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Hydropower. Hydropower and Water Turbines. Renewable Energy Resources. Objectives:. To design and construct a water wheel, using the principles of hydropower, which will lift the greatest possible load. Demonstrate understanding of the required parts of a hydropower turbine. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Hydropower and Water Turbines
Renewable Energy Resources
Hydropower
Objectives:• To design and construct a water wheel, using the
principles of hydropower, which will lift the greatest possible load.
• Demonstrate understanding of the required parts of a hydropower turbine.
• Utilize mechanical and conceptual skills through construction and operation of a model hydropower turbine.
Hydropower
Does water have energy?• If so, what type of energy?• What does water need to be doing to utilise its
energy?
Hydropower
Reminder:Potential Kinetic
• Gravitational Potential – energy due to the position of an object.
• Chemical Potential – energy present within the chemical bonds of a substance.
• Elastic potential – energy of a stretched or compressed object.
• Nuclear potential – energy of particles inside an atomic nucleus.
• Radiant solar energy – the motion of EMR
• Sound energy – the motion of sound waves
• Electrical energy – the motion of flowing electrons
• Thermal energy – the motion of particles
Hydropower and Water Turbines
Lake Tyin near Årdal, Norway
Hydropower
According to Norway’s Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
• Norway has the world's largest per capita hydropower production.
• Norway is the 6th largest hydropower producer in the world.
• In a year with normal precipitation, hydropower generation is around 120 Terawatt hours per year, corresponding to approximately 99 % of Norway's total power production.
Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
Hydropower History in Norway
• The largest hydropower development projects were carried out between 1970 and 1985, when installed capacity increased on an average of 4.1 per cent per year.
• Towards the end of the 1980s, Norway’s rate of hydropower development declined.
Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
Hydropower History in Norway
• Since the beginning of the 1990s, addition of new production capacity has been consistently low. Capacity increased by 800 MW from 1993 to 2005.
• The increase in the 1990s was primarily due to refurbishment and upgrading of old power stations, which resulted in better utilisation of existing power stations.
Source: Ministry of Petroleum and Energy
Hydropower in Canada
• Provides 60% of Canada’s electricity and is a cornerstone of Canada’s economy.
• 3rd Largest hydro producer in the world.• 355 Terawatt hours per year of electricity
produced.
Source: Canadian Hydropower Association
Comparison of hydropower produced
• Norway– 120 Terawatt hours per year (5 million people)
• Canada– 355 Terawatt hours per year (35 million people)
• Sweden?– 65 Terawatt hours per year (9.5 million people)
Not a “new” idea…Watermill of Braine-le-Château, Belgium (12th century)
Hydropower
• But far more efficient now!• Converting over 90% of available energy into
electricity, hydropower is the most efficient source of electrical energy.
• By comparison, the best fossil fuel power plants operate at approximately 60% efficiency.
Source: Canadian Hydropower Association
Hydropower
• We have seen how it works.• What components make it the
most efficient?• Let’s design and test our
knowledge.
• Most is created when a stored potential energy of water in a reservoir behind a dam is converted to kinetic energy (motion) as it falls through a penstock (pipes and or channels) to a turbine.
Hydropower
• The motion of the turbine's electro-magnets interacts with the coils of a generator to create electrical energy.
Hydropower
Challenge:• Can you design a water wheel to raise a
maximum amount of weight?
Hydropower
Challenge:
Step 1: Design – Things to consider:a. Fin size (small to larger)b. Fin shapec. Number of finsd. Organization of fins
Source
• Adapted from Power Sleuth