I had gone in market. I had seen these different vegetables and fruits

Hi I am Ram

Why we all living organisms require to eat food ?

(List atleast 3 reasons in your worksheet)

1) _____________________________________

_______

2) _____________________________________

_______

3) _____________________________________

_______Check for answer here

Ram is Thinking!!

Name some crops which are grown in India?

(List atleast five in worksheet )

ANSWER

1. Wheat2. Rice3. Maize4. Jowar5. Bajra6. soyabean

------------------------------------------------------------

What we get from cereals?

Carbohydrate

Protein

Fats

Vitamins

Wheat Rice(click on the correct option )

Click here to see more cereals

What we get from pulses?

Carbohydrate

Protein

Fats

Vitamins

(click on the correct option )Gram (Chana) Pea (Matar)

Click here to see more pulse

What we get from oilseeds?

Carbohydrate

Protein

Fats

Vitamins

(click on the correct option )Soyabean Ground nut

Click here to see more oilseeds

LET US SEE SOME FESTIVALS OF INDIA

Hey ! while reading book on festivals of India , I found some

interesting festivals

•Pongal: celebrated by the Tamil people in Tamil Nadu 

•Puthari/Huthari : Coorg, Karnataka (south India) ,• in the month of November or December.

•Sankranthi or Makar Sankranti: southern part of India •On 14 January

•Lohri: celebrated in North India esp. Punjab •on the 13th day of January

•Onam celebrated by Malayali people in Kerala (India) . •month of August

•Kanyarkali festival of the Malayalee Moothan, Nair and Tharakan communities of Chittur and Alathur thaluks of Palakkad in Kerala, India.

Bhogali Bihu: (or Magh Bihu) is a harvest festival celebrated in Assam which marks the end of harvesting season in mid-January.

What type of festival these are called? (list on your worksheet )

What do you meant by harvest festival? Is there any relation between these

festivals and crops?

(list on the worksheet)

Festival occurring prior or after harvesting of crops are called as

harvest festivalsYes ,These all festivals are related to

harvesting of crops

This all are related to agricultural crops

Which are the different harvest festivals celebrated in India ?

(list atleast three on the worksheet)

1. ---------------

2. ---------------

3. ---------------

4. ---------------

5. ---------------

1. Pongal

2. Lohri

3. Onam

4. Bhogali Bihu

5. Puthari/Huthari

6. Sankranti

This all are related to agricultural crops

What are the 3 basic requirement for growth of crop?

for their Growth and Completion of their Life cycle

1) climatic conditions

2) temperature

3) Exposure to sunlight i.e. photoperiods

(list on your worksheet )

RABI CROPS

Grown in winter season

From November to April

E.g. Wheat, Gram, Peas, Mustard,

Linseed

KHARIF CROPS

Grown in rainy season

From month of June to October

E.g. Paddy, Soyabean, Maize, Cotton, Green

gram etc

CROPS

What is meant by kharif crop ?

(Write answer on worksheet )

What is meant by rabi crop ?

(Write answer on worksheet )

For answer click here

Let us see different types of kharif and

rabi crops

KHARIF CROPS

Maize SoyabeanPaddy

Cotton Urid  Ground Nut

RABI CROPS

Gram Potato

Mustard Oat 

Wheat

Coriander

Major seed producing state of India are shown along with rabi and kharif crops

Let us now see map of India

Observe very

carefully

(list any 5 on the worksheet )

Which are the kharif and rabi crop found in state of Maharashtra?

(list on the worksheet )

Which are the major seed producing states of India ? (any 5 )

What type of crop is grown in Orissa?

In Rajasthan which type of crops are mainly grown?

(list on the worksheet )

(list on the worksheet )

Which type of crops are grown in Karnataka

(list on the worksheet )

To check answer click here

To view map click here

Maharashtra , Karnataka ,Uttar Pradesh , Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat

Which are the kharif and rabi crop found in state of Maharashtra?

Kharif crops :- Paddy, Soyabean , groundnut, cottonrabi crops:- jowar

Which are the major seed producing states of India ? (any 5 )

What type of crop is grown in Orissa?

In Rajasthan which type of crops are mainly grown?

Paddy :- kharif crop

Wheat, mustard , gram :- rabi crops

Which type of crops are grown in Karnataka

Kharif crops

Why India is facing problem of shortage of food resources?

•It is because of overpopulation and•Lack of land for farming •Poor seed quality

So how we can meet the food demand?

No scope for increasing the area of land under cultivation

Population increasing

( list two things on worksheet )

The only way is……..

BY IMPROVEMENT IN FOOD RESOURCES

Nutrient management:

There are 16 nutrients which are essential for plants

Nutrients are supplied by air, water and soil

Source Nutrients

Air Carbon, Oxygen

Water Hydrogen, Oxygen

Soil i. Macronutrients: ( in large amount ) Nitrogen, Phosphorus, Potassium, Calcium, Magnesium, Sulphur

ii. Micronutrients:( in small amount ) Iron, Manganese, Boron, Zinc, Copper, Molybdenum, Chlorine

What do you meant by micronutrient?

What do you meant by macronutrient?

( list on worksheet )

( list on worksheet )

Macronutrients :- required in large quantitiesMicronutrients :- required in small quantities

Deficiency of these nutrients in plants affects its growth and make it susceptible to diseases

How we can increase the yield of crop?

By using manure

Fertilisers

Mixed cropping

irrigation

(List 2 things in your worksheet)

1. ---------------

2. ---------------

3. ---------------

4. ---------------

5. ---------------

Now let us see some ways in which

nutrients is supplied to soil in order to

increase the crop yield

MANURE

• Manure is prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste.

• It increases the water holding capacity in sandy soils.

• Using biological waste material is also a way of recycling farm waste

Compost and vermi-compost

Fertilizers

Way of Applying fertiliser in fields

Fertilizers supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium.

Fertilisers should be used wisely or else it creates harm to

environment

CROPPING PATTERNS

Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same piece of land is known as ‘Mixed cropping’

• Mixed cropping

Ex.:- wheat + gram, or wheat + mustard, groundnut + sunflower.

Intercropping of Maize & Flax

Intercropping of Finger Millet & Sugar Cane

Growing two or more crops simultaneously on the same field in a definite pattern is known as ‘Inter-cropping’

INTER-CROPPING

Ex., soyabean + maize, or finger millet (bajra) + cowpea (lobia).

Let us see some weeds commonly seen during kharif

and rabi season

How these weeds are affecting crop yield ?

(list on worksheet )

Click here for answer

Amaranthus viridis (Chauli)

Trianthema (Saathi)Cyperinus rotundus (motha)

Wild sorghum or Jangli jowar

Some ‘Kharif’ season weeds:

Chenopodium album (Bathua)

Convolvulvus pluricaulis (Hirankhuri)

Wild oat (Jangali jaii)

Phalaris (Mandoosi)

Some ‘Rabi’ season weeds:

• Use of pesticides, which include herbicides, insecticides

and fungicides.

• Mechanical removal.

• Use of resistant varieties, and summer ploughing.

How we can control these Weeds?

• Preventive methods such as proper seed bed

preparation, timely sowing of crops, intercropping and

crop rotation

(List atleast 3 ways on the worksheet)

1. ---------------

2. ---------------

3. ---------------

4. ---------------

5. ---------------

EVALUATION

What type of cropping pattern you can see in above picture ‘a’ and b? How this will increase the yield of crop ?

1)

2)

What does fertiliser supplies to the soil ? What is effect of excess use of

fertiliser ?

a) b)

3)Fill in the blanks :-

1) Gram, pea, black gram, lentil are example of _________________2) __________________ are related to duration of sunlight.3) __________________ is growing 2 or more crop simultaneously on

same piece of land

4)Select the odd one from the given list

1) Following are cereals

a)rice, b)castor, c)maize, d)millets

5) Distinguish between kharif and rabi crops ( give 2 points )

kharif crops Rabi crops

6)How we can increase the nutrient content of soil so as to increase the crop yield? ( list any 4 ways )

For answers click here

Thank you