UNIVERSITY VISVESVARAYA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

DEPARTMENT OF MANUFACTURING SCIENCE AND ENGINEERING

Presentation on “HYDROGEN FUELLED IC ENGINE”

by Sachin Jamakhandi 1ST sem

INTRODUCTION

WORKING

ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

CONCLUSIONS

REFERENCES

CONTENTS

In recent years, the concern for cleaner air, along with stricter air pollution

regulations and the desire to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels have

rekindled the interest in hydrogen as a vehicular fuel.

Basically getting an internal combustion engine to run on hydrogen is not

difficult but getting an internal combustion engine to run well, however, is

more of a challenge.

Hence, in this presentation, basically we will be looking at the hydrogen

properties that makes it suitable for use as a fuel, its advantages,

drawbacks and various characteristics compared to gasoline.

Introduction

How HICEs Work

2H₂+0₂= 2H₂0 + heat H behaves like octane Compressed H2 takes up more

room than gasoline Unlike gasoline, which needs strict

air-fuel ratio More explosive than gasoline,

timing critical Injected fuel delivery

BMW HICE bus engine

BMW Hydrogen 7 Series IC Engine

wide range of flammability

low ignition energy

high auto ignition temperature

high flame speed at stoichiometric ratios

high diffusivity

Hydrogen properties as a fuel

Spark plugs: cold rated spark plugs and non platinum tips.

Ignition systems: avoid uncontrolled ignition and/or spark plug gap can

be reduced.

Injection systems: use timed injection by using either port injection or

direct Injection.

Hot spots: avoiding hot spots in cc to avoid pre ignition.

Compression ratio: selecting an optimal value of cr for higher efficiency.

Design modifications

Cost to convert ICE to HICE 3 lacs

Efficiency 65%

Power output compared to ICE Upto 120%

24kg of petrol would power a conventional vehicle 400km

8kg of hydrogen would power a HICE for 400km

To store 8kg hydrogen (as a gas) you would need 10 tanks of 45 liters each.

Comparison of performance characteristics

Comparison of brake thermal efficiency of the fuels is shown in Fig1. Here brake thermal efficiency of hydrogen is much better than the brake thermal efficiency of gasoline engine even at a low speed.

Fig1. engine speed vs bte

Comparison of emission characteristics

Fig2 illustrates NOx levels of both engines. Significant decrease in NOx emission is observed with hydrogen operation. Almost 10 times decrease in NOx can be noted, easily. The cooling effect of the water sprayed plays important role in this reduction. Also operating the engine with a lean mixture is kept Nox levels low.

Fig2. engine speed vs NOx emissions

Fig3 shows CO emission versus engine speed for both engines. Although excess air for complete combustion is present in the cylinder, the engine is not capable of burning the total fuel. It was expected that hydrogen fuelled engine must have zero CO emission.As it is seen in Fig3 some amount of CO is still present. This is due to the burning of lubricating oil film inside the engine cylinder. As engine speed increases, CO emission tends to decreases.

Fig3. engine speed vs CO emissions

The temperature caused by combustion is very high inside the cylinder. As the piston expends the heat evaporates some amount of oil. In addition to this evaporated oil, incompletely burned oil also contributes to HC emission shown in Fig4.

Fig4. engine speed vs HC emissions

HICEs have the benefits of being inexpensive and easy to install.

Produces virtually near zero emission. Potential supply is unlimited. Most abundant element on Earth. Only by product is water.

Advantages

Disadvantages Pre ignition and back fire. Low density necessitates larger intake of

gas. Need more space to store gaseous

hydrogen

conclusion Power and torque loss occurs at low speed hydrogen operation. At high speed

hydrogen gives better performance as compare to gasoline operation.

Similarly Thermal efficiency and Brake mean effective pressure of hydrogen is

more at higher speed.

NOx emission of hydrogen fuelled engine is about 9-10 times lower than gasoline

fuelled engine.

Emission of CO, HC and CO2 of hydrogen is very less so hydrogen is environment

friendly.

Short time of combustion produces lower exhaust gas temperature for hydrogen.

Hydrogen is a very good candidate as an engine fuel. Appropriate changes in

the combustion chamber together with better cooling mechanism would increase

the possibility of using hydrogen across a wider operating range.

ReferencesMurat Ciniviz, Huseyin kose, Hydrogen use in internal combustion engine: A review, international journal of automotive engineering and technologies, 2011.

VVN Bhaskara, Dr. R Hari Prakash, Dr B Durga Prasad, Hydrogen fuelled ic engine – an overview, ( IJITR) International journal of innovative technology and research Volume No. 1, Issue No. 1, December-January 2013, 046-053.

B.Rajendra Prasath, E.Leelakrishnan, N. Lokesh, H. Suriyan, E. Guru Prakash, K. Omur Mustaq Ahmed , Hydrogen Operated Internal Combustion Engines – A New Generation Fuel , International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced Engineering , (ISSN 2250-2459, Volume 2, Issue 4, April 2012)

Erol Kahramana, S. Cihangir Ozcanlib, Baris Ozerdemb, An experimental study on performance and emission characteristics of a hydrogen fuelled spark ignition engine International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 32 (2007) 2066 - 2072

Das LM, Gulati R, Gupta PK,A comparative evaluation of the performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen and compressed natural gas as alternative fuels, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2000;25(8):783-93

Das LM, Hydrogen engine: research and development programes in Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2002;27(9):953-65

Karim GA,A comparative evaluation of the performance characteristics of a spark ignition engine using hydrogen and compressed natural gas as alternative fuels, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy. 2000;25(8):783-93

Thank you

The BMW Hydrogen 7