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Rapid and Extensive Debromination of Brominated Flame Retardants in Thermophilic Municipal Wastewater Digesters Ke Yin, Jayashree Jayaraj , Kelly Granberg and Karl Rockne* Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Rapid and Extensive Debromination of Brominated Flame Retardants in Thermophilic Municipal Wastewater Digesters
Ke Yin, Jayashree Jayaraj , Kelly Granberg and Karl Rockne*Department of Civil and Materials Engineering, University of Illinois at Chicago
HYPOTHESIS: Reductive dehalogenation of Deca and other PBDEs in sewage sludge will be extensive
Technical Approach
Anaerobic digester sludge sampled from two WWTPs:Calumet (CWRP)– Heavy industrial + domestic wasteWoodridge Green Valley (WGV)– Domestic waste only
Analyzed 49 PBDEs by mass spectrometry-NCI Debromination rate in continuously mixed flow reactor:
At Steady state:At Steady state:
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Dis Tris Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona
BDE fraction
Nor
mal
ized
To B
DE2
09
PF-CWRP PD-CWRPSF-CWRP SD-CWRP
0.00001
0.0001
0.001
0.01
0.1
1
Dis Tris Tetra Penta Hexa Hepta Octa Nona
BDE fraction
Nor
mal
ized
To B
DE20
9
PF-WGV MF-WGVSF-WGV SC-WGV
Figure 1. Total BDE homolog concentrations normalized to deca BDE in the CWRP (left) and WGV (right) digesters at different locations in the plant. Shown are groupings of dibromo diphenyl ethers through nonabromo diphenyl ethers in primary digester feed (PF), primary digester draw (PD, CWRP only), secondary (methanogenic) digester feed (SF), secondary (methanogenic) digester effluent (SD) and sludge cake (SC, WGV only) samples. Note log scale on the y axis.
Key Achievements & Future Goals
PBDEs are much higher in domestic wastewater!Deca BDE-209 is rapidly debrominated
Kinetic rate of 0.34 day-1 at WGVHighest rate ever reported (100x higher!)Extensive removal in only 10 d
The first report of lower brominated PBDEs being debrominated in the WWTPsBanning Octa and Penta technical product will not eliminate their presence in the environmentContinued use of Deca may still release bioavailable and toxic lower brominated BDEs into the environment
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs)Used as flame retardants in textiles, electronics and furniture industries with up to 10 Br per moleculeConsumer products decompose and end up in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs)Deca (10 Br atoms) is relatively non-toxic to humansOcta and Penta product more bioavailable and toxic
Banned by the European Union and CaliforniaVoluntary ban by US manufacturers
Deca is still used in electronics and other plasticsHOWEVER: Halogenated compounds CAN BE DEHALOGENATED by anaerobic bacteria
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