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RESPONSIBILITIES OF A FIRST AIDER
Assess situation Protect from danger. Prevent cross infection. Comfort and reassure casualties. Assessment of casualties Early treatment by priority. Arrange for appropriate help.
CHAIN OF SURVIVALWhat is Chain of Survival?
It is the sequence of actions that will increase chances of survival.
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL – 1ST LINK(EARLY RECOGNITION AND ACCESS)
Recognition of early warning signs, such as chest pain and shortness of breath, that prompts a person to call 995 before collapse.
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL – 2ND LINK (EARLY CPR)
CPR is Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation
CPR is a temporary intervention that attempts to restore breathing and circulation.
Loses its value if third and fourth link are not rapidly carried out.
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL – 3RD LINK (EARLY DEFIBRILLATION)
Defibrillation is a process in which an electronic device sends an electric shock to the heart to stop an extremely rapid, irregular heartbeat, and restore normal heart rhythm.
Most effective way to convert ventricular fibrillation (VF) back into normal heart rhythm.
CHAIN OF SURVIVAL – 4TH LINK(EARLY ACLS)
ACLS is Advanced Cardiac Life Support.
It includes the use of equipment to support ventilation, establish intravenous access, administer drugs control arrhythmias and prepare casualty for transportation.
PRIMARY SURVEY Purpose of Primary Survey:
to diagnose and treat life threatening injuries which, if left undiagnosed and untreated, could lead to death
D-R-S-A-B-C-D.
PRIMARY SURVEY
D for Danger
Check surroundings for danger.
Remove the danger or move the casualty to a safe environment if required.
PRIMARY SURVEY
R for Response
Establish level of response.
Firmly taps casualty’s shoulders and ask loudly:
“Hello! Hello! Are you Okay?”
PRIMARY SURVEY
S for Shout
If casualty is unresponsive, immediately call out for help:
“Help! Call for Ambulance, 995.Get an AED !”
If a phone is available nearby, call ambulance first.
HOW TO DO HEAD TILT CHIN LIFT?
1. Place one hand on the casualty’s forehead and apply pressure to tilt the head back.
2. Place two fingers of the other hand at the angle of the jaw bone.
3. Lift the chin forward and support the angle of the jaw, helping to tilt the head back.
PRIMARY SURVEY
B for Breathing
(Awake) Ask casualty to take deep breath and observe
chest movement. Observe for any abnormal speech. If laboured or painful breathing, expose chest
and look for life threatening injuries.
PRIMARY SURVEY
B for Breathing
(Unconscious) While maintaining an open airway, the rescuer
will check the casualty's breathing. Rescuer’s ear over casualty’s mouth and nose.
Observe casualty's chest. LOOK – for chest rise and fall LISTEN – for air inhalation and exhalation FEEL – for the flow of air on your cheek
PRIMARY SURVEY
C for Circulation
Rapid Body Survey (<30s) for major hemorrhage, treat if found.
Perfusion (SCTM) Skin Colour (Pale/Pink/Cyanosed) Capillary Refill Time Temperature (Warm/Cold) Moisture (Dry/Moist)
PRIMARY SURVEY
D for Defibrillation
Use of Automated External Defibrillator (AED).
It is a portable electronic device that diagnose and correct arrhythmia of the heart.
Most effective way to convert ventricular fibrillation back into normal heart rhythm.
SECONDARY SURVEY
Systematic process for checking other injuries.
D for Disability
Assess cerebral function.
AVPU GCS
HISTORY To find details what happened and any
previous history.
SAMPLE Symptoms Presented Allergies Medication Past Medical History Last meal Event history
CPR PROTOCOLD-R-S-A-B-CCheck for DangerCheck for ResponseShout for helpOpen AirwayCheck for BreathingChest Compression
CHEST COMPRESSION
Landmark at lower half of the sternum.
Compression rate is at least 100 per
minute.
Compress at least 5cm
Ensure full recoil of the chest after each
compression
1&2&3&4&5&1&2&3&4&10&1&2&3&4&151&2&3&4&201&2&3&4&251&2&3&4&30
CHEST COMPRESSION
•Each Ventilation over 1 sec,just enough to make the chest rise.
•Ventilation volume:400ml – 600ml.