I Unit 4

Real Risk

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CD Do you know what kinds of food are genetically modified? . ® When you buy food, do you care if it contains genetically modified foods? If you

(

do, why?

24 Unit4

Case

Calbee Food Co. recalls Jagariko in 2001

I n June 2001, Calbee Food Co. announced a recall of its popular Jagariko

products produced before June 7 in the same year. This is because a genetically

modified variety of potato which was not yet approved in Japan was discovered in the

ingredients of two varieties of the potato snack-cheese flavored and lightly salted.

The snacks in question had been produced at Calbee's plant in Shiga Prefecture in the

previous month, and distributed in the Kinki region.

The Shiga prefectural government ordered the plant to recall about 260,000

problematic packages, but the company decided to voluntarily recall all the Jagariko

products. According to Calbee, the company used imported frozen potatoes containing

the New Leaf Plus from the US and Canada, a genetically modified potato which

produces its own insecticide. It had been approved in the two countries, but was

still under examination for its safety for use in Japan at that time. The safety was

confirmed after tests were completed in 2003.

I Notes I 0 approve ~~DJ""t ~ 0 in question p,~leO)

Vocabulary Check _t0)~)(~~3'Ui-, Q)"'"'@O)ffl~fiO)~PJJc Vl"'~'~;bL.,~ ':tO)~ a"' f J:JJi~HYtd:~~ '0 CD the act of looking at or considering something very carefully

@ a chemical used for killing pests

@ one of the foods that are used to make a particular dish

@) to send goods to sl).ops and businesses

® to state or show that something is definitely true or correct •·

® willingly, without being forced

a. connrm

d. ingredient

b. distribute

e. insecticide

c. examination

f. voluntarily

(

(

(

(

(

(

)

)

)

)

)

)

Real Risk or Great Technology? 25

Real Risk or Great Technology?

Read On The pros and cons ofGMfoods

~~'7?.77~~0li-- Q.>C:Q)rp,~mt:~.:t~~(, '0

Genetically modified (GM) foods are those

produced from genetically altered crops. GM crops

are commonly made by adding desirable genes to

their genome to increase their <D resistance to pests or

diseases, or production of extra nutrients. Currently,

there are several GM crops used as food sources · z.,-.,.,,....-""~~

including soybeans, corn, canola, and cotton seed ........=. ............ -........___~ A corn farm in the U.S.

oil. In most cases, they are processed and used as

ingredients in food. As of 2012, GM crops were commercially® cultivated in 28 countries

including the U.S. with the biggest cropping acreage, followed by Brazil. ...... ... • ..... ...... ... ............ ..... ..... ... ... .. .. ... .... ... .... ........... . . [ Notes I 0 genome 'f / b 0 canol a 1J /-5 0 cotton seed oil ~~5rn 0 cropping acreage f'Ff1lmfft

Exercise 1 l'*:ll~CD®C:t~ t£~t;~~~~9¥~!~ a-d J::~J~V:~~t, '0 CD a. ability b. immunity c . opposition d. sensitivity

@ a. developed b. encouraged c. raised d. sold

One advantage of GM crops is a higher yield. Pest-resistant crops are less damaged

by insects, and herbicide-resistant ones can grow even where pesticides are heavily

used. Other advantages of GM crops are reduced production costs and environmental

friendliness. The introduction of these crops reduces the amount of pesticide and

herbicide needed, which saves money and labor and contributes to environmental

protection. Moreover, nutrient-enriched crops could alleviate food shortage problems in

needy countries. GM crops adapted to harsh environments such as drought can be one

solution to the problem of world hunger.

[ Notes 1 0 yield l&~:fil 0 herbicide llfit]j[~J 0 pesticide ~!:H~J • llfit]j[~IJ 0 nutrient-enriched *~5tlift ~nt.: 0 alleviate t¥519t9 ~ 0 drought -Tiel:'"?

Exercise 2 ~~Q)p;J3t:.g-?~2l!ttt:ta: T ~- ~t>~t, ''tQ)ta: F ~-~Att~~t, '0 CD GM crops are environmentally friendly because they need fewer chemicals. ( )

I

® GM crops have the potential to help solve some global problems. ( )

26 Unit 4

One of the concerns about GM foods is their safety. So far, no harmful effects from

eating GM foods have been reported, but their long-term effects on the human body are

unknown. There is also a risk of negatively affecting the ecosystem. Mass-production of

GM crops may decrease the genetic diversity of plants, which makes them vulnerable to

certain diseases. Another concern is that a few biotechnology companies may dominate

food production through the control of the seeds of GM plants they have developed. In

most cases, farmers have to purchase costly seeds every year because they are protected

as intellectual properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . [ Notes 1 0 mass-production ::k:ill:~!M 0 genetic diversity ii!fE~~.mtt

0 intellectual property ~O~M!M

Exercise 3 ~)(O)pg~,~~?~2l!1H~t;t T ~- ~t.>fc!:l. \t,O)t;J: F ~-~AttfcJ:~l, '0 CD Quite a few cases of the negative influence of GM foods on people have been reported.

( ) @ Farmers can continuously use seeds of GM crops once they have bought GM seeds

from biotechnology companies. ( )

Different countries have different stances on GM foods\ The U.S., the biggest

CD advocate of GM foods, allows the commercial cultivation of mor~ than 120 GM crops

as food, and does not require labeling of GM foods. On the other hand, the majority

of EU countries have a negative stance toward GM crops. Only one type of GM corn

is being cultivated and food must carry a label indicating the presence of GM crops.

There is a vague sense of ® distrust toward GM foods in Japan, where GM crops are

not commercially cultivated and labeling is required by law.

[ Notes I 0 labeling 5"'\Jvf\t~t 0 indicate the presence of ... ···O}i'¥f:E~m9 0 vague ~?!.\c L.J.:

CD a. assistant

@ a. awareness

b. practitioner

b. confidence

c. promoter

c. suspicion

d. support

d. responsibility

Real Risk or Great Technology? 27

Real Risk or Great Technology?

Listen to Model Opinions Should GM foods be promoted? C liifi~T-~Jl~;tj{~ ~;l:flll~n.Q-"' ~ t.J)) t: -:Jl, , -r_ .L.~l' 4 J,.(J)

t7Jv::tl::'=::t:---a:oo~ , ~rtl-a:ttd.>~~l, '0

I'm in favor of GM foods. One of the main reasons

for supporting them is that they will probably help

the problem of food ------------- ------------because they can produce high yields of crops.

Carlos from Brazil

I think we should promote GM foods. Thanks to GM

technology, farmers can produce food more reliably and

. It doesn't make sense not to take -------------of it. -------------

Kazu from Japan

Michell from the U.S.

I have doubts about the safety of GM foods. They may

pose great health risks to the human body and the

. They are too new for us to -------------their safety. -------------

I don't think so. One negative consequence of the of GM foods is a wider gap between -------------

rich and poor farmers~ Rich farmers can afford

------------- GM seeds while poor farmers may end up deep in debt.

Emma from Britain

28 Unit 4

Useful Expressions

1. One of the main reasons for- is.. . ....__90.:ttJ:J!HE80)Gt-:>~i · ··C'J)0

One of the main reasons for cultivating GM crops is that they raise yields.

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2. thanks to... .. · O);jo iJ, ~f'C'

Thanks to GM technology, many starving and malnourished people in developing

countries might be saved in the future.

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3. One negative consequence of- is... .-...-iJ~tt.:G97-1'-t.AOJ*a*O)'Ot-:>~i .. ·C'J)0

One negative consequence of mass-production of GM foods is the loss of genetic

diver.sity.

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Discussion -

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I [ D titivtk /0 do~t thivtk] t/tutt GM foods skou.ld be- prowu;td bUQI/Me-

..

Real Risk or Great Technology? 29