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HYDROSPHERE

HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

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Page 1: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

HYDROSPHERE

Page 2: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

•  WateronEarth•  Proper-esofwater(I)•  Proper-esofwater(II)•  Theimportanceofwaterforlivingthings•  Thewatercycle•  Usesofwater•  Waterpollu-on•  Purifica-onofwater•  Wastewatertreatment

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 2

Thehydrosphere

Page 3: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

WATERONEARTH

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 3

Thehydrosphere

Page 4: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 4

ThemassofwaterthatformspartoftheEarth’ssurfaceiscalledthehydrosphere.Thisincludeswaterinallthreestates.

Freshwaterhasaconcentra-onofdissolvedsaltsequalorlessthan0,2gramsofsaltsperlitre.

Freshwatercontainsanaverageof35gramsofsaltsperlitre.

Atmosphericandsurface

water0,4%

Freshwater2,5%

Groundwater30,1%

Permafrost0,8%Glaciars

68,7%

Freshwaterlakes

67,4%

Groundhumidity12,2%

Atmosphere9,5%

Otherwetlands8,5%

Rivers1,6%

Plantsand

animals0,8%

Totalwater100%

Oceans97,5%

TheatmosphereThehydrosphere

Page 5: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

PROPERTIESOFWATER(I)

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 5

Thehydrosphere

Page 6: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 6

Waterisamoleculeformedbythecombina-onoftwohydrogenatomsandoneoxygenatom(H2O).

•  Pureliquidwaterisacolourless,odourlessandtasteless.

•  Atroomtemperature,waterisliquid.However,itcanchangestatewhenitisliquidorsolid.

Thehydrosphere

Page 7: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

PROPERTIESOFWATER(II)

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 7

Thehydrosphere

Page 8: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 8

•  Thedensityofwaterislowerinasolidstatethanitisinaliquidstate.

•  Waterhasaveryhighheatcapacity,whichmeansitisagoodtemperatureregulator.

•  Waterisknownastheuniversalsolvent.

•  WaterparXcipatesinmanychemicalreacXons.

•  Waterdisplaysahighadhesivecapacity.Thischaracteris-cisfundamentalforsomeofitsproper-essuchascapilarity,incompressibilityandsurfacetension.

Glasscapillary

GlassAdhesiveforces

Watermolecules

Pressureexerted

Pressureexerted

Gas

Gas

Liquid

Liquid

Thehydrosphere

Page 9: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

THEIMPORTANCEOFWATERFORLIVINGTHINGS

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 9

Thehydrosphere

Page 10: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 10

•  Itallowslifeunderice.

•  Wateristhemajorcomponentforlivingthings.

•  Ittransportsnutrientsforcellsandwastesubstancestoberemovedfromtheorganisms.

•  Itdeterminestheclimateofthehabitats.

•  Itisemployedbysomelivingthingstoregulatetheirowntemperature.

•  Capilarityallowsnutrientstocirculatethroughconduc-vevesselsinplants.

•  Thehighadhesivecapacityofwatermoleculesandtheirincompressibilityallowsthemtofunc-onasaskeletonincertainanimals(hydrosta-cskeleton),andmakesplantsturgid(rigid).

Thehydrosphere

Page 11: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

THEWATERCYCLE

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 11

Thehydrosphere

Page 12: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 12

ThewatercycleisthegroupofprocessesthatallowwatertochangestateandtravelbetweentheatmosphereandtheEarth’ssurfaceinacyclicalmovement.TheenergysourcesthatactasanengineofthiscycleofprocessesaretheSunandtheforceofgravity.

Waterfrommel-ngsnowjoinssurfacewaters.

Waterfromcloudsprecipitatesasrain,hailorsnow.

Inthetroposphere,watervapourcoolsandcondensesforming

clouds.

TheSunheatstheEarth’ssurfaceandevaporatesseawaterandcon-nentalwater.

Surfacewatersformwatersurfacerunoffsthatmovetowardstheseaundertheforceofgravity.

Someofthewaterfromprecipita-oninfiltrates(filters)intotheground,forminggroundwater.

Thehydrosphere

Page 13: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

Consequencesofthewatercycle

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 13

•  Thewatercycleandtheatmosphere

-Thepresenceofwaterintheatmosphereisresponsibleforthedifferencesinclimateandprecipita-on.

•  Thewatercycleandthegeosphere

-Waterchangesthesurfaceofthecon-nentalcrustbypar-cipa-ngintheshapingofreliefandmodifyinglandscapes.

•  Thewatercycleandthebiosphere

-Thebalancethatthewatercyclemaintainsinterrestrialecosystemscanbealteredbyhumanac-on.

Thehydrosphere

Page 14: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

USESOFWATER

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 14

Thehydrosphere

Page 15: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 15

•  Non-consumpXveuse:usedwaterisreturnedtothewatercyclewithoutasignificantaltera-oninitsquality.

•  ConsumpXveuse:thewaterweuseisnotreturnedtothewatercycle.

-Industrialuse:itrepresents9%ofthetotalconsump-veuse

inSpain.

-DomesXcuse:itrepresents12%ofthetotaluseinSpain.

-Agriculturaluse:itrepresents79%of

thetotalconsump-veuse.

-RecreaXonalacXviXes

-AcXviXesrelatedtotransport

-Obtainmentofhydroelectric

power

Thehydrosphere

Page 16: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

WATERPOLLUTION

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 16

Thehydrosphere

Page 17: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 17

WaterpolluXonisthealtera-oninthecomposi-onofwaterthatmakesitinadequateforitsintendeduse.

•  SurfacewaterpolluXon

•  SeasandoceanspolluXon

-Oilslick-Surfacewaterpollu-onthatdischargesonthem.

- PolluXon from agriculture and livestock farming: the use of herbicides,pes-cidesandfer-lisers.-DomesXcpolluXon:waterpollutedbydomes-cuseiscalledwastewater.-IndustrialpolluXon:pollu-onwithtoxicmetalsorincreasingwatertemperature.

Thehydrosphere

Page 18: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

DRINKINGWATERTREATMENT

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 18

Thehydrosphere

Page 19: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A.19

Drinkingwatertreatmentistheprocessbywhichwateristreatedtomakeitsuitableforhumanconsump-on.

1.Oncewaterisobtained,itpassesthroughgrilles8andfiltersthatremovelargersolidobjects.

2.ThewaterisconductedtosedimentaXontanksforsmallerpar-clestodeposit. 3.FlocculaXonsubstancesareadded

tothewatertojoinitspar-cles.Smallimpuri-esstayatthebo_om.Then,thewaterisfilteredagaintoremoveremainingimpuri-es.

4.Then,thewaterundergoesdisinfecXon,usingultravioletraysorchlorine.Finally,itisstoredintankstobedistributed.

rain

pump

reservoir

pump

filtersedimenta-on

tank

floccula-ontank

mechanicalsepara-ongrille

chlorina-on

watertank

totheconsumer

Thehydrosphere

Page 20: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

WASTEWATERTREATMENT

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 20

Thehydrosphere

Page 21: HYDROSPHERE - IES Las EncinasThe mass of water that forms part of the Earth’s surface is called the hydrosphere. This includes water in all three states. Fresh water has a concentraon

Lahidrosfera

©OxfordUniversityPressEspaña,S.A. 21

Wastewatertreatmentistheprocessthateliminatestoxicsubstancesandothersubstancesdangeroustotheenvironment.

filter

screeningtank

mud

sedimenta-ontank

air

aera-ontank

biologicalfilters

rotarysprinkler

totheriver

2.InthesedimentaXontanks,thesmallerpar-clesgotothebo_om.Organicma_erandmicroorganismsarealsodeposited,formingsludge.

1.Thefilterandscreeningtankretainthelargermaterialsatthebeginningoftheprocess.

Mudcanbetreatedandthenusedforcompos-ngandfer-lisingpurposes.

3.TheaeraXontankprovidesoxygen,whichisthenusedbyaerobicmicroorganismsinthebiologicalfilters.Thesemicroorganismsdigestorganicma_ercontainedinthewater.

Thehydrosphere


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