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INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
For a real integration of Biodiversity in Green Wall conception and maintenance
05/09/2014
National Museum of Natural History of ParisNatural Heritage Service
Sophie COHEN & Philippe [email protected]
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
Purpose : Improve knowledges about nature conservation
Manage databases and give access to informations on the natural heritage
National Inventory of Natural Heritage : http://inpn.mnhn.fr/accueil/index
To identify our structure :
Workforce : actually 90 employees : naturalist, expert, geomatic specialist, …
50 studies or expert assessment/ years Management of 12 national species inventories 14 billions data managed
Natural Heritage Service (SPN)
Manage national scientific programs
Assess the state of conservation of biodiversity : develop standard methods, tools, reference documents…
©P. GOURDAIN
©P. GOURDAIN
©P. GOURDAIN ©P. GOURDAIN
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
Selection of some sites to test ecological index (quarries, landfill sites, etc.)
Monitoring and evaluation after ecological
settlement
Objective: Improve the consideration of biodiversity on company policies
(50)
(77)
(40)
Collection of good practices, scientific overview Action plan on biodiversity
II. Evaluation of scientific issue : Index development
I. Scientific expertise on different sites compagnies and workplaces
Several part of the conventions :
IV. Monitoring of action plans : land settlement etc.
III. Management recommandations
Partnership agreements on biodiversity
©P. GOURDAIN
©GoogleMaps
©P. GOURDAIN
©P. GOURDAIN
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UKBuilding and biodiversity
Approach
• Diversity of species : Fauna and Flora• At local scale
Define positive management measures for biodiversityAssess and monitor the advantages of long-term managements
• How preserve and receive biodiversity in urban context ?
• What kind of biodiversity ?
• How control negative impacts of these activities ?
©S. COHEN©S. COHEN©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UKBuilding and biodiversity
The building Context and Issues
• Overview of the situation : local biodiversity (common and rare), type of project, area ecological functions
• How the site can be placed into the larger surrounding context ?
Site Functionality
Consider the project in a wider area according to the biodiversityWhat actions to what potential benefits ?
©GEOPORTAIL
©GEOPORTAIL
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
• Site permeability : animals displacement
• Site placed into the larger surrounding context : Local biodiversity, connectivity, pedology
• Diversification of species habitat : reproduction, alimentation, all the life cycle (common and rare
biodiversity)
Site Functionality
issues
• Time scale : is it possible to wait for the plant to grow ?
• Aesthetic : can we accept non homogenous green wall?
• Supply of provision : local plants and substrates
Stepping Stones
Building
©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN
©O. DELZONS
©GEOPORTAIL©GEOPORTAIL
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
4 major types of Green Walls
• Young technology : expansion since 2006 Lack of Feedback
Diversity of systems
Few entreprises are working on biodiversity thematic
• Majority of systems are based on aesthetic aspect
• Unclear legal situation : no professional rules
Continuous sheet (Patrick Blanc system )
Climbing plantSubstrate filled metallic cage : system more used in France
Modular planted wall
French context of Green Wall
©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
Plante & Cité, ARRDHOR, 2012 : studies of administrator green wall experience feedback.Few figures (based on 250 wall studied) :
- Small surface : 75% < 50 m²- strong investment : 300 < 700 < 1500 € HT/m²
- 15 to 20 plant / m²- 10 to 20 % species replace / years- Maintenance : 25 < 60 < 180 € HT/m²/an
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
Be careful to• Over-estimate of consumption• Invasive species
Green Wall
Give priority to system with :
• Less consumption of raw material (water, substrate)
• Less management
• Renewable resources : fertilization (compost), substrate
• Control system of consumption (water, fertilizer)
• Native species adapted to less maintenance, climate conditions and stress
• Local substrate (respect area pedology)
• Promote natural colonization/development
• Regular scientific monitoring (decrease over time)
©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
• Less plants diversity but local species (Hedera
helix, Dioscorea communis, Lonicera periclymenum, … )Be careful to invasives species : Parthenocissus sp.,….
Green Wall Climbing plantsWeight LowDifficulties of implementation
Easy
Cost Material : LowImplementation : Low
Maintenance LowFew knowledge necessary
Water consumption LowWater stress Low sensibilityFreeze Low sensibility
• Easy maintenance : Fertilization : compost Water : rainwater recuperation
(emergency watering)
• Very interesting for birds and arthropods (Chiquet & al., 2013; Madre, 2014)
Lines of research• Place to natural recovery (stone
wall) : lichen, moss• Work on material : brick facade,
porous substrate• Combining green walls and green
roofs : animals movement
Climbing plant Green Wall and lines of research
Climbing plant green facades
©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN ©S. COHEN
©Végétal Local
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
3. Implementation and maintenance ;
4. Communication : public awareness and education
5. Biological monitoring
1. Replace site into its context
2. Recreate permeable zones for biodiversity in urban areas and take into account the ecological characteristics : identify species/habitats issues (local scale), including local ordinary biodiversity; identify species movement capabilities (support site).
6. Increase knowledge concerning new technologies and materials to support biodiversity
Conclusion
©S. COHEN
©S. COHEN©P. GOURDAIN
©CEMAGREF
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
Thank you for your attention
©C. FOURNIERINTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK
Type de murs Cages métalliques Nappes continues Modules performés Jardinières avec plantes grimpantes
Type de végétalisation Verticale Verticale Verticale Verticale et horizontale
Maillage Acier galvanisé, inoxMaille treillis : 100 mm X 100 mm
Hauteur : 500 mmEpaisseur de fil : 4.5mm
/ / Plantes volubiles : section ronde de 4 à 30 mmPlantes à vrilles : treillage verticale et horizontale
équidistant de 10 à 20 cmArbrisseaux : treillis de 25 à 50 cm
Espacement du treillis par rapport au mu : 5 cm
Epaisseur 150 à 180 mm Panneau en PVC : 1 cmEspace entre la structure et le mur : 4
cm
Dépend du module /
Structure Cages métalliques préconstruites, fixées sur des rails, contenant un substrat retenu par un paillage tissé PP ou d’un feutre de fibres
végétales
planche de PVC expansé, film tissé de polypropylène, nappe d’irrigation,
structure tubulaire en métal, cuve de récupération
Dépend du module treillage en bois, câbles d’acier, fibres de verres
Poids Dépend de l’épaisseur, dimension de la structure, et du type de substrat utilisé.
Cage : Environ 8 kg vide et 68 kg avec substrat
7 kg / m² de panneau PVC expansé de 10 mm d’épaisseur
3 à 5 kg /m² pour la nappe d’irrigation1 à 5 kg pour les plantes
20 à 50 kg / m² pour la structure métallique
Dépend du module Dépend des plantes utilisées : 1 à 50 kg/m²
Consommation d’eau 120 < 650 L/m²/an < 1600 Entre 1,5 et 3 L/m²/jour Dépend du module /
Substrat ou support Mélange de composés organiques et de minéraux inertes
Nappe d’irrigation (aquanappe) Dépend du module Terreau
Entretien 2 à 3 fois par anCout 45 € HT/m²/an
Au moins une fois par moisCout 75 € HT/m²/an
Dépend du module 2 à 3 fois par an
Type de murs brevetés Greenwall, Wallflore, Casa verde, VertiGreen F150, VegetEau, Vivagreen, Amytis, Canevaflor,
Patrick Blanc Mobilane Façade, Vertiss Plus, Ductal, Texigreen,Vertiss Roll,
Velplan
Green Wall Substrate filled metallic cage
Continuous sheet Modular planted Climbing plants
Weight High Low Medium LowDifficulties of implementation
High Medium Medium Easy
Cost Material : HighImplementation : High
Material : LowImplementation : High
Material : HighImplementation : Low
Material : LowImplementation : Low
Maintenance Medium High Low LowProfessional needed Professional needed Few knowledge necessary Few knowledge necessary
Water consumption Medium High Medium LowWater stress Sensibility Medium High sensibility Low sensibility Low sensibilityFreeze Sensibility Medium High sensibility Low sensibility Low sensibility
INTERNATIONAL GREEN WALL CONFERENCE - 4-5th September 2014 - The Green Wall Centre, Staffordshire University, Stoke-on-Trent, UK