I General

Irene Collins

Bibliographies, directories The bibliographical event of the year is the publication by Oxford University Press at €20 of E. B. Graves (ed.), A Bibliography of English History to 1488, a massive work of scholarship, comprehensive to 1970, and covering public records, local records and cartularies as well as printed material. Students of religious history have been well served by Derek Baker, who has edited both The Bibliography of the Reform 1450-1648 relating to the United Kingdom and Ireland for the years 1955-70 (a handlist of publications on the Catholic and Protestant Reformations, Oxford: Blackwell, €7.50) and volume XI of Studies in Church History, The Materials, Sources and Methods of Ecclesiastical History (Oxford: Blackwell, €10) which contains, inter alia, articles on the resources lying untapped in diocesan records, the sources for Welsh church history, the records of ecclesiastical courts 1300-1500, and 19th century parish records. The Church Information Office has published A Report and Survey setting out the nature and extent of the central management and policy-making bodies of the church (available from Church House, Dean’s Yard, London SW1, €3). A review article by A. H. C. Davis in History Ix describes the origins, furtunes and publications of ‘Record Societies in England.’ Patricia Hudson, The West Riding Wool Textile Industry: a catalogue of business recordsjiom the 16th to the Wth century (Edington, Wiltshire: Pasold Research Fund Ltd. €10.50) constitutes something new in business history - a catalogue covering all the archives of a major industry. Despite the sub-title, the great bulk of material dates from the Industrial Revolution. David Knight, Sourcesfir the History of Science, 1660-1944 (Ithaca: Cornell U.P.$11) concentrates heavily on 19th century Britain, listing journals, books, MSS. and physical objects. J. L. Tobey has made a beginning upon a very complex field, the bibliography of the History of Ideas, vol. 1: Classical Antiquity (Clio, B.25); further volumes are promised in 1976. A. S. Birkas and L. A. Tambs list 1,250 publications dealing with Historiography, Method, History Teaching: a bibliography of books and articles in English, 1965-73 (Hamden, Conn: Linnet BOOks,$7.%). Local Historian xi has two articles, by P. Cadell and R. K. Marshall respectively, on ‘Sources for Scottish local history’, the one referring to the National Library of Scotland and the other to the Scottish National Portrait Gallery. M. I... Parry in Scottish Studies xix looks at ‘County Maps as historical sources: a sequence of surveys in S.E. Scotland.’ The Records ofGennan History, ed. Carl Haase (Boppard: Harald Boldt Verlag, DM 18) is a comprehensive guide (in German) to archive deposrtaries and libraries in Austria, E. Germany, and the Federal Republic. A revised International Directory of Archives occupies a double volume of Archivum, xxii-xxiii, listing addresses, telephone numbers and opening hours of 2,515 archive repositaries throughout the world, with brief lists of the major holdings.

Statlstica, chronologies, n y B. R. Mitchell, European Historical Statistics, 1750-1970 (Macmrllan €24) is an outstanding achievement: a compilation of comparative historical data for all European countries (including Britain) over a period of two centuries, classified under climate, population, labour force, agriculture, industry, external trade, 4

communications, finance, prices, education and national accounts. All university and other major libraries will need a copy. Of two new chronologies, the first will be preferred by some readers as being the less Americandentated: G. S. P. Freeman-Grenville, Chronology of World History (Rex Collings €151, and B. Grunn, The Timetables of History: a chronology of world events based on Werner Stein’s ‘KultuTfahrplan’ (Thames & Hudson €9.50). Neville Williams,Chronology ofthe Modem World, 1763-1965 (Penguin €1.95) is a revised edition of a work first published in 1966. Christopher Lloyd, Atlas of Maritime History (Hamlyn €10) ranges from Ancient Greece to present day U.S.A. and, like Eric Newby, World Atlas of Exploration: a 4000 year journey in the company of heroes (Mitchell Beazley, €10.50) may be described as good popular work. P. McNeill and R. Nicholson (ed.), Historical Atlas ofScotland c. 400-1600 is a scholarly work containing 103 pages of text and 110 pages of maps printed by offset-litho at the modest cost of €2.60, obtainable post-free from the Department of Medieval History, University of St. Andrews, Fife.

Method, aims, philosophy of history lxxx has two articles on quantitative history, one by C. Erickson reviewing recent work and the other by R. W. Fogel complaining that quantification has so far been used to supplement other sources rather than to transform history writing. Annales E.S.C. xxx has articles by C. Moraze and others on the methodology of the history of science in relation to general history, L. Valensi and others urging closer connections between anthropology and history, and M. Terisse giving Some suggestions for medievalist demographers. The Journal of Modem History xlvii devotes the whole of its second number to various aspects of ‘psycho-history’. D. H. Porter discusses ‘History as Process’ in History and Theory xiv. J. Hurstfield in a pamphlet version of his John Cofin Memorial Lecture, The Historian as Moralist: reflections on the study of Tudor England (Athlone, 65p) reaches conclusions which a@ly to all periods. Peter Gay illuminates the function of Style in History (Cape €6) by investigating the art of four great historians, Gibbon, Ranke, Macaulay and Burkhardt. The third part of The HistoricalEssays of Otto Hintze (ed. Felix Gilbert, O.U.P. €7.50) contains extracts from the views of this important German historian on the subject of method: the rest of the collection illustrates his work on 18th century Prussia and on comparative administrative history. Hegel’s philosophy of history is expounded in a useful little book by G. D. O’Brien, Hegel on Reason and Histoly (Chicago U.P. fS.05). Bernard Lewis in History: remembered, recovered, invented (Princeton U.P. €3.45) uses examples from his vast store of knowledge of Middle East history to show how societies have supplied themselves with ‘usable’ history. M. I. Finley, Use and Abuse of History relates to ancient history and is warmly recommended on p. 8 below.

Ideas, parliament, cultrual history Among several works on Hume, Duncan Forbes, Nume’s Philosophical Politics (C.U.P. €9.90) will probably have most appeal to historians. Anyone at all interested in M a n will welcome the appearance at last in English translation of the Collected Works of Marx and Engels: volumes 1-4, taking the collection up to 1845, appeared during 1975 (Lawrence ti Wishart, f3 per vol.). Michael Evans, Karl M a n (Allen & Unwin, €4.50, pbk €2.20) and R. N. Hunt, The politicalldeas of Marx and Engeh, vol. 1: Marxism and Totalitarinn

The American Historical Review

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democracy 1818-50 (Macmillan €6.95) are both scholarly in their way, and both deal with the ‘historical’ Man , the former being more suitable for beginners. T h e theme of J. G. A. Pocock’s book with the fascinating title of The Machiavellian Moment is explained on p 48 J. T. Johnson, Ideologv, Reason and the Limitation of War: religious and secular concepts 1200-1740 (Princeton U.P. E6.60) pursues the theme of the ‘just’ war, and may be compared with F. H. Russell’s discussion of the same theme over a shorter period (p. 22). The usefulness of A. R. Myers, Parliaments and Estates in Europe to 1789 (Thames & Hudson €3.50, pbk €1.50) is demonstrated by its appearance in several sections of this Bulletin. Lawrence Stone has edited a collection of research papers, uneven in quality, under the title The University in Society. Vol. 1 deals with Oxford and Cambridge from the 14th to the early 19th century, and vol. 2 with Europe and the United States from the 16th to the 20th century (O.U.P. E13.50 the set). A. L. Rowse in Oxford in the History of the Nation (Weidenfeld & Nicolson €4.50) has in fact little to say about the effect of Oxford on the nation but writes with enthusiasm about its great scholars and splendid architecture. Harry Carter, A Histoy of the Oxford University Press, vol. 1: To theyear I780 (O.U.P. €15) is a beautifully produced book, packed with unusual information. Perhaps even more beautiful is L ’Art du livre d I’Imprimerie nationale (Paris: Imp. nat. 1974, Fr 250). Although mainly concerned with typography, there are many interesting sidelights on general history from the 15th century onwards.

Ecenomic, social, local history The Economic History Review nix has a list of books and articles published during 1975 on the economic and social history of Great Britain and Ireland. It includes mention of S. G. E. Lythe and J. Butt, An economic history of Scotland 1100-1939 (Blackie €6.50) which the present writer has not yet seen. R. N. Millman, The Making of the Scottish landscape (Batsford €5) follows W. G. Hoskin’s famous model, but draws mainly on published work. R. Millward and A. Robinson, The Peak District (Eyre Methuen, pbk €3.95) is a scholarly and readable contribution to a historical geography series, entitled The Regions of Britain. R. H. Kinvig, The Isle of Man. a social. cultural and political history (Liverpool U.P. f5) is a new edition, completely revised by the author after his retirement from the Chair of Geography at Birmingham, of a work first published by O.U.P. in 1944. Using a much wider canvas, F. E. Huggett in The Land Question and European Society (Thames & Hudson €3.50, pbk €1.50) ranges over the whole of Europe from the Middle Ages to the present in order to discuss the effect of changes in land ownership and farming methods on European society as a whole, an important theme which would repay closer study. A small area of the canvas may be said to have come under the microscope in T. W. Beastall’s study of A North C o u n q Estate: the Lumleys and Saundersons as landowners, 1600-1900 (Chichester: Philimore, E4.50). Agricultural methods and rural society in Europe from ancient to capitalist times are jointly the subject of 25 essays collected under the title Ethnologie et histoixfirces productives et probl2rnes de transition (Mklanges Charles Parain. P a r k Editions sociales, Fr 120). Turning &om agriculture to industry, W. W. Rostow in How it all began. origins of the modem economy (Methuen E5.90, pbk $2.90) includes N. America and the Far East as well as Europe in his study, which deals with the 16th-18th century ‘precondition’ stage of the Industrial Revolution rather than the more 6

popular ‘take-off. His book will be useful for students. The eleven chapters of War and economic development: essays in memory of David JosIin (C.U.P. €7.50) range from the late Middle Ages to the Second World War: all deal with Europe and seven of them with Britain. The Victoria County History of WiZtshire, vol. x has appeared (O.U.P. €27). An unusual kind of local history comes from J. J. Bagiley in Lancashire Diarists: three centuries of Lancashire Lives (Phillimore €4.751, an enjoyable book which illustrates life in the County Palatine in the :17th, 18th, and early-19th centuries, and, looking further afield, from J. C. Davis, A Venetian famiZy and itsfortune, 1500-1900: the Don2 and the conservation of their weaZth (Philadelphia: Amer.Phil.Soc. $6.50) which uses an unusually comprehensive set of family papers to show how the family’s patrimony remained intact for four centuries.

General The year saw the appearance of the Journal of Medieval History, edited by Richard Vaughan and published quarterly by the North Holland Publishing Co. (libraries €16, private €5). The contents will be devoted exclusively to Europe, and though1 mainly written in English will occasionally contain an article in French or German. Among writers on general themes, Perry Anderson hlas produced two books reinterpreting world history in accordance with Marxist doctrine: Passages from Antiquity to Feudalism and Lineages of the Absolutist State (New Left Books, €5 and €8.50). The jargon is formidable, but both are based on a wide knowledge of secondary sources. Ervin Pamlenyi has edited A History of Hungary (distr. by Collett’s, €4.93, written by seven Hungarian historians and translated and printed in Hungary: an interesting book, not too greatly marred by the intellectual standpoint. A. H. Hermann, A Histo ry of the Czechs (Allen Lane €6) is a sound introduction to the subject.

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