I. Evidence of very early life in China Agricultural Rev. gave
rise to civilization in China
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II.Oracle Bones Priests would write questions from the rulers
on sheep or goat bones. The bones were heated and cracked. The
priests would then interpret the cracks. These interpretations were
the wishes of the gods.
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III. Mandate of Heaven
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The Mandate of Heaven is based on four principles: 1.The right
to rule is granted by Heaven. 2.There is only one Heaven therefore
there can be only one ruler. 3.The right to rule is based on the
virtue of the ruler. 4.The right to rule is not limited to one
dynasty. Here are some of the ways these principles converted into
action and justification: It gives the ruler prestige and religious
importance. It gives the ruler supreme power. quickly It allows a
new ruler to gain power quickly if the people believe he has the
'Mandate of Heaven'. 'Mandate of Heaven'. A ruler's power must be
kept in check by virtue. Mandate of Heaven justifies rebellion The
Mandate of Heaven justifies rebellion as long as the rebellion is
successful. Simply because it was successful, obviously then, the
new ruler had to have had a Mandate from Heaven.
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IV.
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V. Early Societies and the role of the Emperor
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VI. Three philosophies develop in this time period Confucianism
Confucianism Daoism Daoism Legalism Legalism These have a huge
impact on social and political culture in China!!!
http://www.slideshare.net/e ben_cooke/3-chinese-belief-
systems
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Chinese Philosophies Confucianism,Daoism, Legalism and Buddhism
Buddhism
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Kong Fuzi lived 551-479 BCE Kong Fuzi lived 551-479 BCE A time
of warfare and unrest A time of warfare and unrest Focus: The
Importance of How People Relate to One Another Focus: The
Importance of How People Relate to One Another Education overcomes
ignorance Education overcomes ignorance People are good People are
good Ideal ruler is an educated, moral person who guides society by
good example. Ideal ruler is an educated, moral person who guides
society by good example.
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Five Relationships Confucianism stresses loyalty, courtesy,
hard work, and service. In most of the relationships, the inferior
person would eventually become the superior and would be
responsible for another inferior, so education held a important
place in society. Confucianism stresses loyalty, courtesy, hard
work, and service. In most of the relationships, the inferior
person would eventually become the superior and would be
responsible for another inferior, so education held a important
place in society. Ruler to subject Father to son Husband to wife
Older brother to younger brother (The above are unequal
relationships) Friend to Friend (based on love and mutual
respect)
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Filial Piety Duties and obligations to ancestors and paren t s
Mulan- Mulan- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIsySZpH1DQ
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIsySZpH1DQ
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Daoism Lao Tzu lived around 604 BCE. Little known. Lao Tzu
lived around 604 BCE. Little known. Harmony created if people
follow THE DAO. Harmony created if people follow THE DAO. THE WAY
is the life force of all natural things. THE WAY is the life force
of all natural things. Yin and Yang are complementary principles.
Yin and Yang are complementary principles. Nonaction, simplicity,
humility, quiet, plainness, and peace emphasized. Nonaction,
simplicity, humility, quiet, plainness, and peace emphasized. The
way The way https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0H_svmBr0Sg
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0H_svmBr0Sg
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Tai Chi on the Bund in Shanghai
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Daoism stresses harmony with nature, Confucianism stresses
harmony between people.
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Legalism Attributed to HanFeizi (280-233 BCE) Attributed to
HanFeizi (280-233 BCE) Persecuted Confucian scholars and gave
philosophy a bad name Persecuted Confucian scholars and gave
philosophy a bad name People are naturally evil. People are
naturally evil. They are motivated by fear and greed.They are
motivated by fear and greed. Punishment/Reward is necessary to
control behavior. Punishment/Reward is necessary to control
behavior. Severe punishment is necessary to prevent undesirable
behavior. (Death penalty) Severe punishment is necessary to prevent
undesirable behavior. (Death penalty)
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Legalism (continued) There is no absolute right or wrong. Laws
replace morality. There is no absolute right or wrong. Laws replace
morality. Government should be based on world as it exists. (Reject
tradition and supernatural) Government should be based on world as
it exists. (Reject tradition and supernatural) Good ruler maintains
and expands borders. He uses laws, rewards and punishments Good
ruler maintains and expands borders. He uses laws, rewards and
punishments
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Buddhism Spread from India in 1 st Century CE Not concerned
with governing but with individual behavior. Controls all aspects
of daily life A Buddhist doesnt eat meat, kill, believes in
rebirth, and believes that how a person lives affects his future
existence.