2-C,230J!/;!6*A!C-=,!*!=,25-4=!B>2,*B!B-!B>,!>,*3B>!*A1!=*.,B0!-.!3*F-2*B-20!C,2=-AA,3J!,I,2+,A60!

    2,=C-A1,2=!*A1!G*=B,!>*A13,2=D!/,A6,J!5B!5=!5IC-2B*AB!B-!B>-2-4+>30!4A1,2=B*A1!B>,!C2-C,2B5,=!-.!/;!

    *A1!.-33-G!*33!=*.,B0!C2-B-6-3=!B-!C2-C,230!=B-2,!*A1!>*A13,!/;D!

    P=,=Q!/;!5=!4=,1!B-!,B6>!+3*==D!7!RS!B-!TS!>012-.34-256!*651!+,3!5=!*3=-!6-II-A30!4=,1!B-!,B6>!*33!6,2*I56!

    1,AB*3!2,=B-2*B5-A=!B-!5IC2-?,!F-A15A+D!;-2!=5I53*2!2,*=-A=J!1534B,!>012-.34-256!*651!5=!*!6-IC-A,AB!-.!

    >-4=,>-31!24=B!=B*5A!2,I-?,2!*A1!5A!6*2!G*=>,=!5A!UG>,,3!63,*A,2U!6-IC-4A1=D!L,6*4=,!-.!5B=!*F535B0!B-!

    15==-3?,!52-A!-H51,=!*=!G,33!*=!=5356*KF*=,1!6-AB*I5A*AB=J!>012-.34-256!*651!5=!4=,1!5A!C2,K6-II5==5-A5A+!

    F-53,2=!B>*B!C2-146,!>5+>KC2,==42,!=B,*ID!L,6*4=,!-.!5B=!*F535B0!B-!15==-3?,!-H51,=J!>012-.34-256!*651!5=!

    4=,.43!.-2!15==-3?5A+!2-6M!=*IC3,=!:4=4*330!C-G1,2,1,!*F535B0!-.!>012-.34-256!*651!B-!

    15==-3?,!I,B*3!-H51,=!5=!B>,!F*=5=!-.!=,?,2*3!*CC356*B5-A=D!EB!2,I-?,=!-H51,!5IC425B5,=!.2-I!=B*5A3,==!=B,,3J!

    *!C2-6,==!6*33,1!WC56M35A+OJ!*A1!=5356-A!G*.,2=!5A!B>,!=,I56-A146B-2!5A14=B20D!

    !

    7%,-&,4"3(0"8"#2.9:%;454,1(

    /;!2,I-?,=!6*3654I!.2-I!F-10!5A!B>,!*..,6B,1!*2,*!:V*2+,B=!B>,!F-A,(?//-5,.(

    @&>"3",4%&(V-H56!5.!5A>*3,1D!Z*B,25*3!5=!,HB2,I,30!1,=B246B5?,!B-!B>,!B5==4,!-.!B>,!I46-4=!I,IF2*A,=!*A1!4CC,2!2,=C52*B-20!B2*6BD!

    !A4&(Z*0!F,!.*B*3!5.!*F=-2F,1!B>2-4+>!=M5AD![*4=,=!=M5A!F42A=D!

    ?1-.([*4=,=!,0,!F42A=D![*4=,=!=,?,2,!,0,!F42A=D!

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$\!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    @&'-.,4%&(Z*0!F,!.*B*3!5.!=G*33-G,1D(

    !

    ]-2M!G5B>!>012-.34-256!*651!-A!*!6>,I56*3!G,B!F,A6>!-2!5A!*!6>,I56*3!.4I,!>--1!4A3,==!-B>,2!6-AB2-3=!

    *2,!1,=5+A*B,1!5A!B>,!)2-B-6-3#)2-6,142,!=,6B5-AD!!8*=>!>,5+>B!=>-431!F,!M,CB!3-G!B-!I5A5I5^,!,=6*C5A+!

    .4I,=!*A1!B-!C2-?51,!*!C>0=56*3!F*225,2D!

    !

    0"&2(7#%,-5,4%&((/*A13,!G5B>!+3-?,=D!!_*B42*3!`4FF,2!:_,-C2,A,J!a5B-AJ!L4B03!-2!/,*?0!14B0!_5B253,!*2I!

    3,A+B>!+3-?,=!*2,!>5+>30!2,6-II,A1,1D!_-B,Q!V>5=!B0C,!-.!+3-?,!I4=B!F,!C4B!-A!-?,2!B>,!5AA,2!

    L4B03#a5B-A!+3-?,=#15=C-=*F3,!A5B253,!+3-?,=D!b3-?,=!I4=B!F,!5A=C,6B,1!C25-2!B-!,*6>!4=,D!P=,!C2-C,2!

    +3-?,!2,I-?*3!B,6>A5@4,!:G5B>-4B!B-46>5A+!-4B,2!=42.*6,!-.!B>,!+3-?,=!/;!-A!

    B>,!6-AB*I5A*B,1!+3-?,=D!c5=C-=,!-.!5AA,2!A5B253,!+3-?,=!*.B,2!4=,!*=!>*^*21-4=!G*=B,D!dEAA,2!L4B03!a5B-A!

    +3-?,=!6*A!F,!2,I-?,1!6*2,.4330!:5D,DJ!G5B>-4B!B-46>5A+!B>,!-4B,2!=42.*6,!-.!B>,!+3-?,=!>*A1=!

    B>-2-4+>30!G5B>!G*2I!G*B,2!*A1!=-*CD!

    !

    @&(5".-(%/(.A4&(5%&,"5,(EII,15*B,30!:G5B>5A!=,6-A1=!*..,6B,1!*2,*!.-2!*B!3,*=B!$R!I5A4B,=D!`,I-?,!*33!6-AB*I5A*B,1!

    63-B>5A+D![*33!T$$!.2-I!*!6*IC4=!C>-A,!-2!6*33!e/f8D!],*25A+!6-IC*B5F3,!+3-?,=J!I*==*+,!6*3654I!

    +346-A*B,!+,3!5AB-!B>,!*..,6B,1!*2,*D!`,K*CC30!,?,20!$R!I5A4B,=!4AB53!I,156*3!>,3C!*225?,=D!_-B,Q!

    /012-.34-256!*651!,HC-=42,!5=!-.B,A!B2,*B,1!G5B>!6*3654I!+346-A*B,J!*!=-426,!-.![*&g!B>*B!=,@4,=B,2=!B>,!

    .34-251,!5-A=D!/;!6>,I56*3!F42A=!6*A!F,!B2,*B,1!G5B>!*!G*B,2!G*=>!*A1!&DRS!6*3654I!+346-A*B,!+,3J!-2!

    =C,65*3!25A=5A+!=-34B5-A=D!/-G,?,2J!F,6*4=,!/;!5=!*F=-2F,1J!I,156*3!B2,*BI,AB!5=!A,6,==*20h!25A=5A+!-..!5=!

    A-B!,A-4+>D!EAB2*K*2B,25*3!5A.4=5-A=!-.!6*3654I!6>3-251,!>*?,!*3=-!=>-GA!+2,*B!,..,6B5?,A,==!5A!B2,*B5A+!

    F42A=D!EA!=-I,!6*=,=J!*IC4B*B5-A!I*0!F,!2,@452,1D!!

    @&(5".-(%/(-1-(5%&,"5,(P=,![*3+-A*B,!eI,2+,A60!e0,G*=>!5II,15*B,30D![*33!T$$!.2-I!*!6*IC4=!C>-A,!-2!6*33!e/f8D!_9VeQ!c-!

    A-B!-C,A!B>,![*3+-A*B,!eI,2+,A60!e0,G*=>!8-34B5-A!6-AB*5A,2!=,*3J!4A3,==!A,,1=!B-!F,!4=,1D!P=,!B>,!

    ,AB52,!$&'!I3!6-AB,AB!1425A+!*A!,I,2+,A60!:,0,!,HC-=42,!8-34B5-A!5=!

    .-2!=5A+3,!4=,!-A30D(

    !

    !$-54"3(!,%#"'-(B(0"&234&'(C-D*4#-E-&,.(!

    • eA=42,!B>*B!0-4!>*?,!*33!B>,!))e!2,@452,1!.-2!>*A135A+!/;D!• /;!I4=B!*3G*0=!F,!=B-2,1!5A!C3*=B56!:_*3+,A,!#!C-30C2-C03,A,

    5A!+3*==!F-BB3,=#6-AB*5A,2=D!!

    • 8B-2,!5A!6-22-=5?,#*651!=B-2*+,!6*F5A,B!G5B>5A!*!=,6-A1*20!6-AB*5AI,AB!:_*3+,A,#!C-30C2-C03,A,!B2*0!-2!B4F,!B-C!I-=B!=>,3.!-.!B>,!=B-2*+,!6*F5A,BD!_-B,Q!EA!+,A,2*3J!1-!A-B!=B-2,!3*F!6>,I56*3=!*B!-2!*F-?,!,0,!3,?,3D!

    • eA=42,!B>,!6-AB*5A,2!5=!B5+>B30!63-=,1!*B!*33!B5I,=D!• c-!A-B!=B-2,!G5B>!-H51,=J!-2+*A56!6>,I56*3=J!F*=,=!-2!I,B*3=D!• [*2,.4330!6*220!B>,!=B-6M!F-BB3,!5A!*!`4FF,2I*51!F-BB3,!6*225,2#_*3+,A,!=,6-A1*20!6-AB*5A,2!

    B-!B>,!G,B!F,A6>#6>,I56*3!.4I,!>--1!*A1!C-42!-4B!1,=52,1!*I-4AB!5AB-!*!=I*33,2!

    6-AB*5A,2D!

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$R!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    • )3*6,!=B-6M!F-BB3,!F*6M!5A!6-22-=5?,!6>,I56*3!=B-2*+,!6*F5A,B!G5B>!6*C!B5+>B30!63-=,1D!• X*F!F4110!=0=B,I!5=!>5+>30!2,6-II,A1,1!G>,A!>*A135A+!/;D!X*F!,I,2+,A60!6-AB*6B!

    5A.-2I*B5-A!I4=B!F,!2,*1530!*?*53*F3,D!V>,!3*F!C,2=-AA,3!I4=B!>*?,!,*=0!*66,==!B-!*!

    B,3,C>-A,!:3*A135A,!-2!6,33!C>-A,%2.("&2(E",-#4"3.(/%#(5%&,"4&E-&,("&2(53-"&4&'(*$(G06HI!5A,2B!*F=-2F,AB!I*B,25*3!*A1!15=C-=,!-.!*=!>*^*21-4=!G*=B,D!Y,,C!5A!=45B*F3,J!63-=,1!

    6-AB*5A,2=!.-2!15=C-=*3D!

    • ),2=-A*3!)2-B,6B5?,!,@45CI,AB!I4=B!F,!G-2A!i!A*B42*3!24FF,2!+3-?,=!:*2I!3,A+B>5,31J!A*B42*3!24FF,2!*C2-A#=45BJ!3-A+!C*AB=J!63-=,1KB-,!*A1!63-=,1K>,,3!24FF,2#3,*B>,2!

    =>-,=J!2,=C52*B-2!*CC2-?,1!.-2!/;!>*A135A+D!!

    • EII,15*B,30!*==,==!*I-4AB!=C533,1!*A1!B>,!,HB,AB!-.!1*I*+,D!c5*3!T$$!*A1![-AB*6B!eA?52-AI,AB!/,*3B>!f!8*.,B0!:e/f8

  • !

    "#$%#&'$(! )*+,!$"!-.!$"! /012-.34-256!7651!89)!

    MN(=(L%5*E-&,",4%&(%/(:#"4&4&'(G.4'&",*#-(%/("33(*.-#.(4.(#-D*4#-2K!! )25-2!B-!6-A146B5A+!*A0!G-2M!G5B>!>012-.34-256!*651J!1,=5+A*B,1!C,2=-AA,3!I4=B!C2-?51,!B2*5A5A+!B-!

    >5=#>,2!3*F-2*B-20!C,2=-AA,3!=C,65.56!B-!B>,!>*^*21=!5A?-3?,1!5A!G-2M5A+!G5B>!B>5=!=4F=B*A6,J!G-2M!

    *2,*!1,6-AB*I5A*B5-AJ!*A1!,I,2+,A60!C2-6,142,=D!!!

    ! V>,!)25A65C*3!EA?,=B5+*B-2!I4=B!C2-?51,!>5=#>,2!3*F-2*B-20!C,2=-AA,3!G5B>!*!6-C0!-.!B>5=!89)!*A1!*!6-C0!-.!B>,!8c8!C2-?51,1!F0!B>,!I*A4.*6B42,2D!!

    E!>*?,!2,*1!*A1!4A1,2=B*A1!B>,!6-AB,AB!-.!B>5=!89)Q!

    +"E-( !4'&",*#-! @2-&,4/4-#! L",-!! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    ! ! ! !

    !