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HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE NEXTGEN | 11TH OCTOBER 2012
Contents
• The need for energy storage
• Principles of energy storage
• Hydrogen energy storage
• Power to Gas
• Methanation
• Technology & deployment
• Outlook
Science has not yet mastered prophecy. We predict too
much for the next year and yet far too little for the next 10.
Neil Armstrong
HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE NEXTGEN | 11TH OCTOBER 2012
Germany's wind power chaos should be a warning
to the UK
• 3,500 turbines in the UK produced 4GW (8%)
• 23,500 turbines in Germany produced 31GW (27%)
• 25th May 2012 Germany generated 22.4GW PV (30%)
UK WIND | GERMAN WIND
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
On Friday, September 14, just before 10am, Britain’s
3,500 wind turbines broke all records by briefly
supplying just over four gigawatts (GW) of electricity to
the national grid. Three hours later, in Germany, that
country’s 23,000 wind turbines and millions of solar
panels similarly achieved an unprecedented output of
31GW. But the responses to these events in the two
countries could not have been in starker contrast.
GROWING WIND GENERATION IN THE UK
• 2011: 6,488 MW wind capacity | 15,500 GWh wind production (DUKES 2012)
• 0.5% of wind was subject to constraint payments
• 2011 | 75MWh | £16m | 21p/kWh (full yr)
• 2012 | 85MWh | £17m | 20p/kWh (to Sept, significant winter months not yet included)
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
GROWING WIND GENERATION
20% of peak capacity (60GW) in Winter
20% of peak capacity (40GW) in Summer
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
• Evidence from Germany and Denmark
• Problems start at 20% capacity; UK hits threshold from 2013
• Problems start at 8% energy; UK at 7.5% in Sept 2012
WIND FARM CONSTRAINT PAYMENT ANALYSIS
• 82 onshore & offshore wind farms in NETA
• 18 wind farms received payments to-date
• Price varies by10x from 9 to 99p/kWh
• Range of windfarm sizes from 20 to 314 MW
• 2011 | 75MWh | £15.8m | 21p/kWh
http://www.bwea.com/ukwed/operational.asp
http://www.bmreports.com/bsp/staticdata/PowerParkModules.xls
Windfarm Size (MW) Owner Payments MWh Ave Price
Hadyard Hill 119 SSE £2,150,052 14,443 £149
Farr Unit 1 45 npower £2,803,487 13,393 £209
Whitelee 314 ScottishPower £1,759,043 9,961 £177
Beinn Tharsuinn 28 ScottishPower £1,270,086 8,328 £153
Farr Unit 2 47 npower £1,617,080 7,520 £215
Kilbraur 1 48 Falck £2,285,641 7,115 £321
Millennium 1 50 Falck £1,361,314 4,455 £306
Black Law 122 ScottishPower £584,443 3,272 £179
Gordonbush 68 SSE £141,528 1,436 £99
Crystal Rig II 138 Fred Olsen £1,267,850 1,279 £991
Minsca 35 Infinis £118,660 1,047 £113
Toddleburn 28 SSE £105,958 712 £149
Dalswinton 31 Infinis £72,371 686 £106
Edinbane 42 Vattenfall £57,860 598 £97
An Suidhe 1 20 npower £113,946 564 £202
Dunlaw Extension 29 ScottishPower £15,680 166 £94
Arecleoch 114 ScottishPower £24,583 138 £179
Mark Hill 84 ScottishPower £11,378 121 £94
Total £15,749,582 75,113 £209.68
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
WIND FARM ANALYSIS
• All 18 wind farms in Scotland.
• Most common wind farms in red.
Hadyard Hill
Farr
Whitelee
Beinn Tharsuinn
Kilbraur
Millenium I
Black Law
Gordonbush
Crystal Rig II
Minsca
Toddleburn
Dalswinton
Edinbane
An Suidhe I
Dun Law
Arecleoch
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
ENERGY
STORAGE
POWER IN/OUT
SECTOR EXPORT
UK ELECTRICITY DEMAND
Demand varies daily, weekly, seasonally:
• Winter Peak is 60GW
• Base Load
• Mid Merit
• Peaking Plant
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
LOAD | DURATION
Base load
Mid-merit
Peak
Data from National Grid
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
Shifting the peaks to fill the troughs:
• Turns mid merit in base load
• Reduces the need for peaking
• Increases system efficiency
• Day night arbitrage!
POWER IN | POWER OUT ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
Half Hourly Prices on 24/03/09
Source: BMRS website
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45 47
£/MWhr
The Balancing Mechanism Reporting System (BMRS)
The BMRS website provides near real time and historic data about the Balancing Mechanism which is
used by the National Grid (System Operator) as a means of balancing power flows on to and off the
electricity Transmission System in the UK.
Data from National Grid
Shifting the peaks to fill the troughs:
• Turns mid merit in base load
• Reduces the need for peaking
• Increases system efficiency
• Day night arbitrage!
• 3p to 14p
RATIONALE FOR POWER IN | POWER OUT ES
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
Add wind? Exporting excess power
• Operating a DSM load
• Need 1 second response
• Balance supply | demand
SECTOR EXPORT ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY STORAGE: THE NEED
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
SECTOR EXPORT
GAS INJECTION
SYNTHETIC CH4
HYDROGEN
ENERGY
STORAGE
Energy storage by DSM hydrogen production
• Modular, scalable and rapid response
• High conversion efficiency
• Ability to accommodate intermittent input
• Separates power from energy
ELECTROLYSIS
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
ELECTROLYSIS
ECOISLAND
Power & Vehicles Control System Intelligence Wireless Vehicles Vehicles
Hydrogen Energy Storage Smart Grid
• £2.4m TSB grant (£1.3m direct to ITM)
• First installation 100kg/day refueller
• Fleet of 20 vehicles
• Hydrogen balancing supply and demand
• Revenue stream from hydrogen sales
ECOISLAND
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
ENERGY STORAGE HYBRID SYSTEM
Battery
HFuel
HInject
Smart Grid
Vehicles
Gas Grid
HYBRID SYSTEM
Battery | Transport Fuel | Gas Grid Injection
• Battery Up to 2hrs
• HFuel Up to days (determined by tank size)
• Hinject Continuous
GAS INJECTION
SYNTHETIC CH4
POWER TO GAS
POWER TO GAS
POWER TO GAS
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
POWER TO GAS
GERMAN POWER TO GAS SCHEMES
POWER TO GAS
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
POWER TO GAS
The TSB funded GridGas study
• Opportunity analysis
• Compliance of gas injection
• Rapid response electrolysis
• Gas mixing
• Location of stranded gas assets in the UK
• Potential in Scotland
• Website: www.gridgas.co.uk
Compliance Stranded Grids Installation Deployment Deployment Deployment
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
POWER TO GAS
http://www.gl-nobledenton.com/assets/downloads/IGEM_2011_v2_-_Repositioning_the_gas_networks.pdf
GAS GRID | POWER GRID | FUEL INFRASTRUCTURE
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
SYNTHETIC METHANE
SNG SYSTEM
Utilising wind and CO2
• Counters wind curtailment
• Best with pure CO2
• Best with CHP
• Big in Germany
TECHNOLOGY &
DEPLOYMENT
POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE
60kW Stack
• Rapid response electrolysis
• 1sec On/Off
• Up to 80bar self pressurising
• 60kW | 24hrs | 25kg/day
POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE
ENERGY STORAGE | CLEAN FUEL
POWER TO GAS ENERGY STORAGE
1MW Grid Gas Container
• 20ft ISO container
• Rapid response electrolysis
• 1sec On/Off
• Up to 80bar self pressurising
• 1MW | 24hrs | 400kg/day
The curtailment threshold approaching fast
• Learn from experience
• Renewable power needs energy storage
• Hydrogen is a viable solution today
• Well timed, well positioned offering
• Study day and factory tour on 23rd October in Sheffield
OUTLOOK
HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE
HYDROGEN ENERGY SYSTEMS
HYDROGEN ENERGY STORAGE NEXTGEN | 11TH OCTOBER 2012