I. New Political Divisions

I. New Political Divisions

A. Brooks Attacks Sumner

1. Preston Brooks beat Charles Sumner on Senate floor because of anti Southern speech he made

B. Political Parties Change1. Republican Party formed – united against spread of

slavery

2. Parties that splita. Democratsb. Whigsc. Know-Nothing

C. Election of 1856

Won by Democrat candidate James Buchanan

First and only President from Pennsylvania!

II. The Dred Scott Decision

A. The Case

1. Dred Scott – a Missouri slave

a. Lived with master in free states and territories

b. Argued that because he lived in free territory he was free

2. Chief Justice - Roger B. Taney

B. 3 Key Issues and Decisions

Issues1. Was Scott a citizen or

property?

2. Did he become free living in a free state?

3. Was the ban on slavery on parts of the LA Territory constitutional?

DecisionNO – African Americans (free or slave) were not citizens

NO – status depended on laws of Missouri

NO – declared Missouri Compromise unconstitutional

III. Lincoln-Douglas Debates

A. The Campaign1. U. S. Senate

seat (Illinois) 2. Debated 7

times in 7/9 districts

3. National press coverage

B. Slavery Platform

1. Lincoln - Republicana. Argued Democrats trying

to spread slavery across nation

b. African Americans entitled to rights listed in Declaration of Independence…

but NOT social or political equals

2. Douglas - Democrata. Said Lincoln thinks African Americans as his “brothers”b. Argued Republican desire for all free states

C. 2nd Debate – Freeport, Illinois

1. Lincolna. Criticized Democrat

contradictory between popular sovereignty and Dred Scott Decision

2. Douglasa. Argued Supreme Court

decision did not matter – people include or exclude

Congress could not ban slavery but gave citizens of that territory right to

ban

Slavery cannot exist unless it is supported

by local police

D. Douglas Freeport Doctrine

People vote for representative

Representative creates legislation

Police enforce legislation

Freeport Doctrine

Therefore…1. Slavery is back in the hands

of American citizens – Americans could ban slavery

2. The people chose the question of slavery by choosing representatives

E. The Election

1. Douglas re-elected

2. Fame from debates helped him

win the 1860 Presidential Election