Hygienic requirements for health-care

institutions, including dental

profile.Occupational dentists, dental

technicians. Biosafety and bioethics work

dentists

A hospital is an institution for health care providing patient treatment by specialised staff and equipment, and often but not always providing for longer-term patient stays.

Number of beds

Area norm per 1 bed, m2

Number of beds

Area norm per 1 bed, m2

up to 50 300 > 400 to 800 100-80

> 50 to 100 300-200 > 800 to 1 000

80-60

> 100 to 200 200-140 > 1 000 60

>200 to 400 140-100

The site land area depends on the power, specialization and system of the hospital group of

buildings site development

Systems of hospital site Systems of hospital site development are:development are:

decentralized (pavilion), centralized, mixed, centralized-blocked – the best system of hospital

Decentralized (pavilion) type of hospital

each department is situated in the separate building;

The positive feature of the decentralized system is the possibility of patients to stay more outdoors;

the drawback is the difficulty during the usage of the diagnostic, physiotherapeutic measures or their doubling, which increases the capital expenditure.

Centralized system

all departments are situated in one (semidetached) building;

The drawback of the centralized system is the difficulty of nosocomial infections prevention,

Decreased time or impossibility of the patients to stay outdoors.

Noise

Centralized-blocked system of hospital

Such version ensures both centralization of medical processes and using of equipment and realization of a principle of isolation of separate medical departments.

The hospital site housing density depending on the amount of beds should not exceed 10 – 15 %. Up to 60 – 65 % of the area should be occupied by all kinds of green area; 20 – 25 % - a household zone, passages and passageways. The size of the landscape zone should be not less than 25 m2 per one bed.

Surgical department

The operating block of a surgical department should be situated in the blind-ended projection or in the separate outhouse of the hospital

In the operating block there should be following rooms: the operating room – 30 m2 (on the basis of 30-50 surgical beds in the department; for the complex operations – 40-45 m2)

Hygienic requirements

concerning of the hospital departments

Each hospital department is intended for patients with similar diseases. It should include: ward sections for 30 beds, with 6 wards for 4 beds with the area of 7 m2 per bed, 2 wards for 2 beds with the area of 7 m2 per bed wards2 wards for 1 bed with the area of 9-12 m2 for severe somatic and infectious patients, with the cubic capacity of 20-25 m3 for each patient and the ventilation volume – 40-45 m3/hour.

The wards ventilation should be achieved by means of exhaust ventilation ducts, presence of window leaves and windows which can be opened; the modern hospitals should be equipped with air-conditioners.

The treatment protective mode of permanent establishment includes the followings elements:

providing of the mode is a thrift of psyche of patient; adherence of rules of internal order of day; providing of the mode rational physical (motive) to

activity.

DENTISTRY

DENTISTRY Cabinets

Digital ortopantomograph

utilized for the receipt of panoramic picture of teeth, necessity in surgical dentistry for the exposure of breaks, cysts, tumors, for the estimation of the state of bone

PLAN OF THE DENTRISTRY CLINIC

Hospitalism Be are what physical, psychical, infectious disorders of health of man, conditioned the features of medical service.

Physical Psychical

Accident Hospital infection

Hospital cultures are adapted

Hospital cultures are un adapted

sporadic endemic epidemic

Hospitalism

Intrhospital (nosocomial, hospital) infection

any clinically recognized disease of microbial etiology is related to the stay, treatment, inspection or appeal of man for medical help in hospital.

Exciters of intrahospital (nosocomial, hospital) infections

Staphylococcuss, streptococci, blue pear stick, proteus, collibacillus, salmonella, enterobacteria, enterococcus and other de bane ease pathogenic microorganisms.

And also viruses of flu, adenoviruss, rotaviruss, enteroviruss, exciters of viral hepatitis et al

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Distribution of certain exciter in development of infection can be related to the type of medical establishment

In permanent establishments of general surgical type are gram-negative bacteria, in particular blue pear

in urology separations is a coli bacillus, enterococcus and others like that.

ESCHERICHIA COLI

Distribution of certain exciter in development of infection can be related to the type of medical establishment

Blue pear sticks prevail in ambustial separations.

in separations new-born find staphylococcus, enterococcuss.

STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS

Sources of infection: patients personnel visitors apparatus instruments linen et cetera

Patients can be infected pathogenic factors both from an external environment and own in the case of hyposthenic immunity

Ways of transfer of intrahospital infections

PATIENT

Objects materials

animals and others like that

Personnel visitors patients

Except for control after the observance of sanitary-hygienic requirements in relation to apartments, personal

hygiene it is necessary to conduct: - timely exposure and

sanation of transmitters of pathogenic staphylococcus: one time in a quarter obligatory inspection of employees on the transmitter of pathogenic staphylococcus for the medical staff of surgical separations and maternity hospital, and at origin of infection – on the measure of necessity;

- safety measures at AIDS and disease mode (order ¹ 486), measures of infection (order ¹ 120);

- observance of rules of asepsis and antiseptic;

control after patients with an exposure in them of pediculosis and them

Pediculosis treatments (order ¹ 410), teniosis, infectious diseases, to hepatitis and others like that;

Heterospecific prophylaxis Specific prophylaxis

Prophylaxis of in-hospital infections

Architectonically plan measures

Tekhnichni measures

Sanitary disease

measures

Dezinfekciyno-sterilizaciyni

measures

Pla

nn

ed

Ekstr

en

na

IMMUNISATION

Architectonically plan measures

Isolation of sections, chambers, operating blocks but other

Observance of streams sick, personnel

A rational location of separations is on floors

Zonuvannya of territory

Technical measures

Ventilation: (reveal, drawing, mixed, кондиціювання, equipments of ламінарні and others like that)

Sanitary disease measures

An exposure of transmitters is among a personnel and patients

Control is after the sanitary state and mode of permanent establishments

Sanitary educational work is among a personnel and patients

Control is after the bacterial semi nation of in-hospital environment

Disinfection-sterilization measures

Usephysical methods Use

chemical facilities

Tooling

д