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Tyler Ludwig Project Readiness Package 11 November 2012 Revision E Rev 7/22/11
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INTRODUCTION: This project tasks students with creating a parking monitor system capable of monitoring one lot with the goal of generating accurate occupancy information for both administrative parking management and commuter awareness of availability in the monitored lot. This initial proof of concept will monitor Lot N and will consist of monitoring the lot occupancy via tracking the inflow and outflow of vehicles to the lot. Personal Interest: I am interested in being place on this design team should the project receive approval. This project is an interesting problem to solve, and my research for this project has further inspired me to follow this project. I believe that the background information have obtained during the preparation of this proposal will be a great value as a member on this team. In the interest chart below, the X marks my level of interest in this project Interest Level Chart (not interested) 0----------1----------2----------3----------4----X----5 (very interested) ADMINISTRATIVE INFORMATION: • Project Name (tentative): Active Parking Space Monitoring • Project Number, if known: • Preferred Start/End Quarter in Senior Design:
• Faculty Champions:
Name Dept. Email Phone Dr. Vincent Amuso (pending) EE [email protected] Dr. Stephen Boedo (pending) ME [email protected]
• Project “Guide” if known: Unknown at this time • Primary Customer:
Name Dept. Email Phone Randy Vercauteren - [email protected]
Fall/Winter Fall/Spring Winter/Spring
Tyler Ludwig Project Readiness Package 11 November 2012 Revision E Rev 7/22/11
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PROJECT OVERVIEW: During high volume periods, it can be difficult to locate a parking location that is convenient for commuters in terms of both distance to the campus in general and to their desired building in particular. This convenience desire becomes greatly compounded during winter months when the location of a parking space will determine the time spent walking in generally inclement weather. In addition to convenience, RIT is committed to reducing our carbon footprint in all ways possible. As indicated by research, transportation is the largest contributing factor to this metric. The purpose of this project is to mitigate the commuters search for a parking spot by providing an easy, yet robust method of determining parking occupancy in RIT’s parking lots This project will involve developing a system that will actively monitor a parking section, determine available spots, and communicate the occupancy of the lot to commuters. DETAILED PROJECT DESCRIPTION: This project tasks the team with designing an active monitoring system capable of tracking the available parking spaces of one lot at RIT. This system will employ sensors at the entrances/exits of a parking area to determine occupancy. The system will be a pilot program for future installments around RIT and will begin by monitoring Lot N. This monitoring system will be responsible for tracking the overall lot occupancy and display a signal light to the commuters that indicates the availability of parking in that lot. . In addition, it is desired that this system also be able to simply act as a counter, thus making it easy for parking services at RIT to employ the system as a traffic data acquisition tool. The system must be able to run off the grid and be field-programmable for lot occupancy or data logging. The interface for the programming must allow the user to input the lot size, choose to monitor or simply count, and contain a count reset option. The system will only be used to monitor vehicular traffic, thus the design team must employ sensing technology and/or techniques that ensure that the monitor does not incorrectly count objects other than cars. In addition, this system must be designed to operate without destruction, modification, or interference with the RIT parking infrastructure.
Concept Solution
Tyler Ludwig Project Readiness Package 11 November 2012 Revision E Rev 7/22/11
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Customer Needs and Objectives:
• Stakeholders:
Ø Mark Smith – Head of MSD Ø Facilities Engineering Ø 3rd & 4th year students – Give incentive for senior design Ø Enid Cardinal – Sustainability Initiative Ø Commuters, Visitors, Guests using RIT Parking
• Functional Decomposition:
Customer Need #
Importance Description
CN1 3 High Visibility in terms of student awareness (Mark Smith) CN2 9 Multidisciplinary (Mark Smith) CN3 1 Sustainable Operation (Enid Cardinal) CN4 1 Operation in inclement weather (Randy Vercateuren) CN5 9 Must generate accurate information (Randy Vercateuren) CN6 3 Flexibility of installment around campus (Randy Vercateuren) CN7 9 Operates during high volume periods (Randy Vercateuren) CN8 3 Doesn’t impede current parking or grounds keeping (Randy Vercateuren) CN9 1 Long term survivability/durability (Mark Smith) CN10 3 Affordable (Mark Smith) CN11 3 Must inform commuters of lot status (Randy Vercateuren)
Tyler Ludwig Project Readiness Package 11 November 2012 Revision E Rev 7/22/11
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• Engineering Analysis (See attachment)
o Power Analysis
§ Projection of individual power requirements § Solar Panel Viability § Battery Power Provision
o Structural Integrity
§ Wind Calculation § Weight Estimation
• Specifications:
• Constraints:
o Cannot destroy or modify any current facility or structure when deployed o Cannot adversely affect the environment when in operatio o Cannot pose risk to human health
Tyler Ludwig Project Readiness Package 11 November 2012 Revision E Rev 7/22/11
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Item Amount/Size Unit.Cost Projected.Cost Supply.Source1 Rechargeable.Battery [email protected], $88 $88 Batteryshark2 Solar.Panel [email protected] $25 $25 Voltaicsystems.com3 IR.Detector 1 $59/ea $59 Mcmelectronics4 Keypad 1 $9/ea $9.00 Mikroe.com5 7.Segment.Display 1 $17/ea $17.00 Mikroe.com6 Housing.Material.(Al.sheet.Metal) 50.sq..ft $40/12.sq.ft $160 Onlinemetals.com7 Indicator.LEDs 2 $2.00 Mouser/Batteryspsce
TOTAL.COST $360
Links1 http://www.batterysharks.com/12@Volt@55@Amp@Seal@Lead@Acid@Battrery@p/12v@[email protected] http://www.voltaicsystems.com/converter@[email protected] http://www.mcmelectronics.com/content/ProductData/Spec%20Sheets/[email protected] http://www.mikroe.com/add@on@boards/various/keypad@4x4/5 http://www.mikroe.com/add@on@boards/display/serial@7seg@display/6 http://www.onlinemetals.com/merchant.cfm?pid=1238&step=4&showunits=inches&id=76&top_cat=607 http://www.batteryspace.com/ledlamp@2pcs12vwhite9bulbsultra@[email protected]
Budget.proposal.for.Ultrasonic.Range.Solution.using.OTS.components
• Project Deliverables:
o Final delivered device must be a self-contained unit. The system must be able to count the inflow/outflow of cars to a lot and ignore other objects that enter the lot. The system must have an indication light that displays the lot status once the unit determines that the lot is full. The system must be able to operate as a lot monitor or simply as a counting device. The system will need to contain a input panel that allows the user to input lot size, control operation setting (count/monitor), display current count/lot occupancy, and be able to reset the current count.
o Recorded Demonstration o Project Poster o Project Presentation
• Budget Estimate: STUDENT STAFFING: • Anticipated Staffing Levels by Discipline:
Discipline How Many? Anticipated Skills Needed
ME 2 ME1: Main structure design, CAD drawings, material selection for main unit ME2: Lot indication structure and interface with electronics,
CE 1 CE1: System integration, design of data management system
EE 2 EE1: Design of sensing system EE2: Design of power system EE1,2: Circuitry/PCB layout
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OTHER RESOURCES ANTICIPATED:
Category Description Resource Available?
Faculty ME Consultant
EE Consultant
Environment MSD Design Center
Machine Shop & Brinkman Lab
RIT Parking Lot
Equipment Car (Testing Phase)
Electronic Test Equipment
Materials Sheet Metal
Electronic Components
Other
Alternate (ME Heavy) Solutions: Due to the constraint on the ability to modify current structures at RIT and the limitation of non-interference with snow removal in the winter, I have determined that all feasible solutions require an electrical related solution. For all the concept ideas, consult the appendix. Prepared by: Tyler Ludwig Date: 11 Nov. 2012
PRP Appendix
Table of Contents Full Page Project Description…………….…………...…….……………1 Skills Checklist…………………………….…….…………………………2 Sensor Benchmarking…………………………………………………… 4 Project Concepts…………………………………………….…………… 5 Analysis Topics………………………………….…………………………7
Active Parking Space Monitoring MSDI: Winter 2012 MSDII: Spring 2012 Project Description: This project is founded on a desire for both high visibility of senior design on campus and to facilitate the commuter’s desire to easily identify lots with vacancies. This project tasks the team with designing an active monitoring system capable of tracking the available parking spaces of one lot at RIT. This system will employ sensors at the entrances/exits of a parking area to determine occupancy. The system will be a pilot program for future installments around RIT and will begin by monitoring Lot N (one inlet/outlet). This monitoring system will be responsible for tracking the overall lot occupancy, indicating the number of spots available or if the lot is full. The system must be capable of presenting this data to the commuter easily without distraction and be modular enough for future deployment in other lots around campus. The system ideally should run independently from the electrical grid at RIT and be field-programmable for lot capacity, data logging, and operation.
Tentative MSD Team: Primary Customer
• Randy Vercauteren – Director of Parking, Transportation, & Building Services o Collects Parking Data at RIT o Heavily Interested in Parking System
§ For Easy Data Collection (Automated car counter instead of by hand) § Commuter Ease (Directing Commuters)
Anticipated Team Requirements
• ME (2): Main Structure Design (Alignment and Leveling Systems), Lot Indication Structure & Electronics Structures • EE (2): Design of Sensing System, Design of Data Management System, Design of External UI • CE (1): System Integration and Control, Exterior Interfacing
Feasibility
• Benchmarking has shown first project concept can come in under $500 budget (IR Sensors) • Research indicates that a potential beam-breaking solution is possible with OTS components should other designs fail
Challenges/Robustness
• Needs to monitor/correct for count error • Must be able to remain stationary on multiple surfaces & remain level (for beam breaking) • Must determine the difference between a car vs. a pedestrian • Must remain operational in adverse weather conditions
Functional Decomposition
Concept Solution
1
Appendix (PRP): Skills Checklist Project Name (tentative): Active Parking Space Monitoring Checklist Completed by (name):
Tyler Ludwig
For each discipline, indicate which skills or knowledge will be needed by students working on the associated project, and rank the skills in order of importance (1=highest priority). You may use the same number multiple times to indicate equal rank. Mechanical Engineering 2 3D CAD Aerodynamics MATLAB programming CFD 2 Machining (basic) Biomaterials 2 Stress analysis (2D) Vibrations Statics/dynamic analysis (2D) Combustion engines Thermodynamics GD&T (geometic dimensioning & tolerancing) Fluid dynamics (CV) Linear controls LabView (data acquisition, etc.) Composites Statistics DFM Robotics (motion control) 1 FEA Composites Heat transfer Other: Modeling of electromechanical & fluid systems Other: 3 Fatigue & static failure criteria (DME) Other: Specifying machine elements Reviewed by (ME faculty): Industrial & Systems Engineering Statistical analysis of data – regression Shop floor IE – methods, time study Materials science Programming (C++) Materials processing – machining lab Facilities planning – layout, material handling DOE Production systems design – lean, process
improvement Systems design – product/process design
Ergonomics – interface of people & equipment (procedures, training, maintenance)
Data analysis, data mining
Math modeling – linear programming), simulation Manufacturing engr. Project management DFx -‐-‐ Manuf., environment, sustainability Engineering economy – ROI Other: Quality tools – SPC Other: Production control – scheduling Other: Reviewed by (ISE faculty):
2
Electrical Engineering 3 Circuit design: AC/DC converters, regulators,
amplifier ckts, analog filter design, FPGA Logic design, sensor bias/support circuitry
Digital filter design and implementation, DSP
3 Power systems: selection, analysis, power budget determination
1 Microcontroller selection/application
System analysis: frequency analysis (Fourier, Laplace), stability, PID controllers, modulation schemes, VCO’s & mixers, ADC selection
Wireless protocol, component selection
2 Circuit build, test, debug (scopes, DMM, function generators)
Antenna selection (simple design)
1 Board layout (some students) Communication system front end design MATLAB (some proficiency) Algorithm design/simulation 2 PSpice Embedded software design/
implementation Programming: C, Assembly (some proficiency) Other: Electromagnetics (shielding, interference) Other: Other: Reviewed by (EE faculty): Computer Engineering 2 Digital design (including HDL and FPGA) Wireless networks Software for microcontrollers (including Linux and
Windows) Robotics (guidance, navigation, vision,
machine learning, and control) 1 Device programming: Assembly language, C Concurrent and embedded software Programming: Java, C++ Embedded and real-‐time systems Analog design Digital image processing Networking and network protocols Computer vision Scientific computing (including C and MATLAB) Network security Signal processing Other: Interfacing transducers and actuators to
microcontrollers Other:
Other: Reviewed by (CE faculty):
Power Requirement Operational Time Operational Range Cost Accuracy (Objective) Operational BarriersComplexity (1-3, 3
being complex)Advantages Disadvantages
IR Beam Sensor Counting
http://www.chambers-electronics.com/Car_counter_RBX7C.pdf
4 AA Lithium Batteries 2 Years 40 feet -
Limited to
computational
awarness of what
broke the beam
Weather 1 Low powertransmittter & reciever - 2
units
http://www.trafx.net/TRAFx_Infrared_Trail_Counter.pdf
3 AA batteris 3 years 20 feet $395
Detects warm objects
that break the beam,
fair accuracy
One sensor, will detct
humans2 Low power, long life Short distance
Magnetomer Counters
http://www.chambers-electronics.com/Automag_car_counter.pdf
8 D batteries/12 volt
Lead Acid Battery80 days/3 Months 10 feet -
Only detects ferrous
objectDistance 2
Better vehicle
detection accuracy
Higher power
requirementt
http://www.trafx.net/TRAFx_Vehicle_Counter.pdf
2 C batteries 1 year 16 feet $400 Only detects ferrous
objectDistance 2
Not sensitive to
weather, better
vehicle detection
Low redius of detection
Ultrasonic Counters
http://www.libstock.com/projects/view/7/ultrasonic-parking-lot-car-counter
8-16 Volts Powered 1-3 feet $70-$100 Good, Detects everything, 1 One unitNo differentiation
between objects
http://www.apogeekits.com/ultrasonic_parking_sensor.htm
12V Car Battery Designed as powered 0-5 ft $32 Good
Meant for use on
vehicles for parking
assisatnce
2 Low costNo differentiation
between objects
Potential Sensing Solutions
Passive Infrared Detectors
Passive infrared detectors can supply vehicle passage and presence data, but not speed. They use an energy sensitive photon to measure the infrared energy emitted by objects in the detector’s field of view. Passive detectors do not transmit energy of their own. When a vehicle enters the detection zone, it produces a change in the energy normally measured from the road surface in the absence of a vehicle. The change in energy is proportional to the absolute temperature of the vehicle and the emissivity of the vehicle’s metal surface (emissivity is equal to the ratio of the energy actually emitted by a material to the energy emitted by a perfect radiator of energy at the same temperature). The difference in energy that reaches the detector is reduced when there is water vapor, rain, snow, or fog in the atmosphere. For the typical distance of traffic monitoring applications with this type of detector, these atmospheric conditions may not produce significant performance losses.
Active Infrared Detectors
The most popular types of active infrared detectors use a laser diode to transmit energy in the near infrared spectrum, a portion of which is reflected back into the receiver of the detector from a vehicle in its field of view. Laser radars can supply vehicle passage, presence, and speed information. Speed is measured by noting the time it takes a vehicle to cross two infrared beams that are scanned across the road surface a known distance apart. Some laser radar models also have the ability to classify vehicles by measuring and identifying their profiles. Other types of active infrared detectors use light emitting diodes (LEDs) as the signal source.
Ultrasonic Detectors
Ultrasonic vehicle detectors can be designed to receive range and speed data. However, the most prevalent and low-cost ultrasonic detectors are those that measure range to provide vehicle passage and presence data only. The ultrasonic Doppler detector that also measures vehicle speed is an order of magnitude more expensive than the presence detector. Ultrasonic detectors transmit sound at 25 KHz to 50 KHz . These frequencies lie above the audible region. A portion of the transmitted energy is reflected from the road or vehicle surface into the receiver portion of the instrument and is processed to give vehicle passage and presence. A typical ultrasonic presence detector transmits ultrasonic energy in the form of pulses. The measurement of the round-trip time it takes for the pulse to leave the detector, bounce off a surface, and return to the detector is proportional to the range from the detector to the surface.
Passive Acoustic Detectors
Vehicles produce acoustic energy or audible sound from a variety of sources within the vehicle and from the interaction of the vehicle’s tires with the road surface. Arrays of acoustic microphones are used to pick up these sounds from a focused area within a lane on a roadway. When a vehicle passes through the detection zone, the signal-processing algorithm detects an increase in sound energy and a vehicle presence signal is generated. When the vehicle leaves the detection zone, the sound energy decreases below the detection threshold and vehicle presence signal is no longer generated, thus indicating a count.
Magnetometer Detector
Vehicles are comprised of ferrous metals, thus can be detected by a magnetic field. A magnetometer measured the magnetic field and can detect vehicles by measuring the change in the Earth’s magnetic field caused by the presence of a vehicle near the sensor. In addition to vehicle sensing, a setup with two sensor nodes placed a few feet apart can estimate speed and direction of travel of the passing vehicle. This solution provides increased fidelity in filtering the object that passes through the detection system by eliminating the unintended detection of extra-vehicular traffic.
