HyperWorks Release Notes...HyperWorks Solvers 1 2.0.224 Release Notes Proprietary Information of Altair Engineering 3 HyperWorks Solvers 12.0.223 Release Notes RADIOSS This is mainly

HyperWorks Solvers 12.0.224 Release Notes

Proprietary Information of Altair Engineering 1

HyperWorks Solvers Release Notes

12.0.224 Release Notes







HyperWorks Solvers 12.0.224 Release Notes HyperWorks Solvers 12.0.224 release contains a number of bug fixes to RADIOSS as well as enhancements that were previously released in 12.0.223. This is a hot fix version, resolving a time-step issue related to simultaneous usage of REFSTA and solid elements with Ismstr=10.

RADIOSS

Resolved Issues

• If Ismstr=10 + REFSTA are used simultaneously, reference geometry is applied in one singlestep (as opposite to gradually); it might lead to wrong time-step in the RADIOSS Engine

• Possible Engine failure by requesting /OUTP/SHEL/USERS or /OUTP/ELEM/USERS

• User Subroutines:

o Animation file might be corruptedo Wrong User Variable output (Batoz shell + PID17)




RADIOSS

This is mainly a bug fix version, including also several enhancements for submodels, airbags and Cut Section Method.

Main enhancements:

● Cut Section Method allows you to reduce the size of your model focusing on the area of interest.The size of the files defining the boundary conditions (SC file) for the “cut model” might becomehuge depending of the number of nodes stored and the frequency sampling. In case of multiplesections, it is now possible to read/write multiple sections into multiple SC files.

● Contact TYPE7: auto-impact for shells with gap larger than mesh size

● Airbags: user-friendly input for multi-chambers airbags; 4N membrane element with fullintegration, compatible with total strain formulation and with fabrics material laws.

● SUBMODEL: compatibility with all crash keywords; enhanced support of multiple input versions

● Main fixes in this version: Gravity setting in Implicit

RADIOSS for Crash and Safety

General AMS

● Possible instabilities with AMS have been corrected; WARNING: in v12.0.223, tolerancevalue must be set to 1E-03

● AMS & /DAMP + Kinematic conditions

● /DT/AMS : cannot keep the target time with /MAT/VOID + tied interface

Cut Section Method

● Read/write multiple sections into multiple SC01 files

● Cut Model cannot find SC01 file

SUBMODEL ● Support of multiple input deck versions below a master deck version: Version inside

submodel block (in /BEGIN cards) overwrites //SUBMODEL/submodel_ID/Vxxx



● Model with more than 101 submodels and TRANSFORM definitions fails

● Make all crash keywords compatible with the submodel block.

- Enable the usage of /SENSOR/TYPE11, 11 and 12.

- Implement new airbag cards into //SUBMODEL

- Option /FAIL/CONNECT is not supported in submodel

- Compatibility with INTER/TYPE24

- Encrypted safety tool model cannot be included inside of //SUBMODEL

- /GRNOD/BOX not supported correctly into //SUBMODEL

- FAIL/SPALLING: engine's floating overflow when included in SUBMODEL

- Error with /MONVOL/AIRBAG1, /PROP/INJECT1 & 2, MAT/GAS in the submodel

- Enable the usage of /SPH in the submodel option

● Issue applying /TRANSFORM/ROT on a /SUBMODEL having /BOX - /BOX are not correctlyrotated

● /TRANSFORM submodels transformations should be applied before the group/surfaceevaluation

● Units of the /RWALL parameters are not transformed.

● Error for the offset of the function ID in /PROP/SPR_PUL

● Errors with /MAT/FOAM_TAB material (LAW70)

PARAMETER ● Starter errors out if templex.exe does not respond within a given delay

● Precision for parameter expression

Engine

● Time step imposed in /DT/INTER/DEL for interface TYPE7, 20, 22 is not respected

● Engine fails at initialization time when using rigid body activation and de-activation bysensor. Affected version: 12.0.210

● /DT/NODA/1 is not allowed

● Accidentally in case of /DT/NODE/CST (not /DT/NODA/CST), /DT is used instead of issuingan error

● RADIOSS Starter memory usage optimization (reduced stacksize usage with large models)

● Get error when use /SECT/CIRCLE and /SECT/200 at the same time

● If SKEW_ID > 214748364 in IMPVEL IMPDISP IMPACC, Starter errors out (ERROR ID: 137** ERROR IN SKEW/FRAME REFERENCE)

● /TRANSFORM/MATRIX: transformations using global matrix

● /SURF/PLANE: Possible Starter core dump



● /BOX/RECTA: starter error

● Possible Starter crash when total number of items in nodal and element groups, surfaces andlines is greater than representation capacity of 32 bit integer address variable

Contacts TYPE7:

● Variable gap (Igap=1): wrong estimation of kinematic time-step could lead to loose contact

● Wrong stiffness calculation with /MAT/VOID

● Possible issue with Icurv=2 and convex surfaces

● Possible crash on Mac OS/X

TYPE11: dtmin value not scaled in case of unit change in the in the starter

TYPE7: wrong behavior with Igap=3

TYPE6: Hflag=2 was not behaving correctly (nonlinear behavior with constant unloading stiffness)

TYPE24: possible NAN on Linux64 with Single Precision version

TYPE18: possible Starter segmentation violation in SPMD

TYPE2:

● In RADIOSS version previous to v12, the slave nodes projected outside the master segmentwere not deactivated from interface, even for big projection errors. v12 enforces projectioncheck for all spotflags and deactivates slave nodes in case of error. This change reverts thisbehavior (except spotflag 25), to avoid result differences in some models compared toprevious builds.

● Coating with SH3N TETRA10 elements, degenerate master segments of TYPE2 interface

Airbags ● Contact TYPE23: FPENMAX parameter resolves “zombie” motion when penetrated nodes are

very close to the master surface. Double precision version is recommended.

● QBAT and QEPH compatibility with /XREF + total small strain formulation (Ismstr=11)

● QBAT compatibility with LAW58

● /LAW58 compatibility total small strain formulation (Ismstr=11)

● /MONVOL/COMMU1 input is similar to /MONVOL/AIRBAG1; Grafele porosity option added

● /MONVOL/FVMBAG1 output of number of FV in TH file

● /MODIF/FVMBAG: gives warning and ignores input when several airbags available in model;

● FVMBAG : non-linear terms (CPb and CPc) for initial gas and injectors are generating pressuredrop (results are wrong if CPb and/or CPc are different from zero)

● Airbag internal surfaces are ignored by FVM

● /MONVOL/AIRBAG1 numeration of jetting functions wrong



● Possible negative volume in folded CAB with internal sock (with FVM based on TETRA)

● Default value for Pext set to 1atm

● Compatibility of /MONVOL/AIRBAG and SUBMODEL

● EREF, XREF, REFSTA: single precision version starter fails to initialize the reference geometry ofa shell component when there are tetra elements available

● /EREF compatibility with TETRA4

● Results of interface type 23 not PARITH/ON

● Possible issue with LEAK/MAT

● Possible issue with MONVOL/FVM1

● Airbag Monitored Volume: no outputs in TH in case of multiple TH output requests.

Materials ● LAW36: input supports more than 10 curves

● LAW59: small strain option (now default in prop TYPE43) prevents time step drop afterreleasing the spotweld element from its support. The elemental stress is now computed usingthe initial area, as opposite to the current area

● LAW65: corrected loading and unloading behavior in elastic region. The material was notfollowing the prescribed elastic loading curve and unloading was wrong. For material stability,some membrane viscosity is added by default, depending on shell formulation.

● LAW76 (SAMP): strain rate filtering added

● LAW24, NAN in the Engine, due to unassigned default value for S0; current default value = 5/4

● LAW0 (VOID): possible segmentation violation

● LAW77: relative velocity (VF-VS) for computing the Darcy force instead of the flow velocity.

● LAW38: if small strain is activated (Ismstr=10) strain rate computed is wrong

● LAW42: unstable behavior of Isolid=17+Icpres=1; introduction first internal Icpres=11

● LAW13: possible Starter segmentation fault

● BARLAT: possible Engine crash

● LAW72 (HILL_MMC): wrong damage output & possible core dump

Composites ● Young’s modulus in direction 33 (E33) is ignored for /MAT/LAW25 CRASURV

● Post treatment of stresses and strain in orthotropic directions for composite shells and bricks,/ANIM/SHELL/PHI/N

● User failure criteria compatible with composites (law12 and 25) + all laws < 28 and law 49(solid). Also for law shell < 28 + law 32



Failure ● /FAIL/WILKINS failure criteria delivers wrong results when W2 is used (beta <> zero)

● /FAIL/TAB: Wrong results as scaling factors and strain rate values were not read correctly

● Failure not working for 4nodes and 3nodes shells with Iform=1. Version(s) concerned: 13.0,12.0

● /FAIL/LAD_DAMA_ 13 and 23 modes are not working

● XFEM: not PARITH/ON in SPMD

Properties ● Variable friction in /PROP/TYPE12 pulley spring

● /PROP/KJOINT (TYPE33) doesn't work if used without /RBODY at both ends of the spring

● /PROP/KJOINT2 (TYPE45)

- Friction doesn't work properly if property is used without stopping displacement

- Possible starter crash

● Spring TYPE4 with H=7: spring does not follow the prescribed force/displacement curve

● Starter fails with single /XELEM element model

● /XELEM doesn't work correctly with SMP version

● Instability with shell elements in LAW25

● /PROP/SPR_AXI rupture inactive for Ifail2=2

● Starter crash with Isolid=14+Ntp=222 for tetra10

● Shell with drilling dof correction

● Change default dn=0.01 for QBAT when npt=1, and optimization

Multi-Domain ● /INTER/TYPE2 with SPOTFLAG = 25 gives very small time step for the subdomain

● Possible Starter crash with TETRA10 elements

● Compatibility with cylindrical joints

● Compatibility with /SECT

● Output improvement - consistency of /TH and /ANIM generated by full and subdomains

● Automatic consistency check between /SUBDOMAIN in Starter and /RAD2RAD/ON in Engine

ALE ● LAW51: Possible Engine failure at cycle 0 on Windows. Issue occurring when using plasticity

models with MM-ALE LAW51.

● LAW51: no strain rate dependency with JCOOK criteria



● LAW51: outlet does not work properly with explosives

● LAW51: Fixed strain rate & temperature dependency in Johnson Cook criteria when used withMM-ALE.

● /INIVOL not working correctly when surface is defined with mixed 3N and 4N shells

● Multiple /INIVOL cards not working (last one overwrites the previous one)

● /INIVOL: possible failure on windows

● Drucker-Prager material law 10 and 21. Artificial Viscosity was not taken into account whilecomputing energy integration from EOS numerical solving. Might affect numerical result unlessif user set artificial viscosity to 0 : qa=qb=1e-20

● LAW10, 21, 51: wrong Drucker-Prager behavior in tension: 1- Yield surface was symmetrized intensile domain, while there shouldn’t be any plasticity in tension. 2- If Yield surface has no root,user is warned. This might affect numerical results since Yield surface was fixed

● LAW20: detonation wave velocity 10% faster than expected results. ALE Rezoning issue wasfixed. It was computed only if second submaterial in input card required it.

● SPH: possible segmentation violation if mass is not defined; error message (ID=138) isintroduced for an easy localization of the issue

Implicit ● Gravity setting: Removing automatically from the impact candidates list the node/segment pairs

(TYPE7, TYPE24) which have been defined in TYPE2 already

● /PROP/SPR** (TYPE4, TYPE8, TYPE12, TYPE13): Coefficient for strain rate effect in tension “A”does not work with nonlinear spring with implicit solution

● NaN implicit results with Nonlinear springs

● Add error out if implicit ISOLV=2 and EXEC SMP

● LAW28 with /PROP/TYPE6 does not converge: issue with solid elements and orthotropic laws

● Not initial zero velocity values in some case (if RADIOSS add the one more Anim file at the endof run), if the restart run followed a static implicit. This might the effect on the restart run withthe high initial velocity.

● Avoid incorrect implicit result with very small Tol (1.0E-12) input

● Implicit NL converging issue using shell composite with offset (asymmetric positions)(QBAT+T3)

● Slow convergence of nonlinear implicit using QEPH with LAW27

● Zero dof of implicit crashed in spmd (np>1) using Mumps.

● Run crashed with implicit+Rbe2+contact

● Compatibility implicit with LAW12, 14 elastic isotropic used for LAW12, wrong modular matrixfor LAW14

● RADIOSS crashes: if contact with T_start(int7)=T_stop(run)

Initial State



● Possible engine crash with /MAT/LAW01 + /STATE/SHELL/AUX/FULL

● Possibility to have values in degree for /INISHE/ORTH_LOC

● Initialization of orthotropy with the /INISHEL_ORTHO_LOC card: some elements were deleted atthe beginning of calculation in the engine.

● TETRA10 compatibility with .sta files

● Due to large time steps (AMS is used).sta file is not written at the end of forming

● Possibility write tensors in global coordinate system in card /INIBRI

● Strain output in .sta file correction

● Wrong Isolid flag in INIBRI cards for prop SOLID, SOL_ORTH

● When mapping results from a previous simulation using /INISHE/STRS_F the thickness was notread by the starter, and not taken into account in the next simulation.

● RADIOSS is not able to read INIBRI/AUX it writes itself for prop SOL_ORTH and isolid=17

● /INIBRI/ORTHO lets crash the STARTER in V12.0.210 and newer V12_main

Output Anim

● External force in ANIM file are wrong

● Wrong output /ANIM/SHELL/USR - PROP/TYPE16 + QBAT and in INSHE/ORTH_LOC

● Stress and strain output for orthotropic solid/thickshell elements

● /ANIM/SHELL/FAIL does not work with stack and plies (prop 17 and 19)

● Forces of interface type2 to animation files

● LAW58, wrong output of stress tensor in animation file

● Engine crashes with /ANIM/TENS/STRESS/ALL

● Mat LAW25 + PID9 - /ANIM/SHELL/TENS/STRESS/UPPER and ../2 and ../3 don't work

● /LOAD/PFLUID force is wrong

● Anim stress out wrong with HSEPH+PID22

TH

● New output for elements groups

● Wrong output in ABF file

● /TFILE/3, /ATFILE/4 wrong interaction between binary and ascii output

● /TH/GAUGE fails in starter (affected version: 12.0.210)

● Wrong Energy balance with RBE2

Messages



● Change the error message for a missing subsets into a warning message for

- /GR..../....

- /SURF

- Entities like groups and surfaces not defined in the model are ignored, allowing to run a generic load case where some entities might be missing in a specific model.

● Engine error messages - statistics on nodes and parts which are possibly the source ofdivergence

● Starter estimates wrong time step for Ishel=12 (Engine is correct)

● /TRANSFORM/ROT card, no error message when only 1 node defining rotation axis is prescribed

● Output message in /PROP/SPH: skew_ID is not correct.

● /SUBSET: change the error message for missing subsets to warning message.

● Starter writes wrong pressure values to 0000.out file

● Error trapped message after a warning for incompatible value for Ish3n

● WARNING ID 432 in STARTER reports wrong property ID

● TYPE2 + Ignore (too many WARNING Id 147 and 870

● Wrong BCS value "9" instead of 0 or 1 is not detected by starter

● /IOFLAG : Print the part mass and inertia any time (with Ipri=0)

● Engine output for part and node PID with highest KE, IE, velocity is wrong

● Message error of INTER/TYPE2 + Spotflag=25 w/ implicit

● Out file 8 digit function IDs

● Improve error messages for RADIOSS to give more specific information (title of the option inwarning/error messages)

● /INTER/TYPE19: wrong error message

● Incorrect information on Gravity function ID in 0.out file vs. 0.rad

● Warning ID 147 is missing in starter's summary

● INFO 864: non correct message display

● Wrong error and warning information for interface TYPE21

● Engine should warn about a non-existing node group used in /DT/NODA

● In /SPHGLO output message, LVOISPH and KVISPH should be changed in the code to beconsistent for the doc

● /INTER/TYPE5: add the node number on the initial penetration message

● ERROR ID: 727 - ERROR IN MEMORY ALLOCATION

● /PROP/TYPE28 - wrong parameter printout in starter output file



MotionSolve

MotionSolve is a state-of-the-art multibody solver available in HyperWorks. It has a complete set of modeling elements and powerful numerical methods to support a full set of analysis methods. The accuracy, speed and robustness of MotionSolve have been validated through extensive testing with customer models and test data. MotionSolve also offers unmatched compatibility with ADAMS/Solver input. Click here for more information about MotionSolve. This document describes changes that have occurred to MotionSolve since version 12.0. All of these improvements are available in the 12.0.223 release.

Models using DSTIFF integrator with index 2

With this hot fix release, for any models using the DSTIFF integrator with the index set to 2 (SI2), the solver will instead use the DSTIFF integrator with index set to 1 (SI1). Velocity states are not checked for integration error (dae_vel_ctrl = “FALSE”) in this case.




RADIOSS

This is a bug fix version, based on 12.0.221, including few fixes for airbags, contact interface TYPE7 and TYPE2, material LAW65. Bugs fixed in this version:

● FVMBAG: Possible segmentation fault

● Contact TYPE7: possible issue with initial penetration computation

● Tied contact TYPE2: slave nodes are abnormally removed from contact

● LAW65: material does not follow prescribed loading/unloading curve




RADIOSS

This is a bug fix version, based on 12.0.210, which resolves several issues concerning //SUBMODEL, airbags, TYPE6 contact and others. Bugs fixed in this version:

● //SUBMODEL

- Compatibility with: /SKEW/MOVE, /MONVOL/AIRBAG1, /PROP/INJECT1 & 2, MAT/GAS

- Offset not working for function_ID in /PROP/SPR_PUL

● Airbags: incorrect TH output for airbag venting

● FVM: possible engine failure with NaN

● Contact TYPE6: formulation flag=2 is not taken into account

● Section definition: SECT/PARAL: element not found if paral plane X=cst is defined

● /INIBRI/AUX for tet10 elements is not working

● Printout: /IOFLAG : Print the part mass and inertia any time (with Ipri=0)

MotionSolve

Default option for output plot file *.plt

The default option for the attribute “plt_file” in the command statement <ResOutput> is changed to TRUE.

That is, MotionSolve will now always write the ASCII result file *.plt, unless explicitly specified. If the model does not have any requests, the *.plt will not be written.




RADIOSS

Crash and Safety

AIRBAGS – Contact TYPE23

Penalty formulation specifically designed for airbags fabric self-contact. Initial penetrations and intersections are allowed and resolved automatically during the airbag inflation.

AIRBAGS – Lost Heat Flow

Heat transfer coefficient allows you to compute lost heat flow due to convection.

AIRBAGS – UP

● /EREF: Elements based reference state

● /MONVOL/COMMU1: for multi-chamber airbags, injector properties can be defined referring to/PROP/INJECT and gas mixtures referring to /MAT/GAS

● /LEAK/MAT: leakage models (Nporsurf in /MONVOL/AIRBAG1)

AIRBAGS – FVM

● Injection can be defined on volume internal surfaces also

● /DT/FVMBAG time step stability control for FVM to reduce time step drop

● /FVMBAG/MODIF to redefine along the engine phase the merging criteria and parametersoriginally defined in the starter which is particularly useful for airbags with internal surfaces likedual chamber side airbags

● /LEAK/MAT: leakage models (Nporsurf in /MONVOL/FVMBAG1)

AIRBAGS – Reference state based on elements

● New input for reference state, based on elements IDs.

Fabric - MATERIAL LAW19

Possibility to define a porosity for an internal surface in FVM application

CONTACT TYPE24


Proprietary Information of Altair Engineering

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Penalty formulation contact designed to work with large time-step. Main features are: large time–step (it can’t drop more than a factor 1.4x); zero gap; improved(*) robustness even with models with initial penetrations and intersections.

Known limitations in 12.0.210 patch:

● No advanced treatment of initial penetrations

● MPI parallelization is available but not fully optimized yet: load unbalancing might deteriorate scalability on large number of cores

● Not available for single precision version

(*) vs. TYPE7

CONTACT TYPE7 – Self Contact with Gap Larger than Mesh Size

● Resolves self contact when mesh size is smaller than gap value; neighbors nodes to a master segment are automatically removed from the list of contact candidates

● Icurve: now available for both concave and conves master surfaces

CONTACT TYPE11 – Friction with Stiffness Formulation

● Incremental (stiffness) formulation allows larger time step and improves stability at the same time

CONTACT TYPE2 - Flag Ignore=3

New flag for search distance computation for tied contact.

Multi-Domain – MPI Parallelization of the rad2rad

● SPMD parallelization of the rad2rad has been achieved showing tremendous speed-up for high number of cores compared to previous SMP rad2rad. It can also run in Hybrid SMP/SPMD mode.

● Kinematic conditions compatibility has been extended to cylindrical joints.

● Several post-processing improvements are also available, especially for TH files to make output consistent between main and subdomain T01 files. Sections are now available for output.

XFEM (beta)

12.0.210 includes a brand new and more powerful X-FEM formulation; nevertheless actual implementation has not been fully tested yet. Therefore it should be considered a beta option.

● XFEM technology is available for multilayered 3 and single layer (PID1) shells but not mixed together, yet.

● The format was changed and simplified for a new XFEM formulation compatible with failure criteria /FAIL: Teuler-Butcher /TBUTC; Johnson-Cook /JOHNS; Forming Limit Diagram FLD and tabulated /TAB.

● HMPP parallelization is available

● Known limitations:



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− PARITH/ON is not ensured for SPMD parallel mode − LEVSET is not plugged yet with the new XFEM formulation

Foams - MATERIAL LAW77 (beta)

This is an advanced material law for foams which takes into account the behavior of the air inside the foam cells. The air flow thru the cells affects the foam properties, stiffness, viscosity, etc. Special boundary conditions are provided to limit the cells porosity in case of contact with non-porous parts.

Although comparisons with experiments show good correlation, the implementation in version 12.0.210 shall be considered as a beta: so far, only academic and basic tests have been considered, like porosity tests and simple drop tests.

Foams - MATERIAL LAW70

Itens: tension curve can be prescribed.

Composites - MATERIAL LAW25

Viscosity has been identified as a critical property for results accuracy of numerical models with composite materials in crash applications. Viscosity is now available in LAW25. Prony viscosity (/VISC/PRONY) is now compatible with LAW25.

Composites – FAIL RATIO for Hashin, TSAI-WU and CRASURV

To improve stability, a shell element can be deleted if a user defined proportion of layers are failed.

Polymers - MATERIAL LAW76

This is a semi-analytical material model for polymers; strain-rate dependency has been implemented.

Resolved Issues

● Geometrical contact surfaces definition Icurve.

● Wrong direction for alpha values output in .sta files (LAW58 + PROP16).

● /LAW59: nodes belonging to deleted elements still set the time step

● /GRNOD/BOX not supported in //SUBMODEL

● /ANIM/SHELL/PHI returns wrong layer with RADIOSS 12 and 12.0.2

● Moving frame didn't work with nonlinear implicit solution

● /INTER/TYPE2 + Spotflag=25: possible instability when distance between slave node and master segment is large

● /INTER/TYPE2 : slave nodes ignored whatever the Ignore flag.

● /INTER/TYPE7: kinematic time step was computed using always Gapmin, ignoring variable gap options

● Improved stability of elastic material laws 1 and 19 for shells



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● /LAW68: strain output in the time history was null

● Improved stability for solid elements with Isolid=17 + Icpre=1 + Ismstr=10:

● /ANIM/BRICK/TENS/STRESS/0j0 + Isolid=15: Stress values were not computed when j = 1, 2 and 4

Metal Forming

Hot-Forming - Material Law80

● Material law to predict microstructure and hardness after quenching.

Contact Type21

● Improved performance

● Non-uniform nodal temperature can be prescribed

● Thickness defined at /PART level is taken into account

Resolved Issues

● LAW78: improved stability

● LAW73: engine stop when extrapolation from tables was giving yield < 0; now Radioss always consider yield >= 0

Blast Simulation

P-alpha - MATERIAL LAW75

● Porous material law to take into account the effect of porosity on the equation of states

Material Law51

● Improved silent boundaries formulation for blast applications

Post-processing: Material Tracking (LAW37 and LAW51)

● /ANIM/BRIC/VFRAC - allows to track material evolution; it’s targeted to replace global density contour which was not always adequate.

Grid Velocity Formulation Parameters



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ALE parameters standardization; the following keywords are available both in Starter and Engine:

● /ALE/DONEA

● /ALE/DISP

● /ALE/SPRING

● /ALE/ZERO

● /ALE/STANDARD

Resolved Issues

● LAW51: multi-material outlet doesn't work when detonation occurs in air

General

SENSORS Improvements

● Activation/deactivation of CONTACTS

● Possibility to stop a job - Allows tool positioning

Single Precision – Solid Elements

Improved accuracy of single precision with solid elements.

Transform Matrix

Compatible with transformations actually available in CAD systems and or multibody models.

Starter Warnings and Error Messages

Title of the option is printed in the out file.

Starter errors out in case:

● an empty group is detected

● a vent hole surface is not defined

Engine Error Messages

● The list of nodes with highest velocity is output in case of mass or energy error. Scope is an easier identification of the nodes (parts) responsible for the divergence.

● Also an ANIM file is automatically written in case of mass or energy error.

/DAMP/INTER

Sensitivity analysis



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/SURF/GRBRIC/EXT & /SURF/GRBRIC/FREE

Extracts the external (or free) surface of a group of solid elements

Integrated Beams

In /PROP/TYPE18 it is possible to refer to predefined sections (rectangular or circular)

AMS

Performance improvement for /DT/INTER/AMS

Compatibility between /DT/AMS and /DT/NODA/CST allowing the application of AMS only to a group of parts and a classical time step control to the remaining parts of a model for optimized global performances.

Resolved Issues

● Domain decomposition fails if NUMSPH*KVOISPH > 2exp31 for large SPH models

● Running in SPMD a first job with /DT/NODA/CST and then switching to AMS caused engine failure

● AMS and Penta6 elements caused Engine failure

● Incorrect orthotropy results using /INIBRI/ORTHO

● /INISHE/ORTH_LOC : values in degrees were not available

● /INIVEL/AXIS and /INIVEL/TRA incompatibility

● RBE3 with many independent nodes crashes

● RBE3 brings added mass from independent nodes to dependent ones

● /NLIMPL+ moving skew caused an error for the implicit solution

MotionSolve

Support for DSTIFF Integrator Index 2 (SI2) Removed

Starting with this release, the DSTIFF integrator will no longer support index 2 (SI2) as an option. You may choose between 1 (SI1) and 3 (I3) for the DAE index.

Models that made use of the stabilized index 2 will be setup to solve using stabilized index 1 within the integrator, with relaxed error tolerance on acceleration related constraint equations.

Change in Static Solver Parameters



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Starting with this release, MotionSolve no longer supports the attributes TRANS_LIMIT and ROT_LIMIT that were used to specify the maximum translational and rotational perturbations that the static solver is allowed to make to the model configuration in order to find a static equilibrium.

In their place, MotionSolve now uses a line search algorithm to find the optimal perturbation step.

Solver Enhancements

Improved Workflow for Co-simulation Using Simulink CoderTM

The workflow for co-simulation between MotionSolve and Simulink® via the Simulink CoderTM has been revised for ease of use. In the current version, you can make use of a script to compile your Simulink CoderTM model into a dynamic linked library.

This script compiles and links the code generated by Simulink CoderTM automatically, making it ready to use with MotionSolve for co-simulation. Please refer to the MV-7005 tutorial for more information.

Faster Simulation Times While Using SI1

The solver has been enhanced to provide faster simulation times when using the DSTIFF integrator with DAE index 1(Stabilized Index 1). The scaling of the Jacobian terms corresponding to constraint equations has been modified. This has resulted in faster simulation times for SI1. Speed improvements between 10-15% are seen on average.

Enhancements to Assembly Analysis

The criteria for automatically triggering an Assembly Analysis between simulations have been updated for cases when the model has flexible bodies. The new criteria detect changes to the model configuration (including flex bodies) and accordingly trigger an Assembly Analysis when required.

This change calculates realistic body accelerations when there are multiple simulates in models that contain flex bodies.

Kinetic Energy Distribution for Linear Analyses

MotionSolve now writes out the modal kinetic energy distribution for Linear Analyses. This information is available both in the solver log file as well as in the *_linz.mrf output file that is generated at the end of the analysis. You can set the write_energy_dist attribute to TRUE in Param_Linear to enable this feature.

This feature can benefit users in DOE/Optimization studies. For example, within the MotionView – HyperStudy framework, you can now perform optimization studies on powertrain mounts accounting for modal purity and mode spacing.

Enhancements to Point to Deformable Surface (PTdSF) Model Element

Two key enhancements have been made to the current implementation of the PTdSF modeling element.

● The first change improves the robustness of models containing PTdSF elements. It was observed that in the corrector iterations, the surface parameters U and/or V could go out of the range defined for the surface and the simulation would stop. In the enhanced implementation, if the U or V parameters begin to go out of range, MotionSolve prints out a warning and continues



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with the simulation. The U or V parameters are held fixed at the start or end limits until they come back into range. If the model is well defined, the U or V parameters will come back into range.

● The second change increases the generality of PTdSF. PTdSFSUB – the user subroutine definition for the PTdSF model element has been enhanced to accept SYSFNC and SYSARY calls. This means that the force in a PTdSF element may now be a function of other model states. This is particularly useful for defining complex force models inside the PTdSFSUB. For instance, the coefficient of friction may be calculated using a differential equation. This state dependent value may be subsequently accessed in the PTdSFSUB.

Enhancements to Animation .h3d

This release also contains several enhancements to the animation h3d written out by MotionSolve:

● RIGID elements in the flex h3d are now written out in the animation h3d for better visualization

● Shell thickness information in the flex h3d is transferred to the animation h3d for better visualization

Enhanced Gravity Modeling

The Force_Gravity modeling element can now be specified as a function expression as well as a real number. This allows you to model gravity as a function of time in your model.

Python User Subroutine Library

In this release, MotionSolve provides a library of user subroutines written in Python for your reference. These can be accessed at <altair_root>\hwsolvers\motionsolve\usersub\py_src.

Improved Error Messages

The solver error messaging has been improved in some areas. This enables you to better understand what the solver is doing and it allows you to more easily debug your model. Some of these include:

● Improved error messages if non-matching parenthesis are detected in any function expression

● More understandable messages when redundant constraints are detected in the model

● More understandable messages when a U or V parameter goes out of range in a PTCV, PTdCV, PTSF, PTdSF etc. modeling element

● More understandable messages when a negative stiffness or damping value is specified for a spring damper or bushing modeling element

Modeling Check for Spring Damper, Bushing, Beam and Field Elements

Previously, if you specified I and J markers belonging to the same body for the above model elements, MotionSolve would fail during the analysis with little information about the cause. This made debugging the model difficult. Within this release, a mechanism that checks this condition has been implemented. If the I and J markers for the above elements belong to the same body, a relevant error message is printed out and the simulation is stopped.

Visualizing Rigid Body Contact



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With this release, the default setting for visualizing rigid body contact forces in HyperView has changed. Now, if rigid body contact is modeled, MotionSolve will always write out rigid body contact information allowing you to visualize the contact force vectors in HyperView. To turn this feature off, you may modify the contact_gra_output attribute within the ResOutput command.

Automotive Extensions to the Solver

MBD – Vehicle Dynamics Tools The MBD – Vehicle Dynamics Tools in MotionSolve and MotionView are a set of modeling entities for bushings, bump-stops, dampers, rebound-stops, springs and tires that extend the capabilities of MotionSolve.

Common to all of these are the following:

● An equal but opposite force is applied on two bodies that these entities are defined between ● The force applied depends on the displacement and velocity of one body relative to the other ● Outputs specific to each entity are supported, for example tire lateral slip angle for the tire

entity ● The parameters (for example stiffness), used to compute the force are stored in a property file

that is independent of the MotionView MDL file and the MotionSolve input deck. The property files are

o Text files and may be viewed and edited using any common text editor o Compatible with Adams/CarTM – property files from Adams/CarTM may be reused with the

Auto Entities in MotionView o Read by MotionSolve just prior to analysis.

The table below gives more information about these entities.

Entity Function Features Uses

Bushing (autoBushing)

Elastically mount suspension arms, links, sub-frames, engines, gearboxes, etc. to vehicle chassis

• Exerts force and torque all directions.

• Non-linear force/torque verses deflection interpolated using Akima’s method from tabular data

• Linear damping

• Suspension kinematic and compliance analysis

• Vehicle Dynamics

Bump-stop (autoBumpstop)

Limit suspension bump or jounce travel

• Exerts a force along a line to repel two bodies when the distance between the bodies is less the a threshold

• Non-linear force verses deflection interpolated using Akima’s method from tabular data

• Linear Damping

• Vehicle Dynamics, • Durability

Damper (autoDamper)

Dissipate energy stored in springs and damp chassis motions.

• Exerts a force along a line between two bodies

• Non-linear force verses velocity interpolated using Akima’s method from tabular data stored in a property file.

• Vehicle Dynamics • Ride Comfort • Durability



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Rebound-stop (autoReboundstop)

Limit suspension rebound travel

• Exerts a force along a line to attract two bodies with the distance between the bodies exceeds a threshold

• Non-linear force verses deflection interpolated using Akima’s methods from tabular data

• Linear Damping

• Vehicle Dynamics • Durability

Spring (autoSpring)

Limit forces in suspension components and isolate chassis by absorbing energy from vertical road inputs

• Exerts a force along a line between two bodies.

• Non-linear force verses deflection interpolated using Akima’s methods from tabular data

• Optionally set the initial load or length of the spring at vehicle input position

• Suspension Kinematics and Compliance

• Vehicle Dynamics • Ride Comfort • Durability

Tire – CTI (autoTireCTI)

Generate forces for steering, accelerating, and braking. Isolate the vehicle from small road irregularities

• COSIN FTIRE (flexible ring) and Pacejka 2000 Magic Formula tire models

• 3D and 2D Road Models including Curved Gridded Road (CRG) and COSIN RGR.

• FTIRE: Ride Comfort & Durability

• Pacejka 2000: – Vehicle Dynamics

Tire – CD (autoTireCD)


• Supports family of CD-Tire models (flexible ring)

• 2D and 3D Road Models including CRG

• Vehicle Dynamics, • Ride Comfort • Durability

Tire – TNO (autoTireTNO)


• MF-TYRE • SWIFT-TYRE (rigid-ring) • 2D and 3D Road Models,

including CRG.

• MF-Tyre: Vehicle Dynamics

• SWIFT-Tyre: Vehicle Dynamics & Ride Comfort

ADAMS Compatibility

Additional Support for Model Units

More options for choosing the model units are now available. Some of these include MegaNewton, Poundal, US Ton, Yard, Nanosecond, Day etc.

Modal Force Translation

This release contains a fix for translating the MFORCE element from an adm/acf deck when the SCALE attribute is defined as a function expression.

Joint-Friction Model Definition

Some attributes within the FRICTION definition in an adm/acf deck were wrongly translated to the MotionSolve XML input deck. This has been resolved

Resolved Issues



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Contact Force Visualization

While visualizing contact force vectors in HyperView, the force vectors are now correctly drawn to originate from the point(s) of contact instead of the body CG.

Python User Subroutines

Previously, you were unable to run a simulation from the MotionSolve GUI if your model contained a Python user-subroutine. This has been fixed within this release.

User Defined Graphics

Custom graphics defined in a GRASUB could not be visualized in HyperView. With this release, this issue has been fixed.

Deactivating Joints

Previously, if you deactivated a joint between simulations, any motions associated with that joint would still be active which could lead to erroneous results. Now, in such a situation, any motions associated with a deactivated joint are deactivated automatically and a warning message is printed out to alert the user of the same.

TIMGET Utility Function

The TIMGET function always returned “0” as the current time when it was called from a user-subroutine during a static or quasi-static simulation. This has been fixed.

Forced Assembly Analysis and Initial Velocity Calculation

Previously, the initial velocity calculations were reset if you forced an assembly analysis before a transient simulation. This led to incorrect initial velocities in the subsequent transient analysis. The correct behavior is to re-calculate initial velocities after a forced assembly analysis. This is implemented in the current release.

Documentation

A number of errors in the documentation have been resolved for both model and command elements.



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RADIOSS

RADIOSS for Noise and Vibrations (OptiStruct)

PARAM,DISJOINT for AMLS Solver Interface

PARAM,DISJOINT can now used to be used to allow AMLS to deal with disjoint structures. This only works with version of AMLS that are 4.2r22 or newer. This PARAM must be set to a value that is one larger than the number of disjoint parts. For older versions of AMLS, PARAM,AMLSUCON can be used.

New Parameters

● PARAM,DISJOINT: Setting this parameter to one larger than the number of disconnected parts allows new versions of AMLS (4.2r22 or newer) to solve problems with disconnected parts. The value must be set to one larger than the number of disconnected parts.

New Subcase Information Entries

● RADSND: Used to specify RADSND bulk data for radiated sound calculations.

New I/O Option Entries

● SINTENS: Used to request radiated sound intensity to the .h3d file.

● SPOWER: Used to request radiated sound power to the .h3d file.

● SPL: Used to request radiated sound pressure to the .h3d file.

New Bulk Data Entries

● RADSND: Used to specify panels and microphone locations for radiated sound calculations.

Fast Parallel Solver for Modal Frequency Response

A new parallel algorithm has been developed to quickly solve the modal frequency response equations when thousands of modes are used to define the modal space. With nearly linear parallel speed up the solver can handle problems with any combination of modal damping, viscous damping, low and medium rank structural damping in both the fluid and structure. In addition, SPCD enforced motion can be used and modal energy calculation are available. The use of this new method is controlled by the PARAM FASTFR.

A file to allow optimization of CMS Super Elements can be generated



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Using the DMIGDV continuation of the CMSMETH data, the contents of an include file used for optimization of the Super Element modal frequencies and their corresponding structural viscous damping values is specified.

Sets of RIGID elements can now be specified with the Bulk Data SET data

The set TYPE can now be specified as RIGID in the Bulk Data SET data. This is required when specifying the set of RIGID elements attached to the connection points in the PFPATH data.

Enhanced Bulk Data Entries

● CMSMETH: Using the DMIGDV continuation of the CMSMETH data, the contents of an include file used for optimization of the Super Element modal frequencies and their corresponding structural viscous damping values is specified.

RADIOSS for Stiffness, Strength, Stability (OptiStruct)

Geometric Nonlinear Solutions

The following enhancements have been made for the geometric nonlinear solutions, i.e. the NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis types.

● The Force-Deflection Curve from Snap Through analysis can be generated using PARAM,SNAPTHRU,YES.

New Parameters

● PARAM,SNAPTHRU: PARAM,SNAPTHRU,YES is used to control the generation of a Force-Deflection curve from Snap Through analysis. The default is NO.

Enhanced Subcase Information Entries

● TSTRU: In addition to using the resulting thermal field from a steady state heat transfer analysis for a thermal load on a structural analysis, the thermal field from the last time step of a transient heat transfer analysis can be used for the thermal load.

RADIOSS for Kinematics and Dynamics (OptiStruct)


● CMSMETH: A LOAD LID and SPC SID can be specified on the PRELOAD continuation to preload the flexbody. The effect of the pre-load on the flexbody is taken into account when the flexbody matrices are calculated.

● CMSMETH: A LOAD LID can be specified on the LOADSET continuation to generate residual vectors that can increase the accuracy of the flexbody results. The degrees of freedom of the loads are used to create residual vectors.



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RADIOSS for Crash and Safety (Block Format)

Airbags

Several enhancements to improve results quality and solution robustness:

1. Injectors can be positioned on internal airbag surfaces

2. /MONVOL/COMMU1 is supported; similarly to /MONVOL/COMMU:

- Gas materials can be prescribed in separate /MAT/GAS cards

- Injectors can be prescribed in separate /PROP/ for injectors In addition to the above, the option ACOM (t) allows you to scale the area between communicating chambers as function of time or relative pressure.



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HyperWorks Solvers 12.0 Release Notes

RADIOSS

RADIOSS for Stiffness, Strength, Stability (OptiStruct)

Axisymmetric Analysis

Axisymmetric structures can now be modeled with 3 and 6 grid triangular elements. In additional to gravity, rotational force, line, and thermal loads, axisymmetric pressure loads can be applied to the structure. Axisymmetric orthotropic material properties are available.

Improved Convergence of Contact Analysis with Friction

The convergence rate for nonlinear analysis involving contact with friction has been greatly improved through an improved contact algorithm and the use of a non-symmetric equation solver. For high values of friction it is necessary to include non-symmetric terms in the

stiffness matrix. The non-symmetric equation solver allows these matrices to be used, which leads to a significant increase in the convergence rate for problems with high friction coefficients.

Contact-friendly Second Order Solid Elements

Traditional second order solid elements often cause difficulties in solution of contact problems. They exhibit zero or even negative nodal forces at corner nodes, which can spoil the convergence of nonlinear process and produce very uneven distribution of contact pressure. To remedy this, special versions of second order elements have been implemented – these elements produce greatly improved results with contact while retaining the benefits of high accuracy of second-order elements.

Modeling of Gaskets

The effect of gaskets on bolted connections can now be modeled. 6, 8, 12, and 16 grid gasket elements are now available to model the contact and gasket compression between bolted parts. Nonlinear material properties and friction are taken into account.

Nonlinear Bushing Elements

Nonlinear bushing elements have been implemented to facilitate realistic simulation of bushings that use complex internal structure and nonlinear materials. Both the full 3D and spring-like 1D versions of nonlinear bushings are available.

1D and 3D Bolt Pretension

Pretension can be applied to bolts modeled with 1D or 3D elements. An easy to use method has been developed to specify the bolt pretension for bolts modeled with 3D elements. The pretension supports



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the specification of pretension forces and/or adjustment (of relative displacements) in nearly arbitrary combinations and sequences.

GPU Support for Faster Static Analysis

RADIOSS can now use the GPU to speed up linear analysis on Linux systems.

Heat Transfer Analysis Based on Contact Distance

Thermal conductivity based on the distance between parts can now be modeled. This allows for heat transfer between parts that are about to come into contact and also higher conduction rates when the parts do come into contact.

Transient Heat Transfer Analysis

Time varying heat transfer analysis can now be preformed. Time varying thermal loads (flux and heat generation) are allowed, as well as time varying temperature boundary conditions for both the structure and the ambient fluid.

Gasket Elements

Gasket elements are now available for modeling gaskets in nonlinear analysis. The CGASK6, CGASK8, CGASK12, and CGASK16 elements are used to define gasket elements with 6, 8, 12, and 16 grids respectively. The PGASK and MGASK data are used to define the gasket properties and material.

Pretension Analysis of 3D Bolts

Bolts modeled with solid elements can now have pretension defined using the PRETENS data. GPU Can be Used to Speed Up Static Analysis

Graphic cards can be used to accelerate static analysis by offloading most of the computation intensive work to GPU, while overlapping the communication and data transfer between CPU cores and GPU. The speedup in equation solver can be up to 4X, and the overall by up to 3X compared to Quad-core Intel Xeon run. This is available on Linux only. The Command Line Option “-GPU” is used to activate the GPU computing. Currently, only one graphic card is supported, and thus “–GPUID” can be used to pick the desired graphic card for computation when multiple are present. NVIDIA Fermi and Kepler architecture based Tesla and Quadro graphic cards are supported. Tesla C2050/C2070/M2090/K10/K20, Quadro 6000/K5000/K6000 cards are recommended for computing by NVIDIA. The proper driver for graphic card has to be installed from the user end before launching with option “-GPU”.

Axisymmetric Analysis

Axisymmetric Analysis can now be performed using the CTRIAX6 and CTAXI elements, PAXI element property, MAT1, MATT1, MAT3 and MATT3 material properties, and PLOADX1 pressure loading.

CFAST and PFAST are Now Available for Modeling Fasteners

The fastener connects two surface patches defined shell elements or properties (PSHELL). The fastener has a diameter and stiffness that can be defined in a local coordinate system.



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The Initial Clearance Between the Contact Surfaces Can be Prescribed

There is now an item in the PCONT data to specify an initial clearance between the master and slave contact surfaces. The does not depend on the actual distance between the surfaces.

Nonlinear Springs

Nonlinear force vs. deflection curves can now be defined for CBUSH elements using the KN TYPE in the PBUSHT data.

SUBCASE Specific Loads from DMIG Data

A specific loading vector can be pulled from DMIG data and applied as a load in a single SUBCASE using the P2GSUB data. For example, to apply the second load vector of DMIG PAX in a specific SUBCASE, use P2GSUB=PAX(2) data in that SUBCASE.

Plasticity with Kinematic and/or Mixed Hardening Now Available for Nonlinear Analysis

The MATS1 data now allows specification of Kinematic and/or Mixed Hardening rules through expanded options for the HR data.

Boundary Conditions Can Change for Continuation Subcases

The SPC set can change from the previous subcase when the continuation subcase (CNTNLSUB) is used for nonlinear analysis. This allows for previously SPC’ed DOF to be released.

Internal (MPCF) and External (OLOAD) Forces Written to the .op2, .pch, and .h3d Files for Nonlinear Analysis

MPCF and OLOAD analysis results are now written to the .op2, .pch, and .h3d files for NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

Support of Elasto-plastic Orthotropic Material with TSAI-WU and CRASURVT Yield Criteria for Composite Shell Materials

MATX25 material definition has been added for NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

Mechanical Strain Written to the HyperMesh .res File

Under thermal analysis, the separate mechanical and thermal strain components are written to the HyperMesh .res file.

Bolt Pretension

Pretensioned bolts can be modeled with 1D elements. The pretension analysis can be applied to linear and nonlinear static subcases. These static subcases can then be used in pre-loaded dynamic analysis.

Use of SUBCOM and SUBSEQ to Combine Static Analysis SUBCASE Results



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The new SUBCOM data can be used to generate results that are a linear combination of preceding linear and nonlinear static SUBCASE results. The new SUBSEQ data is used to specify the weighting factors.

Modal STRESS and DISPLACEMENT for All Modes and Residual Vectors Written to the .op2 and .pch Files

Using the keywords STRESS(MODAL) and DISPLACEMENT(MODAL) in an eigenvalue, modal FRF, or modal transient analysis SUBCASE will cause the modal stresses and displacements to be output. These modal results include both the structural modes and the residual vector modes. The .op2 or .pch file generation can be specified using the OUTPUT command (OUTPUT=OUTPUT2 or OUTPUT=PUNCH) or in the result specification: STRESS(MODAL,OP2), DISP(MODAL,PUNCH), etc.

These results can be used when third party fatigue codes combine the stress modes using modal participation coefficients from a transient analysis to calculate transient stresses.

Modeling and Analysis of Seam Welds

CSEAM and PSEAM data have been added for the modeling and analysis of seam welds.

GPFORCE Output Available for Eigenvalue Analysis

Grid Point Force Balance information is now available for structural modes in .h3d, .op2, and .pch results files.

These results can be used when third party fatigue codes combine the modal forces using modal participation coefficients from a transient analysis to calculate transient forces in welded, riveted, or bolted connections.

CSTRESS and CSTRAIN Output Available for Eigenvalue Analysis

Composite stress and strain results are now available for structural modes in the .h3d result file.

CSTRESS, CSTRAIN, and CFAILURE Output Available for Transient Analysis

Composite stress, strain, and failure index results are now available for transient analysis in the .h3d result file.

CSTRESS and CSTRAIN Output Available for Frequency Response Analysis

Composite stress and strain results are now available for frequency response analysis in the .h3d result file.

Output of Modal Grid Point (GPSTRESS) and Element Corner Stresses for the CMS Modes to the .op2 File

During the CMS Structural Super Element generation, the CMS modal stresses can be written to the .op2 file. These include the element centriodal and corner stresses for plates and solids, as well as the grid point stresses for grids of a solid mesh.

Ply-based Composite Definition Can Now be Used in Nonlinear Analysis



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PCOMPP ply based composite property data can now be used in the NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

SMP and SPMD Parallel Analysis Now Available for Nonlinear Analysis

The SPMD parallel option can now be used for analysis types NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN through the use of the –rnp and –rnt command line options. –rnt specifies the number of SMP parallel threads, and –rnp specifies the number of SPMD parallel processors.

Plasticity with Kinematic and/or Mixed Hardening Now Available for Solid Elements

The MATS1 data now allows specification of Kinematic and/or Mixed Hardening rules through expanded option for the HR data.

RBAR Data Supported in Nonlinear Analysis

RBAR rigid bar data can now be used in the NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

Rigid Element Force (MPCF) Results Written to the .op2 File for Nonlinear Analysis

MPCF analysis results are now written to the .op2 file for RBE2, RBE3, and RBAR elements used in NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

Pre-stressed Buckling Analysis

It is now possible to perform a linear buckling analysis of a structure in a pre-stressed state.

STATSUB(PRELOAD) is used to identify the pre-stress subcase.

STATSUB(BUCKLING) is used to identify the loading subcase.

Both references are required for a pre-stressed buckling analysis.

Stress and Strain Recovery Coefficients Available for CBUSH

The RCV continuation line to the PBUSH data has been added to specify stress and strain recovery coefficients for the CBUSH. These coefficients are multiplied by the element force to create a stress or strain value.

ASCII Results are Now Available for Stress and Strain Results in NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN Analysis

For NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN ASCII results for stress and strain for shells and solids are new writing to the .sty files when the STRESS(OPTI) and STRAIN(OPTI) are requested. Note that sets are not supported and results for all elements will be output.

Failure Theories can Now be Specified on PCOMPP and PCOMPG Data for NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN Analysis

FT can now be specified on the PCOMPP and PCOMPG data when used in NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN analysis. The failure index for composites are written to the .h3d file.



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CROD Stress Can Now be Recovered in NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN Analysis

CROD stress results can now be calculated in NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis.

Fatigue Damage and Life Results are Now Written to the HyperMesh .res Results File

Fatigue Damage and Life results are now included in the HyperMesh .res results file.

MPCFORCES Output Written to the .h3d File for Static Analysis

In addition to the .op2 file, MPCFORCES results for static analysis are now available in the .h3d file.

Unreferenced SET Data Written to the .op2 File

Even if a SET is unreferenced by the input data, the SET data is written to the .op2 file. This allows SET data to be passed to and used by post-analysis programs, such as those that calculate fatigue life.

SET Data Written to the .h3d File

SET data (both referenced and unreferenced) is written to the .h3d file.

Negative Values for LDM and Scale Factors Now Allowed in FATLOAD Data

This allows more flexibility in defining fatigue loading parameters.

Drilling Stiffness of Shells Can be Turned Off for Nonlinear Analysis

The data IDRIL has been added to shell element property parameter data (XSHLPRM) to run off the drilling stiffness of shell elements for nonlinear analysis types NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN.

Composite Laminate Added to Account for Offset Elements

The PCOMP/PCOMPG/STACK now support offset elements in laminate option (LAM) for smeared laminates. If the elements are offset (Z0 not equal to one half of the lay-up thickness), use the new laminate option SMEARZ0.

Composite Failure Index and Strength Ratio Now Output to the .op2 File

The composite failure index and strength ration is now output to the .op2 file in the OEFIT and OESRT data blocks.

Geometric Nonlinear Solutions

The following enhancements have been made for the geometric nonlinear solutions, i.e. the NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis types.

● It is no longer a constraint that continuing geometric nonlinear subcases must have the same boundary conditions (same SPC reference).

● 2D orthotropic materials are now supported (MAT8).

● Output of internal forces is now supported (MPCFORCE).



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● Interdependent coordinate systems are now supported (coordinate systems that reference other coordinate systems via the RID field).

● Added time history output for rods, bars and beams (XHIST).

● Added output time step control to XHIST Bulk Data entry, allowing output time step control for individual XHIST requests. (XHIST).

● Added option to enable small displacement assumption (NLPARMX, TSTEPNX).

● Added option to enable spring back analysis (NLPARMX).

● Added support of fixed time points that the automatic time step control will adhere to. (NLPARMX, TSTEPNX).

● Expanded material library to include LAW0 (MATX0), LAW21 (MATX21), LAW25 (MATX25), LAW28 (MATX28), LAW43 (MATX43), LAW60 (MATX60) and LAW68 (MATX68).

● Added support of contact definitions for 10-noded tetra elements.

● 2D laminated composite definitions are now supported (PCOMP, PCOMPG).

● Orthotropic nonlinear solid properties are now supported (PSLDX6).

● Added support of enforced displacements (SPCD) for NLGEOM analysis type.

● Added support of Rotational Velocity loading (RFORCE data item A).

● Adjusted the default convergence criteria defined on the TSTEPNL card from PW to UPW.

● Added support for rotational displacement output requests (DISP(ROTA)).

● Added support for grid point stress (GPSTRESS) output.

● Added support for cylindrical coordinate systems (CORD2C).

● CBAR and BEAM Von Mises stress is written to the .h3d file

● The Force-Deflection Curve from Snap Through analysis can be generated using PARAM,SNAPTHRU,YES

Default Projections and Checks for CWELD Elements

Several adjustments were made to the default behavior of the CWELD element to enhance its ease of use.

New Parameters

PARAM,SNAPTHRU: PARAM,SNAPTHRU,YES is used to control the generation of a Force-Deflection curve from Snap Through analysis. The default is NO


● SUBCOM: Specifies that results are calculated as a linear combination of preceding static SUBCASE results.

● SUBSEQ: Specifies the weighing for the linear combination of preceding static SUBCASE results for the SUBCOM.

● PRETENSION: Used to select and activate a pre-tensioning bolt load.



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● CFAST and PFAST: The fastener connects two surface patches defined shell elements or properties (PSHELL). The fastener has a diameter and stiffness that can be defined in a local coordinate system.

● CTRAIX6: Defines a three or six noded triangular axisymmetric element with a material reference.

● CTAXI: Defines a three or six noded triangular axisymmetric element with a property reference.

● PAXI: Defines the material property for the CTAXI axisymmetric element.

● MAT3 and MATT3: Define constant and temperature dependent orthotropic material properties for axisymmetric elements CTRIAX6 and CTAXI.

● PLOADX1: Defines a pressure load on an axisymmetric element.

● CGASK6, CGASK8, CGASK12, and CGASK16: Used to define gasket elements with 6, 8, 12, and 16 grids respectively.

● PGASK: Used to define gasket element properties and materials.

● MGASK: Used to define nonlinear material properties for gasket elements.

● PCNTX2, PCNTX5, PCNTX7, PCNTX11 and PCNTX20: Replace PCONTX for defining contact types for geometric nonlinear (NLGEOM) analysis. PCNTX2 is used to define failure for FREEZE contact. PCNTX11 is used to define edge to edge and line to line contact.

● CONTX11: Used to define the Edge to Edge or Line to Line Contact Interface Definition with the PCONTX data.

● LINE: Used to define a line for Line to Line Contact

● MATX25: MATX25 material definition for support of elasto-plastic orthotropic material with TSAI-WU and CRASURVT yield criteria for composite shell materials has been added for NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

● MATX28: MATX28 material definition for support of Honeycomb materials has been added for NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

● PSLDX6: PSLDX6 property definition for support of additional orthotropic SOLID has been added for NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN nonlinear analyses.

● CSEAM: Defines the seam weld element connection data.

● PSEAM: Used to define the seam weld element property data.

● PRETENS: Defines the ROD, BAR, or BEAM element used to model the pretensioned bolt.

● PTADD: Defines a pretension load as a linear combination of load sets defined via PTFORCE, PTFORC1, PTADJST and PTADJS1 entries.

● PTADJS1: Defines adjustment (additional shortening) on a set of pretension sections.

● PTADJST: Defines adjustment (additional shortening) on pretension section.

● PTFORC1: Defines pre-tensioning force on a set of pretension sections.

● PTFORCE: Defines pre-tensioning force on pretension section.



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● MATX0: Void material property extension for geometric nonlinear solutions.

● MATX21: Rock-concrete material property extension for geometric nonlinear solutions.

● MATX43: Hill orthotropic material property extension for geometric nonlinear solutions.

● MATX60: Elastic plastic piecewise nonlinear material property extension for geometric nonlinear solutions.

● MATX68: Honeycomb material property extension for geometric nonlinear solutions.

● PCOMPX: Laminated composite property extension for geometric nonlinear solutions.


● STATSUB: Added type PRETENS to specify bolt pretension

● TSTRU: In addition to using the resulting thermal field from a steady state heat transfer analysis for a thermal load on a structural analysis, the thermal field from the last time step of a transient heat transfer analysis can be used for the thermal load.


● PRETENS: Data to define the location, direction, and type of pretension for 3D bolts was added

● PBUSH: The RCV continuation line has been added to specify stress and strain recovery coefficients for the CBUSH

● PCONT: The CLEARANCE item in the PCONT data can be used to specify an initial clearance between the master and slave contact surfaces. This does not depend on the actual distance between the surfaces.

● XSHLPRM: The data IDRIL has been added in order to turn off the drilling stiffness of shell elements for nonlinear analysis types NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN. The default value is 1 (ON) for NLGEOM and IMPDYN SUBCASES.

● PCOMP/PCOMPG/STACK: There is a new laminate option (LAM) for smeared laminates. If the elements are offset (Z0 not equal to one half of the lay-up thickness), use the new laminate option SMEARZ0.

● MATS1: The MATS1 data now allows specification of Kinematic and/or Mixed Hardening rules through expanded options for the HR data.

● DRAPE: Integer values for T and THETA are now read in correctly as real values.

● NLPARMX: Added options to control small displacement assumption, spring back analysis and fixed time points.

● PBUSHT: The TYPE KN has been added to define the nonlinear force vs. deflection curve for nonlinear springs.

● CBUSH1D/PBUSH1D: Support of the nonlinear 1D bushing element is now available for nonlinear static (NLSTAT) analysis. In previous version, the CBUSH1D element was treated as a linear element during NLSTAT analysis.

● XSTEP: The maximum number of iterations (NITER) and output frequency (NPAMS) for the conjugate gradient have been added.



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Resolved Issues

● The in-plane shear stress for the CQUAD4 and CTRIA3 was not accurate. In the pure in-plane bending state there was some error in the values for the shear stress.

● In some cases, corner stresses for shell elements could be incorrect when there were also solid elements in the model and corner stresses were requested for those elements, as well.

● In some cases, corner stresses for solid elements could be incorrect.

● Imposed displacement (SPCD) in a local coordinate system was implemented incorrectly for nonlinear analysis types NLGEOM, IMPDYN, and EXPDYN.

● The calculated contact pressure was incorrect for certain meshes.

● GPSTRESS now available for multiple SUBCASE in the .res file. In the past, only the GPSTRESS for the first SUBCASE was available in the .res file. Now, the GPSTRESS for every SUBCASE is available.

● The DRAPE data items T and THETA should be real numbers. In the previous release, if integer numbers were used they were not correctly converted to real numbers.

● If the Solution Control data EXCLUDE referenced PCOMPP properties, these were not actually excluded from the buckling analysis. Now, PCOMPP properties referenced by EXCLUDE data are excluded from the buckling analysis.

● Since the corner stress is the same as the centriodal stress for CTRIA3 elements, output of corner stress to the .op2 file was skipped if the model only contained CTRIA3 elements. Now, corner stress results will be written to the .op2 file, even if the model only contains CTRIA3 elements.

● PS Field on GRID Bulk Data Entry Was Ignored for Geometric Nonlinear Solutions: PS field is now recognized for the geometric nonlinear solutions, i.e. the NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis types.

● Loads with Magnitude 0.0 Were Incorrectly Interpreted in Geometric Nonlinear Solutions: Forces, moments, pressures with magnitude 0.0 are now interpreted correctly for the geometric nonlinear solutions, i.e. the NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis types.

● Wrong Thickness Used for Contact Involving Laminated Composite Materials: The correct thickness is now being used for contacts involving laminated composite materials.

RADIOSS for Noise and Vibrations (Bulk Data Format)

AMSES Large Scale Eigenvalue Solver

The AMSES (Automated Multilevel Substructuring Eigenvalue Solver) can calculate thousands of modes for models with millions of degrees of freedom in less than one hour. The solver scales well with multiple CPU’s and can be used for modal frequency response and transient analysis, as well as Noise and Vibration analysis. In addition, it can be used to generate structural and combined fluid-structure CMS Super Elements. AMSES handles unconnected structures, can be used for modal analysis with SPCD enforced motion, and runs on both Linux and Windows operating systems. AMSES is an integral part of RADIOSS and requires no special executable or additional licensing.

Fast Parallel Solver for Modal Frequency Response



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A new parallel algorithm has been developed to quickly solve the modal frequency response equations when thousands of modes are used to define the modal space. With nearly linear parallel speed up the solver can handle problems with any combination of modal damping, viscous damping, low and medium rank structural damping in both the fluid and structure. In addition, SPCD enforced motion can be used and modal energy calculation are available. The use of this new method is controlled by the PARAM FASTFR.

Modeling the Effect of Heavy Incompressible Fluids on Structural Vibrations

The MFLUID data can be used to model the effects of heavy fluids like oil or gasoline on the structural vibrations of their containers. This simplified formulation of fluid structure interaction offers an efficient approach to take fluid effects into consideration.

Equivalent Radiated Power and Far Field Sound Level Pressure

The Equivalent Radiated Power from structural panels can now be calculated. The response can be calculated for a set of grids or by panels. In addition, the Intensity can be calculated on the panel and the far field sound pressure level at microphone locations can be output across the frequency range.

One Step Transfer Path Analysis

The Point Mobility, Grid Point Forces, Path Participation, and Transfer functions for multiple control volumes can all be calculated automatically in a single analysis run. With this new algorithm, the solution time is significantly less than either of the solution times in the standard two step process.

MFLUID is Available for Modeling a Virtual Fluid

A fluid bounded by shell elements can be modeled by just specifying the shell elements and fluid properties. The effect of the fluid is taken into account during frequency response analysis.

Automatic One Step Transfer Path Analysis

Using the new PFPATH data to specify the connections, the transfer function, grid point force, and contribution from each connection degree of freedom are automatically calculated during a single run.

Added PARAM,AMSESLM So the Large Mass Method Can be Used with EIGRA

SPCD should be used for enforced motion for frequency response. If the old Large Mass Method is used for enforced motion for modal frequency response and EIGRA is used to calculate the modes, then PARAM,AMSESLM,1 should be specified.

Added PARAM,GE_MOD to Override All Material, Element, and Property GE Data

The value of GE_MOD will replace the value of GE on all MATx, CELAS2, PELAS, PELAST, PBUSH, PBUSHT, PCOMP, PCOMPP, and PCOMPG data. This includes blank values of GE. GE_MOD can be set to zero to remove all structural damping from the model.

Equivalent Radiated Power (ERP)

The Equivalent Radiated Power (Square of the normal velocity integrated over the area) from a panel is calculated and output to the .pch file.



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Component Dynamic Synthesis (CDS) Super Elements

CDS Super Elements contain the loading frequency information and can greatly reduce the analysis type in residual runs. The loading frequencies in the residual run must be a subset of the frequencies specified during the creation run.

Output of Applied Loads for Frequency Response and Transient Analysis

Applied load output (OLOAD) is now available for Frequency Response, Coupled Fluid-Structure (NVH) Frequency Response, and Transient Analysis.

The OLOAD information can be output to the .pch, .op2, and .h3d results files.

Ability to Control the Output of Results from Interior Points and Elements in Super Elements

The OUTPUT options NODMIG, DMIGALL, and DMIGSET are used to specify that no results, all results, or a SET of results are output for interior points and elements of a CMS Super Element in a residual run. The SET is defined in the corresponding output request data.

Automated Multi-level Sub-structuring Eigenvalue Solver

A state-of-the art automated multi-level sub-structuring method for eigenvalue extraction is now available in RADIOSS.

This feature is available for normal modes, modal frequency response and modal transient response solution sequences, as well as CMS super element generation run.

This solution method is activated when the EIGRA Bulk Data entry is referenced via the METHOD data selector in the Subcase definition. It may also be activated by adding PARAM,AMSES,YES or via the command line argument –amses.

Hybrid Damping for Direct Dynamic Analysis

Hybrid damping is now available in RADIOSS.

This is a means of applying modal damping in a direct frequency response or direct transient response analysis.

This is recommended mainly for residual models, where a large part of the structure is represented by external super elements. This is because of the computational expense of this feature.

It is activated via the HYBDAMP subcase information entry, which in turn references a HYBDAMP Bulk Data entry.

Additionally, the DMIGMOD entry has been expanded to allow hybrid damping to be defined for external super elements only (HYBDAMP will apply damping to both residual structure and external super elements).

Frequency Dependent Spring Property

A frequency dependent spring property is now available in RADIOSS.

Similar to the existing PBUSHT frequency dependent bushing property definition, a PELAST frequency dependent spring property definition has been added. It may be referenced by spring elements (CELAS1, CELAS3).



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Speed of the Modal Frequency Response Analysis Solution

The speed of the modal frequency response analysis solution has been dramatically increased for problems that have a large number of modes and structural damping and/or viscous damping.

Results for a SET of GRID Can be Requested from a CMS Super Element

During a residual run, the results from a SET of ASET and interior GRID can be requested. In the past only NODMIG or DMIGALL were allowed on the OUTPUT command. Now DMIGSET is supported.

The Fluid-Structure Coupling Matrix Can Now be Written to the .pch File.

The fluid-structure coupling (Area) matrix can now be output to the .pch file in DMGI format using the PARAM,AGGPCH,YES command.

SPCD Data Created for CMS Super Elements for Each Mode During Eigenvalue Analysis

A .spcd file is created during an eigenvalue analysis of a model that contains CMS Super Elements. This file contains SPCD data for each ASET GRID and SPOINT for each mode. This SPCD data can be used in a following run to recover the internal results for a specific mode.

PFMODE and PFPANEL Can Write Results to the .h3d, .pch, or Both Files

The results from PFMODE and PFPANEL can be written out to the .h3d file, the .pch file, or both files.

PFMODE Output Can Now be Determined by Displacement, Velocity, or Acceleration

The option RTYPE has been added to the PFMODE data in order to specify DISP, VELO, or ACCE to determine the output of the modal participation results.

RMS Results Only Output Option Added

Previously the only way to get RMS results was to request PSDF output. This created huge output files. Now it is possible to request RMS output only using the output option RMS on the DISP, VELO, ACCE, STRESS, STRAIN, and FORCE data.

Support of Additional Damping in the Interface to FastFRS

The interface to FastFRS now supports GE specified on the material data, as well as both structural and fluid modal damping.

Support of Acoustic Loading in the Interface to FastFRS

The interface to FastFRS now supports ACSRCE loading on acoustic grid points.

PSDF Output to .h3d File Expanded

PSDF output is available to the .h3d file for displacement, velocity, and acceleration, as well as solid and shell stress and strain and CBUSH force.



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PSDF Output to .op2 File Expanded

PSDF output is available to the .op2 file for solid and shell stresses.

PSDF Plotting Output Expanded

PSDF output is available to the XYPLOT/XYPUNCH/XYPEAK for displacement, velocity, and acceleration, as well as solid and shell stress and strain and CBUSH, CELAS, CDAMP, and CVISC forces.

CMDE Output Now Accounts for Both Viscous and Structural Damping

In previous versions the CMDE output only accounted for viscous damping. Now, output is also generated for structural damping specified by the GE field on the MATx data.

Specifications of the Matrices Used from H3D DMIG File

By default, all matrices in the H3D DMIG file are used in the analysis. To only use a subset of these matrices, use the K2GG, B2GG, M2GG, and K42GG data to specify which matrices are desired. Any unreferenced matrices will not be used in the analysis if any one of K2GG, B2GG, M2GG, and K42GG are used.

Improved Control of ERP Calculations

PARAM data ERPC, ERPREFDB, ERPRHO, ERPRLF, and RHOCP are added for use in ERP and ERP dB calculations. The value of ERP can now be calculated as a sound level using the speed of sound (ERPC), the air density (ERPRHO), and the radiation loss factor (ERPRLF). The value can be converted into decibels using the scale factor (RHOCP) and the reference pressure value (ERPREFDB).

ACMODL Statistics Written to the .out File

The maximum, average, and mean number of structural grids associated with any fluid element face is written to the .out file.

EIGRA Solution Time Reduced for Large Eigenvalue Problems

The solution time has been reduced when EIGRA is used for calculation of a large number of modes.

EIGRA Can be Used to Solve Larger Problems

The number of modes that can be calculated when using EIGRA has been increased for large models.

EIGRA and AMLS Can Now be Used for Pre-Stressed Normal Modes Analysis

STATSUB(PRELOAD) can now be used in a SUBCASE that references EIGRA data, or if PARAM,AMLS,YES is present.

Modal Frequency Response Solution Time Reduced for Problems Without Structural or Viscous Damping



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If there is only modal damping (no structural or viscous damping), then the resulting modal Frequency Response problem is diagonal. In this case, because a diagonal solution algorithm is used, the solution time is reduced significantly.

AVL/EXCITE Interface

The AVL/EXCITE interface has been enhanced to allow users to obtain results for interior points in a residual model run.

After running an AVL/EXCITE analysis an .INP4 file is generated that contains the modal participation factors. The .INP4 file can be used along with the original H3DDMIG file to recover stresses, strains, displacements, velocities, and accelerations from a residual run.

SIMPACK Interface

The SIMPACK interface has been enhanced to allow the generation of flexible bodies using CSET data with the CBN CMSMETH method.

Allow Craig-Chang Super Elements in Residual Run Using AMLS/AMSES

It is now possible to use super elements generated using the General Method (GM) with free boundary interfaces (the Craig-Chang approach), in a residual run with AMLS/AMSES.

Time Varying W3 and W4 for Transient Response Analysis

The TSTEP card has been enhanced to include fields for W3 and W4, such that these quantities can be defined differently for each set of time increments.

Static Loads Can Now be Applied Dynamically for Transient Analysis

The TLOAD1 and TLOAD2 EXCITED data can now reference static loads such as FORCE, FORCE1, MOMENT, MOMENT1, RFORCE, GRAV, and PLOADi.

Modal Participation Ratio Output

Modal participation ratios are output to the .out file when PARAM,EFFMASS,YES is defined.

AUTOSPC for AMLS Solver Interface

PARAM,AUTOSPC is now used to control AUTOSPC functionality for AMLS solver interface also.

The parameter previously used to control this, PARAM,AMLSAPC, is now defunct.

SET Data Specification for Rigid Element Output on the MODEL Data

The MODEL data that is used to specify what is stored in the CMS super element/flex body now allows for SETs of rigid elements. Before this enhancement, only RIGID or NORIGID was allowed.

Modal Stress Data Can be Exported Using PARAM,LMSOUT

Setting PARAM,LMSOUT to STRESS will turn on the output of the modal stresses in addition the condensed modes and full diagonal mass matrix.



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Element FORCE Results are Available for CBUSH, CELASi, CDAMP, and CVISC Elements in Transient Response Analysis

FORCE results due to damping are calculated for the CBUSH, CELASi, CDAMP, and CVISC elements during Transient Response Analysis and are written to the .h3d, .op2 and .pch files.

Element FORCE Results are Available for CBUSH, CELASi, CDAMP, and CVISC Elements in Frequency Response Analysis

FORCE results due to damping are calculated for the CBUSH, CELASi, CDAMP, and CVISC elements during Frequency Response Analysis and are written to the .h3d, .op2 and .pch files.

Element FORCE Results are Output from Eigenvalue Analysis

The modal FORCE results in eigenvalue analysis can now be output to the .h3d, .op2, and .pch files.

Element Strain Energy (ESE) for Frequency Response is Now Written to the .pch File

ESE output is now available in the .pch file for frequency response analysis.

Element Energies (ESE/EKE/EDE) for DMIG (CMS SE) Elements are Now Written to the .out File

The element energies associated with super elements are now output to the .out file.

MPCFORCE Output is Now Available from Modal Frequency Response Analysis

MPCFORCE output is now available from Modal Frequency Response Analysis in the .op2, .pch, and .h3d files.

A File to Allow Optimization of CMS Super Elements Can be Generated

Using the DMIGDV continuation of the CMSMETH data, the contents of an include file used for optimization of the Super Element modal frequencies and their corresponding structural viscous damping values is specified.

Sets of RIGID Elements Can Now be Specified with the Bulk Data SET Data

The set TYPE can now be specified as RIGID in the Bulk Data SET data. This is required when specifying the set of RIGID elements attached to the connection points in the PFPATH data.

New Parameters

● PARAM,FASTFR: PARAM,FASTFR is used to control the solution method for modal frequency response analysis. The default is AUTO, but YES and NO can be used to turn on or off the new fast solution method.

● PARAM,AGGPCH: Setting AGGPCH to YES causes the fluid-structure coupling (Area) matrix to be output to the .pch file in DMIG format.



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● PARAM,ERPC: Used to specify the speed of sound in the fluid. This is required to convert the ERP value to a sound level.

● PARAM,ERPRLF: Used to specify the radiation loss factor. This is required to convert the ERP value to a sound level.

● PARAM,ERPRHO: Used to specify the fluid density. This is required to convert the ERP value to a sound level.

● PARAM,ERPREFDB: Used to specify the reference pressure. This is required to convert the ERP value into decibels.

● PARAM,RHOCP: Used as a scale factor in the calculation of the ERP value in decibels.

● PARAM,GE_MOD: used to specify the structural damping GE value for all MATx and PCOMPx data. This new value will override the value on the MATx and PCOMPx data. This new value can be set to zero. In addition, GE_MOD can be set to NO_GE. In this case no structural damping is considered from MATx, PCOMPx, CELAS, PELAS, and PBUSH data. PARAM,G can be used to specify structural damping based on the entire stiffness matrix.

● PARAM,NUMEG: used to specify the estimated number of modes for modal Frequency Response and Transient Analysis, when the number of modes is not specified on the EIGRL/EIGRA data. This number of modes is used to estimate the disk space usage.

● PARAM,AMSESLM: SPCD should be used for enforced motion for frequency response. If the old Large Mass Method is used for enforced motion for modal frequency response and EIGRA is used to calculate the modes, then PARAM,AMSESLM,1 should be specified.

● PARAM,INTRFACE: This parameter is used to turn off the generation of the .interface file. The .interface file contains the data about the fluid-structure coupling and is created by default. PARAM,INTRFACE,NO will turn off the generation of this file.

● PARAM,ENFMOTN: This parameter is used to control the displacement output during modal frequency response with enforced motion. If set to ABS, the absolute displacement is output, and if set to REL, the relative displacement to the enforced motion is output. The default is ABS.

● PARAM,AMSES: Switches eigenvalue extraction method from Lanczos to AMSES.

● PARAM,VMOPT: This parameter is used to control the method used when the mass from virtual fluid (MFLUID) is used to model incompressible fluids.

● PARAM,ASCOUP: Setting this parameter to NO will turn off the generation of the fluid-structure coupling (Area) matrix. This is required when this matrix is read in from the PUNCH file.

● PARAM,INTRFACE: Setting this parameter to NO will turn off the generation of the fluid-structure coupling .interface file which is used to check the fluid-structure coupling as determined by the ACMODL data.

● PARAM,LMSOUT: Setting this parameter to STRESS will turn on the output of the modal stresses in addition the condensed modes and full diagonal mass matrix.


● MFLUID: Used to specify the MFLUID Bulk Data SID

● HYBDAMP: Hybrid damping data selector. This data selector references a HYBDAMP Bulk Data entry.



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MODEL: In addition to RIGID and NORIGID, a SET of rigid elements can be specified to be included in the CMS super element/flex body for display in the residual run.


● PFPATH: References the PFPATH Bulk Data to specify output for One Step Transfer Path Analysis

● ERP: Used to request ERP results to the .pch file.


● PFPATH: Used to specify the connections for output of the transfer function, grid point force, and contribution from each connection degree of freedom for automatically One Step Transfer Path Analysis.

● MFLUID: Defines the boundaries and parameters of the fluid volume.

● BNDFIX1, BNFRE1, and BSET1: Alternate forms of BNDFIX, BNDFREE and BSET data are now available to specify a list of grids all using the same DOF for CMS Super Element creation.

● ERPPNL: Used to define the panels for the ERP calculation.

● PANELG: Used to define panels for the PFPANEL, PFMODE, and ERP calculations.

● EIGRA: Requests real eigenvalue extraction using the Automated Multi-level Substructuring Eigenvalue Solver (AMSES).

● HYBDAMP: Defines the application of modal damping in a direct frequency response or direct transient response analysis.

● DMIGMOD: Defines the application of modal damping in a direct frequency response or direct transient response analysis to a CMS Super Element.

● DMIGMOD: Used to replicate a CMS Super Element in a new location. This allows for the multiple re-use of a single CMS Super Element.

● CDSMETH: Used to generate Component Dynamic Synthesis (CDS) Super Elements. These Super Elements contain the loading frequency information and can be much faster than CMS Super Elements in the residual run.

Enhanced I/O Option Entries

● PFMODE and PFPANEL: The OUTPUT option can be set to H3D, PUNCH, or BOTH.

● DISP, VELO, ACCE, STRESS, STRAIN, and FORCE: The option RMS has been added to request RMS results only.

● ASSIGN: Added EXCINP option to reference modal participation factors from AVL/EXCITE, in order to recover results for interior grids and elements.

Enhanced Solution Control Entries



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RESVEC(NOAPPL): The NOAPPL option turns off residual vector generation due to loads. This turns off both the UNITLOD and APPLOD residual vector generation.


● CMSMETH: The ability to specify the solver to use (LAN for Lanczos and AMSES for AMSES) has been added. In addition, the Lanczos SHFSCL and AMSES AMPFFACT parameters have been added.

● CMSMETH: Using the DMIGDV continuation of the CMSMETH data, the contents of an include file used for optimization of the Super Element modal frequencies and their corresponding structural viscous damping values is specified

● DRESP1: Added FRERP for defining equivalent radiated power as a response.

● PANELG: Generic panel definition for ERP or panel participation output.

● ERPPLN: Panel definition for equivalent radiated power output.

● TSTEP: Added W3 and W4 fields allowing these values to be defined differently for each set of time increments.

● TSTEPNX: Added options to control small displacement assumption and fixed time points.

● SET: Added the TYPE RIGID to define sets of RIGID elements. These sets can be used on the PFPATH data.

Resolved Issues

● The MPC and rigid element force contribution in GPFORCE output for frequency response could be incorrect. Now correct contributions from MPC’s and rigid elements are output in the GPFORCE results for frequency response.

● The MPCFORCE output for frequency response could be incorrect.

● Temperature dependent Structural Damping is now available. The T(GE) data on the MATT1, MATT2, MATT3, MATT8, and MATT9 is now supported.

● Use of PARAM,LFREQ in modal transient analysis produced incorrect results. Now correct results are obtained in modal transient analysis when PARAM,LFREQ is used.

● Modal transient analysis with enforced motion (SPCD) gave poor results. A new algorithm was implemented for modal transient analysis with enforced motion (SPCD). Now the results match those from direct transient analysis.

● Unless DISP(ROT)=ALL was requested, the GPKE values were wrong when AMLS or EIGRA was used. This has been corrected.

Element Strain Energy (ESE) is Now Written to the .op2 File

ESE output is now available in the .op2 file. For modal analysis, the ESE output is output as a static subcase for each mode.

RADIOSS for Kinematic and Dynamics (Bulk Data Format)



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Ply-based Composite Definition Can Now be Used in MBD Analysis

PCOMPP ply based composite property data can now be used in the Multi-body Dynamic analysis using rigid bodies (PRBODY) and flexible bodies (PFBODY).

CB and CC Flexbody Generation Time Reduced

The CB generation time is reduced for problems with large number of ASET DOF. The CC generation time is greatly reduced, if AMSES or AMLS is used.

Pre-loaded CB and CC Flexbodies Can be Generated

A LOAD LID and SPC SID can be specified on the PRELOAD continuation of the CMSMETH data to preload the flexbody. The effect of the pre-load on the flexbody is taken into account when the flexbody matrices are calculated.

Residual Vectors Can be Used to Increase the Accuracy of CB and CC Flexbodies

A LOAD LID can be specified on the LOADSET continuation of the CMSMETH data to generate residual vectors that can increase the accuracy of the flexbody results. The degrees of freedom of the loads are used to create residual vectors.

CB and CC Flexbodies Can Contain Reduced Loads

Loads acting on the connection points of a CC or CB flexbody can be generated by specifying a LOAD LID LOADSET continuation of the CMSMETH data. The loads are reduced from the full mesh to the connection points and can be used in the multibody analysis.

CMS Flexbodies Can Now be Created Based on PUNCH DMIG Input Data

The use of PUNCH DMIG input data is now allowed in the input data for CMS Flexbody creation.

1D Element Forces Included in Flexbody Output

The FORCE output request may be used in a flexbody generation run to obtain 1D element force results in the flexh3d file.


● CMSMETH: A LOAD LID and SPC SID can be specified on the PRELOAD continuation to preload the flexbody. The effect of the pre-load on the flexbody is taken into account when the flexbody matrices are calculated.

● CMSMETH: A LOAD LID can be specified on the LOADSET continuation to generate residual vectors that can increase the accuracy of the flexbody results. The degrees of freedom of the loads are used to create residual vectors.

RADIOSS - General (Bulk Data Format)

GRID Data Replication



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GRID data can be generated using replication markers (=, ==, and *). This allows for the generation of GRID data where the ID, coordinate systems, and coordinates are incremented for each new GRID.

AUTOSPC DOF Written as SPC/SPC1 to a PUNCH File

The AUTOSPC(PUNCH) command will initiate the generation of a _spc.pch file that contains SPC/SPC1 data for the AUTOSPC DOF for each SUBCASE.

The SYSSETTING Command SAVEFILE Has Been Added to Save Analysis Results from Previous Runs

The new command SYSSETTING(SAVEFILE=ALL) will save the previous run's results files (.h3d, .op2, .pch, etc.) by renaming the old file with a numeric extension as is currently done with the .stat and .out files. This can also be set in the configuration file (hwsolver.cfg).

-compress Option Now Works with a Tolerance

A tolerance can be specified with the –compress option to combine property data with the same or similar values.

Solution Control AUTOSPC Command

The new Solution Control AUTOSPC command replaces the AUTOSPC and PRGPST PARAM data.

GENEL Element

The General Element (GENEL) for which the stiffness matrix for an arbitrary number of grids has been added. Either the stiffness or flexibility matrix can be input by the user.

No Available License, No Worries

If a RADIOSS run is submitted with -licwait, but there are not enough HyperWorks Units available for the job to start, the job will wait until enough HyperWorks Units are available, and then it will check them out and start running.

Bulk Data SET1 and SET3 Formats Supported

SET1 and SET3 set definitions are now supported for defining sets in the Bulk Data section. These are internally converted to the more powerful and flexible Bulk Data SET data.

Passing of Metadata from the Input File to a Resulting XML File

If the keywords METADATA and ENDMETADATA are present in the input file, the content between the keywords is written in a separate <basename>_metadata.xml file. This allows passing of metadata information seamlessly through the solver.

New 3D Orthotropic Material Definition (MAT9ORT)

A solid orthotropic material definition (MAT9ORT) using engineering properties rather than stiffness matrix input is now available in RADIOSS.



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This is an alternative input format for the MAT9 anisotropic material definition and is translated on reading. The echoed material definition will use the MAT9 definition format.

Automatic Input Update

An automated mechanism for updating input definitions from an external file is now available in RADIOSS.

This allows optimization output from OptiStruct (e.g. .grid file, .prop file) to be used in a follow-on run without the need to regenerate the input file.

The I/O Option ASSIGN has a new sub-option UPDATE, which allows an external file to be referenced for the purpose of updating input. Input definitions in the referenced file are then used in place of the definitions in the source file.

Another I/O Option, UPDATE, has several parameters to control the behavior of ASSIGN,UPDATE.

Long-field Free Format Input

RADIOSS now accepts Bulk Data input using the long-field free format.

Long-field free format consists of four comma separated input fields per line. This input format is identified by an asterisk in the first column or (for the line with the card name) at the end of the card name.

Compressed Input Files

RADIOSS now accepts compressed input (using GZIP format) directly.

The main input file and/or any include files may be compressed using the GZIP format. Compressed files are recognized by the .gz extension. It is not necessary to modify INCLUDE lines in the input deck with this .gz extension.

Note: Files compressed using Windows ZIP format are not recognized.

Contributions from Individual MPC and Rigid Elements are Listed in the GPFORCE Output

In the GPFORCE balance output to the .op2 file the contributions from individual MPC and rigid elements are listed separately. This allows the HyperMesh Free Body Diagram (FBD) tool to correctly list the individual contributions. They are also listed individually in the .pch file output.

DMIG Mass Effect is Included in the Generation of RFORCE and GRAV Loads

The mass matrices in the H3D DMIG and PUNCH DMIG files are used when calculating RFORCE and GRAV acceleration loads. The mass contribution to these loads can be turned off with the PARAM,CMSALOD,NO data.

WARNING Messages Can be Turned Off

By setting the limit to NONE in the MSGLMT data the WARNING will no longer be issued.

Shell Element Offset can be Specified as TOP or BOTTOM

In addition to the actual offset distance, the ZOFFS data can be set to keywords TOP and BOTTOM to offset the plate elements by ½ of their thickness in the appropriate direction.



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Stress and Strain Results for CBAR, CBEAM, and CROD are Now Written to the .pch and op2 Files

Stress and Strain results for CBAR, CBEAM, and CROD are now written to the .pch and .op2 files for static, frequency response, and transient analysis.

SPCFORCE Output is Now Available for NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN Analysis

SPCFORCE output is now available for NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis. These results are written to the .h3d file.

SPCFORCE Output is Now Available for Eigenvalue Analysis

The SPCFORCE for each mode shape can now be output to the .pch and .h3d files.

MAT9ORT Can Now be Used in NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN Analysis

MAT9ORT referenced by PSOLID can now be used in NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis.

PARAM,ALPHA1 and PARAM,APHA2 Can Now be Used in NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN Analysis

Rayleigh damping can now be used in NLGEOM, IMPDYN and EXPDYN analysis.

Multiple XDAMP Data Can be Used in EXPDYN Analysis

Multiple XDAMP data can be used for define Rayleigh damping in EXPDYN analysis.

Shell Elements have Drilling Degree of Freedom Stiffness in NLGEOM and IMPDYN Analyses

Shell elements now have drilling degree of freedom stiffness in NLGEOM and IMPDYN analyses.

The Shell Element Thickness is Now Stored with the Model Information in the .h3d File

The shell element thickness is stored with the model information in the .h3d file.

Structural Damping and a Stress Recovery Coefficient Can Now be Specified on CELAS4 Data

GE and S can now be specified on CELAS4 data to be consistent with CELAS2 data.

AMSES Statistics Written to the .stat File

For the AMSES solver, the number of analysis DOF, output DOF, residual vectors, and auxiliary vectors are written to the .stat file.

Mass Properties Written H3D CMS Super Element Files

Mass properties are written to the H3D CMS Super Element files. This allows for printing of the system mass that includes the CMS Super Element mass in the .out file for residual runs.



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Rigid Elements are Now Included in the .mnf File

Rigid elements (RBE1, RBE2, RBE3, RROD, and RBAR) are now included in the model information in the .mnf file.

Support of Problems with Many Constraint Equations Due to Large RBE3 Elements

Analysis of models with a large number of large RBE3 elements requires the reductions of many multi-point constraint equations. Now this reduction step can handle even a larger number of constraint equations.

Scratch Files Created by FastFRS are Now Deleted at the End of the Run

In the past, the FastFRS scratch files remained in the directory and had to be removed by the user. Now, the scratch files created by FastFRS are deleted at the end of the run.

Disk Space Estimate Improved for Modal Analysis

Previously, the disk space estimate for modal Frequency Response and Transient Analysis was based on just 20 modes, if the number of modes was not specified on the EIGRL/EIGRA data. Now the default is 1000 modes. In addition, PARAM,NUMEG can be used to specify the estimated number of modes. This estimated number of modes is used to determine the disk space usage.

Support of Platform MPI Version 8 on Windows

RADIOSS will now run MPI parallel on Windows machines that have Platform MPI version 8.

Element Types, Properties, and Materials Can Now be Used to Define Sets of Grids Using Bulk Data SET

The Bulk Data SET definition can include element types (PLOTEL, CBEAM, etc.), property types, and materials to define a set of GRID points associated with those elements, properties, or materials.

RIGID Option for Stiffness Entry on Bushing Property Definition

A new keyword option has been added for stiffness entries on PBUSH property definition.

Instead of entering a real value for any of the stiffness components, the user may now enter the keyword RIGID.

When RIGID is entered, a very high relative stiffness value (quasi-rigid) is used for that stiffness component.

Improved SMP Parallelization for Iterative PCG Solver

Improvements were made to the performance of shared memory parallelization for the iterative PCG solver.

Solver Run Manager GUI

Several enhancements have been made to the HyperWorks Solver Run Manager GUI.

● Checkboxes were added to facilitate SMP and SPMD parallel runs.



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● GUI will remember options used for Bulk Data input and Block input separately, and based on the selected input file type the appropriate previously used options will be selected and displayed.

● Added a “Results” button that appears once the job has completed. This button will launch HyperView and load the resulting .mvw file. There are also additional options under the View menu, to view the resulting .html summary file and the resulting .h3d results file.

New Parameters

● PARAM,CMSALOD: PARAM,CMSALOD is used control the use of the H3DDMIG and PUNCH DMIG mass matrices when generating RFORCE and GRAV loads. The default is YES.

● PARAM,RENUMOK: PARAM,RENUMOK is used turn on automatic renumbering of inside out solid elements. It is preferable to load the model into HyperMesh and then export it to get the grid number sequence to be correct.

New SYSSETTINGS Entries

● DUPTOL=0,1,2,3,4,5: In addition to setting with PARAM data, DUPTOL can now be used with SYSSETTING to specify the number of significant digits to ignore when checking for duplicate GRID and CORDx data.

● SAVEFILE=ALL: The new command SYSSETTING(SAVEFILE=ALL) will save the previous run’s results files (.h3d, .op2, .pch, etc.) by renaming the old file with a numeric extension, which is currently done with the .stat and .out files.


Update: Controls the behavior of the input update feature where an external file can be selected to update input definitions in the current file (ASSIGN,UPDATE).

New Solution Control Entries

AUTOSPC: Replaces the AUTOSPC and PRGPST PARAM data.


P2GSUB: Used to specify a specific loading vector to be pulled from DMIG data and applied as a load in a single SUBCASE. For example, to apply the second load vector of DMIG PAX in a specific SUBCASE, use P2GSUB=PAX(2) data in that SUBCASE.

PBEAML Can be Used with HyperBeam

In addition to PBARL, PBEAML can now be used with HyperBeam.

Duplicate Property and Material Data is Allowed

Duplicated property and material data is now allowed in the input data.




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● GENEL: Used to define a general finite element stiffness matrix to be added to the analysis.

● METADATA / ENDMETADATA: The content between the keywords METADATA and ENDMETADATA in the input file is written to the <basename>_metadata.xml file. This allows passing of metadata information seamlessly through the solver. METADATA/ENDMETADATA pairs can exist in both the Solution Control Section, as well as the Bulk Data section of the input file.

● MAT9ORT: A solid anisotropic material definition using engineering properties rather than stiffness matrix input.

Enhanced PARAM Entries

DUPTOL: PARAM,DUPTOL can now use values from 0-5 to specify how many significant digits to ignore when checking for duplicate GRID and CORDx data.

Enhanced I/O Option Entries

● OUTPUT: CMS Super Element results output can be controlled by SET data using DMIGSET.

● MSGLMT: Setting the limit for any message to NONE is a special case - it will prevent the message from being printed.

● MSGLMT: Setting the limit for any message to 1 is a special case - it will prevent any information about consecutive occurrences to be registered and counted.

● ASSIGN: Added UPDATE option to reference updated property input.

● SYSSETTING: Added H3DVTAG option.

Enhanced Solution Control Entries

● AUTOSPC(PUNCH): The PUNCH option on the AUTOSPC data will initiate the generation of a _spc.pch file that contains SPC/SPC1 data for the AUTOSPC DOF for each SUBCASE.

● SOLVTYP SOLVER AUTO option: The AUTO option has been added to the SOLVTYP SOLVER data. This option causes RADIOSS to automatically choose between the direct and iterative solver to be used as the solver for linear static and geometric nonlinear analysis.


● CELAS4: Structural Damping (GE) and a stress recovery factor (S) can now be specified.

● PSHELL, CQUAD4, CTRIA3, CQUAD8, and CTRIA6: In addition to the actual offset distance, the ZOFFS data can be set to keywords TOP and BOTTOM to offset the plate elements by ½ of their thickness in the appropriate direction.

● DTI,UNITS: Expanded the set of available units.

● PBUSH: Added RIGID keyword option for stiffness.

● XHIST: Added DDTHM field, allowing output time step control for individual XHIST requests.

● XHIST: Expanded the available types, adding BAR, BEAM and ROD.

● SOLVTYPE: Added the MUMPS solver type.



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Resolved Issues

● The signs of the MPC Force had been reversed in the .op2 results file.

● The mass on the PBUSH1D was ignored.

● Error Termination When Unused Property References a Non-existing Material: We no longer terminate that solution when an unused property references a non-existing material. Instead we just issue a warning. RADIOSS for Crash and Safety (Block Format)

Tied Contact with Penalty Formulation (Spotflag=25)

Tied contact with penalty formulation resolves incompatible kinematic conditions on slave nodes. For example a slave node might have 2 master surfaces, or belong simultaneously to tied interface and to a rigid body, or any other kinematic condition, like boundaries conditions, imposed displacement, etc.

Tied Contact with Rupture (Spotflag from 20 to 22)

Rupture is enabled inside tied contact (kinematic formulation). Maximum force in the contact can be defined separately in normal and tangential direction with two curves:

1. Tensile stress versus normal elongation 2. Shear stress versus tangential displacement

Rupture is defined accordingly with maximal normal elongation and/or maximal tangential displacement.

Limitations: not compatible with /DT/NODA/CST.

HEPH Improved Hourglass Control

HEPH is an under-integrated element in which the hourglass stiffness is computed for the actual stress state, as opposite to the elastic modulus. This makes it a very efficient and stable element for elasto-plastic materials, but with some limitations for materials like rubber, foams, etc. when we go to the highly nonlinear portion of stress-strain curve.

Augmented hourglass formulation computes hourglass stiffness directly on the stress-strain curve prescribed at the material input level. It is available both for:

● rubber like materials, hyper-elastic and hyper-viscoelastic materials (LAW42, 62, 69, 82)

● viscoelastic foam materials (LAW38) Joints

There is a new penalty joint with simplified input and augmented robustness. Input is based on new property (/PROP/KJOINT2) and a new spring defined with 2 to 6 nodes. Joints skews definition is very simple, as it is based on spring nodes. Joints stiffness can be defined by user, or computed automatically (default).

Supported types are: cylindrical, revolute, translational, spherical, rigid, free, planar, and Oldham.

Optional features: friction, stop angles, blocking/unblocking thru sensors, automatic stiffness computations in the fixed directions, etc.

Note: Universal Joint will be supported in next patch (12.0.210)



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Crushable Beam (/PROP/TYPE44)

2 nodes spring element which crushing behavior is prescribed through functions (loading and unloading). It can replace beam type structures, for quick solutions in parametric/optimization studies.

Springs and Beams

New options are available for spring TYPE4, TYPE8, TYPE12, TYPE13 and TYPE25.

● Damping can be prescribed as a function of the deformation speed.

● New hardening flags with (1) isotropic hardening and nonlinear unloading (2) elastic hysteresis

Transformations and Rotations of Submodels

Automatic positioning of submodels has been improved by supporting transformations and rotations for all options, including the ones which input is not based on nodes (like vectors, orthotropic properties, initial/boundary conditions, rigid walls, boxes, etc).

Airbags

Several enhancements to improve results quality and solution robustness: 1. /LEAK/MAT: defines porosity for fabric materials (both LAW19 and LAW58). Several leakage

models available, including dependence of pore size on airbag over-pressure. 2. /MONVOL/FVMBAG1: Injector properties can be defined referring to /PROP/INJECT card (as for

/AIRBAG1); gas mixtures and properties can be prescribed referring to /MAT/GAS cards. 3. /MONVOL/FVMBAG and /MONVOL/FVMBAG1: FVM mesh can be applied on the reference

geometry (flag Iref). This is currently compatible with /REFSTA only (not yet with XREF). 4. Dt min flag (/INTER/TYPE7, 11, 19): in case the time step is fixed by an impacted node, the

same is removed from the selected contact interface. It is equivalent to /DT/INTER/DEL defined in the Engine file, but it acts on a single interface only.

5. /LAW58 and /LAW19: sensor activation for reference metrics (flag Isens), in case inflation occurs at time>0.

RADIOSS for Metal Forming (Block Format)

AMS Compatibility with Mesh Adaptivity

Adaptive mesh is a common practice in Metal Forming applications. The Advanced Mass Scaling technique in combination with mesh adaptivity, significantly reduces the elapsed time.

Contact TYPE21

● New input: Rigid bodies can be coupled with TYPE21; this allows higher usage flexibility

● Support of thermal radiation.

● Heat conductance depending on contact pressure.

● Limitation of the friction force with reference to shear stress. Material LAW78



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This is the Yoshida-Uemori material law; it provides higher accuracy for spring-back prediction for metal forming applications. It takes into account Bauschinger and cyclic hardening effects.

Initialization of Stress/Strains (Reading & Output) for Brick Elements

/STATE/BRICK/STRAIN/GLOBFULL and /STATE/BRICK/STRESS/GLOBFULL

● Applies initial strain/stress state in global reference system /INIBRI/STRA_FGLO and /INIBRI/STRS_FGLO

● Initial strain/stress for orthotropic materials (output in global coordinate system) /STATE/BRICK and PID22

● Applies an initial strain/stress state in the global reference system. Initialization of Nodal Temperature (Reading & Output)

/STATE/NODE/TEMP

/INI/NODE/TEMP RADIOSS for Blast Simulation (Block Format)

Material LAW5

This is JWL material law. New flag “Eadd” allows to treat after burning energy produced by some explosives.

Material LAW51

Qa, Qb and hourglass coefficient can now be defined at the PID level for the corresponding part. This improvement ensures the results consistency between LAW5 and LAW6.

Material LAW79

This material law describes the behavior of brittle materials such as ceramics and glass. The implementation is the second Johnson-Holmquist model.

/TH/BRIC/BFRAC

Burn fraction output for LAW51. RADIOSS - General (Block Format)

Time Step Control for Contact Interfaces (Advanced Mass Scaling)

Time step control for contact interfaces (Types 7, 10, 11, 19 and 20) switch to AMS. No mass is added during the computation. It’s effective anytime the time step is bounded by the contact interface.

Limitations: not compatible with /DT/NODA.

/INTER/TYPE7



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Initial Penetration Treatment - New flag Fpenmax deactivates node stiffness, whatever the value of INACTI flag, if % of penetration into the gap is larger than prescribed value.

/INTER/TYPE7, TYPE11 and TYPE19

Dtmin flag can be activated for each individual contact; contact stiffness on nodes which are limiting time step is deactivated. It behaves same as the /DT/INTER/DEL available at Engine level for all contacts.

/INTER/TYPE7, TYPE10, TYPE11, TYPE19 and TYPE20

Automatic memory resizing; MultiMP user input is no longer required and it is ignored.

Material LAW2 (Johnson-Cook)

New formulation with kinematic hardening based on Ziegler-Prager model, is available. Accuracy is improved specially when material is subjected to cyclic loading-unloading, as Bauschinger effect is taken into account. Mixed mode hardening (full isotropic/kinematic) is also available.

Material LAW25 (Composite)

Max plastic work per ply and per direction.

Solid Elements

Navier Stokes viscosity model is available for all material laws.

Pressure Loads

Simplified pressure effects modeling on a lagrangian structure. It can be applied to emulate static and fluid-dynamic loadings. For example, hydrostatic pressure, air-flow pressure, etc.

Centrifugal Loads

Prescribes acceleration fields for rotating structures such as propeller blades, turbines, etc. Centrifugal loads can be computed using either linear or nonlinear solution (block format). Typical application is centrifugal loads initialization (implicit) of propeller blades before bird strike (explicit).

/INIVEL/AXIS (Starter)

Initialize both translational and rotational velocities on a group of nodes in a given coordinate system; the axis is defined using a frame.

/INIV/AXIS (Engine)

Initialization of both rotational velocity about an axis and translational velocity is enabled in the engine file also; it allows initializing velocities using an existing restart file (for example after gravity settings run).

Cylindrical Coordinate System



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It simplifies the input for axi-symmetric imposed displacements, velocities and accelerations, etc. Available within fixed/moving skew and frames.

Input Parameterization

Supported parameters are: integers, reals, text and mathematical expressions, using Templex from HyperWorks.

Model Sensitivity (/DAMP/INTER)

Knowing and managing model sensitivity is of primary interest to ensure accuracy and quality numerical results analyses. One simple example is evaluation of design changes: it is actually hazardous to conclude if a design change is effective or not without knowing the amplitude and position of the sensitivity corridor (generated by some noise). In other words, the design change may have an effect which is lower (or not) than the one produced by just some noise in the model.

In explicit computations, contact has been identified as one of the critical numerical treatments generating results scatter; fine tuning of contact algorithms, and in particular damping the rotational degree of freedom of a node during the time in which it is subjected to contact, allows to manage results scatter induced by numerical noise.

Single Precision

Improved performance for the Extended Single Precision version.

Starter Parallelization (SMP)

Starter SMP parallelization has been achieved. Parallel Starter mode is activated using the same environment variables as Engine or by command line, using –nthread (-nt) option.

Engine Parallel Performance (SPMD)

Contact TYPE7 improved scalability; the larger the model, the better the scalability improvement (or solution speed if using same number of cores).

SPH INLET & OUTLET Parallelization (SPMD)

Massive SPH models (10M+ particles) can be resolved. Enables the SPH technique to solve complex transient problems in different application fields, such as Fluid Dynamics, Fluid Structure Interaction, etc. The maximum number of neighboring particles to be computed can be defined; setting it to a lower value than the maximum number to be stored, allows the reduction of the sorting frequency in some extreme situations.

Limitations: /SPH/INLET is not /PARITH/ON compatible yet.

GPU Support for Implicit Iterative Solver (Hybrid Intel MPI)

Supported on Nvidia Tesla under Linux64.

Anim Output



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● /ANIM/SHELL/PHI and /ANIM/SHELL/PHI/n - Output of first orthotropy direction for composite shells.

● /ANIM/VECT/FREAC and /ANIM/VECT/MREAC - Output of reaction forces and moments in animation files on nodes with boundary conditions, imposed velocities, displacements and accelerations.

/ANIM/NODA/DAMA2

Damage output for interface TYPE2.

Time History Output

/TH/NODE/REAC - Compatible with /IMPVEL, /IMPDISP, and /IMPACC

ABF (Altair Binary Format) Output

Time history data can be generated in ABF native format by ABFconverter program; it might be useful to plot new TH variables, eventually not supported yet by HyperGraph.

Note: If you want to run ABF converter without using Altair scripts, you can either copy ABF converter in working directory or set ABF_PATH environment variable.

Engine Messages

/FAIL/HASHIN - Clarifications of the rupture message.



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Documents

HyperWorks Release Notes...HyperWorks Solvers 1 2.0.224 Release Notes Proprietary Information of Altair Engineering 3 HyperWorks Solvers 12.0.223 Release Notes RADIOSS This is mainly