918 TM BM= I] MEMORANDA. iMAY 6. 193

means of Loeffler's alkaline methylene blue (aqu. sol.dilute before use with an equal vol. water) the nervecells and the connective tissue throughout the sectioncan be stained, but the nerve tubes are poorly shown.Excess of dye is removed by the piridin which follows. Picro-carmine (half an hour) stains all the structures present; butI have hitherto got the most satisfactory results by stainingfirst in anilin blue-black, of the strength given, for 20 minutes,and subsequently in picro-carmine for 15 to 30 minutes. Thestaining of the grey matter will, I hope, be presently im-proved upon. My immediate object is more especially tobring to notice the fact that by means of piridin sections ofthe fresh cord can be fixed and preserved un4wrinkled, eachnerve tube being well defined. Sections prepared andmounted in the manner described show scarcely any diminu-tion in size when compared with the original cord. Therapidity of the niethod is noteworthy, for by it the cord canbe removed, cut, stained, and mounted in the course of a day;indeed, it is probable that from 2 to 4 hours would suffice.In conclusion, I may state that I have hitherto practised

with the cord of the cow, cat, and rabbit respectively, in each.case successfully, with the reservation regarding the greymatter alluded to. The longest period which has elapsed be-tween the death of the animal and the time of cutting sections(after which the elements were thoroughly fixed) is an hourand a-half (cow's cord). I have not yet cut any later than-this.Judging from certain specimens in which nerve roots ap-

pear outside the cord in transverse section, I am disposed tothink that the same method may be advantageously em-ployed for peripheral nerves.

HYPERTROPHIC ELONGATION OF THECERVIX AS A CAUSE OF OBSTRUCTED

LABOUR.1By SAMUEL GRIFFITH, M.D.,

Portmado¢.

HYPERTHOPHY and elongation of the cervix and os uteri, orhypertrophic elongation of the cervix, is a very uncommoncause of obstructed laJbour. In an experience of forty yearsI have met with only the two following cases.CAsB I.-On November 17th 1888, 1 was called to visit Mrs.

W., stated to be in labour of her second child. I found hercomplaining of very severe but irregular pains in the back.The os uteri was between the vulvi, looking excessivelyswollen and livid, with a posterior and anterior slit at leastan inch deep in the cervix; the cervix was also very hyper-trophic, and was elongated to the extent of three inches. Boththe external and internal os, as well as the cervical canal,were so patulous that I had no difficulty in inserting myfinger and feeling the presenting part above the brim. Therewas no bulging of the membranes with the pains, so I left thehouse, prescribing rest, opiates, and purgatives. I was notsummoned again until November 24th, and as I was not athome when the messenger came, my assistant went there andremained with the patient all night. On November 25th,about midday, he sent for me, stating that the patient wasmaking no progress, that she had been having pains all night,but they were not at all strong; that shortly before he sentthey had ceased altogether, and that the patient looked veryweak. When I arrived it was quite evident that rupture ofthe uterus had taken place.

Tait's modification of Porro's operation having just beenmade known, I was very anxious to perform it, and for thatpurpose sent for myfriend and former pupil, Dr. Jones-Morris,to assist me. The husband, however, refused his consentunless we could guarantee that the operation would be suc-cessful; this, of course, we were not able to do, but we assuredhim it was the only chance for the poor woman. She died inabout fifteen hours after the rupture had taken place.

I was allowed to make a po8t-mortem examination. Therupture was a transverse one, and exactly on a level with theperitoneal surface of the roof of the vagina-that is, imme-1 Abstract of a paper read at a meeting of the North Wales Branch of the

.British Medical Association.

diately above the internal os; there had been very littlehsemorrhage, and evidently death was eaused by shock.CAsB ir.-In August, 1892, Dr. Jones-Morris requested me

tlb see a multipara with him, as the case resembled very muchthe one he had seen with me. There was, however, good dilata-tion, and he had applied the long forceps, but coufd make noheadway. The pulse was fairly good, but the pains weak.We applied the forceps again, but as soon as we did so thepains stopped altogether; we had, therefore, to remove them,and wait for pains to return. This was on Sunday evening,the pains did not return with any force until Mondayevening; we then applied the forceps again, and delivered herof a stillborn child after a very tedious and difficult opera--tion; metritis set in, and in five or six days the patient suc-cumbed.This complication is so rare that in most of our obstet-

ric literature it is not even hinted at, but in Spiegel-berg's Textbook of Midwifery "p rolongation of the cer-vix, especially of its intravaginal portion," is just men-tioned. It is stated that it must not be confounded withprolapse, that the condition is unimportant, and causes notrouble during labour, except, perhaps, by a delayed soften-ing of the lips of the os, interfering with its dilatation. This,,however, is wrong, as it is clear that hypertrophic elon-gation of the cervix may lead to very serious difficultiesin delivery. Professor Simpson2 describes in the EdinburghObstetrical Society's Traneactione a case in which " it becamenecessary for him to break up the head of the child in awoman in whom the cervix was between four and five inches-long, and correspondingly thickened; and he mentions other-cases where lateral incisions nearly two inches deep had to.be made through the cervix before delivery could be effected."

2 is.n Lawson Tait's Disease8 of Women and Abdominal Surgery.

MEMO RANDAIMEDICAL, SURGICAL, OBSTETRICAL, THERA-

PEUTICAL, PATHOLOGICAL, ETC.

PSOAS ABSCESS TREATED BY REPEATED ASPIR&-TION AND INJECTION OF IODOFORM EMULSION.

H. B., aged 20, in August, 1891, complained of weakness andlassitude, which had come on after two severe attacks of in--fluenza. In October, 1891, he complained of aching in the;lumbar region, but careful examination showed nothing toindicate spinal mischief. In a few weeks the pain disap-peared; but in January, 1892, he came again with a swelling'in the right groin, which proved to be a large psoas abscess ;there was no deformity or tenderness of the spine. In fact,the patient had been daily following a somewhat laboriousoccupation. The apices of both lungs showed impaired re-sonance and marked crepitations.Treatment.-It was decided to try a method of aspiration,

recommended by Mr. A. W. Mayo Robson in the BRIriisMEDICAL JOURNAL of April 25th, 1891. On January 26th the.first aspiration was performed, with antiseptic precautions,and 24 ounces of pus drawn off. Aspiration was stopped im-mediately the pus became tinged with blood. Pads were ap-plied above and below Poupart's ligament, then cotton wooland a bandage, and over all elastic webbing, so as to get con,siderable elastic pressure. The patient was kept perfectly at.rest on his back in bed, and disturbed as little as possible,.whilst cod-liver oil and as much nourishing food as possible.were given. The temperature, previously hectic, became atonce almost normal, with a variation of 1° between morningand evening. In two weeks the temperature became hecticeagain (a variation of 30 between morning and evening), andthe abscess cavity was found to be refilling. On February15th it was again aspirated, 17 ounces of pus drawn off, and Iounce of iodoform emulsion injected. The after-treatmentwas the same as before.On March 7th the cavity was again aspirated; 11 ounces of

pus drawn off, and 1H ounce of iodoform emulsion injected.The temperature again improved for a time, and then resumedthe hectic type.On April 5th aspiration was performed for the fourth time,

MAY 6, 1893.1 HOSPITAL REPORTS. [Kmx'A',

6 ounces of pus drawn off, and 11 ounce of iodoform emul-sion injected.On Mev 4%h the fiFth and last aspiration was performed, 6

ounces of pus were withdrawn, and 1I ounce of iodoformemulsion injected. From this time the temperature, whichhad been markedly hectic, with a variation of 30 betweennight and morni.;.g, became almost normal at night and sub-Mormal in the morning, with variation of 10 to 1.2. Hisweight rose from 126 lbs. on March 24th to 139 lbs. on July<6th, and the abscess never filled again. In about six weeksfrom the last aspiration he began to move about the house,wearing a felt jacket, and early in July went to Colwyn Bay,where he stayed until the end of March, 1893. He wore thejacket for about three months, and then walked about withoutany support at all. There has been no sign of any recurrence,but the lungs have steadily grown worse, and now his larynxis affected. However, he still walks out every day, and hasno trouble from his spinal mischief.Remarks.-The above result is a little remarkable when the

condition of the patient's lungs is taken into consideration.The favourable result obtained by the above method on apatient who certainly could not be considered a favourable casefor any method of treatment seems to show that it would be ad-visable to adopt it more frequently. Even for hospital cases,&s Mr. Robson remarks, it has many advantages; for,although repeated aspirations are necessary, yet the timenecessary for a cure will probably not be longer than that re--quired by any other method, whilst there is a great saving in,cleanliness, comfort, trouble, and expense, as scarcely anydressings are required.PERCY ASHWORTH, F.R.C.S.Eng., M.D., B.S., B.Sc.Lond.,

Honorary Assistant-Surgeon to the clinical Hospital forWomen and Children, Manchester.

INFRA-MAXILLARY INCISION IN EXCISION OF THEUPPER JAW.

IN the early part of this year I wrote to you on ProfessorOgston's plan of removing the tongue, and at the same timethe glands beneath the lower jaw, by an incision from theangle of the mouth vertically downwards, and then along thejaw to the angle. I had operated on a woman in a way prac-tically identical a few months before his paper appeared, theonly difference being that I began my incision in the middleof the lower lip, extending it to a point below the chin, andthen backwards towards the angle of the jaw. I recommendedthis incision not only for the operation in question, but asbeing suggestive of future development, and mentioned theqpossibility of its being utilised in operation of the upper jaw.A case in point soon after came under my care at the HullRoyal Infirmary. Thepatientwas suffering from a malignanttumour of the upper jaw, involving the alveolus and filling the.antrum. Dr. North, the senior house-surgeon, suggested toime that it was a good case for the incision in question. I-thought by commencing the incision through the midlip lessscar would result than by the other. The horizontal part was.extended closebenpath the jawto the middleofthemasseter,thefacial artery being divided. The whole covering of the lowerjaw, skin and muscle, was reflected, the side of the face and-ala of nose turned upwards, and the palatine arch divided,,plenty of room being afforded for all manipulations. I didnot deem it necessary to remove the whole jaw, but had Idone so the incision would have given me ample space, andhad more been necessary the dissection could have been-carried further back towards the ramus of the lower jaw, or-even the soft part of the nose reflected. The result is of themost gratifying nature. The scar in the neck is very slightand easily concealed, while the vertical portion along the'centre of the lower lip and chin has the appearance of anatural dimple. The face is untouched, and as the patient'has a considerable share of good looks she is naturally.pleased at being disfigured so little.

D. LowsoN,Assistant-Surgeon Hull Royal Infirmary.

ON THE NATURAL CURE OF BASAL EMPYEMAAFTER PNEUMONIA.

VWHILST house-surgeon at a provincial hospital in 1887-8 I hada series of 4 cases of empyema following pneumonia in,children.

(1) In two the quantity of pus was small, and after thefirst exploratory puncture it completely disappeared withperfect recovery, so that a second exploration a few days laterproved abortive.

(3) In the third case scarlatina had preceded the broncho-pneumonia. There was extensive dulness, which the syringeshowed to be caused by pus, which had burst into the lungand was being expectorated. Incision was proposed, anddeclined by the parents, who transferred the case to anothersurgeon, who simply exhibited 01. morrhuse. The result,much to my surprise, was complete recovery, so that abouttwo months later I could detect no difference between thetwo bases. Air entered freely, and there was no retraction.

(4) The fourth case had one side of tYe c)hest full of pus.Operation was decliaed by pareLts until the child was almostwasted away, and a swelling had formed in the elbow(pymemic ?). Incision and drainage were then done in hospital,but too late.

(5) Lastly, I have since had a case in an adult followingacute rheumatism and croupous pneumonia, in which, a fewdays after the pneumonic crisis and before the dulness hadcleared up, the temperature rose again, but before any ex-ploration was done. The empyema burst into the lung, andwas expectorated in large amount. By the next day thetemperature fell to normal, and air was, entering the base, sothat no operation was needed. The result was recovery.From these cases it seems (a) that small empyemata after

pneumonia may be expected to resolve, but if large theyshould certainly be drained. Professor Schroeder, of Vienna,I believe, is of this opinion. (b) That the result of anempyema evacuated through the lung is not necessarily bad.If the opening be valvular the lung does not retract, so thatin the end the result may be even better than that of opera-tion. But, knowing the dangers of a large empyema, non-interference cannot be recommended.

W. B. RUSSELL, B.A., M.B.Cantab.Colwyn Bay, North Wales.

REPORTSON

MEDICAL & SURGICAL PRACTICE IN THE HOSPITALSAND ASYLUMS OF GREAT BRITAIN, IRELAND,

AND THE COLONIES.

GENERAL HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN, PENDLE-BURY, MANCHESTER.

THE TREATMENT OF MENINGOCELE, WITH REPORTS OF TWOCASES TREATED BY EXCISION.

(By ARNOLD W. W. LEA, M.D., B.S.Lond., F.R.C.S.Eng.,Senior Resident Medical Officer.)

[Under the care of G. A. WRIGHT, M.B.Oxon., F.R.C.S.Eng.]THE treatment of meningocele has always been unsatisfactory,one of the main causes being that hydrocephalus is almostconstantly present in these cases. There is, undoubtedly. acausal relation between the two conditions; it is probablethat early in fcetal life there is increased tension in theventricles of the brain and the subarachnoid space, possiblydue to inflammatory changes in the epithelium of theventricles, and as a result of this a hernia of the meninges isliable to occur. During the first few months of life there isfrequently no indication of distension externally, but even atthis time the ventricles are dilated, and in many cases thehydrocephalus becomes well marked before the age of twelvemonths. It is evident that in these cases too much must notbe expected from any method of treatment, since even if themeningocele be cured the hydrocephalic condition remainsunaltered. If untreated, the children very commonly diewithin a few months; often the meningocele increases in size,the skin over it becomes thinned, and eventually gives way,,and death results from meningitis. In rare cases the tumourhas disappeared after rupture, and the child has recovered.If the children survive they are extremely likely to becomeidiots, and it is probable that even where the mieningocele iscured, not very much intellectual improvement can be anti-cipatee.

MAY 6 1893.1 OBITUARY. Birrm 985

OBITUARY,HANS KUNDRAT, M.D.,

Professor of Pathology, University of Vienna.WE regret to announce that Professor Kundrat, of Vienna,died of apoplexy on April 25th, after three days' illness.He was born at Vienna in 1845, and received his general

and professional education in the gymnasium and universityof his native city. While he was yet a student he was De-monstrator under Hyrtl and Rokitansky. On taking hisdoctor's degree, in 1868, he was at once chosen by Rokitanskyas his assistant. In 1873 he qualified as Privat-docent, and in1875 he was promoted to be Extraordinary Professor. In 1877he was called to the Chair of Pathology at Graz, is successionto Professor Heschel. That post he held for five years, whenhe was appointed to the Chair of Pathology at Vienna, whichhe continued to hold till his death. In 1887-88 he was Deanof the Vienna Medical Faculty. He was for many years ChiefSecretary of the Imperial Royal Medical Society, of which hewas one of the leading spirits.Kundrat was Rokitansky's favourite pupil, and it was his

ambition to keep the work of his own department and of themedical faculty generally at the level where that great teacherhad left it. He was a conscientious teacher and a mostlaborious worker, having conducted some 70,000 post-mortemexaminations. He has left in manuscript a catalogue of hisown pathological museum, which contains a very largeamount of most instructive material. Besides a work on theAnatomy of the Uteru durinq Menstruation published in col-laboration with Engelmann, Professor kundrat was theauthor of The Autodigestive Processes oJ the Gastric MucousMembrane (1877), Archinencephalus as a Typical kind of Mal-formation (1882), and Porencephalus (1882).

Professor Kundrat has for many years been aware that hewas the subject of heart disease, but he never allowed this tointerfere with his work. He was a man of high character andof great influence, and his premature death has excited wide-spread sorrow in Vienna.

GEORGE S. SHATTUCK, M.D.,Late Professor of Medicine, University of Harvard.

INDr. George S. Shattuck of Boston, U.S.A., who died on March22nd, the medical profession in America has lost one of itsforemost members. He was born at Boston in 1813, both hisfather and his grandfather having been well-known physi-cians. His mother was the daughter of the first Speaker of aMassachusetts House of Representatives under the constitu-tion of the United States. Mr. George Bancroft, the distin-guished historian of the United States, and subsequently sofong their diplomatic representative at the Court of Berlin,was one of his schoolmasters. Shattuck afterwards went toHarvard, where he graduated in Arts in 1831, in the sameclass as Wendell Phillips and J. Lothrop Motley. After abrief study of law he turned his attention to medicine, takinghis M.D. at Harvard in 1835. He then made the customarypilgrimage to Europe, where he remained three years studyingin Paris under Louis, and afterwards in London. At theLondon Fever Hospital, he, at Louis's suggestion, collecteddata for the differentiation of typhus from typhoid fever,which were embodied in papers presented to the Paris Societyfor Medical Observations in 1838.In 1849 Dr. Shattuck was appointed Visiting Physician to

the Massachusetts General Hospital, an office in which hesucceeded Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, and which he con-tinued to hold for thirty-six years. In 1855 he was appointedProfessor of Clinical Medicine in the Harvard Medical School,and in 1859 he was transferred to the Chair of the Theory andPractice of Medicine, which he held till 1874. For manyyears also he was Dean of the Harvard Medical School, andin this position he behaved with the most enlightened andpublic-spirited regard for the efficiency of the school. Amonghis colleagues at Harvard were 0. W. Holmes, H. J. Bowditch,H. J. Bigelow, and D. W. Cheever.In 1872-73 Dr. Shattuck was President of the Massachusetts

Medical Society, and he was for many years Chairman of itsCommittee on Publications. He was Vice-President of the

American Statistical Association, and a member of the lead-ing medical societies of Boston. His intellectual and socialinterests were wide and varied, and he took an active part inthe promotion of schemes for the improvement and diffusionof education. He was an able and honourable physician, anda man of the highest character and integrity.

UNIVERSITIES AND COLLEGES,UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE.

THIRD Ex&AMINATION FOR MEDICAL AND SURGICAL DEGREES. EasterTerm, 1893. Patt I (S'argery and Midwiferv). Examined and ap-proved.-Allen, B.A., Chr.: Barber, B A., Gonv. and Cai.; Bland-ford, B.A., Pemb.; Blumfeld, B.A., Gonv. and Cai.; Bottomley,B.A., Gonv. and Cai.: Bowes, B.A., Gonv. and Cal.; Broadbent,B.A., Trin.; Budden, B.A., Gonv. and Cal.; Collcutt, B.A., Gonv-..and Cal. Cuff, B A., Joh.; F. N. Day, B.A., Gonv. and Cal. ; DuftonB.A., Gonv. and Cai.; Hayne, B.A., Gonv. and Cal. HHenry, B.AJoh. ; H. B. Hewitt. B.A.. Cla.: Hood, B.A., Down.; Kirby, B.A.,Trin.: B. H. Lees, B.A., Joh.; F. H. Lewis, B.A., Joh.; McCardie,B.A., Gonv. and Cal. ; Master, B.A.. Gonv. and Cai. ; Menzies, B.A.,Jes.; Mitchell, B.A., Queens'; Moysey, B.A., Gonv. and Cal.;Nicolls, M.A., Pet.; Ord, B.A., Gonv. and Cal.; Peck, B.A., Trin.-Sandal], B.A., Joh.; Saw, B.A., Trin.; A. Shillitoe, B A., Trin. H.;A. A. Shillitoe, B.A., Trin. H.; Stewart. B.A., Chr.; Tatham, BA.,.Gonv. and ('ai.; Wingate, B.A., Jes; Woodrooffe, B.A., GoDv. andCat. ; Wright, B.A., Non Coll.

CRANE'S CHARITY.-The distributors of this Charity, who make grants"to poor Scholars for their relief that are sick. for paying their Physickdiet or other thiDgs necessary for them in their sickness," will meet at.Christ's College Lodge on May 16th to receive applications, which must.be made through the College tutors.DEGREES.-At the Congregation on April 26th the following degrees

were conferred:-M.D.: John Panting, M.A., of King's College (thesisUlcerative Colitis); HenryTrotter Rutherford, B.A., M.B., of Gouville anaCalus College (thesis, The Galvanic Current in Diseases of Women).DRAINAGFE OF THE HosPITAL.-Part of Addenbrooke's Hospital, which

has been closed since last December for the reconstruction of the drain.age and for other sanitary improvements, has now been opened for thereception of patients. A grant of £50 from the University Chest has beenmade to the drainage fund. The total expense will probably reach some£5,000, and of this not quite one-half has been raised by special contri-butions in the University, town, and county. Further contributions arestill urgently required. When the works are complete it is believed tbatthe hospital will compare favourably with any in the country in respectof its sanitary arrangements.FrFZWILLIAM MusEuM.-Professor A. Macalister, M.D., President of the

Anthropological Institute, has been elected a member of the Syndicate ofthe Fitzwilliam Museum of Art and Archmology.PRACTICAr. INSTRUCTION IN HYGIENE.-As is usual during the summer,

a six months' course in Practical Hygiene in connection with the Ex-amination in Sanitary Science is being given in Cambridge at the Uni-versity Laboratory. The object of the course is to give practical andtheoretical instruction in the chemical, physical, and microscopical sub-jects required for the diploma in Public Health, special attention beinggiven to the analysis of air, water, and foods. The course is now underthe direction of Mr. T. H. Easterfield, M.A, to whom all communicationsshould be addressed at the University Chemical Laboratory, Cambridge.

UNIVERSITY OF DURHAM.FACULTY OF MEDICINE.-At the Convocation held on Saturday, April

29th, 1893, the following gentlemen have been recommended for the!degree of Doctor in Medicine for practitioners of flfteen years' standing,namely:G. R. Cundell, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.: J. T. Jones, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.; A. H.

Laver, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.; J. E. Norman, M.R.C.S.Eng.; A. H.Twining, M.R.C.S., L.S.A.; G. H. Wilkins, M.R.C.S., L R.C.P.,L.S.A.

And the following gentlemen have been recommended for the degree ofM.D., namely:

J. B. Close, M.B.Durh., M.R.C S., L.R.C.P., L.S.A.; A. J. Gardner,M.B.Durh., M.R.C.S.Eng., L.R.C.P Ed.; W. J. Hadley, M.B.Durh.,F.R.C.S.Eng.; A. H. Hart, M.B.,..M 8.Durh., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P,LS.A.; J. A. Hutton, M.B., B.S., LS.Sc.Durh., M.R.C.S., L R.C.P.-W. E. Peacock, M.B., B.S.Durh.; H. B. W. Plummer, M.B.Durh.U.R.C.S.Eng.; C. W. E. Toller, M B. Durh., M.R C.S., LR.C.P.; JWatson, M.B.Durh., F.R.C.S.Ed, L.R.C. P.Lond., D.P.H.Camb.

And the' following gentlemen have been recommended for the degreeof Bachelor in Medicine (M.B.), namely:Honours-Second Class.-B. H. Morris, College of Medicine, Newcastle-

upon-Tyne; H. Huskinson, St. Thomas's Hospital.Pass List.-G. H. V. Appleby, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon.

Tyne; J. Braithwaite, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne;.F. H. Browne, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; W. H. D.-P. d'Esterre, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St. Mary's Hospital; W. T. B. Don-nelly, M.R.C.S., LR.C.P., L.S.A., Guy's Hospital; W. A- Dow,M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St. Bartholomew's Hospital; W. F. Fisher, Lon-don Hospital ; H. Francis, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St. Mary's Hospital;E. France, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; F. W.Fullerton, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., St. Thomas's Hospital; H. E. Gam.len, College of Medicine, Newcastle upon-Tyne; W. E. Gibbs, Col-lege of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; W. E. Harker, College ofMedicine, Newcastle upon Tyne; T. Hartigan, Medical School,Catholic University, Dublin; A. S. Hedley, College of Medicine,Newcastle-upon-Tyne; W. W. Hodgins, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., Univer-sity College, -London; J. H. Hunter, College of Medicine, New-castle-upon-Tyne; D. N. Jackson, College of Medicine, Newcastle.

986 . 1 UNIVYRSLTIES AND COLLEGES. [MAY 6, 19&upon-Tyne; R. N. LithmaO, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-tyao; H. V. Llbyd&Will4ams, College of Medicine, Neweastl-upon-Tyne; N. Magoris, College of Medieite, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; H.J. Mathew-s, L.R.G.S., L P.C.P.I., College of Surgeons, Ireland: 0.W. Ogden College ef Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; E. V. Pea-cock, (3oflege of M.odicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; A. W. Port.MR.. C.5., L.R.(G,P, St. Bartholomew's Hospital; E. Race, College ofMedicine, Newcastle-uponmTene; F. Robson, College of Medicine,Newcstle-upoa-Tyne; N. F. Rowstron, St. Bartholomew's Hos-pHtal;H. Smu.thwaite, College of Medicine. Ncwcastle-upon-Tyne;. B. tphenen, Middlese'x Hospital,; A. E. Thompson, College of

*Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; T. C, Visser, College of Medicine,Newcastle-upon-Tyne; C. N. C. Walch, M.R.C.S., L.R C.P., St. Bar-tholomew's Hospital.

And- the following getlemen haave -been recomuaended7for'the degree ofRB.eWer in Surgery (B.S,), namely.

G. H. V. Appleby, College of Mecicine, Neweastle-upon-Tyne - J. Braith-waite, College ao Medibine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; F. H. Browne,Colege of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: W. H. D. P. d'Esterre,M.R.O.S., L.R.CJP., 8t. Mary's Hospital; W. T. B. Donnelly, M.R.C.S.,L.&C.P., L .S.A. f*uy's Hospital: W. A. Dow, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,St. Bartholomewes Hospital; W. FP. Fisher, London Hospital; E.France, Colege of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; H, Francis,z4.R.C.S., L.B.O.P., St. Mary's Hospital; F. W. Fullerton, M.R.C.S.,L.R.C.P., St. Thomas's Hospital; H. E. Gamlen, College of Medi-cite, Newcastle-upon-Tyne: W. E, Gibbs, College of Medicine, New-oastie-upon-Tyne; Y. S. Hall, M.B.Durh., College of Medicine,NeweAtle-upon-Tyne; W. E. Harker, College of Mediclne. New-cas8tl-upon-Tyn.e; T. Hartaigan, Mediceal School, Catholic Univer-sity, Dublin- A. &. edley, College od Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; W. *. Hodglint MR.C.S., L.R.C.P., University College,London; J. R. Hutite, )Mllege of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne;D. N. Jacks , College of Medietne, Neweastle-upon-Tyne; R. N.Lishman,C.e of Medicine, Newoastle-upon-Tyne; R. V. Lloyd-Williams, Colleg of Medicine. Newcastle-upon-T,yne; N. Magoris,College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; B. H. Morris, Collegeof Medicine, Nowcatle-upon-Tyne; 0. W. Ogden, College of Medicle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; A. W. Port, M.RCC., LrCR.C.P.. St.Bartholomew's Hokpital; E. Race, College of Medicine, Newcastle-uPon-Tyne; F. Robson, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne;If. Snurthwaite, College of Medicine, Newcastle-upon-Tyne; J. B.Stephenaon, l!ddlesexc Hospital; T. C. Visser, College of Medicine,Neacastle-upon-Tyne.

UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH.MR. GEORGE R. Iv'1wGsToN has passed the First Division (Anatomy andPhysiology) of the Second Professional Examination for the degrees ofMti. and C.M. His name was oinitted from the list formerly publishedin the BaRTrIe MEDICAL IOURNAL.

ROYAL COLLEG9 OP FIYSICIANS OF LONDON.AT an ordinary iueeting of the Comitia on April 27th, the follow-ing gentlemen, having bonfeumed to the by-laws and regulations, andpassed the required exanfinations, were admitted Licentfates of theCollege, namely:Adams, E. L., Guy's. Evans, A, V., St. George's.AsbhlS, H., University College. Evans C, H., Cambridge and St.Baker, W. E., St. Geoxges :and Bartholomewy'sLondon. Evans, J. M., Glasgow and London.

Barrett, W. g., Charing Ctoss. Fielder, F. J., King's College.'Beedies, H. B., University College. *Fletcher, F. J., Birmingham.Beazeley, T. W., Birminghant. Pletcher, J. H, Manchester.Beddot, D. M.. Guy's. Fox, G. A. T., St. Bartholomew's.*Bedford. R. T., Guy's. G-eorge, I., King's College.Belben, F., Cambridge 4LndSt. Bar- Gossage, W. H., Westminster.tholomenw's. Hadwen, W. R., Rristol and St. Bar-

Beresford, E. H., Uhniversily ollege tholomew's.and Bristol. Hann, R. T., Leeds.

Bernard, R. S., Kinu's Colle#e. *Harman. A. B., King's College.Bingley, E. H., St. Mary's, Harris, W. J., Cambridge and Guy's.Bond, B. W., St. Thomas's. Hazell, F., Guy's.Bowtell, H. R., Charing Cross. Hill, L. G., London.Brind, H. H., St. Mary's. ollolick. 3. 0., Birmingham andBroadbent, W., Cam*.ridge and St. Durham,

Mary's. Holt, G. F., St. Bartholomew's.Brown, ]., Charing Cross. Horrocks, J. B., Manchester.Budden, T. F., Castbridgeanda Jiji- Houghton, N. J., Birmingham andversity College. Middlesex.

Butemeht, W. Otago aad London. Hull, H. W., London.ByJee, J. B., University College, Jackson, T. S., Guy's.Cardell, E. S., St. BartholomeWs. Jenkins, J. D., London.CGillote, R. R., University Coll. Johnson, W. J., Guy's.vhilton, R. K., Bristol. Jones, C. L., London,Cletnesha, J. C., McGill. Jones. B. M., King's College.Coad S. A., Leeds and St..Mary's. Keevil, G. N. Middlesex.Conder, A.:E*, London'. Kennedy, A. i., London.Cooper, B, St. George's. Kennedy, J.,, London.Cooper, H., Guy's. Kevert, G. T., Bristol.Copland, G. A., Ctago and London. Kllroy, L., Manchester and King'scox WMN., Birmingha. College.C3raword, C. H. HW, St. Bartbolo- -Knox, B.. Edinburgh.idews. Kyffin, J., London.

Crowley. R. M, St. Bartholomew's. Lapthorn, C. A., Middlesex.Curtis, 0. W., Middlesex. Layer, P. G., St. Thomas's.D&vles, A. D., LondonA. Lawson. B. P., Manchester.D'Isterr, J. N. St. Mary's. Little, E. G(G., St. George's.Dowler, If. M., iVestminster. Lord, S. T., Manchester.E 3cles, H. D., Guy's Luce, R. H., Cambridge and Guy's.)m;den W. A.., King's CoIllege. Martyn, G.. King's College.EllioRt, G., Un'iversity College. Master, A. E@,Cambridge and Lond.

Maurice, 0. C., S; May's. Steinthai W M xanaester.Milner C. W., Msnoestdr. Stirk, P, i, lUnIversity Collee.Moffati, C. E., Guy's. Streatfeild, T., Univextsity College.Morgan, E, J., St. Mary's. Button, E., London.Newnham-Davis, X, S. Mary's. Sweetnam S W St. Mary's.Norris, G. H., St. Bartholomew's. Tarachand, N. i.. Bombay end Mid-Nourse, S. C. M., St. George's. dlesexPadmore, G., St. George's. Taylor, D. C. P ChaTIrg CtossPatch, H. H. L, St. Thomas's. Thomson, H, C., Middlesex.Pershouse, F., St. Thomas's. Tibbits, H., Edinburgh andSLM.ary'sPhillips, J. E. H., Charing Cross. Todd-White, A. T., Guy'sPiper, F. P., St. Mary's. Turner, W., King'g CollegePort, A. W., St. Bartholomew's and Underwood. A. C.. St. Bartholo-Durham. mew's and Durham.

Pullen, R. S. MaoD., St. Bartholo- *Vorah, B. P., Bombay.mew's. Walter, E. C., St. ThOmas's.

Ransford, J. B., Bristol. Walton, H. J., St. BartholoMew's.Rentzsch, S. H., King's College. Wanklvn, W. MpC., Cambrildge andRoberts, H. C.. University College. Middlesex.Robertson, G. W., London and Edin. Ward, C. F. M,, Canlrridge afld Bir-burgh. mingham.

Robin, V. J., Adelaide and King's Weekes, H. H., University College.College. White, W. T., Charing Cross.

Robinson, H. J, Cambridge and Williams, J. O., Guy'sManchester. Williams, M. J., Unlversity College.

Rogers, E A., King's College. Winston, W. B., Cambridge and St.Sargant, W. E., St. Bartholomew's. Thomas's.Schofield, S. B., University College. Wood, H. U., St. Bartholomew's.Sequeira, W. S. H., London. Wood, J., King's College,*Simons, R. J. R. U., Bristol and Woods, H. H., Charing Cross.Guy's. Worth, C. A., St. Bartholomew's.

Sloane, J. S., St. Bartholomew's. Young, C. A., Cambridge and St.Soden, W. N., St Bartholornew's. Bartholoinew's.* Candidates who have not presented themselves under the regulations of

the Examining Board.

PUBLIC HEALTHAND

POOR-LAW MEDICAL SERVICE&ENGLISH URtBAN M.ORTALITY IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 1893.THE vital and mortal statistics of the thirty-three large English townsdealt with by the Registrar-General in his weelkly returns are summarisedin the accompanying table. During the three inonths ending March last85,361 births were registered in these thirty-three towns, equal to anannual rate of 33.2 per 1,000 of their aggregate population, estimated atupwards of ten and a quarter millions of persons in the middle of thisyear. In the corresponding period of 1892 the birth-rate in these townsaveraged 31.6 per 1,000. In London the birth-rate last quarter was equalto 32.7 per 1,000, while it averaged 33.5 in the thirty-two provincial towns,and ranged from 23.8 in Halifax, 24.6 in Huddersfield, and 26.6 in Croydonto 36 5 in Wolverhampton and in Sunderland, 37.2 in Ca-diff, 39.0 in WestHam, and 39.3 in Gateshead.During the quarter under notice 56,596 deaths were registered in the

thirty-three large English towns which corresponded to an annual rateof 22.0 per 1,000, against 25.8 in the flrst quarter of 1892. In London therate of mortality was equal to 22,1 per 1,000, while it averaged 21.9 in thethirty-two provincial towns, among which the death-rate ranged from18.2 in Derby 18 3 in Huddersfield, 18.5 in Swansea, and 18.9 in West Hamto 24.3 in LeeAs, 25.8 in Liverpool, 26.0 in Manchesater, and 26.4 in Bolton.The 56,596 deaths registered In the thirty-three towils last quarter in-

cluded 5,141 which were referred to the principal zymotic diseases, equalto an annual rate of 2.0 per 1,000; in London the zymotic death-rate was2.0 per 1,000, and corresponded with the mean rate in thle thirty-two pro-vincial towns, among which it ranged from 0.7 in Wolverhampton. 0.9 inHuddersfield, 1.0 in Swansea, and 1.1in Blackburn to 2.7 in Manchester, 2.8in Plymouth and in Salford, 2.9 in Preston, 3.1 in Cardiff, and 6.5 inBolton. The 6,141 deaths referred to the principal zymotic diseases in-cluded 1,243 which resulted from measles, 1,235 from whooping-cough,930 from diphtheria, 672 from scarlet fever, 543 fromn diarrhma, 365 from"fever" (principally enteric), and 153 from srnall-pox. The 1,243 fatalcases of measles recorded during the quarter under notice iit the thirty-three towns were equal to an annual rate of 0.48 per 1,000' in London therate of mortality from this disease was equal to 0.30, while it averaged0.62 per 1,000 in the thirty-two provincial towns, among which measlesshowed the highest proportional fatalityo in Portsmouth, Plymouth,Cardiff, Preston, Leeds, Hull, and Newcastle-upon-Tyne- The 1,235 deathsreferred to whoonpigcough were equial to an annual rate of 0.48 per1,000 ; In London the rate of mortality from this disease was equal to 0.49per 1,000, which almost corresponded with the wean rate in the thirty-two provincial towns, among which whooping-cough was proportionallymost fatal in Birmingham, Norwich, Leicester, aallord, and Preston. The930 fatal cases of diphtheria were equal to an annual rate of 0.36 per1,000; in London the diphtheria death-rate was as high as 0M0O per 1,000,while it averaged only 0.19 in the thirty-two provincial towns, amongwhich it was highest in West Hlam. Croydon, Mtanchester, Salford, andHalifax. The 672 deaths referred to scarlet fever were eq'aal to anannual rate of .0.26 per 1,000; in London the death-rate from this diseasewas equal to 0.31 per 1,000, while itaveragedo.22inthethirty-two provincialtowns, among whi¢h scarlet fever showed thehighest proportional fatalityIn West Ham, Plymouth, Swansea, and Preston. The 543 fatal eases ofdiarrhoea were equal to an annual rate of 0.22 per 1,000; this disease wasproportionally most fatal in Bristol,. Nottingham, Manchester, Burnley.and Blackburn. The 365 deaths referred to different forms of "fever"(including typhus, enteri0. and simple and ill-defined formTs offever)were equal to an annual rate of 0.14 par 1,000; in London the "fever"

9a8 T= BS I MEDICAL NEWS. LMAY 6, 1893.KMIEC" JOUILNAI,

diseases (equal to an annual rate of 1.8 per 1,000), of which 4 resultedfrom enteric fever, 3 from whooping-cough, 2 from measles, 2 from diar-rhaoa, and 1 from diphtheria.

PORT S.XNITARY AUTHORIT[ES AND CHOLERA.A DEPUTATION of the delegates of the various port sanitary authorities ofthe United Kingdom waited at the House of Commons, on April 28th,upon the Chancellor of the Exchequer, who was accompanied by SirWalter Foster, to urge that the Government should bear some portion ofthe increased cost which special regulations against cholera imposedupon the ports of the United Kingdom. The Chancellor of the Exchequersaid this was an absolutely new demand In principle, and so far as heknew there was nothing approaching a precedent for it in this country.He was asked to create, practically speaking. a new tax-a new chargeupon the public revenue. The principle was just as good for the inlandtowns as it was for the ports, and if It was applied at all, there was noInland town or port in the kingdom which would not make a similardemand upon the public purse. The foreign trade was the foundation ofthe prosperity of the ports, and they were expected to take special pre-cautions for a few weeks, or for a certain limited period, against therisks to which the trade was exposed. He did not think anyone couldform any conception of the amount of public charge which would be in-volved in the admission of such a principle. He would be glad to do allhe could to induce the Admiralty to place hulks at the dispcsal of portsanitary authorities as cholera hospitals. The Customs authorities hadalready given the port sanitary authorities much assistance, and wheresuch help could be given he would be glad to encourage it. Mr. Mildmay,M.P., said the port of Dartford had to pay £1,000 for a hulk to be used asa cholera hospital, and they had to levy a rate of 9d. in the pound for thepurpose. The deputation thanked the right hon. gentleman for theinterview.

MEDICO-PARLIAMENTARY.HOUSE OF COMMONS.-Thur8day, April 27th.

Vaccination Pro8ecutions. -Mr. PICTON asked the Home Secretary ques-tions as to the prosecution of William Chittenden, of South AshfordKent, under the Vaccination Acts. -Mr. ASQUITH said: Between 1886 andthe present date Chittenden has been fined eleven times for his refusal tohave his two children vaccinated, and the total amount of the fines andcosts for which he has so become liable has been nearly £16. I regretthese repeated prosecutions for the same offence, but I should be repeal-ing the law if I were to remit the penalty. I shall introduce the Bill ofwhich I have given notice as soon as I am able.Police Burghs, Scotland.-Dr. FARQUHARSON asked the Lord Advocate

whether it was in accordance with the law that county councils shouldassess police burghs for salaries and other expenses of their medicalofficer and sanitary inspector.-The LORV ADVOCATE said he agreed withthe answer given by his predecessor to a similar question on May 4th,1891. Those salaries and expenses were paid out of the general purposerate, to which the police burghs contributed their share. The burghswere, In his view, entitled to the supervisory services of the county offlcersequally with the rural districts.

Thursday, May th.PAY OF THE ARmY MEDICAL STAFF.

Dr. MAcGREGOR asked the Under-Secretary of State for India if hewould lay before the House a despatch signed by General Wilson. thenMilitary Member of the Council of the Governor General of India, sentto the Secretary of State for India about the year 1880 or 1881, recommend-ing the grant of Staff allowance for medical officers in charge of hospitalsof Her Majesty's troops in India, with the reply thereto of the Secretaryof State for India; and also the memorials of the Brigade-Surgeons inIndia to the Secretary.of State for India in 1886, asking to have extra paygiven on account of the onerous duties they had to perform, with theeply of the Secretary of State thereto.-Mr. G. W. RUSSELL: The questionof thepaof f the Medical Staff is under the consideration of the Secretaryof State, and I cannot make any promise as to laying the correspondenceon the table until it is complete.

MEDICAL NEWS,AN Ophthalmological Society has been founded in Berlin.DR. HAYES has been elected without opposition coroner for

the West Kerry district.MR. HuMuPREY JOHN BROOMFIELD has been elected a mem-

ber of the Council of the Royal College of Surgeons in Irelandin the room of the late Professor Rawdon Macnamara.DoNATIONS.-It was the Grocers' and not the Goldsmiths'

Company which contributed £5,000 to the Fourth Quinquen-nial Maintenance Fund at the London Hospital.CHOLERA is declared to have completely disappeared from

Lorient, but several deaths from the disease occurred in theDepartment of Morbihan last week.THE annual dinner of old students of King's College will

be held at the Holborn Restaurant on Monday, May 15th.Mr. W. H. Preece, F.R.S., will take the chair.A NEW Pharmacological Institute in the University of

Munich was formally opened on April 22nd. The institute isunder the direction of Professor Tappeiner.

AT the last Quarterly Court of the Radcliffe Infirmary,Oxford, it was resolved that in future the resident officers ofthe institution need not be members of the Church ofEngland. The motion was proposed by the Rev. C. J. H.Fletcher, the rector of the City Church, seconded by theMaster of University (a son of Dr. Bright), and carried by17 votes to 9.A STAMPED-9 FROM SPIRITS.-The Chancellor of the Ex-

chequer, in his speech introducing the Budget, after alludingto the " rush to alcohol " which characterised Mr. Goschen'slast budget, said they had now to record a " stampede fromalcohol." The decrease in the amount of Customs and Exciseduties on spirits realised during the past year, had been noless than £772,000. Whether this fal ing off in the revenuearose from bad trade time will reveal, but all persons whoare interested in the welfare of the people must gladly haileven a temporary diminution in the quantity of spirits con-sumed.DEATHS IN THE PROFESSION ABROAD.-Among the members

of the medical profession in foreign countries who haverecently died are Dr. Jos6 Severino de Avellar e Lemos, phy-sician to the public hospital of Nitheroy and a prominentmember of the profession in Brazil; Dr. Alexander Kosloff,Emeritus Professor of Midwifery and Gynaecology in theUniversity of Kasan, aged 76; Dr. Robert Vwiter, Ritter vonArtens, Emeritus Lecturer in the University of Prague, aged63; Dr. Henry M. Harlow, for thirty years Medical Superin-tendent of the Maine (U. S.) Insane Hospital, aged 72; Dr.P. P. Gilmartin, some time Professor of Pathology in theDetroit Medical College and surgeon to St. Mary's Hospitalin that city, aged 54; Dr. Mariotte, physician to the Parishospitals and a member of the French Academy of Medicine;Dr. Giberga, of Matanzas, a well-known practitioner in Cuba,and a recognised authority on the treatment and prophylaxisof yellow fever, typhoid fever, and cholera, aged 67; ProfessorAretlios, of the University of Athens; Dr. Charles de Villiers,a member of the French Academy of Medicine, aged 80; Dr.Robert Hartmann, Professor of Anatomy in the University ofBerlin and First Prosector in the Berlin Anatomical Institute,aged 61; Dr. Martino Mariani, Director of the Milan Pro-vincial Lunatic Asylum, and a distinguished specialist inmental diseases; Dr. Antonio Lago, an Italian physician inthe service of the Ottoman Government, who took a leadingpart in the organisation of the quarantine service in Turkey;and Dr. Danet of Paris, physician to the Bonaparte family,who in 1871 by his courage and presence of mind saved thePalais du Luxembourg from pillage and the flames.AMERICAN JOTTINGS.-The Annual Report of the New York

Physicians' Mutual Aid Association for 1892 shows that thenumber of members " in good standing " at the close of lastyear was 1,143, being a net increase of nearly 13 per cent.during the year. . The Association has been twenty-fouryears in existence. The amount paid on each death is 1,000dollars (£200).-It appears to be the custom in the Rush Me-dical College, Chicago, for one of the professors to give a fewlectures on medical ethics. The lectures take the form of a,running commentary on the "Code," every point on it beingtaken up and fully discussed. From the Corpuscle, which isthe organ of the students of the Rush Medical College, we-gather that these lectures are highly appreciated by those forwhose instruction they are intended. Criminal abortion ap-pears to be largely on the increase in New York. The recordsof deaths in the Bureau of Vital Statistics show that fronm1870 to 1892 inclusive the number of deaths in that city regis-tered as due to criminal abortion was 35, the highest numberin any one year being 5, and several years having passed with-out a single death. In the present year, however, 6 occurred,between January 18th and February 13th. If this rate ismaintained throughout the rest of the year, the deaths fromcriminal abortion in 1893 will far exceed the total number fornearly a quarter of a century. As it is estimated that only,one case of criminal abortion in 1,000 ever comes to light,this enormous increase in the death-rate from that cause mayfairly be taken as indicating a proportionate increase in thefrequency of the crime. The Deputy Coroner has expressedthe opinion that this state of things is due to recently policeaction as to prostitution; and Dr. Cyrus Edson, the newCommissioner of Health, agrees with him.

4 6, 1i8 -,,,,DIARY, if UBSLJoUIT= 989

** .MEDICAL.VACANCIES,The following vacancies are announced:

BIRMINGHAM GENERATo liPFJZ RY Birmingham.-Resident Sur-geon for the Highgate ah,doubo qualified. Salary, £150 perannum with allowance for cab hire andfurnished rooms, fire lights,and ai6ndaboe Aphications to Alex. Forrest, Secretary, bD May17th.

BRISTOL GENERAL HOSPITAL.-House-Surgeon: doubly qualified.Salary, £120 per annum, with board, residence, etc. Applieations tothe Secretary before May 15th.

CITY OF SHEFPIELD.-Assistant Resident Medical Officer for the CityHospitals for Infectious Diseases. Salary, 8120 per annum, withboard, lodging, and attendance. Applications, endorsed ' AssistaDtMedical Officer," to J. W. Pye-Smith, town Clerk's Office, Sheffield, byMay 13th.

GENEHAL HOSPITAL, Nottingham.-Assistant House-Physician. Board,lodging, and washing provided. Applications to the Becretary byMay Ath.

HALIFAX INFIRMARY AND DISPENSARY.-Assistant House-Surgeon;unmarried; doubly qualified. Salary, 50 per annum, with residence,board, and washing. Applications to 0. Webster, Secretary, byMay 17th.

HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN. Great Ormiond Street, W.C.-Ho se-Surgeon; unmarried. Appointment for six months. Salary, £o0,with board and residence in the hospital. Applications to theSecretary by May 16th.

HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHILDREN, Great Ormond Street, Bloomsbury,W.C,-Medical Registrar and Pathologist. Appointment for one year.Honorarium, 50 guineas. House-Physician, unmarried. Appoint-ment for six months. Salary, £20, with board and residence. Appli-cations to the Secretary by May 9th.

LONDON HOSPITAL, Whitechapel Road, E.-Medial Registrar. Salary,£o100 per annum. Applications to the House Governor by May 6th.

MANCHESTER HOSPiTAL FOR CONSUMPTION AND DISEASES OFTHE CHEST AND THROAT, Bowdon, Cheshire.-Resident MedicalOfficer. Salary, £80 per annum, with board, apartments, and washing.Applications to C. W. Hunt, Secretary, by May 18th.

MONAGHAN UNION, Castle Shane Dtspensary.-Medical Officer. Salary,£125 per annum, exclusive of registration and vaccination fees. Ap-plications to Mr. Mark Clarke, Honorary Secretary. Election onMay 12tb.

NATIONAL DENTAL HOSPiTAL, Great Poriland Street, W.-AssistantDental Surgeon; Anesthetist. Applications to the Secretary byMay 15th.

PARISH OF GLENELG.-Medical Officer for the Northern Division.Salary. 295 per annuwn, with free house and garden. Applications toD. McLure, inspector of Poor, Glenelg.

ROYAL FREE HOSPITALr, Gray's Jnn Road.-Junior Resident MedicalOfficer. Board and residence provided. Appointment for six months.Applications to the Secretary by May 15th.

ROYAL ORTHOP.E DIC HOSPITAL, :297, Oxford Street, W.-ResidentHouse-Surgeon and Apothecary; must be M.R.C.S.Eng. and LKR.C.P.;unmarried. Applications to the Secretary by May 8th.

ST. BARTHOLOtMEW'S HOSPITAL.-Assistant Physician. Applicationsto William Henry Cross, Clerk, by May 9th.

YORK LUNATIC ASYLUM, Bootham, York.-Assistant Resident MedicalOfficer. Salary. aloo per annum, with board, washing, and attendance.Applications addresead to "Committee," under cover to R. D. Horne,Secretary, by May 1Oth.

MEDICAL APPOINTMENTS.A RMSTRONG, George, M.B.,Ch.B.Melb.. appointedMedical Superintendent

to the Sydney Hospital, New South Wales.BAILEY, Thomas Ridley, M.D.Edin., reappointed Medical Officerof Health

for Bilston,BARRETT, Richard, M.D.Q.U.I., LR. C.S.Edin., appointed Medical Officer

for the Workhouse of the Macroom Union, vice Warren Crooke,M&.D. Glas,, resigned.

BETENSON, William B., M.R.C.S.Eng.. L.R.C.P.Lond., appointed MedicalOfficer for the 7th District of the Depwade Union.

BOTrOMLEY, W. B. B A Ph.D., F.L.S., appointed Professor of Botany toKing's College, London, vice Professor J. W. Groves, resigned.

BURLAND, John Allen, L.R.C.P., LR.C.S.I., appointed Medical Officer forthe Prees District of the Wem Union.

BuTT, Francis John, M.B., C.M.Edin., appointed Medical Officer for theNorth-West District of the Chester Union.

CLEAVER, William Fidler, LR.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S., appointed MedicalOfficer of Health to the Phillack Urban Sanitary District, vice J.Mudge,M.R.C.S.Eng.

CROFT, Edward Octavius, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., appointed HonoraryDemonstrator in Midwifery to the Medical Department of the York-shire College, Leeds.

CURRAN, John J.. LR.C.P.Edin., L.R.C.S.L, appointed Certifying FactorySurgeon for Killeagh, co. Cork.

DONALD, J., M.R.C.S., appointed Medical Officer for the Kingston Work-house.

DRAPER, Thomas W.,'L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed MedicalOfficer for the Wiggenhall District of the Downham Union.

DUFFIN, A. B., M.D., F.R.C.P., appointed Joint Professor of SystematicMedicine to King's College, London, in conjunction with ProfessorLionel Beale, F.l.S.

ELLIS, ydney, M R.C.S.. LS.A., appointed Medical Officer for the 3rdand 6th Districts, and Public Vaccinator for the 3rd and 5th Districtsof the Alderbury Union, vice J. H. Gordon, M.D., deceased.

FYFFE, W. Kington, M.B.Camb., M.R.C.P.t1ond., appointed Pathologistto the City of London Hospital for Diseas oLUthe Ohest, VictoriaPark.

GRIGoR, Macadam, L.R.C.P,, L,.R.C.&.TEdin., appoinWt6d.edical Officerfor the 2nid Battersea District of the Wandsworth' and ClaphamUnion.

HEATHER, Lewis D., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., appointed House-Surgeon toKing'w College-Hospital.

KuNz, Hugo De Dreuux, M.A., M.B.Edin., appointed Medical Officer to theElgin Lodge of Oddfellows, vice E. A. Miner, M.B., C.M.Glasg.

LAWSON, T. C., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed Medical Officer for the 4thDistrict of the St. Albans Union.

LOWE. C. E. M., M.B.Vict., appointed Junior House-Surgeon to the RoyalAlbert Edward Inflrmary, Wigan.

LYNASS, James, M.B., B.Ch.R.U.I., appointed Resident Medical Officerof the Belfast Union Infirmary, vice R. J. Mann, M.B., resigned.

MAcDoNALD Greville M.D., appointed Assistant Physician to King'sCollege Vospital, with special charge of Throat Department.

METCALFE, George Herbert, L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointedMedical Officer for the 4th District of the Sudbury Union.

MOONEY, Herbert C., LR.C.P., L.M., L.R.C.S.I., appointed ResidentMedical Officer to the National Eye and Ear Infirmary, Dublin.

MUNRO, J. Douglas, M.B., C.M.Edin., appointed Senior House Surgeonto the Royal Albert Edward Infirmary, Wigan, vice Weldon C. Carter,M.D., LR.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S., resigned.

MURDOCE, Mary C., L.R.C.P., LR.C.S.Edin., L.F.P.&S.Glasg. appointedHouse-Surgeon to the Victoria Hospital for Children, Hull.

NORMAN. Dalton, M.D., appointed Professor of Pathological Anatomy atKing's College, London, vice Professor Duffin, M.D.

O'DRiscoLL, Michael, L.R.C.P., LR.C.SJ., appointed Medical Officerfor the Goleen Dispensary District, vice Michael English, L.R.C.P.L.R.C.S.Eng.

PEARCE, William Henry, M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed Medical Superintendentof the Poplar and Stepney District Sick Asylum.

PETTIT, W. B., L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S., appointed House-Surgeon to theWorcester Infirmary.

PHILLIPS, Charles M.. L.R.C.P.Lond., M.R.C.S.. appointed ResidentMedical Officer to the St. Pancras and Northern Dispensary.

RIDING, E., M.R.C.S.Eng., appointed Medical Offcer for the EtwallDistrict of the Burton-upon-Trent Union.

RODWELL, Edward Manby, M.R.C.S.EDg., L.S.A., appointed MedicalOfficer for the 2nd District and of the Workhouse of the Loddonand Clavering Union.

RUSSELL, John R., M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.,app3inted House-Surgeon to King'sCollege Hospital.

SELBY, T. J., M.B.Durh., L.R.C.P., L.M., .R.C.S.Edin-IL.F.P.S.Glasi.appotnted Deputy Medical Officer to the Runcorn Union Workhouse,vice Dr. Weaver, resigned.

SHARP, H. C., B.A, M.B., B.C.Cantab., appointed Resident Obstetric Sur-geon to Guy's Hospital.

SMITH. T. Waddelow, LS.A., appointed Physician Accoucheur's Assistantto King's College Hospital.

SMITH, W. R., M.B., appointed House-Surgeon to King's College Hospital.STAMFORD, Dr. W. B., appointed Second Assistant Medical Officer at the

lnflrmary of the Shoreditch Union.STEVENS, W. M., M.D Lond., M.R.C.S., appointed Medical Tutor at the

Bristol Medical School.TURNER, William, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., appointed Assistant House-Phi-

sician to King's College Hospital.WADE, M. A., L.R.C. P., L. Mf., L R.C.S.I., appointed Medical Officer to the

Collingwood Dock Bridewell, Liverpool.WARNER, Thomiias, M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P., appointed Pbysiclan's Assistant to

King's College Hospital.WEBSTER, Percy L., L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., L.D.S., appointed Dental Surgeon

to the Metropolitan Hospital.WEITE, W. Hale, M.D., appointed Examiner in Materia Medica to the

University of London.WHITEHOUSE, John, F.R.C.S.Eng., appointed Honorary Surgeon to the

Sunderland Infirmary, vice E. A. Mialing, bf.ILC.S., J.P., resigned.WILLIAMS, William Edwin, F.R.C.S.Edin., reappointed Medical Officer of

Health for the Abertillery Urban Sanitary District.WOOD, W. D., L.R.C.P., L.R.C.S.Edin., reappointed Medical Officer of

Health for the Caversham Urban Sanitary District of the HenleyUnion.

DIARY FOR NEXT WEEK.

MONDAY.LONDON POST GRADUATE COURsE, Royal London Ophthalmic Fospital,

Moorfields, 1 P.m1.-Mr. W. Lang: Lachrynial Affections.Parkes Museum, 74A, Margaret Street, W., 3.30 P.M.-Dr. L.C. Parkes: Disposal of Refuse. 101, Great Russell Street,W.C., 8 P.m.-Dr. Galloway: Morbid Conditions of theHeart.

TVESDAY,LONDON POST GRADUATE Cou'iss, Bethlem Royal Hospital, 2 P.M.-Dr.

Perc7 Smith: Hvpochondriasis. Hospital for Diseases oftne Skin, BlacKiriars, 4 P. M.-Mr. Jonathan Hutchinson:Eczema and its Allies. 101, Great Russell Etleet, W.C..8 P.M. -Dr. Hermnan: Face Presentations.

-T71 - if--. ..j r I- -M"7rmm.' 7-r-fT-j :'] T, .-. I 1,

I

990 KXW'¶!JOUDNA] LETTERS, NOTES, ETC. [MAY 6, 1893

ROYAL MEDICAL AND CHIRURIGICAL SOCIETY, 8.30 P.m.-Dr. ClementDukes: The Immediate Effects of Excessive MuscularExertion. Mr. Alban Doran: Lare Cystic Myoma ofUterus of over Twelve Years' Duration removed by Enu-cleation; Recovery; with Notes on Cystic "Fibroids."

WEDNESDAY,LONDON POST GRADUATE COURSE, Hospital for Consumption, Brompton

4 P.M-Dr. c. T. Williams: Cases of Heart Disease. RoyalL,ondon Ophthalmic Hospital, Moorfields, 8 P.M.-Mr. A.Stanford Morton: Retinal Affections.

LARYNGOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF LONDON, 20. Hanover Square, W., 5 P.M.-Clinical Meeting. Cases, specimens, photographs, etc.,will be exhibited.

THIJRSDAY.LONDON POST GRADUATE COURSE, Hospital for the Paralysed and Epi-

leptic, Queen Square, 2 P.M. - Dr. Beevor: LocomotorAtaxy. Hospital for Sick Children, Great Ormond Street,4 P.m.-Mr. Edmund Owen: Club Foot. Central LondonSick Asylum, Cleveland Street. 5.30 P M.-Mr. John Hop-kins :Clinical Lecture. London Throat Hospital, 204, GreatPortland Street, 8 P.M. -Dr. Edward Law: Examination ofthe Throat and Nose.

NEUROLOGICAL SoCIETY OF LoNDON, Physiological Laboratory. Uni-versity College, 8 30 P.M.-Dr. W. Hale White: Some Effectsof Removal of the "Am Area" of the Cortex. Dr. Sher-rington: Skin Fields of the Upper Sensory Roots. Pro-fessor Horsley and Dr. Kramer: An Experimental Investi-gation of the Effects of Gunshot Wounds of the Brain. Dr.Risien Russell: The Results of Cerebellar Lesions in Dogs.Mr. R. Boyce: Ablation of the Cerebral Hemispheres inMammals. Dr. Brunton and Dr. Carruthers: Experimentsin Elucidation of the Pathology of Treadlers' Cramp.

BRITISH GYNA:COLOG1C&L SOCIETY, 8.30 P.M.-Specimens will be shown bythe President and Mr. Reeves. Dr. Macnaughton Jones:Uterine Reflexes, Distant Lesions, and Remote Symptomsdue to Uterine Irritation.

FRIDAY.LONDON POST GRADUATE COURSE, Bacteriological Laboratory, King's

College, 11 A.m.-Professor Crookshank: Lecture-Cul-tivation of Bacteria. Practical Work- Cultivations Hos-pital for Consumption, Brompton, 4 P.M.-Dr. C. T. Wil-liams: The Prognosis of Phthisis.

CLINICAL SOCIrTY OF LONDON, 8.30 P.M.-Mr. W. Bruce Clarke: A Caseof Excision of the Cuecum in which the Two Ends of theDivided Bowel were Successfully United by a ContinuousSilk Suture. Mr. R. Nairn: A Case of Intestinal Obstruc-tion due to Impaction of a Gall Stone in the Jejunum. Dr.Alexander Morison: A Case of Pulmonary Abscess dis-charging through the Right Lung and communicatingwith the Posterior Mediastinum. Dr. Newton Pitt: A Caseof Pseudo-bulbar Paralysis probably due to a Lesion ineach Cerebral Hemisphere.

SATURDAY.LONDON POST GRADUATE COURSE. Bethlemv.Royal Hospital, 11 Am.-Dr.

H. Corner: Melancholia.

BIRTHS, MARRIAGES, AND DEATHS.The charge Jor inserting announcements of Births, Marriages, and Deaths i

Ss. 6d., which sum should be forwarded in post-office orders or stamps withthe notice not later than Wednesday morning, in order to ensure insertion inthe current issue.

BIRTES.BROOK.-On May 1st, at 1, James Street, Lincoln, the wife of W. H. B.

Brook, M.D., B.S.Lond., F.R.C.S., of a daughter.OWEN. -On April 30th, at 3. St. Albans Place, Blackburn, the wife of

0. Trafford Owen, M.B.Edin., of a son.SHARP.-On April 29th, at Brant Broughton, Newark-on-Trent, the wife

of Percy Sharp, L.R.C.P., M.R.C.S., L.S.A., of a son.

MARRIAGES.EDRIDGE-GREEN-HICKs.-On April 26th. at St. Mary's, Hendon, by the

Rev. Chancellor Richardson, M.A., Rector of Corwen. uncle of thebride, assisted by the Rev. and Hon. Leonard Tyrwhitt, M.A.. SeniorCurate of Hendon, Frederic William Edridge-Green. M.D., F.R C.S.,of 6, Ravensfield Villas. Bendon, second son of T. Allen Green. Esq..of Waverley House, Hendon, to Minnie Jane, second daughter ofHenry Hicks, M.D., F.R S., of Hendon Grove, Hendon.

MITCHELL-RAMSAY.-On April 27th, at St. George's, Hanover Square, bythe Rev. Edward Louis Churchill Clapton, M.A., Vicar of StMichael's. Wandsworth Common, assisted by the Rev. EdwardTravers Clark, M.A., of Chirlet, Canterbury, Robert NathanielMitchell. M.D, of 27, Fitzjohn's Avenue, N.W., to Clara Margaret,widow of the late Richard Harris Ramsay, of London, Calcutta, andBangkok. No cards.

DEATHS.MCLEAN.- On Friday, April 21st, at her home in Sticknev, Lincolnshire,

of pneumonia, Minnie, beloved wife of William W. L. McLean,M.R.C.S., L.R.C.P.Lond., L.S. A., and voungest daughter of Johnand Martha Lawson, Italian Villa, Hurlingham Lane, Fulham, S.W.,aged 26 years.

Mosss.-On May 2nd, at St. Leonard's-on-Sea, Margaret Celestina, thedearly-loved wife of Deputy-Surgeon-General Charles B. Mosse, C.B.,and daughter of the late Canon Macdonald, The Rectory, Athy,Ireland, aged 43.

LETTERS, NOTES, AND ANSWERS TOCORRESPONDENTS.

COMMUNICATIONS FOR THU CURRENT WEEK'S JOURNAL SHOULD REACHTHE OFFICE NOT LATER THAN MIDDAY POST ON WEDNESDAY. TELE-GRAMS CAN BE RECEIVED ON THIURSDAY MORNING.

COMMUNICATIONS respecting Editorial matters shouldbe addressedto theEditor, 429, Strand, W.C., London; those coneorning business matters,non-delivery of the JOURNAL, etc., should be addressed to the Manager,at the Office, 429, Strand, W.C., London.

IN order to avoid delay, it is particularly requested that all letters on theeditorial business of the JOURNAL be addressed to the Editor at theOffice of the JOURNAL, and not to his private house.

AuTHoSs desiring reprints of their articles published in the BRITISHMEDICAL JOURNAL are requested to communicate beforehand with theManager, 429, Strand, W.C.

CORRESPONDENTS who wish notice to be taken of their communioationsshould authenticate them with their names-of course not necessarilyfor publication.

CO}RRESPONDENTs not answered are requested to look to the Notioe toCorrespondents of the following week.

MANUsCRIPTs FORWARDED TO THE OFFICE OF THIS JOURNAL CANNOTUNDUR ANY CIRCUMSTANCES BE BETURNED.

PUBLIC HEALTH DEPARTMENT.-We shall be much obliged to MedicalOffleers of Health if they will, on forwarding their Annual and otherReports, favour us with duplicate copies.

W Queres, answers, and communications relating to subjects to whichspecial departments of the BRIIsH MEDICAL JOURNAL are devoted wlU beJound under their respective headings.

EzERIEs.

L.S.A. would feel obliged for information as to where speaking tubes orother means of communicating with a coachman can be had?

ANSW5RS.

BOOKS oN EYE DISEASE.T M - Of smnaller books. among the best may be named Swanzy's Hand-book of Diseases of the Eye. 4th edition, published hv Lewis. London, andNettleship's Diseases of the Ee, 5th edition. published by Churchill,London. Of larger works, Berry's Diseases of the Eye, 2nd edition, pub-lished by Pentland. London, and the American translation of Fuchs'sTextbook oJ Ophthalmology, published by Lewis, London, are recom-mended.

LOWEST C(ONTRACT FEES.NEMO.-WE sbould strongly advise our correspondent to have nothing todo with the Perpetual Sick BeneSt, Levy, Medical Aid, and DividendSociety. The terms offered to medical practitioners are most disgrace-fully inadequate-in fact, lower than we have as yet come across any-where. The Medical Aid Societies, which have earned such unenviablenotoriety, at least offer members of our profession better remunera-tion for their services than the miserable Pittance that figures here.We cannot imagine stronger evidence of the degradation of our profes-sion in certain quarters than the fact that societies of this kind dare tooffer duly qualified medical practitioners 3s. perannum for professionalattendance on a woman and her flve children up to the age of 16 years,for we can only suppose that some are found to accept those terms, orelse surely this perpetual lowering of medical fees could hardly goon; we further observe that. for the above munificent fees, the unfor-tunate practitioner is expected to examine candidates for the Societyfree of charge, and we can only express our surprise that the Societyhas the magnanimity not to expect midwifery also to be included.

MEDICAL TITLES AND THIl ]ROYAL COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS INIRELAND.

H.-In the case of Trinity College, Dublin, v. the King and Queen'sCollege of Physicians in Ireland, decided in 1864, the Master of theRolls held that the College of Phvsicians has not the power to grantthe degree of M.D. In 1885 a resolution was adopted by the College In-structing the Registrar and Clerk of the College not to use the title ofDr. in addressing Licentiates, except in the case of those who possess alUniversity degree of M.D. If our correspondent willaddress himself tothe Registrar of the College he will, we believe, receive a letter inform-ing him that "a Fellow, Member, or Licentiate............... is not entitled,legally, to call himself ' Doctor.' or to use the letters ' M. D.' in virtueof being a Fellow, Member, or Licentiate as aforesaid." Further, par-ticulars will be found in a letter from the then Registrar, published inthe BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL, 1892, vol. i, p. 143.

THOMAS GALE, SURGEON.P. L.-Thomas Gale was born in 1507, and studied under Richard Ferris,afterwards Sergeant-Surgeon to Queen Elizabeth. He served in the armyand was with the troops of Henry VIII at Montreuil in 1544, and wiltthose of King Philip at St. Quintin in 1557. During the latter part ofhis life he settled in London, where he was living as lately as 1586. In1563 he published " An Institution of a Chirurgion conteyning the sureGroundes and Principles of Chirurgery most necessary and mete forthose that will attayne the Art perfectly." He also wrote an "Enchi-ridion of Surgerie " and an " Excellent Treatise of Wounds made withGunshot." He succeeded his master as Sergeant-Surgeon to QueenElizabeth.'

1 See J. Flint South's Craft of Surgery, pp. 124-130; also Dictionary oNational Biography, a. v. Thomas Gale.