i11prec0rmmm,WmdmN"22 March 27,1975

ooontentsEDITONAL

PORTUGAL

xnuochmu- Toward Ubererinn

Arm The mm». H Anempled Coup An

um 92 .3; Nos: Anion -5, A. Udry

The End 0F Soda‘ Peace —by new Am»

The Bureaucracy vs. The Worker:Gievek Faces woem ScW—7\/avvcgemcn?

by mam Nu:Sadulisv Munugms

Am me gleamAn APWT Tm sonaamy

T2

T5

\sV?

2».

32

please note: our subscriptionratesand we

have chhave a new address—an (sen box belnw)

76 rue Antoine Dansaert 1000 BrusselsINPRECOR 7 5 me Anmne DumaenINTERNAHONAL mss comxesrowowczFunnxgwy Tniunv-:fi?on urgan cf We unnea Secremvint of me rm». Invernntiunflpub:;s>m in snqm, French, s.m:o», and German.

Swgncd aflicle: da no? meswzly rupresem lhe views of wmscok.

suascRwTToNs T

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Send name and uddresx to mmcox Mm check made tn we order av GISELA scuouz.TO PAY av lNT'L POSYAL ORDER: Send me and address re INPRECQR. sena postaluvder To GTSELA scuot Tz, I27 rue Jesse Tmpem, Bruxsels 3, Am. No. CCPDOD-108500I—55

Bruise \;-1 mm aelgrum

editorial

towardliberation

we uxucr my e; rhc Hbulzfiiqrv :9’ Phnam PM ha;nee yet burn Hxtd Sm me ml! e; me Law New ,e—gim: is Ive»/Hab\e qv»/an me nvesem course oF Mq

Xfruggbs an Cumbodfu. New n*HFfiury clnfcarx farMe puppet an-\y are :e We errmg, More Trrporkum,me cenm’ y Wm VH2 Cambodian peopk mu mewbe vT<:{on'a;sEn1heTrsrmgg\ca9uFrmU.5.impe-/iulfsm Hus nuw spread beyond rrvuhfioncry curclesemm certainty is new For rhrougheufi ex: would wtrI'm cpimon. we larcsrdebaves m we AmcricnnSenate and Hausa of uzepyeeemnyee on we relrdochinu have em’ med Wis ccrwkrionmu ws fncupabk: er pweven Hg me dcbadc

Consequently,mom Perm, me sxmarmn H Cammyuy on me rehmensmp cl roreu n» Jigham\rxJocH' u 1. ‘us ms”:-mm once ugeznfedeep

icrdnpcnucnzc er me znmpbnems of Me Yndc:H-neg: .eyem:en. veewey Hunm was Wm-Hg rhe

max, Saigon, ard Amcrkan vvgimes uguins! theeembm..enr or own bridges Nnking me Umpaou.s baa :.. mwane Du sezeen and we Cambodianeapnax, Today the my‘ me: Revahrfionury Gov-emmmm me National Lxberafian Fmm am in-mzfing u gemfine mu? an Thieu‘5 farce; in me ce..—my - mum: and 2" me norflwern provinces offlouvhVietnam.

In Tmpcnunce er me weer cvcnbs in mm vaemamxhould mtbe underestimated. Saigon asspeau-mgare "redeplaymcm of erreenye fmces.

‘

an M10!

J-qcmon demonstrate: its dcvl-mfv: pm? on. re re—

emy, whurwe .1. wmvcssing ;, ihc rm mu bruskcoHap5e 07 a dc: vc ewwem :n we system ec Am-‘man 'un;>cr?ux'T:r ::‘umTnoHorv or Swfih vaemem. ToEu covwinccd ac W45 n T5 Eu mm mere\y In con-xvdt rhc Tmpnzufmns er Sc\'gon‘s 5u—caHed meneaxraven .

M mm , n .5 one ai me mos? dcaisim regmn: —e We even me mes! \'n~nnrmn?cFuH — mm VS

coming under me men mean at me Hbemnonforces, fuv me Cunrru1HxgMundsaummore mmmm Saigcn rkgion and me HUVDM cousin‘ p‘u'm mme (emu er Seam Vvrzmcm. A‘ we some Hun,‘nurd ixghfing ws going on em? and nqrfihwes! 9; wegun, and the “dccm/‘ e; we puppet wane"; in meN‘cLong Dnha :3 Emmy aggmyuced.P

_cany, me ;mpx:ea~:m 07 me prescnvshuarian

me even mureserimrx r we Wfeu rcgirrc we T5

W ‘M Mice reasons 57 eten betas,-st er theweak Vmzes my me aemeuy been com-rfmed reMesa same; by me ms. x" ?um, um a farce ofmy Loco men mu’ waded Qun Me n....,-, :"\cFvvchy Hbembed in we cemmx HTgNund5. ‘nuSvgnificanfi may of \~

my, mese 1,000 mun WeNvamugnurds at . myemem wired rune, whichhad been crowed by me America-vs Vo cnguge me

mm minarmzs an the unricommuniefisnuggle. nwas «er revealing mm mm mm ml Leundrf, menew }mtrnnH:fioVAgc.-1:6 France-Presse, was mu!‘dcucd by me emcee er we Saigon swuriry xevviccs.

3

editorial

The NLF and we have wagad rneiranenme esen»{EuHy wm. \v,>gibna\ rereee and ml with reguidr ax-.risTons.

seenna, eeeene me ezraee me» mew ne. alwndonedme among rne rneer arnperrenr in me cmmfry: senMe Thuor, Pleiku, Kumum, pmbaifly DuhrundQunng Tfi, and perhaps even Hue. Sfix new provin-exex cannons, mm: or men symbulic and presfijxous:Quung TH,tempnmrT\ylTberar:dTn1772and re—

men by u.s. troops nrrer heavy ‘asses, Hug, meeeeena ziry cl sum Viemam, iouncr imperial myam, in w inn u,s. marine: had also engaged inhard bunles wnen Hwy meek me my afier me VaruFiernTv: zn ma.Finflly, seeenee we are seeing a sudden and vufiexvension vf me Iznererea zrmes. we gain 7; nerenxy geegrepmeex, n k also mHT>un/, economic,poHri:uV, and human — Tn xpiie nv rne enernnn erthe sulppettlrmy 1:: empty the ubandcued regions offiheir population.

Cambodia and Vhzrrvam. Th: turrenr Fercc er melndcnifinese rtvulutian ?s mxerfing zlf wmr hr”-nnnee. the gradual 3}! n we xiruulion rn favarer rne xavokalicrvarywees that nee been gerne en5- cc me sagnrne er the Parisaccurds Mo years age' nuw Ieadvng we en smrighv uveflurrl :n the rela-uoremp of rereee.

nre fears ere Ford or a Kreerneer ere undeysiundublt.The Tmpofiulist irrpcsxe an rnaeenrne Yodfly ix find»inn an echo :n Thailand, where enrnnmnm guerrillas4 \

J the

be ourvictory as well

are scofingsuccesses and where we presence ahfeu.s. bases is far the am rrne becoming a real p>\ eer ereexern rn Bangkok Ame M‘, u 2, theraremrne «nexus. -rnnperanxnrn, rne m0SVp|1\'&(fiA'rrnperzevnrn an we world, has been eeyemed byupeople Tn arms, even rnnngn it had engaged innmm! wer egennsr r1ne.peen:e- Hi: is wnnr is hopperMy mduy, an ween an Canbadia. In gphe af fireseszx, rne expe kionury me, me wrrnrkl gen...and rne Pneen-rx rrereer, me peemenrren and uhv:e.nnn.aznnen, the paytl-ookugicui warfare and lbpzflicy ennewnuy and eennenreeny currupiing «-pepmerznn.

n 2; a pen M1112 worm where every day bringflcxer nne sine: vicfiury era rmemienery bank-uguirsl :rneen-enen. It is uneeenrne. TM: nner wzeeInryi no! yc) wan, and we mus) expect new Amer-i:an muneuvtrs, cspecTuUy Tn Saigon, aimed er:n:I7nlLfnTng N7: neocclemal pnemnze, at {car in\/Tcmfim. vne rnrerrrennnes rtvcluric-nary rrmvcmcnlmm renrnzn prepuved to rapona to those rnunewersWM1 an means er an command.

Bu: fat flfirfy years rne nrnegle or me Indochinexepennies has hiqhfighfied an essgnrial home rer AA;

u Ts a road rer rne simgghx es fl-vc warkcrs or mewarld mar 75 en ahurnallve tn the refurvrfisv ezaenodn.I175 rne ehername cl revelutiunary enrnber.

me uenny nl rne nneeemneee reaxen wm bent .,vkvory as w:H. .March 2m $975

the victory

. imloclzinese

§toilers wifl

"A Fooli cw," ma me heudiirve or me reac—

now, an i. weckiy me Ecarioriisi. “Thu: Wan:peep‘: Wu ' gogaimmciiown interests,“ mervnguzirie . mm is, in mi, rh: zcnciuxbn mmemerge: im in aborted coup of March ii, Comingin am miaaie of a was and Qrvwing workers up—

surge, {he orrempled cmm srimuiaiea me mab'iHzmm or five i ' ‘mg masses, imemmed fihe maimiizo»Viori or me rank-arid—lil: geicfierx, and gave ris: inu znmbimiinn oi mg iumm amiupmm gr mg-glex in use Focioriex and migiiimimas and the emer—

sense 4:! me mass mmmw one we puiifizai Scene.Yb: relationship cf fumes bgrween the bourgeuisieam: am working aim Wax shmcd Tn may or mewiarkeis. mam. ii mmks a new mm icwcird me mpiadevekipmz-n? oi ihc Pamgme rmimun,

The attackWhy W1 such a Coup attempted’? For me time beingit is impoxsible in emu exacilyoil rhe mmamaf the upemian. Nevervbelesx, me meaning of me

mp unervipi can 9. iiiminuiea by pinging if inma ‘run-cwork wifiwiri which if deveioped

The genetalkuiion of struggles 57:-ice ma-i>emiae—,the rnuliipiicafiioii owumry uccupafions, and flu:emergence oraemnas For nafinmlixalionx keeINPRECOR, No zi, March isi were dixiurbingthe boi.-Igeoisii: nvemely. Such a ximorion miHaw ‘dz-en aiming to me pwscFii5?se:rors oF mearmy. Further, me pressure al :1»: Spiruolisr eiemtmsmu madr itself Uehdurlrig rhe Vabesfi eiecliorswmi. ii wmim me Aim: Forces Nlovemei-ii.Om-Ho Survive dc Cai\:H-in, depiny commander erCOPCON icm-ineniai Operation: Command}, bodauF5=red a heavy deieui, On iii. other hand, emmi Domino, rheiom-«er «id or me Naizmi Re-publizari Guard mwiz, one of ihe main irismnnenvxaf me suiamisi regime), was elected, .1; werekmwn Spiriulisis iike Orlando cm: and SaivugueimMaia Damian and man were In play Tmponumroles in Me events or March ii . We farmer modto you. ovzr me Cam-in barracks, the oenfier of miGNR.

PORTUGAL

nne suc:e:s er rbe seiner eerrenr cam: errer rbepublicufion of rrre Prugrum er Er.onorvvT: and seezelPoficy, which had been eeepree by rrre ceerren erMinister: on February 7. TM: eregrern was eberee-rerized by "mod:ruI?un.“ we aneraremens er ML-lo

Annmex, e reeeer by the center er rrre AFM, werepredorrfinunt rn Er. On rne cermol quesfiom — berrre,rneereeee oampcnks, agriculmve — rbe yrerre errne Sociafisfi parry ene rbe Purfido Populm Demu-ererree rm _ Pimple‘: Dcmncmfiz: berry) heldsway.

These reerere ;r.ereesee me eeeeerrreee ereene rrreer-rere; reyerebre re e puischisr gcflufian and :1: rnexorrc rrne suggcsbcd rber rbe rchrfonsh er Forcesrn mu errny weere enebre an/CH en eeerenen An beeerrroe on successfully. Nomcwer, Fact: such asrbe luck er eemree: eeerrryrry, rbe rneb -rry re

We upparlumfies, and rre zrrebrrrry re zomprchcndmain‘ rereee, en erwrraerr had been eerrereree wim-:n we beereeezer-e and me mililory rrererery by=erry years er reee-err, were no! rune veeer er N-ruxe

rrereeeeeeree yer rbe Nereb n npercfion. F'maHy,ar neer be grassed Char such er. antmpred coup wasen echo 0F rrre eree. rer caup were. being berebeeamong those sccmrs er emery nreer em-erea by rbereu enrre cmpmafisr regime, [See INPRECOR, Ne.zo, Febrbery 77.)r erebebre rrrer rrre "lc9alTsr"wTv\goFr11eAFMknew n{>.uI Hm ereeerer-rere rer reebe coup. L e—

east, uryen rnr eenrrer rbey have over V}-rtsoldlctsr-rr 75 nov excluded rber rhc Cuvvulhus and Gnngulvesesalbvrcd rbe toupanempv re 99 erreee Tn ereer eneeeeern re shengthen rrrerr pnwfifions in rrre Frameworker reeenerne re rrre pufischkls.

Ar Firs? elenee, rbe nrmrery ktrzcs eernnnrree reeerren by rbe reeeee er rbe caup appear rrereeueeerye cfirplcnes, e rew beneebree, ene some puru-

Heaps rmn. rbe reree beee "m rre rerrer re-

nnerrrr er Usbow). Eur :r weuld be 71:15: re redeeerrre rrmrery aspen! er rrre Mere». H npemlmn so\:\yre rrreee Fumes. rn nreny ..n- rrre Mficers ware Hex’rre-rne, wemnr For me reueuenernre er (axes re be—

eerne ereerer, re 3:: rrberrrer rbe 'm7fiaITve rukerrby cererrer Dumo'> pamrroops won‘-‘1 sutcced er ner,In rre Ler-re burncka, rer exenrere, rbe relaxer; perrre n‘Fr'cnrs up ngomn rbe w¢H ene rereee rhern restun: rberr eeewzere. Ar rrrereeaer rbe beerrenendisappeared.

rier erreee, the objectives er rbe pmschms. e eeneenrrere rbe erreek rarrer eemng

H-re Lrxbun erree be me Sucuvem barracks, whereL-rgbrArr:1veryaegrnre..rNe.I (XAL n was nu-rrenee; re win rrre For-Ngutze Radio Club ene rekecontrol or rue em some in rbe Cdrrrvo barracksan «be eerrrcrer Leben. These rs afRAL I hadeernensrreree ereee wrrrr rrre wurkcrs er Hue wearers

s

eernnrreaere dufing rrre rneb. azeraee er Febmury 7.Fur rre Spinolisfix, rekrne contra! of rre RAL V

ber-racks was rrree znreneee re rmneeaerely Iene pom»reel ergnmeerree re rrerr eeererren: reeeaerrrg egrip e.. rbe ranks er rrre ernyee as re coumevvcrrre renrxerrey iawurd eenebererien berweer. eerezereene workers. They hnped rrrer rm; rreeu eeebrerbern re mn eyer many emeere, nney were beerymismken. The veeeee puratroaps era rm) yr-ew rreeexeree er RAL I be er enerry m be fluughlcrtd.tne eneeyeee wrr n rre ernry eze rer run exene rbennee anr‘rcTpu>ed by rrrc orgavfixers er rbe coup.

wber. rrre eeuebereraen berwccn rrne eawzener. enewhc eerewe er rne Sucuvcm barracks ebewee rrre

paruvrubps rber men uttcmpfi bee bccomt isolated,rrey pngked up ene rerr rerner eeaeu,-.

me reeeraen er rre :oVdier: er me seeeyeer barracksix indicavfm er me mdicalizurian that rbe beepeenereree among rbe erny ranks. Farr xample, ereener msrrfbured by rbe errerere and ‘npfiuved byen rne reveaere, sergeunrs, ene nFFroens,"L1ncrfiBd'“We demand rber err reeeer; and eerep reree bexl-re! rnneezereuy, wnerber rney ere Tn me army erner, rrberrner rbey ere ganerais er ner, rbe erarnarrerattack rrrer was reerrebee agumsV rbe soldiers andofficars er rm

1 rrrre nerrrrne Shawls rrrer renberpurge; ner rrereree re rrre reserves pvevenv )|\e |:Fr—

eyer reserrr ene reeerreeery emeee er we cup er.Em and Tmpcriulrsfis rrerr prepofing [he cuurv!crr:vo‘u-raen rn under re drown me reyererzeeery eeeeler rreye.men! re breee." rne 5o\diev5 were rereeerenr xrrrrpry

re hand an! Veaflefis; errre were gT»I:n re eryzuene,whu eerri ree :., eerene-rng the bar-at‘-G.

Cellaboyuliun berween rrre Heaps ere 951: eeeererreneeyereeee re rreny raglan). rn nreerer the nrebingbe-rne bere mda)/so\dTer5 er RAL I

ere mkirvg rbeN004. TM; eenrrneee bath ... rrre 53¢ of the eeeereT5 ner wrrrreer erreer ee rbe eerezere, eyee rrreegnrerenenb bevween rne errny ere rne workers ere errenrvndced bye <:cnu'm paternalism. These experiencesersese;e.e and workers eeueberer-rng eeeaner r=uc—licm ere precious rer are mere. n.ey eer. pmv ethe rrrererrer For eeebrzee workers and reyerenbneryrnrrrrenrs re We arely e><p\m'n Ihe Farms er s=W—org:~ni1.aITor\ ene Nnkage berween worknrs and sokl rswnbrn rbe eeeeeerrye erbeeriee ewe any newreeerreneryerrerree.

Response d the workersMarch n was er-rrerenr rrenr Seprember 25 inflmH-ris ranre ir was e mnvemcnf wilhTn rbe e-qgeubreyreee I}: been. er d=panme for theeeee, Hence, rbe acccnrwm be eberweee rrre nebmzerren nf rbe in"me mnks er rbe soldkfi, and re-

m”ying N ?m'M'uVi\/as taken by the Trade UnionFedero .en and, eenzbuy, by me «en :en, 05 wasme ebse en September 25,

Neverfl-weless, me nebmzbuenb br Mbnen H weeenmsn euenenb rim emerged item the September23 experfence -

me pcs7plc‘s barricudcx bnbngecner thing.

The Porruguese Commurfisl par} and we tnbee UnFeeeTen‘e1eyee e decmve m1eTn me org$Imzu—

n of me muss m_u~/emeni, mu wax beebmn m weFuck» 2: and n the man nmenn and enbenzzenenuF pfckcvs ru oversee me mcvememof nec .e. \nForro We Trude un:eb reeenmbn :nn.nea:e:exy eened«on b general strike. In a nebnec “lat W125 widelydisfriburvd n Federation ;e.e- "Concentrate onme rusfio smfiovvs, me pen erneee, ene me ruflroadsrufions an mdcr tn crush me ceunterrevoluAH bnme whh me AFM, which enee agcfin is atrename Aem 251“

wn Ubtzon me Trade Union Fcdem :en orgarfized svfikapwckcrs, people's burricadu, and :0 en. The workerseennn:e:ene (ser,1NPRECOR, Nb. 2:, March 27)

were slowtr in read and warn H07 able '0 enen eneyenm response. we Trodc unzbn seeenbnen was7107 ubcun ha re. Tlself be ouvfianked by these argu-nizafiwm, uvvd n rook prccuuiiorks, The ebwmeexwcnkncxs 0.‘ me eee.e:nenne bndy er me workerscumrmesiuns, bnbenny znnbeneee by me Maoists brme um n Urrfifin Deneenmee Popuhr _ PeupVe'gbeneenene unn-be}, appears exeenxy vn mn r-ngmmthis 57mph: facv. rne eeennnenng body was unable#9 met? bnn nzevn bc mere» H, wnee me evuvfis

were already over A beeexebs oppormrfiw to developa eennunzea znmenye bemee the Facboriex :iimu—lured by Me wwkcrs <;omm\'S$?DvvS and nneyane an meazneeube er the csiubfishmcnv e: urgunx uf§e\F-de-Fense was Ihus ‘ask.

seyenex lucmr: dccoun? rbn we role exeyee by Mecv on meneb H. rbu;ne.».e xebe .n we nebmzaxzenifrtngfl-wened Ir: p~:s'mon and is base print to menbrezne ec me e\e<:7Tum. we cv new bppebe as medecisive eicmeni an we sfimgglv: ugdinsi rcocfiion,fide by side W-nb «be irsV'HuHunaHzod AFM that nSupports eneebemenbuy. we bexe, ewene wam aburgunizufional emeelzebubn, sneeze bccumc the

cm major mnne card Tn :e vekniors emu rhc omenpanics b; «be guvemmenl eeemaen-, me cv wan ustu we embrbn e relafionship b: «me; that may notbe rcllcncd =}er.rarcHy. Funher, «en b eeny nnbrhe. emerged rm fovry yeee erenaengneena struggleug]K!§7V1:sC"I§rl1, me “lesson oFCMVe,"whx1e'wF5HOV me sum: be the ene drawn by revah/fior\urTe5,neyennelee exne. rbe webaen be the cur do nm

in be elrmmorcd whhoul nmne b nnee. inthe . own dehnsel

Hnbuy, Tn fa:: er me emergence by no? uni!-npcrlantamen and r.emris9 forces, me cm giving prom?

even ebnny fimulmneouflz VD nnebmxe ene be nnnnand ebnnex c nee mubH'\Zu7'm1v enabhx ir rm) enwy~e vcduoe me ebwmeer mum bybnbbre M me For

Ien, but aka W “meri?" me recognifian e+ me Aw.we enebbbre enny or Hug mnxcnz (clue '0 meC») we the gqvermvnn? mes re eonrznn me Imme-enm succus ac this peuey am! we concurrent po—

Imebl eesebc For me beweee: e.

vne inifiuvi»/L-s oF me workers dcvcbpcd en xcvcrulweye k.

I. Checkpoint bamcades were Se! up eweng me

mad: (ebb-n-ng Du? be Lnslaon eee Form us well 05even; me mores mmvmg mmbb me regwlcns border-Yng s . me wurkers, wbe we.e rurker weH~urmed,

cons: nkivusly eebnenee cum order to preverwstock er arm; from being shifted abmn. Yhese bar-rfcudes ebb kept wmdv eve! nneyen uwefies. Thewnrker: ere neml F<1:§oryw'n Alcémum, ¢en exbmete,sch be b buzrimde ~e pvcvcnr the possible vnuvnm-emer eenee levees K0 me bormzks er me Areanmnenaval mnen. we workevs carded nu! neny beueneWe that. me Wurkels er Leneye Mn Nmgeevnenew Lisbon) nbc bnly enbyzeee e;eke~e Fur eeenemnevehF:\es, but bbe organized emeenen in: chfldrenweeyzng sebeex.

2 Nerve conveys Hke me pea) emeeb and neeabsfizvlam were dcfended by me wurken. rbn example,e large pkker eebee prevented me nenenel :>enn.—

guess radio and oe>eye.en Sldlion Such en experT—

enee can lay me enebnewene ren me devebpmen?ai concrete propaganda about me rbneexen mm con-rrol e; such new: centers een ewey Tn ennnelszxneen oWcnsivc er une rbmng maxses emnb me mgu

-

IE on of e general strike‘ me example er me ne—

sfiuvnng of Radio Kcmissuncc, men had been ansfinke sen rwcnry days, ebn be 5- uenxy used.

3. Them wcrc neny clushcs wfvh me p<.‘\'Cc (thcGNR and me vs») ebnane me deH\omVruVons. Thedemand For me ezebwmaen er meee rcprcssfvc bodieswas ruken UP an Farm and Lisbon. rbe a:eIee..e Mu)

my place upan we release or General were Fe—

nehu, Hue new :hTc5 es Vhc am, who nee beendammed by me p\/250175? mmintcls in me cennbburrackx, refleclcé ;\ n me win of «one eeebxe»to have dune wan me eeuee ene me enbzeme people’: relation to me AFM. u want M<e mas:

Tne eeneml. I

am free‘ we bmeen taken withme are ebb free!

The people Vicmvy! Jmeev.me $1:-erul. Everyman Hus beard me speech e;

Bfigcdier ocelle (CurvuU-no). Demo~7

A R‘ “$20 Al. 7.5. C K‘;

D an .: L .L(>\!!:.\.".DL.\L‘r)nCu-nrr. mu. u D .« 1.1‘ V.” v, V w W mrr)»“'

VJ tax‘ (3 m W. 0 N. .. mum,_u_.» M .v.n,m M W10 .4...

W M W.” . runYmn‘m W»

.,>.—‘.. H mm LIV“ Gm/um W.

man: (

na< mu.

Von m «mm wmu4;-. M.1r,.\w.\nnwFs -m

cmiic iuslicz will be handed um fathose responsible.

ma Eaale. People‘: .amaalThe Eraml. llia silumlorl K under control and

mm is aa aiaalam. All those whorm: up are under aaaiial am: havebean Mken prisurer. Jlxfice will bedone. ma people must liaya cunFi~dance in ma aimaa iaraaa.

ma people. AFMV AFM!

ma genera riam reday am let me work im peacein aiam Va iima am what Tx me SiNfl-Hun wim ma men of ma GNR rhrDAI§H-

am ma caunrry. W5 my problem.The Eaala. IO‘: mu prubleml

rla aamaial. M ii up la ma M nsxume my iaapammail as and lake ap my cnmmandagain.

The Eaala. niaalva ma GNR‘

ma aamal. wa thank yaa ioryeurcnimde,wmia» waa a grew liela to the move—menl. ll kn aieaiiialp fuse: ma.ma paaala aia wim ma AFM.

ma paaala aia wim ma AFM! naamla ma PYDE.‘ naam ca ma swizl.P:np\e‘s iamaal Paaplala govern-vv-em!

(Fmm Dluria dc Lislaaa, Naicm l2, I975.»

4. In mamy cifies denlorlsvvurozs ya. ed ma maaa—

aaamaa av #11: cu: (Cemm oamaaiariaa saaial —Den-locrufic and saaial Center], ma FDC (PurlidnDemocrdrlco Crishiu — Clnrisfian laamaaiana pamy)and even me PPD. ‘Mes: actions reflected PM un-dmsmnding that a aayalaaiaa aaama brand sever:at me pnpuluriorl ubcu! ma relufim-is among ma €ac—nam aaa paliiiaal rammanam; of Ihe aaaiaeaiaia,«specially II»: CD: and ma inc.5. HI aaaamaima M ma cmlmerrevalullarl, ma em-playces a; ma banks aaa Truumnce mmpuniex Tnl'—

Hated aaiiama that aiilmiaaiaa ' ma declsion Mnafianulize ma bunks. For a

- - lpariaa, ma

naiamaaa at iiia amiam ai bflnk employees wereaimaa at piayamima iaaaiiaa riam a table iause ma bunks la sfrenglhen la aiiaiaiya 07 Ironmaaiyaly wiiliaiawimg hmdx im oaxe alaaiaal. Foremmple, me Pam secvian 01 me aaiam a4 laaimamplayaa. gava «ma iiauiaia im a lzmfl .

'claaa ma banks immaaialaly, Dun‘! make any pay-menls. Set up aiakaa of lhe daais to amaak emmncexaia exits. waial. ma relax am! 552 «alaaliames. "

riaally, ma warktrs aamm Tom at yaiiaaa r:ws~papers immaaiaialy aaalaiiaa commmiqués in l-mair"

newspapers. the wamaa comn-l7s:l'nn oi ma dailyosaaala uuerfed: -‘ma iayalac. nary forces, ene—mics ai ma munapnlkts and laeiraaaaiaa, mus! un—5W=( reucfianury yialamaa wim ieualmaiaiy yia—laaaa, "

lzialmai maa H-lose av Seprcmbe 25, all these ucrionsmiaw imo ialiar the pcssTbHlhcs ai limlalp beiwccrlma workers ama soldier: and piayiaa very rmilaground «a ma piapapanam al lama ofwlf-clrgunizlrHon, rai ma emergence al aiaaia of dual aawa. in)he conrexr ufu wiaial nrike.

A political defeatNorth ll was a mulor aalmaal dcfwl lur ma bour—

aaa . mi; evvlevfles especially alaaily when maeven); DIE ylawaa im ma rwuFo|d perspective at thewccenlve loss of lmpuvmnv mmlp said: by the bow-geaisle ervd the dynamic of ma sfimggles of H12

workers.

Conirunred bya wailama class whaae aamaaiiyilywas law and whaxe surlslzlousness was Very weak,ii nu! ail, ma buurgeoisie imiiially mapaa to beaala Va aamy am a "prasldemialisfi" uparafiorl ma»would aiya lvxufficienv lime in devehup its own im-smnmems wf aaliiiaal rule. Yhmwas ma Invenr ofma “l:g:I“ coup ai July IWA, Palmu cailaca ai»lamp» la pmtpnne ma eledlam ama insvead laid aplebesclre am spraala_ This rvnntuver was supposedla aa aam rled will. ma dlssolufierl of ma AFM, Drai laaaiwui. ia wimaiawal liam me polniculscenc.am iaalny worked on cfifferenfly mam ma e><pec¢u—iiama ar ma laaaiaaai ma AFM umored ma gmammaai. The CF and ma SP laa aamaiaiiacaaiuppmllrurl la ma Palma camps aaeiaiiaii and hadnude maii waiam val». mam, im sepiemaai lmthere wm ma "civ'l liun CDLIP d'em!, l- ma saplamapi23 demmlslmrlon ma» was xupposed m sumehwz ianryma seizure at pewer ay riaaiaamo saimala.

Yhar aperaiion ended wim am immaaaa mubillzufilanar the workers and wilh ma mmamamiaa as {heaaaapamisr rD‘e ai ma AFM. The Pnfiugucse cv avidma liaaa umiaa Federufiml also etrtrgfld cram rhulwar as wiiiaaa.

Sins: man, we bourge laa been laying Vwo

gmms. On ma one mama, iiwia com during inpalirizul aamiea, asaaaially ma pm, i.. ardfif laalaya real iala in ma riamawam ara parliamentarysynem. On ma Olhfir hand, Meow: of ma extremelyummble dwvucler 0F ma rclofinrvship ar forces be-tween capiml and labor, ii was compelled to almaiaama AFM whh ma «ask ar defending wl.a. was essen-vi aaaiialimalaiiaia aipmaaaiiaa. In ma lam»parlod, sTnce ma beg: 06 January, ma iala arMme AFM as u ialanyaly im:.E..aam Ewe! mlaiaia

-.2

PORTUGAL

enes beerflntemlfled, wilh nne m1dinonul'nxVrumenIsor bourgeois democracy (aenzes, Ihe pori snenv,ena so on) aneneeszaexy beTng saaauee aszec. Con-curr:nHy, eausenasc ewaes were being worked eavclrvvarrg mesa layer: very much uhuchad in me oldregime, and mene were rtimiuns aeaweaa Vhzse sea-aene and me cnsernc (Chfisrian Denneenae».

Anen Mesen H, me AFM appears more ane more esme bourgeois -s amme eanenr e1ee¢ense in

a snaanan marked ay growing instability Tn we re-hfinns between me we basic ewesses. nne debateon me :nsmananau;aaan of me AFM was enemysemee. essennauy, ma AFM nes eenaennanee powex' -

own nenes. rne caiinezl of me keyemaanser

iejetnenMarch H aombhss than caeeneas ev meJunk: er Nmionzfl sexyenan, me Cuurdirnvlng Com-nn:ss:en ev the AFM, me caaneax of S'u¢e, and magnvcrnmcnfi. n mas commands see kgklu andexeculive prexepvives of H125: various aeaaes. There75 ne men mm the AFM will ny to sun Mme-mre permifiing me reprcsenrmiovw afu ciene, hm that wm ennanece aene uF- e prcdom enanae er me AFM new, To neseeae in me naaxeex

zanen Tn me anny me AFM Tnfitnds Va creme a sea-enex Assennany ereeoee ay me soldiers, wmen winwepbce me Cuuncrl e: um. As ngahsl ms eeneen—hufian er puwew, a :a>caUed eeaereneewen wm besci ae, We e;ne er wnzen are re aneyenc e cleavagehem opcnhvg up ;n rhe army and ta muinkiin mennnee fiamnnvmk mm P: seessennax, QT»/an me‘('.;\Hrvo‘rhcsimc1‘7on.

re. an Hymn‘ peviod, Vhc eueeanee eeaa has provduced e veahgnmem of renees »a me eenem of theso—<uUed 1en wing ec me AFM. Bu! 1: weaxe bewrong In consider mas sum definnfivu. A new sinke-ae Ts aen :xcIuded, especTuHy s?n:c pressure; areee;ng exened by yenzeas curren): imesneneneuy[rhe So:TuI Dew-mtracy, me cnwenen uaneeneey,ML). we AFM has In eneyxee user; wm. guaran-tees. nee swewness er we eiseassaen an me tompvsi»nan ar #51: new aeyenneenn end use nesnanans eeamsuspendhug me CD5 aan-ag me eleenen campo n[and the Mfirvcre refuxal in ea sa) are Vndicalmnsof this pnssibiliry, M Vb: rane\ane1ys;s, neny rmneswnu r-‘pend an we vcape and d rd en ar theneameenxans r>vat:Jeve7np=c1 '”‘:enMarch n.Fm vs. amcm, me AFM has aka eennee Mu Muc-asx nu‘ anans, was eeexyane the nseonae oFama|-ea.n . a y Mirfisrcr Jesaane dufing his Ix/ur=h12aness eaamense. (me baqned ensues are use MRPP[Movcmem for “we aeeensnaenen of use Prolefiufianaany) and Ihc AOC [Wurkers ene Peaxanls Alfinnce),rhe Vancr e sam (nan Ike pameaese cennesnmeenywamsn-Lennnzss, For good measure, meChrisliun uenenene parry mac), led by ex-gen—e.ex osene, a man ranked in symexa, wm ensesasaeneea.1a

The AFM eannax er me exeenea campaign wmnow be xrrcngfihtne Accord g to the new presswaw, eeeanzaanans snea enaels me AFM can be bea-nod. rne neasenee mken agcfinsl me mwr and meAOC may preiclgc further sanenees against the Fur

Ien. when were eaaa rcmons way 012 AFMse|¢ei:dthese Mn organiznfiuns M ean. rney had isolatedmenaelyes by men uflucks an we Penageese 5? es"seem raseasw and by the A00; eennanaenenwhh the 52> Tn me enennveax warkcrs urflun. meworker: response IDH1: bum was thus nnmea. Ir

is important fur neyemrenenaes Va nee adequateweys to rcspand to mesa enauenges M In demu-anana news of the wavkers nrd ea eselazn to thewurkev: whar me dangers aF ms ?yp< e; represflon

are — vn same of me secmriunisrn ev me Me groupsinyexyea.

an we Tmmediovc period eneaa, ma bungee" eonce uguh has Va aawsm me eree: ry en’ in ean—

Hts. For use PPD, ms wm ee a munerol avu?dTngbezne eaarasee wnn thc rebel ¢eenen., se es no?In Iase ground e\eclomHy. ceneanennly, me farnew could eneaee in vumics and eennnn men :e

e eeney of harassment, prevocafianx, MHTMN uQ—

Vucks, ma.

Pmlonged inslabilityThe ebemye eeae gum e sneae aneeesas to workerssnagexes. we mom Tmpormn) worker: vicmry so Fa:

nee eeen me rvuiianofizafian er rhe banks and 'm:ur—

anee companies. On mane» 12 me aaaan eF bankntmpkoyees exposed nne een.aI: -‘y as me ma nnan.cial groups with reacfiiun and aenaseee me who»-aw-eenan er rhe bunks. we bunk had been underthe eeneax er me wnrkerx who, char eneeuneIhrough me books, produced pmuf m black enewhite er the axe given ay me bankx to me eemeser me nghf ane .’he ran n-new.

me §oHuwing bunk; were ..en:eneneee- Exp Co

Sumo, Pmtw a sene Nuyur (nee rm me cneneerervnud group), Purmgues dc Anannee, Barges 5xnnee, Neeaenax U17-rnmurinu, renseeas 5. Bumay,ene Tenn 2. Azores (tied In nae cur). AH vhexe

banks have Tmpoflum fink: Tn me aneeesnye semen,insen/i:e5, rem‘ astute, arc, rneenielm naweznesrsnsesn eneneenee, Ir vs nan known whsthcr therewm ae eenneensenen. The .sa»:eaeuzane.e had aeeedcmandzd by me C? in us dmfl eccnbmic plan; bu!sney had no) been eauea «en «one Eccmurmc Emsr—

aeney Progam

From me objective mint aw y:ew, use ..a.anenee—nens ea ner rvzpresem e “revo|urTenury“ measure.on rhe ane Ineee, mey are supposad >0 anew sseeenneuznne nnenerer vemurcei ran pmiects e wedat eeais-mna Hue vnneswexese and M indmmal re-

srraasarirra; on N12 amar rrarra, vhty mu support meexport Tndvifry (Wm we ' ), W

- H 75 ma key aarrar 1h: Eccmamic Plan. ma edimfiul ar' ma news-paper ar ma lurgc prlvafe bunk n Geneva ur»der—

stead am He wvufie -‘ma smti ng ma banks, mayccnuimy tank a ‘sackllixr kc mensuve' . . .bwmar rrraaaara Ts net yac dc:isTve- n due: 11 wararaxyenfisv privme cupfml. H amply aim ar ar rrzrraaaaarrax rrrrarraiar ntxourcex rawara aawrrzaa cun-sidervd mm! araaaan-ya and most nscexury." And:a aamaxaazarr ma lancrhhav 7;, capital], aaarrarFonuguese or F0reTgn, am an xaarraamarra (waremyaanaa) sane aaaramar amaamry ma» arrxy meAFM can arayxac. " uaarrax de Genéve, March Iv.»Em wrrar -rr mpeflunr her: is raa ma ohieciivt us-aaar man ma arraearaaarma ay ma wurkers of meincl ma. maaa Hush ranaaanzaraara were me fruhan mar ma zanar. TM; Ha; bod asnmaxanrrgeffect on rara ar thousands or workers.

nra demands tar ranarrawaaarzara arc aaxrra arraaarvr»arraa. They or: being aamaarraa mm aaaaaanaraof Fucfiufies, praducfiun arraar warkerx aaaaaanarr,and many exptflencex of workers aarrrrax, spurredon ay ma srraaara ugaimr ccanamic submuge andby ma raaaany Va aarry ma arrrwaram purges fihraughra ma and. Many tmphvyers ara no waaaar wHawedra cnkcr their rarrarras, and manager: sraya beenaramau a r'ram taking any dacumervfis nu? ar fac-Farius ar Tnswunzt: ramaamaa.

Thu: aaaaaarzara and demands fur rranarraiaar-rar.acmoarrr a rwacala dynamic. sarrranmar the workersrimaxy aamara mar ma AFM take over the Facrary.rsar mcreasingly, same aanara ara aara beyond mafizndency reward delegufing pnwer. ma rrarrraarrwarirars mar, arrer rrrraarum-aa rrra central mkar lronspon vn ma Porruguese economy and me aar.-garaf aaaaamza sabotage m :>ra< a a, demandedmar ma Vranspmvmlon ayaram aa man-arralxaaa ayma end ar Match. in rm aaalaranaa, ma manaaaaa mar Tl ms; naM'onaIx'zavion Wm rrar curfiedaar, ma worku: would have lo drTve thdr truck:ra ma headquarters of we unkm, wrrzarr waaxa Men53? up a raw xyslem uF rraaraarr. ma» :r an examplear ma tor) ar aralmarzarr msawaaaa mar the Form-guts: wamarr have 555 naraa.5 Hm experiences ara aayarap-rag m amar areas.The mhnbilums as ma neighborhood: and ma mum»bars of ma warkers aammr-ar-ara uF various raaarxaa,acfing aaaar M: Tmpsk/5 ar ma F5P(Popu1er Social»7:? ram), occupied ma Maxim Hotel In order rahvnsfunn n, alzmg wmr Tvssumpmous: nfingaaax, imoa vacafion colony Far ma chfidren arma wurkms of ma 5:-nfibul dfsvricl rraar Lixbon. OnSunday, Nnrch 9, a meefing was organized thepara: and rm, decision was In nficd hy Nmdredx ofman and women worktrx and mar-r chfldren. Aaaarwry doctms go! manner «a Vmmzh ma Haranax ofma Peop\e araaa, whfch has ma sev up In the

cwaa aa Associucéo aa Cooerox Mmvos AmadeuDuane. mam car: is axyarr Freely saara and con-racr has been made with ma workens aw me parama-ctuficfl 'mdusny. 1» Cascais a ma bourgeck alaawas aaaaaaaa and Omndorvvvad ma a du)/‘core centersar awararr. were exumpks arraaaal control cauldbe rrramanaa by a mama.The domhwxnr feature is mar ma arawxga aanynyat ma masses. xa face of ma pressure rram ma rvnsS¢5,ma cw has «a stick awawy «:9 ma AFM in araar Va

straddle and thanncl ma movement. on ma aaamarar insI$mliumz|imQTnn a4 ma AFM, ma cr aaaramar "the progressive yaaaaara 3! ma army has pmendowed naau mm the means aieffecrive aanar..“The cm mara-m rar manzuvcr is veg mvtow. It isespcchflly narmw zr mar ma cw; control or maarayamarrr a nu! raauy as rzam as aw app:-med N aaarzrrg rhc mabmzauarr aaaarar e auamaxaa coup.Fur ma aramaru, me (2? 1': aamarzrra Us anarr. anma pmzsunrry, aamrra ¢ar mara aayarraaa manure;m we area araararzarr racarm.

Once raarr to nrrr parmarr, ma AFM will have armany rrazrrram-ma va amry In raaa ar “His rkc ofma maa movement. Eyary nma a zfioicn: ix posed-m ma ecurmn-flc arra social rcalm, ma mraarar macryxfiumzufiion aumsaramaar :5 prcxem. Farmer,ma aarraaazara mar have been maaa zr araar racram: me movcmcnr may aka buamemng. wmlaamawar anarrrpoaa cwp

‘rs aaraxaxaaaa, u never-rhcksx seen: arrmravy Mm v aaam tune from maurn m H-2 rrram run. ma pvcsenl :rTsis ar ms Tn:fiT—

when and ma ‘oak ac aar.«ra\ over ma ram and H:raaaaasa ar ma weakness cf rive oflicers cumrul, Phe‘caves, and the ram mar n-any scfldicrs are billeficdar ram.) make H awrm» kw ara the army as an Tn-firurvvcnv car a aaaa. me suck!‘ and ecanurfic armswin Mus aaaaaa. u me aar;aa Hraraxmary :5 pro—longed, H 2 aaama than aaa ya advances Tn a<aacunscinusnes Tn me aamraar sense Wm be maaa asa resuh u"a|| ma axaarxarraar we have ins? described.Ar ma «mud? on :5 wmaa, the vaviunl ofa aauicul aacaar ar ma wmking axaa {See xwrxecok,Na, 21, March V3) becomes less araaama.

we dumliun ar rm; period or‘ In5mbT ry mu be quirer.1ec?s?ve1u enabling ma worker: ra ma Hyassirvrfate marr axaaraaacas and Tn develcpvngu revolu—vrmary pony raaaaxa aarrr DF aarraranxsrra flatxe ex-angles anrraaala, selF—orgenizu n, and wurkevsaarrrral and arrrraxarra ma ihs basis rar xeffing maexample as a vevoimioruurysrrulegy. naany, aarr.Hnuance as me ir:slubTM'ry may Iaaa m a Izakaa be-owaarr the fell M the Fmnmnsl dicvufolshfp and marise af wwken

srmflacute a mom rrrarr expbs ya mixmm car we b¢ur—geoisie of ma uaarzarr pemnsuflu and kvr ma Europeanbourgzansie Tn gcncrul.

Norah 21, 1975

n

DENMARK

During ma pas? Mn mm; me Danish wmmg flaxhas been laced wm vwu differene old awam. pom-mw samanm. says: my ma m canlranl u r=u:—

my bourg<=aTs govemmenl headed by pay: Han-—

mg. During me spfing of W74 Hammg carried out,or rather, mm to carry our, an operdy a.«m—wo.u—

:..g~cIm pom. In mm,» did not succeed;was me! by an irvcreasing mobilizofian of me work-Tng flan, wma. many led to me you of the Hun-ling gcvemmem in January W75.

5Tncc Hun, the workers have been Faced wem uSacial nmomm mmomy governmenf that zn .e-uliry :5 trying to use us lmd'¢iuna7 influence averme worktrs m impose a mu n In me ecunamicc :3 man is mm: zaenncax m the one we Hart-

5; gaymmem ma proposed urd ma unmsessculxyanmpceu to impwemem.

The struggle agaiml HartlingDuring me p<rFDd of nu: naming gavemrrem, theDanish work 9 cluxs engaged Tn a class mggrefhardcfim wely broke bh: long period ofsccialpeace so wall known In the Scandinavian countries.Under pmsxure mm the extremely grave recessionn. the etonomy V win. an cncrmcus defic in mebalanu of payments, an arm: uggvuvufion ol meproblems of the expun indmfies, and an increasein mmpwuymemcm 3 pzrceni lmvspring .012pevcenl by January — five walking cm was facedIn 11:! to defend its gm ad g xtundmds. Therewere continual ngms m vnaumyafter industry, we».Ihoumnrk nfwurkey-5 going an mks In respome towuyum and attacks on Meir wagu. Mar: important,:2

Fbe class was am: In urgcmze three «gym responsesVa xpecific pravbcufinns by Hon‘? -

‘in May 1974 man man 200,000 walker; wem onmm and mm several Mg demuranufiansagmm.1 reactionary tax rclnrnu pushed Vhraugh parnumenfby the Huriling guvemmem. (See INPRECOR, Na.4, Julylfl, 1974)

'1» Ocmbev \974 more um, 3s,oou workers wen)on stvike in mummy win. 400 worker: who hadbeen lined by Ike lam cnurv fur having purl ipovedin “?HeguJ mikes“ during me May demcnstm mm.This vespeme from me walkers Iomsd the govern-went to drop Tts origins‘ Tnrunvian m me a maxof move Mun 37,000 warns 50rN'1E "mime" ofslriking In May.

‘Finally, Iv-are than v2o,oao workers rank Va meurea): on Nwvember 25 Tn rexpome to c «M rm...me «udn:—unT(.n and pa . ical working-floss organi-zmiaus m pram» against me pDH:y cf the gmm—men! and to demand us resignation.

rmpne of Maya very dear signs or me rigmngxpirii and mabi ‘mam. 071153 workers, the Hunt.“gwvuruvenl decided m maintain as hand

wage paHI:7cx. In reafiry, me gevemmgnr did nothave much choicn. the exvremel a 'snuofiun does not leuva Ihe mp.” ms or men ve-gwme rwch mom Io Nuke concessioru >9 me wmen.Th?s became very clear in me pefiod mediuVe4y

follwing nae November 25 demonsimmen ohm Che national wage negoviufiors heme’.me LO (Lurxdmrgunisufionen, we lmdrunion lead-mhip) and the DA (umk Arbevsgh/nrergfrenim; —

Danish srnalayen Orguriizullnn) came to lie rare-Frzlril as rlre eearral issue rrrraugrraar rile country.We narrlirra aavernrrenr rlarly srarea that irwarnae gomg ia aeeear any aareernenr between lie L0and DA erraear a "zero xolul n, " wrrial. means rmincnxlses in wages and lire elin narien ar rne exiri—irrg ilrreirala (=<»sl—cF—|iving) aareerrenrr. li rneLC one in did nar reaerr a ‘zere so1urTon“uqr::—rnenr, riarrlina said, rnen aarlianrenr wauld rrarere aan a law lmpming eaeir an agreenrenr.

Ylre warainaeelarr aarrieeaaaaeea liars poxiliorl —

an vurlous laarer. ")9 saeial Democrats raia rneywaaia aaaare Hurl|ing‘x arara aeearee rrir ‘incomespullcy was "soc ally aniarrxl lire Communisi parryaria rne sr (ioclalixnskr Folkeparl — Socialist Pea-pale’; parfyi expressed a niere general crppusiliarl rarrie irreaner palicy being preposed and re rrre iaeaat an income: aaliey in general. By rlre middle alDecember ir had aeeane eieer rlrar rira gal/ernwlerilwaala rrer be aale le win a nluiorily in aarliarnenrvar Tls porsiriorl. Ar rire some rirrre, opinion aallr l'n—

aiaarea rirar HarHTrlg‘s pony (rlie verarre, ar Lenaarry) liar: rrie possibility of inarearina ire e leelaralxrrerigil-l. The gcvemmarll aeeraea ra airraire aarli —

near and eall rar new elearianr an January 7 rarrrarrlnan go down ra eeriain aelear in a aarlianenraryrare an lire aaeerien as rrre wage policy, Hunling‘:aaal wae very elear: ra rally ralriaienr bourgeoisaaa perry-baurgtels rarer behind me pcsirion oriii. puny so ar ra aarain a aaargeair vrnjrnily inaarliarrrenrrirar would xuppane "zerusclu url“ Tri—

lervemian inra rire waee uegullallam. Hanhngiailea ra achieve rliis aaal, aria that war rlre reaeerrlar rne rail ai nir goverrlrvlerll.

Thegovenlmemcl 5

Tire vererre party did inaeea inareare rrie numhcr0! in rearr in aarlianrenr (train 22 ra 42), ear in

gamed pumly en rlre cxperie ar lhe arlrer baurgenkaariier. in all, rre bollrgeaix aarrier larr loeeare(declining rranr ll2 re I02). lire worker: panics iri-(mused rriei. yepresenlalion iranr as ra 73 seals(saeial Democracy iran. 45 re 53, rlie sr rrarn 9 rall, rne cw iranr e ia 7). one rewnnkuble reralr inlire eleerian wax rne rlrawing rnaae by rire vs (verane—safia - rerna — Len saeiar Is), a lair eenrrirr partyner pveviamly reprasemed in aarlianrenr, whizhobmivled 2.l aeraenr av rra vow and rrierehy wanAsean in aarliarnenr.

lire resul or rlre new eleeriens aeeasrrea rire gave.-n—rnenral er on the one riana, ilbemme elearaarina rne aerreleerian nnnewerina ihur Harrlirlgwar unublz re amass a large enough area 0! beuwgeeir iareas re lrare a main ly behind Ms plan iora aarernnrerir irirervenrioa in the wage neaariariara

aimed ar iareina a renal black on wage increases.on rrre arlier land, the seeial Democrats reieeiealhe idea of forming a naiariry eaa rrarr will. rneVenslre parry, aeaarne al rieir ' erences over areincames policy. A eaa an between rlre saeialDerneerarr ana rrre arirer vorlmrx aarrier war our ofriie aaerrzan aair. because of rlrre saeial Democracy‘:rnrrl rial reiearian ai eaaliriara w lr rile CF andaeaarne cf rlr.e reieerian ai rlie soeia oerraerarieirrearner policy er rl-.e cl>, the sr, ana riie vs. Arrrar mare man eaa nrarrrli or govemnerll crisis, riiesaeial Del-nncrors agreed re larn. a mlrlerfly govarnrenr based an sareara ear ar l75, abvhusly he are be alrle re play on rriirrina maiaririer parerierlragerlrer wirrr errrerwarirea aarrrer aria some cl rriehows]: parrier.

lrre =1e:Vum|m1u|¢s reileerea rrie xhifl rlrar has ae-curred in rlie velariarishlp er rereer within lire Durirshwarkeis movevnenl dur a rlie aarr aeriaa. Becausear 'rr rarren ri9hr—wmg policy (which ir nae arrernpreare rripare ar a rirne when broader and araarlerrea—riara of rrie warlring class are being arawn inia mu—ailinarzan and rrnrgglei, rne saeial Democracy naebegun ra lrne ire rraairiarral hegemony aver H-ie Watk-en naaernenr. ilrir ix new aaparenr even an rne elee-Ioml iielel. U-«ere lrar arirerr an aaaarilian rlnar ml-lies more H-ion ll aeraenl ai rrre rare mflonally andmom H-inn 2a peroem in we big emer. Even rlraaanrnir aaaaririari liar a relarnrirr ana eleclamlisl aaliey,i is setn by a big pan or rne working class as anulremolive leadership in rlre smuggle ugairul rrreeaeiralira. This arrenanienan ir even nrare prunourvcedin rrre rraae ania.-a ana liar become a dangemus ae-velopmenl rar rne saeial Denreararr. lr eeerre an—likely mar may will ler ir so an wirnaar nrairiria arianr re regain rlre grnund rriai has been kn, u|—iiraaalr a: yet mere are na signs ai raeri a light.

Social Democratic incomes pollcylriraaariear rle develnpnlenl er rhe arerenr economicreaereian and ilre aeriaa orwaae neaaliarianr, rrreSocial Democmfs have been urging rire workers rabow ra rne "Trlkiuls ar rne aaanrryl aria renmirirrieiraernanae rar inerearea wages. rrrer rrave arl.raaarea government lmervemion ii lire wurkeis Pryra nbvain “loo rrraelr." serare the «all al Hunling,rrie saaial rzenraeran were able ra drcxs up rneirineenrer policy and rlreir aaaaer n ra Hon 9-;araprnalr wirlr rlre demand rar a socially iarr —

comes polity." rar rne rnaiarir, ar H1: worklngalaer, was naralearwiarr rirarnreanr. Orllyarnrall vanguard arrdeaoeea rirar ilucmally anraanreara an arraelr on rle livirrgrranaarar ar ll-le waykevs.

lnnneaiarely arrer rira rarnarian er rlre s menia-crulic nirrariry government, a big show was pul on.lire Lo and llie DA begun to Show obwk an impend-

rs

HLMARKing eereerreprre on in: labor nertrer. we wage nego-noeiem broke eewn, ene LO begun rowern ereerriire by irr rnere men 300,000 wurkers; rare DAeeenreree wirr. ire Hveuv ei linking eer the auu,000workers. aern rrre L0 and the DA reieereei rune

pro‘pure: or rne arbitrator in rire eeeerierierri. The hour-gceis and seeiel Demo-crari: eewreeeere, along wirirrise reeie ene ielevhion rrerwerze, begun speakingofeconamiz eereirrenne and rrre xpeckv er 300,000people ouvofwnrk

ir was in - :KTriu¢erhm1hL- seeiel Dzrriocratylock rne iree ir i-ee been ereeerzrre. "re eeyerrrnrenreeeeiee rrre ereeeeei er rire erieirrerer ene eieeee iriresere eeriienenrer e propmm new. obyieeeiy,ohk ix wner the capitalist: nee rreeee re eeieir. rrernrrre irer ine DA‘; reerie wer re reieer e proposalrner wax in reeiiry yery reyereeie re rrre enereyeeand came rrie neeerierierre re brcak down, rriereeeiine rrie some ereeerei re be edeeree by pqriiavnenr and yen rne status er e iew ereeeree by rriesoeiei Derwcrucy. trier rre wage eereerrrenr is ac‘mafly in the inrereere ei :r.e eeeireiirre is eeire eieer.All rreneere ei LO warkirig in rne e.-iyere seam:have re eeeee: e IwL7—y<ur yirreei wag: Freeze,wirn eniy yery :rmU change: ine mm: wag: resIri'c—riere wiii be pieeee on rho workers in Hue guifli:sector. the size er rrre wage increases re be grarifzdwnen Vb: comm?-living index pmses rrre rrrreirierewax Tricrzmud by a srvr<IH erneenn her in reeiiry rrierprnspeafivt Tricmusc in wages riei eireeey eeen ne-rn,nrierr~i ee~ oi exrarenze, For rne eriee index was5:1 ei isc rer Jummry i, wiiieir wieee am e 2 eer-eenr price inereere rrier nee eeeerreri nreyienriFineliy, rer rere sake er “xaciui ieeriee, -‘ riie eiy.-devvd payments win neye re be kepi er the ieyeiivsraad erer. Nnvcla A, a r. Aculous measure rneieyery capitalist win iine ways er gaming arvwid.

on Meier. in me wege iew wax adopmd .n eerr.e—nreni by e serge nreieriry eeneirring er rnc seeietuerneereri ene il-as bourgeois parties. The eriner work-ere parties yeree egeirer.

Rcspunseof the workersrne workuis rgipcrvse re rrre seeiei neneeererie law

appcan rereeexieei en rne eerreee, especially whenir is cwwwvored wirrr (11: wmkerx msponses re Homing‘;yeriee: Nwumlinns during 1974. In seer, the reac-rierr v-us \C\y ii red, earning in me rerrn ufsorveerrikes erre ziemorslroiions. About 30, can wnrkenwenr en rrrike reriherr perieds, ene ner rvme rrien5,000 wurkcrs rurnea eer rer e eerrrereirerien outsideeerlienienr lo prams? against the eeyernreenr inrerevenl n This pvetexfwus called by rrre FnnnmId5-

five! (crieirrnen-r lnmuiive, an organizationer ieeei eeee-enien erreirmnr and was supportedby rrie cw, sr, and vs, rre same krces riier bod14

usenbled rnere fihari12U,U00wor1<er3 re ereierragainst rierrling eniy faur rnenrre ereyieesiy.

But rire pumdax is eniy eeeererrr. wner ii rerieersin reenry is the we er rrre rieyeloprnenrer classeereeieernerr ene eeririeel cxpericricc amcrig rneworkers. A mg per: ei ine class hex engaged inrreae—er.ier. xlwgglu. Aeeinrr rne openly reeerien»ery Hnflling geyernnreni a me eerr or ice we 9dos: eeiririenew ire niiireney. me reerrriere nreeii

snnllersecficn of rne warldrig class saw any reasonre deniorislmle in niilireney eeeinrr H1: seeiel Dem—

eererie iew een be exp med orriy eerrieny ey ineeerereno inereeee ir. eeenrployrneer rwirn ire eeree—quem ieer er’ less of ieeer end by rrre eeeiiierineerre unprlyicipied naliriu of rne erber workeis par»ties. irre irrneenenrex expkxnutiun lie, in rne elrereeeeiirieet frumcwwrk er rire guvevwuem znreryenrienrTM: riree ii T: a social nerneererie eeyernrnenr rrreris Tnllzrvcriinii Arviwfis rinc area: nreieriry er workers,rnrir in riie seeiei Demucmcy rim nrre high.

wnile rne response er rne mosles ufwcwkcrs iliesrrereerne mivs er rneir eeiirieel eeyeieenenr (rircir in-ubilhy re ree iirreeen e see I Dernrrererre perlia»rnenrery rneneeyeri, rne 1 :1 and riernererreriererrreraia rake pieer iueerreree riie rerrrer inrereeiyeereeare er rne vanguard setrinns er rire warkingeieer. me enieyere workers svuad in Hue iereirenrer riee xvrikex. Neeriy nH rne shipyards rieeieerruiiubou) 30,000 workers) were en sfrike, serne ei rrre

brewery werkee in ceeenrreeen and rrreny er rr.eworkers in me eererreerien iridusrry aka weer ensrrike we eeirrien er these varigmrd wnrkers weesummarized by Johnny Lnugcsan, e rnee sieward eribe asw rreeer cerneeny wrno eerri puree in thedemarnvralianaulside parliament I eeu rnis (theseeiei Denreererie ' reryeerien) e vreasuri eeeierrme working eiers. hdeservesa response. “mm Ts

ne pair-n in rire 7rude—¢mion mar/amen‘ eerrrrnrringre give mil‘ re er erewre re rne Social Democracywniie the see iueneererie eeyererneni wakes erew er the arbmululk propusul me rignr re Freewage rreeerie ere Ts new e big Vusinn. rne inter»verivieu Ts curried eer wirir warnings ubou) rne gmveeconomic situation. Anl<L-i iergereen (me Suziuiuerneererie erine rn aishtr) is inei using ire sumcereenrenri er rierriine used rnreeerieer W7

What next?in rrre riierr rerrn — riier is, rne coming five er 'xnrenrne — ifseei-u eniikeiy rner rnere win b: bigrcspmlsa by roe worker: re rne chuck err Hi vingrreneeree. we political level among rire names ofwarkzrs ii eei yersrrnieienriy high ier rnere re ieerrencl ck-c rye eiew eeeinsr {he ineenrer eeliey adaptedby e Social Derneererie geyernrrrenr. Bu) over eieneer period — rrre rwe year: durinu wrrieri fire vir~

mul wage irneze is Io rernarn in enreer — rne simu-nan mun be evaluated rmerenrly. It Ts unraulixvicIo enmre rnar rne kw rnar has been adaared wmhe rerpeeoed. n Ts enough In Tmugine wnrar wm nap-pen wnen rrre pvesen) rnrernnrranal ve:essTon give:wey re a new rrrrzarnr wzrn a new rapid rnereaee Tn

znnarran, aernare as men as the end av rnsr year,rne law wm ne tum Voshrcds.

Ine eenana periad wm be a damerrxr one For rnesae;n| perneeran. rney wm be xnereaqnery mmbetween their areennr nr-wzna paHcy nrd rsne

Vefiwmd deyereprnear of rne warking class. onyx-uuxly, their neem new nngenanyw nzn are clmxis mxmke, and ii rrrey do nar rnake an od'us¢rn=mra me radxealizrmenor rne wnrkaax rney wru den-nzrexy lose rnar neeenanie rare. On the erner nnnd,rney wm soon be forced rd confmma demand byrne hou 2; panics rn eernarnenr mm nrnner flapsbe Mken raward easing the economic crisk by drar-fit: emaake In such‘ exp-endTr\n9x me rrara bud-gm TH; rrny nrayzde rne me around wnzan theSocial Dnmocmvx rry rn adnrrenr rne enauenae rneyfire an rne |cFr. It is nar exduded rnar eney WHI

decide in nrake a Ien mm on rne qucsfion ecreexatexpervdimres, dissolve the parfiamcm, and ean fornew eneennns wnn a cumptfigu nared exalnrzyexyumund «nag qucsfion. ThTsw<w\d, neweyer, openup new passib lie: for rne muss rrnraare.

In rne neannr-e, some vevy srnearranc sm.~gg\cs nayebeen going en Tn Ieeax areas. Fur are rem Menranrns, :ixty—si>< arwnnng workers naye been anstrike agarnsr cnrean 91 wayarn and rne semng cfH-we Urfiplim erxnenea. rne warken nnr rexpundcd«a «re threat: by acuupying rne shop and recrrrrnara uccew any ergreenrenr rnar did nar nraranreeHM-Tr Tobi. Became of rne rarrn raken by rne mug-9|: (one rreauy rnmranr anxwerat ll-1: vaararylcycl rd rne extremely nzen ram af unampiuymeml,:r wa: pmfible re inh re a nananel movnment erranda rywnn rne prrnnng warken. Ine Fm!‘ 92;:in rnrr war reken by are werkevs rnennexyee wnnrne nraaarrer rne revel»! nary Vefl, an parueularrune xsr (Kevohniontfre see amen Fcrbw-:1

- Rey.»wanary Seclulkt league), uanzsn section of rare

Fourth nnrernananas, and me vs. on February isme name intervened and rnrew rne warkevs enr erwe :1-op. rna su\TdurIty rnuvemem responded by ex-pandnrg in ucfivifies. Mdre rnan rerryracomm: ices rnrananaar oenrnark (and somewere re: up. we warken primed rwa mes cf ar»r:ke newrpaper, rne second in 200,000 wpiex.Tne weadersnzp or 61:: arrnrers unzan was rareed Inrrnraarr the strugeflc (char naying htsimied ar rneeenrnnwngl and declared e blnckade ugflrul «rewnznrer eenrporry (owner M rne shnp] rn arder rarneyenr me aarnpaay hum raking am we nnchirtsnnd doing rne werk xorrewhere else. Ina; Huskodewas endaned ny rne inrernaraeaal arinren unlun and

nrreered Smndinuviu, Germany, aenarrx, anda . Ar the scum Hmc, Hm: workers nreneevrerre» na n eke! nne. mmide rne ceerary dny andin under re areyenr rne nwnen rrarn remuving rnernaemnae.

nr

Ine mT7iNnl ae on L77 rne rrxry-rzk unznrznr workershm begun re rnrrmare drner warkere ra aer eeearerxayarqr. me um? Tmpanunl case so Far has beenrnar of rne rnandny warken as Subroe-Osr, wnnwenr an strike ago nrr rnr xdyenar rnree as nrewr

nanrnder.

on March 14 rne struggle ar unaprinr tank a newrurn. Ine owner or he rnaa rad unnuunced rnaranxy rwenry-rear of rne wnrken new be nnxred.Ar rne ranre nrne, a Financial cnmmiltez reyeaxndrner un fin: would no: naye been Tn Finandal d}F—

hculnes rr rne olhm xecr‘?om at the WhTmcr eern—

aany had paid {an pfices ra Unipfinl. rne rrnnredzererespunsc of me werken was a new otcupurion Ow‘ rnenranr. on rne rnnrnine or Maren H rne werken re-enrered rne Shbp and began prudvttion again. rnareyenana rne pcfice imevvened enne again. wnensum: of »ne wnrken refued rd leave me Fucmry,.1-ey were arresled and raken la rne aanee slofion,(They were releaeed rne tdmdwrna day.) This pelicn:nreryenr;an rnarked rne end as rne nuke. The rexe.rienelnzp oi Farce: Wm szrnpxy rea unrdyereble Forrne workers; rne eanpany was ree large and rne re-spam: cranr Vhe sfaf rne Ieeer rneyenenr was run

nee. In add Tan, Ttwus diseaveued rnar rneHockode nod ner been effective, are company nndbeen able rd eanrrnae its producricn at anarner Knea-nan, airhough it n nmcleclr wnere. rne warkeewere compelled re renaanzze rnar rne struggle rnwve an rne yen; nad becurre impasxiblc, aw rneyrefused tn break mwks. AH the workers mmsed rean eark ra werk, and ‘he dernaranzrnn erienn ofrne dcfcutwcre rnnr nnmed. Tne struggle ul sanree-05!, en rne rrrner nand, ended in victory; nu rnedemands or rne workers were granted.

\n the prerenrrmrarian in uenrnark, n is exlmmeVyFmpurmnl rnar struggle: I?ke rne aria nr sanree-orrand unarnznr end In vicmvy, varrnexr example;could represent n mrnznn pcTnl Tn me ngnr agninsrIuyufk. Up ra nmt, nenans naaxnn Ieyens havebeen nnmed and genemlly defealcd. Unis rnade rnernngale of rne wdrken ar Uniprinfi and Subme-Os!err-nrnlly Wnpurtum. me reyamznnary Nmxists errne RSF rnererdre set randarny wark warn Hlese 57mg-gler as rlnezr cemral msk, neraine re rnrnd rne bmud—es» paesn-re so rrseriry rneyenrenrand rospneud H-we

emmplu and Yessons of rne nmggles of rnere work-ers as wide as pasfibb.

polamI—the burgtucracythe workers

The faflvwing vwu articles rflafing M the swanan in Paiana deal mm shu:PumV xpecls ofPnlish so<;Tely. 1» Fuhm: me: or INPRECOR we wm return (1: ma cenguncmrcfl pmbkms nawfaced by the ram workers, pdnicularly me oggyuvmiun an ma crisis af Food :upp7y Io macanes, the long fines mm are once uwin appearing in Fmmui xmms, Me mrmng and ofherinciderus mm have b<en Nuched off by VH5 xhumiun, as weH as the unimde me rveghuc hataken.

"In confm y mm me will M the wankers, whichMs been expressed Tn an Wt macnngs, upcn vo anworkers, um have been he\d :n ma aapanmems,we demand : mediate aaa legal aweanana to meIrudc—un7on aa and to the workers Izuuncfls.“mm was one of me demands presented by ma wnrkrer: of llrre sumxn .mpya.as to m - “hmrs" onJanuary 24, me. The fin: szcraiury of maPolish Unhcd Workers party [Phe Poflsh cm am nothex: cc to respond: W Fm me,

\

um amararaly:,. luvarofv ' Because you wam in. And remembermar.“ Am: : remembered, peaaxe would Yike touvvdclsmnd through when rm'ruck- ma Polish bureau-crucy could have ceded a war D5 pawe: m wam.ens democracy. In Fact, M75 was nu! ma Hm Hm:

am W45 rm! the ?oHsh bureaucracy has made

we premises.

1 REK After che warBevwecn Anguxl WM and Nnrch W45 ma nudeman: were a.aa,.m.,a on an levels, especially( ES m Mme Fucvnries that had ma rich naamm ofecunsumn: struggle before M: war. For a pe pa arsevcml week: befor: ma o9'FTc:a\ regime in maRK had am an, maaaaa, am am.#625 a..a n:n1<—mvd-Weunion orsprfizaviom uxuredma udminisfrulion and ram ng a+ the fucmviesThe 1945 decree on me Formation av Foclory ccnwmitfeex ximfly sancfiened an already exkiing mmMAZWIGEMENTA; we bumaaaranc regime bewmc simngcr, meby JULIAN NAT trade unToru progrexively lav their imaonam and

16

betame mere oorurorr ol me state udm? sfirmibn.Simuflriy, Tn van u1vdI948N-were was o Mun r-o

Had:-union oermry mar rerr ro an exuggcraredaenrmrm of me rore of Hm made .. zero as “co-pmducerx" orrr: Fnsfirumnnfis cor mob -rrg rrre rrorrrera increaxe produuion and are orooeermr, or labor,re the devrimcm or wear rore as eookoerrrrrr (or wewmrreorore ?n)L*rL*5?s or me workers. the bureaucracymoo orrerreo mm zha rrrrrse rrrrrore “5¥ouH rmrser»nund mo: me oorrrer-tr (mor is, me Factory o::r1mir-tees‘, repvesenr‘ ncl sarrrory «re rnrereere cf rrre wark-ens, but aka are mereere or We rrorzorrox economy."

October 1956The walkers reron 7n Poznan in ma omrroeorrrmrro evidzntc or rrre pmfmmd malaise of meorrrerrrrororio r0gTma. rrre wurker: of Puznun hadexecreo reprcscmufives errrswoe rsre orcrox madc-uninn bndTe: ro oreeorrr morr po'1ruFview ro theaurrrormcs Tn Warsaw, thus to M9 the omerovunions’ lax: of preenoe, me urfions, errrrretysmmdTna)L~d Iv me pony and no the impcmfives esymducfiun, rroa lung fince ceased to repmsenfiarra aererra me rmererre or me workers, “ omrmeorm nzselufinn or we omrrory scssian of me rrooerrrrions (mu Nnvember 15.15, W56).

Anorcrer prrerrorrererr aka came ro rare surface dur-o WI: ev=nI: or I955: nre workers councils, cre-

oreo by Ike warkcxs esrerrrexroe, were rupid\yspreud-rrrg as a oewrrr-er in me anrrnorr and aegerrerrmcrrror 20:: so-culled wezorarr eyrrerrr ororomrro rrr me

"people; rserrrocrocy." Yhexe eorrrrem shorrwo have

1&3‘PWNAN 1956

pmvided me means «or recsroblishing me orereror»rwo or VH2 oro<errrr:rrr 'rrr me reol reree. error wearmnsphere cfsn-ugglc «room me bureaucracy Tn

pcHrTcul, ecanorvfic, orro Sofia} rare, rho eoremu—rzorr er the warkers oorrrrcwr could have ereored mefiumcwork For workers éenncrucy. Th: wurkerscm/ncik expefienced o peficd of “cbb“ oerweerrwas and Jrrro 1957. The" «boy were “s¢ubWxed"and mar place in me eeorrorrrse we or the eorrrrrrywor narrowed and made more and mare rrrrrrrrx.

we existence or me workevs councils was IaonnzeoTn Nuvember 1955, another case ofsuncriorfing analready acbamplishcd fat}, 5; zrr W45 wrm Vhe roe-Mry eorrrumeee. nor ?kqu7:k7y Eccume clear thatme bureflucmfix ore nor rrrrerro ro recugnhe rrre vealoorrsrzprrnorr of rrro cmmcfls rrr ecunmvfic oee onrmkiner n parnerporaon mor was rrererrsrexeer in~harem in me dyrvami: or v'ne muvcmem. yr. 1953,are regrme snughv rr.r zhuwnu‘ rrro flex/eVupmerW orthe eeooere mrooorr ‘He zyeufiun or me corrrererreeeafwurkers Auiunomy, vIhTch were rer up Tn me lac-Varies and wen: composed orooeermrrs repr¢scnr<I-rarer eleerea by «re wuvken (are workers eorrrerorooermo ca||=d7r Dn=4I|M'rd reororerrrormr orthe pore, txdcnfive eorrrrmee in me fncfary, andme reer reprererrronrer or the Factory imdc~unioncouncil, rrre youth orooorzorror, and mo arg:In7za—Hon or erozreerr and Dec}-wnfciurts. Lagkaliy, Ivworrxo seem rrror are workers reoreeemnoo shnukiHave been greorer in are workers councils, or rear»Tn View or me name of rhcm bodies. errr here arervre om on iigues: About ?u,nuu errowoyees panic-roesrers in are workers cm/mils, of which rrzmr40,090 were blue-cellar werkcn (Ihe percenluge

11

POLAND

runs 9 Yrom 499; ro om, depending on me cann-e.I>r in me orosioiorn of me workoo sonrroiis meworkers roorosoniorion was oooor 2o—4u pemenl.

me roie or rrro conierenoes or workers Amnorrry,wnieii bod Iirniieo respoi-nib as and weie subur-oinoreo to me degrneraved rrooi -uniom and ineooriy, was reorrioroa ro irrseeoiing the oorninisrro-vian on me iooiories ono in: working oono ro.Wh we me npporvvnilics ror me workers‘ raking inirorryes on ooosiiero a! munugemem oisoooenreerime by limo, inn Vrvde-union oonooiis conten-noreo rnoro urvd rnore on oonnon-no oroeinsriorr,rney ionoroa mo oieierse or no hfleresvs of me wageeorners (wages, workino eono ans, eio.). con.-oosod in ioroe pun al “prulessioml eoiiyiso, ” Sameworkeo council: were

- iced N roriryino oroieeoand oeeisiens or he rnoneoenenr. nre repre3enm—non uF rrro wovkevs was orriy syrnoo .o.

December 1970in V970 and 1971 e-urine mo reoeereo strikes eiongrise isoirio cons? ono in orner oieeeo rnrononoorPoiono, ihc workers snuggled ror unkms II-ml wooioibe reprascnmvivc one inoeoenoeni oi ii-,e regTm:and for rooi workers ooonoais noioing pcwer. LetI)! quote on emmple rrorn o dedumrion mode afternoeonreor mo: "aeninn rno ‘workcrs’ Facade woorron find o nmmw gmup orspecielisis and omoreiycpvtseniuiivu oi soeioi arganizaliunx. I? is mejame rhino in the cornnnssion on vrooienn or in.werkors coooeiie. workers oorrioroorion is rnininoi.For example, ono ieerory wiorwoo iookeo Inn:of me iweniy. vs members of lhe commission onlyone is e werkor. This business could be Ivmcd ioroo ioke — How nrony cf you are Men” onon ~ iiirwere rum wen cl xerlws iiiing and no ieooningrmffen ii Ts >MssmaH group a9‘:pecTuHsts ileoi,oeiino nneor me aegis or me workers council, wr-ries our mo leading funcfiuns in me oorn.r..snor:onor me lucmryand semen on probVcms rner eornoup. rinoi is me norn or «ire manor. inoro ero xamcoorouokieer simo Ions; ior examplz, e ewoion rreoowho at o rrernoer or me oornnrission or the workerscuwicH nos Va eireok on N12 very osriyiiyqorwirisnhe is resoonsiole in hi; oooooiiyof inncrionory rnrne hcmry rrrnrrooerneor. VF NI «iris ir as added rnorrne ma‘ nous oreserneei in we workon oeonoiis erein gem‘ or provided oy rrro membefi or me mnnage—nrenro. .

ine division mas, the Image becomeseieer. oi_rr, workers oorerrorny 7: no mare inon ephrvse.“

in another errio re wrmen during mas ooriee, o icin-noiisi quoted sow: statements nroae by me workersor one sdorsk and seynio shipyards oerer iireirnnerino wiiin Gicrek:- "What did We supervisury personnel have io guy?is

Yhey only Iinened in us when we cook oorion. ii

' "‘/cw ask me about oor workcvs oooneilsv I knownoriiino ubmn iis nrernoers. I co\1Hn‘f¢v¢n nameone of cnern. nrey cxixr only on paper.""“lr's rm mme wirn ri.e rroae nnion. sore . . .there‘; reoieorion, ioorn, and so on. nor on in.nrosi innononr quexficns iris nooor around. ‘-

~ "When ii on srorree, rrroy eii dixnppeared. Wewenreo M speak, but rhere was no one no iisien.we stood in iron or «no neooooorieo and :aHcdcor someone in came am and see us. Everyone mo,rne ioerery oornniinee, Vhe workers snorrsii, enoour nooe—onion leaders."

in 1970, os during mo spontaneous rnoyenenr Forme oreorion or rhc workers camcflx in im, thaworkers armed rnorrsolyes wmr oernoororic argunixa-iiors tended ro rnoke up «or the deFTz?:n:?=x cfmo oriieiol oroenizorions, TH: seeoeiiy iorself»oroonizorieo, u: weir in me orirer oinerooieris In:or Vb: rnoyenrenr or Deoernnor Wu and Junuovymi, iuneiroieo wnor same oeenio have ooneo in.ennrroaaoiion "baiwezn iino onrwirrg rnonrriry orrno wnv|<?ng class oro fl-we oneoreeyeioernenr ufsuveio tdemccmcy. ”

An eniry oonoociers in 1971 by me Peiisn weeklyPoiiryko revenicd moi an eeroenr or me workersooeerzorreo wart :nn::Fous of are lulu meWccHvc-rress or rneir reoresenroriyes ono slaled moi mmreprsemufivts had no inrinenoe whatever over merrronooernenr oi rno rneror me basic H-irks? or rrredemands raised by me mike commmez in moSzczecin shipyards was iowonn iiro aornoerorizorionei me xlruclm-es or oower and F rhe economy, inaddition re innoroyennonis in living slunduids erroworking oo oro, rke ccmminet demanded realiroeoe.-en rrso ior the workors oroenizorioro, noroioiyrnroooin me raigmfion M We eisersoireo leadersoi the cenirol Trude union connoii and me oonsirnc»rion oF )rude—unT<ms insionenaenr or me regime onoccnhvlled by mo unionized workoo rireneeiyos.

Response of the Gierek teamin me woko oi inc events oi December W70 o de—

bum rook oiose onse ugtlin aver rne pmblem orionns or rtpresemufiun and pumcipafiwn or me work.ms in «no nnnagevuen) or in. eoononry. Yhis oeoorodrew a new bularwe-sheet on me innerioning oi VH2

oxisiirro inooiose rne umuns, me workeo councils,err: «re Coulerenoes oiworkeo Amonumy. Someproposak weie mudeinY‘771ar\dY972 rnoi messedo new division or rexpurm . iries, wirir en intrecsean rne powers oioniee iine workers cow-c7l on moquesflurs oienoioynrenr and aiyision ofwagu —pwwevs dkfincfi i.o.n those of one onions, wbme rel:

wwwd be we repraem Me warkels aeran rhc manage-neew.

wn vcuwify, wne response er me Ciemk ween, wn na-wewwae ew <;:e.ew<'e ewn eweweneew in me 57 ewurkers ae szazeewn aw-rd in vwnwawwan 51 the pmposalsvmde durwrwg wwe wq7w—72 dcburc, was we wncveuwewe dependcrwce or we enzens and »ne wudcers eaen—cils an we bureaucracy. As regards me Forms aw

workcns orgunizmwo-1 Muwwem crcut:-d xponluneauxwy

dwane slrwkc: aw December “WU-Januaryum,me Gwerek gndaews vcspome was unambiguous: thebureaucracy moved :2 the wewew end nnerezwee Hqui—

eewwen of nneee 5urw'rw> oforgunizmiurw.

wwmwn wee urwwurws Gwerek wok advantage at we de-wands For the remavul er the: mosw dwmedned weedaeto uppuim his own devoted coflabommrs wa weadwne

pass. As for he rusks ac wne wmdc unwov-3, me Sep-Iember w7w meeting L75 wne Cenlrvl Cummwrvce erme c? was eween “Tb: wendennenwew task er «wne

nude urfum was? be we carry ouwconswswenw aewwen

to wmprove wurking cantlirwurws. . .Aw «no sum:

time, wee urwiurws wnesw cooperate wn wncreuswng «no

pwvducviviwy aw wuhur end we sfrerwgfiherwwng xociuwdwszipiwrwc,“

me new kahov eade worked e.» we W73 pewne wn

me same dwrecrion. lw devotes Hardly any uneruiun

m wne unions‘ ml: in paesxirwg For the demand; afme wovkeyx end stresses their task: in areas wike we-

xeeewzan a; labor, seeemy, nygwene, neeewng eewge—

nene, ewe. on Hwe of}-war hand, vurwous eewne in«we cxvde :.ewm.e H-we “mciuw disciplwne" end "labordkciplirwe" new are requwred we uvder in increaseproductivity.

wne eeneeeereey-e repressive arsenal ugainxt wwne

workers was enrwched by Me June 23, wwa, wew en“the prwrwcwpwes of me (emmwen end dwwsian of fac-wry Funds." This wew pmvwdes Far reduclwuns or be-rwuscs (up to and including their wewaw ewwnwnawaenwwrw cases e rvcwwors er the wmk mwes m as any"uniusww wed absences." wn addmee, Am-ewe 7 orhis same waw claswfies penaewpewzan in an arbwwmrywowk swvizp-we as an wnweeewwan ceawvewenw we when

or druvwkenrvesx. When ww we rtmtnwbercd wwe ww Ts

fihurdecidex wbevher ar new e work ewaeeeee ‘w: “arbw-

wary,w-

H becomes uppur Hwwuw we wew we newn:ngbut urw xmequwvnouw antistrwkc law.

Ykcxe rreaxurexFww squarely wmu ene “vwew"eco1wam'w<:

and sucwaw sirmegy pmcwaimed e, wne Fn$w's|-w waeeeeafter wm. nee m is m wncvease Ike produclivwlye; laborand to weeeee wubor dwscwpwwne we ardrer M

emu ecorwamwc grawfib, wnw-en wrgelf has beenmade e ceneznen Var me wmpruvemenr er rhe ww-wne standards er rhc warken u

2. “SOCIALIST MANAGERS»wwwn wndusfivy the (High, like we who fed,

mewe ogreemenr we we system, we-wen im—

pwwes Maw mdersarc to be currwed em, urvdwney find w: eenweeww, rwmuruw me» a weed dw—

recmr has an emee ww». weameewwned deeeand e wuxuviuus urmcw-waw'r, en-wwe u depurfmtnrneed has a simple emee wwrh en ovdwnuryurmcbuwr, e Fmenwurw Hus onwy e ene-n behwrwd

e panmen, and a walker has a xwnwple neaw.”— A.K. V/roblcwski, we wnewwnae pwene, "

Pnwhyku, January 5, W74.

What are the <<wurkers councils»for?A rwgwd ewemrewwy m wndustry and me rule ew "peksew‘ neneeenwenw,

‘K wnwen means what eww anweencenw

dkcisions are made by me need dueewen end an weeeeenew responxwbwwwfiy ewene e ne wne

eaennwee er wne East an eenerew <2 Pakmd wn pur-iwcuwur.

Th: wew, 1: is hue. aka ewwawe For the possi

aw en inrerver-Hon by me "worker: eeenewws as meenrtrpruse" wn me neeeeenwen: aw ane workpwcccsThe “workers cbuncils“ wen: burn ufwcr me wvseevcrwl: end we.e carwceived an M1: nee ee bodwes erwarker: 5=U—murwugenerw). am me 4:rw'crgcrw:c erswugam of wne we

w-awwpower M the workcrs eeen~

ewe” wruwsed purwwculnrwy wn cwrclcs cwosc ro PuProsm, me wezldy :1? me wen Vrwrcllecwuuw waxcrwe cf me mawot reamm FM whwch me bureaucracyvrwaved wn Ivy re pul me braked en wne mew endrrwawcalwzufiian H-wafi ned begun we wad.

Gwvcrw the logic er Gumulkak em—w957 pewwey,Ihn: wewe er me wmkcvs muncwis Hus became puralyFutmul. As far back as wvss H-way wave invagrmed{No me *weenreeeneee or workers aumrwumy,

ww wmcw.wozkcd we eeeneww ereaew» enterprise me e s)ruc—mm dnmirwmed by «ne wade-unwen corvwmintc andme local parry enww.

one er wne demands er wne workers revowix wn mename pan ewwwes in wewe 1970 and I<77\ was mewdemocratic eweenam we we wedeers counciwx be

we

POLAND

ineid and via: iire power gramed me eavneiis byiaw be racbgnized. The resaanse ai iire irvrearrarais(this wine, the Gierek ream) was clear: onee mesrriie was aver, nrany ar me niiiiiani wurkevs wererlurewri ear ai iire yuids and dispersed iiira..gi.a.iiaiand, in order ia avert any reaviidina, ever. em-bryuviic, of me rirveives cf wadsers self-manage—rneni. ion iiris aainr, see “Gierek vs. rie Workers, ‘-

VNPRECOR, Na, in, oaiaaer 17, iv74,iThe deaaie an iiie role of iie worker: councilsaeened ay inc weekly Paiiiyira in i973 reveaiediiiai rie eoanaiir were generaiiy iinriied ia rrraaenstamping aeaisiare made by me rnanaaerneni. iinevery greai rnaiariiy of the mervbeis ai llnc eavare arinrinrs rare and svaervisary peaennei. 1situariori is "i'usliP‘i:d“ av riie raie or me cauriipureiy ierrnai, aavievsiyi in iie occtptunpe atme eeananiie aian isy iiie enierarise. in rive very

i

rare can in which nine aaaneiis came out flfifiimtiire views or rise rnanaaeraeni, iirere was ireqaeniiyrepressian, direai ar Tndireci, uguim) lhe “rebels.“

in arder ia correct iiie aansiarrraiian ai the “work-ers couriciis ees er speeiaiisis,J. Maziurxki, me aainar aian inquiry an we raieai me aaaneiis (Pe|iryku, Sepfnndmr 2v, im) pm-

nme rire cauncHx' iernrai control overaian. on the other nand, ire proposed

me. the aaaneiis be devaced ia the dercasc or mewurkes (TM; is iiieareiieaiiy iiie task or iiie nade

- Poland, aai they have never ivirriied W5iesk sinee iie averiinraw or one aid reainei

An inaviry made among ine wurkms and supervisorypersannei aieariy revealed rne diiiereni perception:ai the Msks er riie councilx among rine Mo groups:

QUESTION ANSWER

workers xugervisnis

TeThe workers aaaneiis are neaeaary bz:ai/se:i

. They have an ineiaenae an iire soeiai pruh-Ierns ai ine workers.

2, They defend me war-irers.

3. Tiiey are cencemed wiiii pmdunian.4. iney ireia iiie wnriagemcnt.(From Paiiiyira, seaienraer 29, 1973.)

24.5% 9.2%50.0% V6.|%13.971» 27.5%2.7% 12.5%

iine task of eontruilirvg iire nranaaenenr ai vie «rulerarises was mi even nieniianed, despite rne fuci iirai,according ra the law, Ihalxhwld ae iine arineiaairaie nf the couricik.

ii ix inieresiing ia rick especially iirai iiie maioriryar super‘/isms wi.a answered ine quI:xii'or5 (eeniraryid iise riiqiarily ai workers] saw aidine iiie manage-men .n various (arrns as me rnair. task ar iine wcrk—

en cmmci is.

sane arriaiee Liar example, w. Piair, zyeie cae—padaraze, oeiaiser 7, ivzi, r. Kurczymki, u.waieieeirawa, zyeie Guspodurcze, Ncveivter 14,um) aarned iiiis idea even ianirer and prvpvsediirai iise worker: eaaneiie luck aner labor disciplineand even orgurfize ine iayaii or "huririiui" workers,an i clcee eaiiabaraiian with iire munngeniem.(Ari nr eie in a coming issue or INPRECOR wiiideai wiin "worker; democracy" in wane.)under iiree eareiiriese, ihe rrranaaeneni, and espe~eiaiiy rhe iread direciar, iias virirraiiy aiasaiaiepower wiiiiin "nisi enrerarise. Very ireaveniiy rise27

workers mgunizviiun: (ilve unions, me walker: coun-cils) piaya role in increasing iise areesvre ar. riseworkers. [H must lie) be lurgoiievi Mai Iivexe orgu —

zarians, I e Hie mumgemei-i>s, are administeredisy bureaucrat: ei iire puny.) In iire very .a.e caxcsof conliicr beiweeri ii-ie manogemeni and the orgurii—zufiors rim are svaaased ie reareseni me wurkus,the efFe<:rT~/eriess of ihe Courucik or the unions donnor go aeyanri iiie iirnirs n1 defending one individvalworker, at best.

Iiras fveed irarn useless eareirainrs. “oue—persorirvimiugeirirni“ can iaiiy newer in Poland.

Strength of a «socialist» managerriie caste ai nsanaaers is asseriing ineir rnare andrnare as a reai ieree in Paiand, Ir nrasi be xlressediirai we are naiaeaiina iere wiiis ‘Wechnacmix, "

Ihui is, wiii. ii.e iaiaiiiy arengineers and rniddieaadres of me enlerprhes, ire» exaiasiveiv wiii. avery nanaw iover nF top managers wna are, more—aver, clasely linked and even aariiy a

- - ted

ia ya. upper Iayors ar the pol ax aaraaoaraay.The kw-Izvel anainaar, aysn no may iorvnfirnesaniariain Wusions aaaar nis role and apoarranirias,ix n raai more aria rnaro oaina aasnaa inra ma aasi—Hon 0! a rararron.

nu: srranaih ara mo clumnomy of mo Iayar of rnan—

aaais are an ma riss Alrerxly in ms, wnan Try—

oana uaao, rn. amaial organ of fhe Puhxh unirsaWorkers oarry («no (:7), publixhed an orrzaia araizina ma “ve:hnocru7?:" ianaarraias represemeday roa aaaaiar woauy PoHry\<a (anion aia, .n iaai,rraaosniiy present Hm aosmaai of euro raannaaiaai,a aaisganon oi rrronaaais wanr ra aornoiain aavarathe Cenmzl cornmmao eF We puny. rna very exIs7—

Deuce a; ma aaiaaaiioa was sianinaani. Obviuusly,N-were ix m poiana no amaial argarfimfian or rmn~agars, ana ma rnariaaois nara no riam whatsoeveria send delegufioni,

The Pom n-nnagers no» anly oroyaa rsrai Ihey wemcapable oraraanizzna Vherrwelvtx raaialy ia deiendmair yaup inreveslr may aisa made a yary arraariyoiniaryaarian ma aourorai in: article in aaeir 7),Mysaak, was oaiiaaa to make a public se7F—crirI<:ism.Tim was ms virsi nanzrasrarian or me xncngllw ofma rnoaaasrs, may proved irransaiyos )he only pres—

sure group riiarwai ro aa anowaa ra confront msregime in was

Gierekk corv\' a «a aawar in ma rannar sawin-anaa ma oasi an or these “cupluim ar soaiaiisdusfry." Gierek ninaau came ra his aosiriorr as riisisaaraiary ar rna cr wins Me repumfinn or aaxra theman who had been aola ia “IN: the Decima-crms" in silasia, ma masfi irdusmufized raazan orralara, were 5- Mk unaa aaan rsasonal puny Set-vemry oaiars W70. He 1-sax

an anaznaarx aiaiarna,End hix son is a member as ms Pans». Academy QF

5 rice: and a professor in ma Academy aF A/fines.

The "marrrs, ‘-

a. rroia axaariy me change: in rr.arr~

agcmem, niraaaaaa ay Gieyek consisted rrainiy avaowsiar a the oawar a: ma irrarraaars (apart iron a¢ew tnncessions an wages, which woio in any oosamade only to the workers or ma ai * uxhial emer-prises, arwharn rsra governmcni was aFraTd),

ma aa xrruvive changes in ma irrarsaasinoni ofenherprissy ma regreupnem oi enlcrprfscs by mananasinra aiaar iaaasirial :ambTncx cnrkwed warn a greaterliege: alaumnnmy (known as woes) ~ an Vhese

ahanaas granted more rraoaani nf deciskm ia ma nan-aaois or «re anrararzsaa.

Aaoaiaina as «a. now "rules or me so-rrs, “ he .ran—ngevs «rorrsavysi can aararrrnno how no inyasi purlar Ihe prams nl “rh:ir“ «asiary. may can moreaasiny aaaiaa wirarsori or products wiH ht nnnuFa<:—

ransa. A aaaisian vuken in I973 iniraaoaaa "pflce

clcsficify“ — usyxlem mar parrniis xomc iriarkai oias-surc Du prices roam then, oriaa. had aaan mad cen-nany by prTc= Cummlxxlons). unaar ma naw syseain,rho muntlgms can lower the arias or a new araooaiaoiow rnrs prite moo by me zenhul price sairirrr —

sion in oiaar to sfimulale sukx or ma new products.ur mllsf nor be iaraonon rnai rho aim or N-we inna-duct n M now pmducls is to “repiace“ oh! oroaasrs"of Tnlerior quahry“ oar or lower aosr. Even the"a Med" ariaa ar the aaw aroaaar is iia aaniiyiiianar man the prT::: ar «aria aia pmducl, wniaisappears iron. the marker. \'hTx sysrarn permirs arioesro be ruistd wiflacwl vialufing in. amazon oriaofveeze.)

Aaaoraina ra ina aaalaraiion or a man Polkh 9'unr.—

Hanury, ma olosrioiiy or oiiaas supposed ro “per-nrzr ma develepi-n¢nv oi aaraoeiinarr, encouragerna aayauaoranr of modern Ivnrkefing as adoptedM aarsoazalisrsysisrn, ana iara saoporr ia on maiaraas or nvulkehng rinar aia now aaiaa araaioa inxnaosrry, cbmmerce, ana saryzaas.“ (iriiaryzaw wmrE. Szymunsklr direcvor ar the domexfic aarrrnaraadivision aaiara ma manning Commisskm, zyaiaWalszuwyr Jaiyu, um.)1.. ansaiiaa, ma rranoasr rroaaonny nas rina riaisiro lay ufiwnrkerx. Up ro now, VH5 rTgH has narbeen Jegafixed. Bur me now labor codz, wiiianwas adopted raaanriy onar workers aaoosziion naairaw aa iis Tmplemenmfiun cor Mu years, auawsma rranaaar la penalize works}: Yur dmrkenzss anthe iao . aria roi unfush iaa work sloppugqslms Iairar aiaaso nos been used as [usHF' anon Far

lhe Iayorror Edward Eulugu, en. iaaasr M H-we wnrk—

ars revohx in ma shioyaias uf SzczA:ir\.

Out of the isai neg ala advanmges won by meirraoagers amr Gicrn-Vs raiarrns was a oorrsiaaraaraincreae in their ooriasas, oraoorrioisal to ma ‘

-crease in ma aiana as ma amararisa. The Xpeciulboruuscx, aisirzisaiaa ra rrra workers of ihe emerpfisewiro have oara-rnaa aoaa ecuuom' rooms, are aa<—

calmed aaaoiaina ia Mu arnori . “added produc-vion," wnioa rtflecrs riia mcreme In ma oroaaariorroi ma Fuckery, and direct aronr. mesa boluses areshared among ma wurkcu aaaaiairia ia --rnair rolain ms crcafian as Ihc surplus." Needless to say,ma role oi the rvunager M the araarion or rnasapm corsidemd oraaa rir. Forexnmpie,Tn «bio War‘: ara Prxyjain aarriani iaaiarzas, wiiaiame new oanos syslem was irriroaaoaa aaainnina in

ml, in. saroias of prams was divided ammg maworkers aaaoraina N a xysmm ai aazna r ed onma oasis or one a”:g:d Md-ml oariiriboiian oraaas. poison. ma lvmnoger gels Au aainis-, a Femaleianilnrgevx 1 oainr.

The now system ufnnonagemenvwax aae inrmducedwivnoai oraalarra aria manan. Arlicls arsoaaiaa

21

POLAND

ethe e.eee [Fur example, "A Test For Meeeeee, “

w. Grachola, Polilyka, Sephervber la, I972) rneleanieleined deed: lne lack er ifiafivz er sonicmanagers in spite al We mw aeeenuei lcs open tolnen. Or}-«er nenegen eemeleined chem lne "anach>mnTsm" of eenein eennal 5 end deem lne muexlensiye intervtnliun in Ihgir eliale Imm elaeye,dedene lne new din.-cfivcx.

Em eeen (mm lne mall pruhlerm of -nix neneilianelpeniaa, waste! in: managers die n anale verymuch aeedl lne new increase in Meir pawer.

‘How to be loved’I? Ts eel av my laen N be e good “so_<Tulisr“ nee-agar. Too mnegen in dixvrexs, zyele «seepa-durczn (fhe mulnr ralzen econumics w=el<|y) publishede long sefics el enielex in 1972 an “the an of beinge rwanugel ,

" lne nelenel me aniclee were basedon eensisled er ieeeeiell smdies en lne en a+ nan»clgemem conducted in the Wes? lnoleely in eneveiled Srmcsl and en parallel smd?es couducred inwe usslz end Pelend Ensed en HS mdy of linewedlale dnzumemx, the elnnei er me articles, w.Kezeen, pruposed e Series er "clL1sx?:o1"rel:ip¢slne inrmducvinn an en emeieec mancgemem s:cre—mrim, -:uuHll'cd naneeenel aides; skin fillerlng0‘ ee end leleenene dam la lne manager, em.Hc en. added a Few proposals adapted le H-we ‘lie

iufiev :O.lrv?r:t:s: eeiennenl cf ndeegee le M'M Vunrl e er neeen wilh PH: warty uppavums;nexinmn l-mi (Mon er H-icir eaeaal iwr:VTon:; liniila-liens en neennes wiln organitmiars el personnel(eeanein, nede aniene, eel. lnshou, lne uni»cles propose me» the (gociufisl) manager not be een—cemed mm enylnina bin beivvg e good nenager,ad is me rule in all «be advanced indasnializedeeeemes.In reading Vhis varies el articles as well as alkcr

Y

ar anti, lne eleei Tmpresslan comes ucmss rhulIf e nelieyed in lvelend lnaleaenenie peeelanewill be neziaeelelely rzsolved If luclmy neneae-n.en~ of lne Amerkan lype can be eelileyed; andlultkcr, lnel -

e Hulls efforl and e new edninnerye rcfarrns 0-lis een in ma? ee eenieyed. TnexrmH d Nivencee EL’-/earl nee economic system

* ' lne Mu colmifies are scarcely man-

in en aniele enlilled "new in Be leyed" Ma mLm—

eeee expleined me pracliza el me an el nuv-iage~n.em (Zyeie Ekenemiczne, July 2, w72.l The W?"-eiple '5 qulle simple; To be loved ene mad: eeneellone’: submdiriutes neni line la lime. ll is uselessro canyult lnen. laa when, «an "the Workers will bevery neeey and will ee er lnel lney are parfic

- lna manugement ll rne monageroxks lnei.

edyiee bdore eeen Tmponunl deeieian relative ineneelene as labor organization and eeiseeeel. " awrne.e mun ee ha mistake, lne udvT<:c is pur¢Vy can»xulmhve, dined or ineaieyine vne personnel‘: leeI-ings ubulfl lne Nnnugef, '0! "il 75 en absolute ml:lnel rne deer . n must be mode by lne dlrecfnr alone,and ii is ne aloha who is responsible lei mi; dee-sian. ” The mcrasencl principle ei “personal leader-ship" is no? in rlngd UPON. If‘; belver ne be loved,bu) yw danu Fool around will. uzsporulbilifies wi¢h-in me laeleey,

The inclined planeine eeeeemie eneages made after two conrriburedle doubling eelween W70 end W72 we nwrher ersolnria in exeee al 5,000 elely e nianln Mic per—cemuge erealanee reaching lnel Ieyel rising nan.2.2% to 4 we er lne lerel during lnal period). eellnel 73 DD! en exnemeiy men salary. Hue nli mumwage at lne line was lne neignnainaed er l .030elely, but lne emeiel mlimee de nel nxpluin wneis geiiing yne selanee er "mm: lnen 5,Lmn Joly. ”

Anelne. index as ineeealily Ts lne gap wween Me‘owes! end Mgksfi sulurlu: In I972 lnie ligene W0:on me older er 1:7 beiween me {west 27;, and mehighest 2;; er eelaiiee. And For lne nieneei 0.2747H niael nel be iorganen lllel lne omezel Salary isanly e Ymcvion of rhe real 7ncom= ernien mnelien—enies. Id We ldiee salary ml be added vne nenyeaelees end lhe various nnicriul advantages, likeFullyscrvked uparmcnvs, «eyel abroad, end so an.peealai eenrinlenl Hos il Vhul lne cfiffcrence hevwaenH-we rl\GxTmum and minimum snlufies Ts aiealei. seine5% el the eenieieaee in an ineaiiy on wage: con-ducted by velilyna (May 29, ml) aelleyed lhellne gap between Wages Wm nieldei. Polhyka nied)0 exelein WT; popular “uruv" as e leek er inrenna.lien on nigh selaiies. According to them, eeeeleimagine Wm! e Factory dineevei earns more liienID0,0l)0 elely a nenln. ln IN5 Inquiry ¢e calledFor a nlexinlnn salary =FE,DO0 doly; lu.l:~>/e bc—lleyed lnel lne maximumxnlury elieald nel exceed4,000 zlely (Ins; men vwlce me average salary ellne line), and anly 7.9% we greaf maiorhy ofwneni ned e Hgher edaealiee) agreed thar We mu><—

imum salary enedld exceed l5,ooo xlmy.

The captain! el "sacfu isl" indeeny nave na seriousproblem ndnieg ems neel. Meir aeie salaries,wnien are already nel eseeeially low, Gm boostedgreurly leepeeiellysinee VH6 im-mduciiun afrelul-nu]by boluses and various nielenlel benefit. Nerenver,since GT:re|<'x nedaelian of one “new nedel ereeeielnv ¢DVSAImV an, " whey neye dlleeeeded in"legalizing" Muir right to nleleiial privileges.

me new nedel ereemnellen, widen was inna-

Szczccin, lm. Wclrkcrs burn the carmaniri parry neaelaaariers.

duced by lne aenlral aannninae ar lne Palisl-l uniieawarkea parry (in June l‘?7A) in line eaaaarianalprogram lar pclfy members, ullcmpls la ekalain eraiariily ariyi leaes in durable corsurvlcr goods (espe—

aially ariyare can and nausea» in a mclulixlsenielyA cumpalgn was waged la explain mar awneamacf me consumer gaods in queslilvn is nal a Xign alpeny-bourgewis arlimdes saw, an l'ne eannary, re.»veierlls araal aw rne aalnieyenena cf rne naaay yilla—

ana-aalarnaaile araarielar in me laailaina al aaeial-ism. Aaaanaing la me aarinirian ircquantly repeal-ed in mi; corllexl, saeialiern means "to aaen ae-covdlng Va nia walk"-, rne raai lkal xcmcarle ls allawaala have a aeaaliral House enly arayee ma: lie ha:warlkea very well.

lne lrliriul aneieal a: me Gierek aayarnnlenl whcw

it launched me "new model aflzcmwrlpriurl“ waxprobably in niaa ize a xeclion or me wurkers andlew—raak:na anaeryieaa wiln me prospect er aeauir—

ing allralale cumumer Quads cl me eea» 0F lung yealsof ariyaiien ana saving ana in Ania way la Tnducellrern ‘u (urge? lne aaily prublenls mar begin walkilre laak el meal ana end w-nli the analysis el We

pullhonlsiml: n. For me rnarnenl. me iaeile hmrailed. very xermws problem in il.a comlmttioninaasiry nave areyenlea «lie cursnvcliurl ufa s' —

ni ieanl mmhcr as in yiaaal Means The lrlcreuxein rne -

e cf ail (me priee al gas in Palrmd laaayis lrialrer «nan anywhere eke in Earaae) lna alaeea«lie use er aulumebllex em er N1: reael. of workers."lere vermin: me rale al the "rnaaal Fconsumpfiorl“

as a plausible explanation ler line a n of inaiyi-anally owned anianlaallea ard houses among thosewlra elraaay posses inern, “H-lose wlra have comrilrmed «lie mus! to line develaplnenl arsaeialiern."

For me real, ii is net anly a aaenian of dumbiecarsumur 90011:. were an cllsu lne eaan “burlu5es“(no! anly lar those wka work rar expurl}, "burl-A25“rlwul iaaay permit lne pumhcsc ar ulmusr everything,even gut-ds Mu? are anaalieally anayailaale an wednrvlcsilc valiali narkelr were are, For example,annual vazuriom in HM Wexl, far as eyeryene knows,ll 7: anly in Me Wei) lnai yaa aan really velux.

llne ‘lueuref Tans as morlagcxl-rem in valana like laspeak al ine lklrearnlinea slruclum el enterprisesine aireeiaa find iliis sbmclvre ineaillaienlly stream-linear ln ine ariiele “Vic lnalinea Plane" [quotedal rne beginnhlg er mi; ariiala>, rne aainar explainsIhul "Me laeeary is like llne army; rial or all yeaobey orderx, clfk-rwards, yan aan lalk aaaai ii.“A dream rar managers.

the "socialist managen ralana ieaay aniay vl'r—

raally aeaalala powel in ineir awn aeraain. Glvenlne ubscncz of any inaeaenaeni workers araani-za—lien and the anenan m eanailiaiina, buying ail,and inlearaiina ilne nianaaea by «lee oienek govern.mcnt, wnien ls in Search of aaieeliya alliee aaainelHe working class, ikeir aemian seems very stable.an anlike lheirWes¢em eelleaaaee, Melrpowcran» no! reslansulld economic b es. Tbeirposl-

n, whlch derlvex irarn ine peli eal power el mebumoucmls, ls lmlrvlmely linkea la the bureaucracyana earrers rrani all its weak":-sex. we "egalilcl-inn“lenaeneiee al inc ram nave nar aisaapearaa, awail. the pmpagundo campaigns or me regime ericizlng these tendencies, in leer, lheyremulrl lineal-ening. Yhe alane in ?ulurld is indeed inalinea, anH laala any solid supperl. II rnrearens le eallaaeeor rne Vim strong wina.

2:

~v.é rail“

’?fll!rt’

.. mm :!1:;.;:..

3,I} »:mi ))‘W1

We are publishing below me ed?¢v'

..........._.....§ §__

;.5:....._.,_..._..,...5 :_:__= II)!

W‘W//’M!MamyI3!}?me» eepema in me his! me or Nmrsm Reye—

lucionéfio, a new yeemax eeensued by sympalhixcys er me rem. rmemanenal in nmzn.M deck WW1 me e{eCf70r\; that look pweee Tn Mar eemuy last Nnwemher and wfth mesituation 0' me wemng class and me werkers vanguard.

IFur me popular masses, me ereenem N15? rookplace Tn new Vast November I5 repmxcnrtd ebreach 2n the panorama er rcatfian and an -pepmer terror charocrerimc or me post seyemr yams.Daphe H1: Fact Hear me elccficrs were nemmg am

a crude Farce based on puppmbipclnlxunism, anddespite me lac? me. me exemeeme men in tuck!rhcm wzwn very narmw mm, me mosses rook ud-vanluge es me eeeenwmy Va cxp rs: Vheh dw'scon-Mmubom me absence ofdemocruric fights, thewew wages, me me». cvsrufl 'mg, 'mnm:en, un-employment, and me precarious charvcter of peeveon! main! servTces. The behavior e: we mqsszx wasno? marked by me npafihy er the previous years.THs change in me ':w:ha\/For 0! Ms: wnrkets and popu-Var rvnsxes was xympmmtlfic .4 me change that wasbegi ning ha occu mexmere enma. H-«Ts waseeeeweme even before me clqcvium, beg'mn'mgwsm the radicafixmian me: had becmm upparemarmng eenemoexazseecen. 1.. ram, Nwexikuafion2,. me woridng dun dur?ngT9713Wnscburucmrimdby me rebirth em» amnspheve or mesre Mu?reached ruvhev signmcank pm_aorh'ans in mm: 32:-Cars. In me ABC regbn and in San Pawn mm Vs,

the backbone e; Hm mzmen working cfms) therehave been a num.b¢r ufxnikes, and there have beenwage ncgoviufiaru in mm: of me mfiiuf faclariex erme oounlry(Vu1kswagen, rm, Chryxler, Agos,24

V'\Harex, em}. In me cases :2. workers havesucceeded an vdnmns wag: Tnueaxes, and TH mostcase: my have ceugm rhcfr struggles Tndcpemienfiy.71 me emezel nude umbns, Phmugh ckindexfirxecommission; meemee ‘m rho iucrofics. The impor-mee of me emergent: D5su:h Xfruggkrs, even rmey are ebmtnvury gee, :; clhsahnely incanrcsmbleg;ye.. me prescnvxfluavfan an Emu.we smdenv mmee, for {is part, :3 mereemery Fae‘-ing me hafiuencn ofcmu -

e vanguard thnrevcnm we b|a:l<r.s1 puiod er rent an and rcprcssinnhas mfceused Pa meggxe For me recrpnizuiion eyme ucadmvflc ccnreys, uguhm eaenulm rufiTunuM'zu—tier: e: we vm\/crshies, and again}? education forpew, me emggree uyfrsl represfion have .eswe.4M Vhe rem.eue.. eq com-meee For me weree ofPL7HH<a\ Prisoners.In me cmmlryxidc, me slruggkx er me mmr laborers,5em1prulemn'an§, ma mow ramsewnee, ammugl-Imy have gone unnoficed by observers m me whencarvers, have nmdixuppeured, Tnsame cases, meyhuvc cven msuhed Tn welemana mugh eonrneus.

Avomized, Frwgmcnrcd, uliermred, and brum‘Tzedby me xiiuufion er exrreme poverty, e><p\aHaI\'on,uni oppression under wmen 71-wcylive, me massesSpunI<IrveousVy viewcd Nowmber vs us an oppomrniiy to deliver e resounding "Nu" m M: min-myezemen '

. rneyneexy, m: acfion wan em n:on—sequcncex (Or we rum, and ar deserves to be <mu—4yxee Tn more detufl.

we araieer oi iire maae; agairai iire rrriiirary

2 diciuinrship reeaiiaa in a yieiery of A/nexpezied‘propori In car iire bourgeois parry af "deme-

cruiic appcsifiun.“ iire arawiir ai iire Ncvimenmnerrraeraiiea araeiieim was — araziiiaa oemaeracieNhvemem) wrprised eyea iie perky‘: awr. ranks,as weii as iia blii-ides! urvd mos! eraiimirr i:i:Habo—

raiorsa The MD!) won me seraie aaais irr sixrccnmam. ii war. mare mar. a rliiird as me gems in meFedevul ciramaer [thus reairierimg an iaereaee arioo aeree i, which riaw erraaiee ii In ierm termmission: ai rriaairy, Vosummcm rv-'iri'isi<is, ie ayesee eammirriera, End so an. ii ahmiried niniuririesirr me legislai ye axsembiies in the riarer ei saaPaulo, ma erarrae aa sai, Rio ae iareira, Parrmd,Amumnux, ara Aere, irr ad on ia Guuriabnm.ii iritreuxed 77$ weieirr in the municipalities, wirereii won in aiaeer rirer iaa bacri rraaiiraaei bastion;ai rim ARENA [AHun;a Renavadum Naeiarrai —

Aiiiaaee for Nuiianinl Rcricwol), we Mm won 70

aereeri ar ihe yaier ai mare man 32 mimnn vmlers.

Bu! irr yin wayeia iira eiaeiamai rexuiis rcpreseril ayieiary Mi me mosses, raraaaxieaiiy, while iiiemusse: condemned me u"i:ia':>i3hi'u irai appranesibcvii, iirey air: so by rirerameriira a aeriy ar iiieirow» eiarr eremy, ihc bourgtoisie.

in iaei, me maiar and I€£u"oF me change in thecHuru<:ie1o‘7hc MDB aner ihe eieeiierrr 1: mai iihas ceased ia tan a aaaraeair parry curidcrviricd io

aairaeirm, V’ ira. rraw aeerr iraraiarmea i-rie a raweiemem irr me reiaiiarema ai Farce: amama me rareions seniors and iaaiiara ai me raiiria eiaer. ii nowrapxestriix rrai aalciy me mieiaie iayere mid peny~bourgeuis eeeier, ariaeiea 5y me aeiiam ai therrarraaaiiee, aai aira appears as iire nnuihpiece aimarry indusrriui and aarariar senor: ma: raye beenmi ay iire faiiure er iire whaie eeeierai paiiey aime rearme. ii i’: aeaiarrirrg ia consthulc an eierrarriar eamireaieiiarr irr me huge»-uni: bin: or the bour—

geoisic, aariieaiariy in me wink: 0! me aeaiirre acthe ohsoiule aamirrariarr er warm Arrrerieam eapriaiara uf iire relmive increuw ir Irwcsfrncnts ariaierraiiaa iram Japan and me cammari Nmkc: countries.

we number ai MDB earraiaaiea ai working-classmigiris was exiremeiy eraii (aiiiraaai iiiere werea iew area earaiaaier, iirey were iirm eraaarierrof iie rraaeeariarr bureaucracy); me aam riaai aamepariem was ire indusirial ami bincnucmik: aaar-aeaieie. In iire rarai areas, which aiwayr yaie iariire aayerrrmerri, me grawiir ai iire was was a re—

raii of me zumpuign to aeieaa me iriiereris ei rim

lmif-uridixrus aaa we demand: ai me midi-He erra bigrarai bourgeoisie. mi; campaign was aieraiaiaiy raibased err aerearerrra me eayeriy aria Sn;-erexp‘i>iki—oiarr of iire rare: iaaarera ar arr iire ximggie kw aradical aarariarr nfomi. nai wi-in? eire eaaia iiayebeen expzmed rram a baaraeais aariy?

The Iinks between iiie man and he aaaigeaisiewiii riai be weakened now; ibey win he 5:r¢rigih>eriea more iirarr ever, 0: aaaia have aeerr expcciedaiyeri rhe paaaiar aaaaar: arrrrrerea by ia carvdid 2:.The new raie assumed ay me "uppusiiicn pufly"win ae iiiai ai a "pony ai order“ raaaariirra mesirengthenirigor iire regime and via; aaerira reweiamreir aieommarrieaiiarrbelween H-ie raiiaa classand H12 miiiiary aayerrrmem in an eeamamia ar.a

ai riiaairarr whose areaaeere are rari.er un<:er—

MDB arra Us earraiaaiee in are eieciiuris? ii T:

absalaieiy necessary ia answer mi; quesfiun.In the eirai aiaee, it wcx because M’ N-ieTr own weairenesses aria the greai weakness ai iheir yarrgaaai. lavie areeaaiag eieeiiare (I970), iiie aaeierriiarr raiewas 4.5 pcrcem, ama of me builcis cast, so aereerriwere void. This aia no! reprereni a ma» ieyei ml

masscomciousnexs, howevcr; rairer, Tiwusa reeiiee m ai iaiai opcrluy, iear, GVI1 iaairiererree.imr year,

Hive niussex war»-ea ia express meir d -eerrieai wiiir iire aieraieraiia, aai «irey aia so inasporirurieous saririar, wiriiaai FciHaw'irig the ieaaer a party Iepvesenfing Meir eiaa inierexrs. Ai iaesame iime as 7) expressed a pruiesi against ‘Heir up—

pressor, me \/we also renaeiea i|\='i( iriaaiiiiy resee eieariy pai eaiiy and re iirai. besi menrsol stvikxng e.» are weakening me aaareaer. Thevole iar the MDB was the expression er an crionmuxaieearierri that eaexais win. a law Ievei a: <:mi—

sciouxncss and araamzaiiar among iae araaa masses.

3Why d?d iire workers and iaiiera raaaari ihe

.

The MDB aaaaarea as iire ariy aaiaie aaaa arrForce; ii maa-e use ai rhe muss eamrrrarieaiiar meaiaimaiaiy ieieyazami find posed aaeaiiar; iiiai iaerrerifled ir aim the Tnmrcsis ei ii-is masses. ii iaarraeeeeaea im capitalizing an ihc aaaaiar discuriieri!ma: has aeearrraiarea eyer me years. No are irar

any ‘illuximi nae yere av me milers rar ii-ic manaaa iie candidates represenied a earraemraiiari aime miiiiary aieraiersiria rraer .-rare than a riaiemamiai aiieaiarree re ma "den-iocmiic“ bouigeaix oppusi»rim).

i.. raei, me aari rcwrd ai me NDB as arr uppusi Ionear», Jan; rrai provide much grmmd var arriirariarm.ihe MDB (S i-he areaae~e> a busrurd Fusion an meeia PSD and ihn remnim ai the PTB arearrei a wurch—werri irrrerriea aya eieeree or me miiirary aieiaiar.ship; iaier ii was “pur5cd." ii Wm N-we upposive eieyerymirraa "derviucmiit appwi reraaia iiayebeen. ii aaiea iar callabomtlun wrm iire rrriliiaryaiaiaieama and «er modemiion, becoming ar ac-com ree in an iire trimes eamrrriirea by are bDur—91-oi; miiiiary government aaairai me aeeaie. A:a rime when the izraziiiarr buurgeoisic was iiaaiaaiimgaaraaeraiie riama iri araer ie save iis reairrie iiie

25

BRAZIL

we did nar naye mi. inierea - mobi\' Ing 9|-A:

masses and ximultaneously try a re hoid men am.-in me Fmmewori< av’ one eiaa al aernaararia game.It rearea rne rmsses as the aeyii fears neiy waver.

Ner is were any re an to naye iiiiaiara about one

mare ar me op an party. Whenever ii I} nec-essary to eanrain KM mm: struggle, me man wineaaeai ra me workers and In the music: In generaryarn the aim 0F bolnefing me rule as me bourgeu -aie and me aierararania. nre statements of the mu nxeaaera ar the mm are raeneraianiricanr in we re—Efird.

“Ybanke in mi; yieiary, me mm is being rvuri5—

rarniee Trim a aany ac narianai exprexfiun rnar hasuccexx re me ariyaie cuuncils a? me gm/cmrven?ana ean Mus <:uHuburale in a pulicy amerenre inarairani vu aana-ar of paci ‘mg Emzilian socicry. ‘-

vuanran Jcbim, MDB senaiara“The yierary of me aaaes-man wiii arayiae Presidenteeaei with a aaaarar wvcr oer airer I79 rne orienld»nan er rne eeananie and eaaiai aaiiey rauewea byrne Ins! Mo gevemrnemx." (Pedm sirnan, earn —

menmry eieaaiy ana presiden! ar me MDB in maGrundc ac SM.)

“Any cmemr-H re aveicome me divixiun of me naiianam to yaiaaiai (Marcos rreire, Mflflsenafioraiami rrarn Permnbuco.)

Nww rnai Hm eieeriaia are ever, were remain:aniy a sad and disappointing reaiiry for Mmeerna naeaei (or hapc] Ix: see me MDB aeeane a

“parw amea ra me wage eomzrs. " me people yoraaFor me bourgeois "opposition" in 9: eaaii. aaany,Mus lending H new srrcngrh and aHw/Tug ir Va be—

come lbc mnior imfirumcm rar iagirinrizing me dicvrulorial mghm.

ine rugimc lie: re legifinfize iaeir inraagn H12 i'n9er—

rrcdinry ofa bourgenis uppos an in aiaer In <Hun—110‘ eapaiaraaaanieni Tum aaaiye imegrafio . weV4-{Y aynarnie arearea by rne eieeiarai campaigndananrnarea rhis argenr necesx y N7 M1 the prale1—fional aaiineians er the iaaaraeaaie.

The marker: and the mmscs, prepared to demand agen ng ofuccuumsy M/pported me MDB hopingmar ir would mks inirneaiare aarian. Yhi: treatedan almosphnrc marked by reiariye pressure From memasses an inc uvc ar November I5, aaa rnia mademe Mm: "foxcx" rarner umznmfnnalfle. in nine aiaaeawhere aaaiie eernansrrariara were orgurfixed {nainiyizia Grunde dn s..I, Pernumbucu, and Guunnhara)one mosses aid aar renain wirlfin the lining aeiineaby me MDB, riiey raised anria cmtorship eieaaname: could nar be ea.apree, giyen rne bourgeoT5ie'3narrcvw rearn iar maneuver. irwa; bemuse ar mi:25

«area» cf aai aai raiiiaaizzarian mar me MDB orsea Paaia, dmw'mg rne ieseeia er me aernmarraiiarai.eia earlier in aiiier smrex, eanaeiea ire yieiarym1:eIin§ and celabmfiuns

This is me aniy way to understand the rare aiayaaby «ire graaa ai nu “minus —who reaeiyea a verysi'gviiY?cum VD! ara rne rannauan of the "youngwing" enne "dernuc ane ymnh" of the we. The»szcrorx aaauirea sign icum weigm in me studentnrayerneni, in H-in nude uvfioni, among We ieirarimellccfiuals, and even umung the reyaiariariaryien. rnia wing aw me we, we». achieved somesuccess in me eieenans ana na. prover: eaeaaia ofnakina rneaninam denunfiuvions of me eiie.arar—ship (rho: names ai thus: l<iHcd under torture wereread out ;-ubhdy H1 Gwnabuml, is neyerrnaraaraking up we Vask ereeneaiiiaing riie aeapia one-rrne eieaiiane and 75 pmpming rn-<nncHTufion wirninme ma. izeaaraiea arany “gand Tnmnficnx,“ ineeannarainiae rnaae by «me wing ei me mars whh IHC

bm/rgeoix aeiiay aw nre aarry wiH :~.eia ma warkerxm aain aannaenee in meir awn strength ana W

i

make them shed their Wuximv that new-irneniianaamrliarnenraraana are warm niare man “subversion. ‘-

"A yiaiary car aernaeraeyi H exchfimcd rne unun-aux chum: ar me pmgnasficamvs prosliwbrd re

-ieaaraeaza aeinaaraay. we asnaial gnvcmmcnrspukeimen washed rneir Hands as me naner: Thegcverrvviem, may raid, "was rim ayerrnrawn iniaar ir had won a vicfioyy rar in "dérenfie“ paiiay,rne ARENA aanerea a aereai, bur mar was becauseer "external Yacmrs, ‘- Hkc me iniernanenai e<:c—

narnie eraa, innaiien, and so an.

we geyernnienr nae aireaay :u'id, rnreusin rl-A ML‘d'ium at me naaei oF one per mmnnt, rnai ‘WhoeverMm win conic inra inc aayernnrenr, and a strungeppashion, acnvc ana politically rreiayenaraa, aananiyurcnarnaa rne amrnnienr an: we r¢airvr;\."

rne Fd<I?5W1aEfH£ dantinn results were paraduxica‘:Air-naaan rxufiered dcical arrne poHs, the rm irarydicrmcirship ieana iaeir reianyaiy sfrengfiicvtd inine iraiirmianai sphere.

me aaiiiieai way am proposed ay rne Gcisn‘ aayern—mem eieariy repiesenrs an in.ai.eir aaniiasian of meaeeiai isolation er me diclulonlwip, winen nae neyermanaged 5n abmin are er,-aaarrer me masscs and rnewage earnea. Through me medium are “nrah ieyeiac n¢9° nan" M aayernrnen .3 iryins to reami-yare me parfiumemory aaiineai game re a certainexrenv. Mainrenanee aw me uhrarightixi ane fascisr"nara rnuai Neaiei, Deirin Nsno, eenerai Hum-beria Souzu Mania, and me aeaariry uvgam er meannaa {areas would aniy have yiaenea me chasmbuween me a.eraranir.ia and lhu masses, wnienwould naya been undesirable For me regirne in the

current pefiod. Nevertheless, ma "nara-lznaa l

and not mag a cnanaa )0 sum back on ma sly. limen cuunleruifuzk had xuccecdzd TV waala haveenabled flvem la pasfponc ma zlccfionx, arrest op»posiviunish, ana mas attempt a repeat what nap-pened ln mo, wnan on ma eve of alaanan; mevepvcxsiun was Stepped up npaylly.

Ccmmry 50 what had been maagm by me apologlsvsor “paxslble aamamay, l- ma alaanans unleashed

mana aanmraaal rendancln; ana cremed alyasaanswithin ma bloc :n power. The TM! naaal manawanirlg ac film: alalamnap will be a sort of pal-maul“'lnl¢rregrmm" an a palace carsplmcy, ha» lna ala-'u7azsMp mu no? aa aala M cannal me sivuufimnlrxleflnllely. ln »/lcw ar ma uncerwm days a; fewnauanal tcormrvll: rec:-salon, ar ma mananan orVH2 na::a..al acanannc “boom, " ana of the imbllhyuf ma anamaan but/rgcuislt na l-nee! ma anal aa.

Manda cf ma laaanng musscs, we mllimry ammon-:h‘lpw‘lH ny Va 9u'll1rl’r-m:.Thul'lsH-we purpcxe m'7h::"man; aapaa-nan, acme and aamzaally re'lu»/ena¢9d.“

But in alaauam else as? we stage For m ;,y—ntrnmeni insfirurlum‘ aalna wenuken by Hm

very ayaanla ac ma muxs rvlavcmcrw an o nan;;—nanal epoch, an-an pincex Vhe suclullst nayalallanan ma agenda Q) We only poxible salanan, alyanma mstflublz cnmvadlcflww of cap-nallan.

Amung we zumbmlve sections as ma wnrkevs andxludenrx r-lwvememx an uccelera-ed places; ar ergo‘nixaranal recompcsifion ana pawn-cal alanrsaananis going n. Tna revohnmnary vangumd and ma FmM4 urn nalna T9 gamble la cmlflge hon their aaappolifizal rorpcr. Free debate nal begun aaaln wl'rh7nfin: vanguard and T5 snnauanna ;uo1WEcal reurmlngas a pnalaaa in ucrlovl.

A: ran ma muses ;n the broader seme <aspaa:allyIhe watkenl, ma vlcfiury a; Eh: MD! will no! result-la man being unaa up #9 suppcn the aaaala gamebelrlg alayaa ay the baurgeuli aapaaman. ma valerm-zyaa by we mas W1“ lncvilubly open up a :iIua—Ilon iuvuruhle in breaking down ma cumervufismof ma mmxes. mag become: clear wncn Cccounr :5

taken as five raal Mm lna mama: Va d‘mnb'l\izcH-we peupI:, wnlan both ma aa

‘ ' 5 and «na

"muderutex" a.‘ rig was are pamczpa ng, ix lakeaala wmcr thruwn an ma nape; that naa been ru ed.The mcflody Hnraiflicbs ml; pony, in lcudcrs '

m wall as Yrs mm: aanya lam ana ma, will cuorvmaasly uzcgumnt: ralfmr claan ease ma cvixls ar thebaurgenis ovpullian. Nayannalass, iv dues nut ral-lw (rum l 5 «but lna masses will immezfluvely enterEmu Ievolutimlcry namaal rna eFFe<:r: 0F ma pas)aaraaa ar ma workers movement ana ma nanaxlFence ara vevolufianury vungumd wall. a mass bum,aamalnaa Wm ma camlam crlsis oi we "dAmocmHc“bourgeois appaamaa, Wm canlinue «a nun: powek

ml lama ‘osrering cunservalkm aaa palmaal va—

cuily. ma m:|5§:5 aa no! cxixtuporr rna-n may or»ganixaiiorls, palmaalrya: least. came was or-gunkaiinns -vn. musxes" are ummlzed Tndlvldualx,fragmented ay llna allanan-an ar ‘abut, an-naa anlyaayclalagraally,

Thus, instances in which lna snuggle; aa beyond theHum: laid down furvhtm, pa ' alanlyxn the work-pa muvemcm, am occur in a pmF:>und7y uneven,atomized, and completely disotganixed mannerwas la a cummdicmry caama pr ma aaalna pe aand is lpalran =><pre$sTorl ac the very deep curmu-dicnnrl berween ma subjective factor [We layal clconsciousness and oIgar\' anan -31 ‘he masses), an-lan-n laa aayalapaa, ana ma aayaalzaa fucrvr, ma an-awny 0F cazflmlism :n anaz-ll [or anywhere else’:Vs: malya an own aonnudicrlom. we malmanas me :onr-rndT:v'u:n bew/ecn «nc oblecvive ana sub-iccfivc Factors Is, as n has always been ana wlllbe, a anallanaa a ma vevolufiarvclry vanguard.

R¢voVui'lcvvury Nuvxim nan» new post a mmbtrac cwmfions to N-lenuelve: ana llna revo}u"orl-my vunguuvd, pn:na-lpau, ma mus! conscious

ana carvlbarlve workels ls “rsdemocrull'zuHaw“ cas—

ma by the ml lary bureaucracy ma best aalananr we bourgeo :7 WTH H-we nggrumrlun ar me

economic pollficol, and sack‘ cenrradfcfiars N-um

lna Bmzlhun aaaraeama will naaa in confrcnr Tn

coming years anaala H to carry emu "redcmor.rafizu-nan 5mm above ‘-9 Can ma veryxoclal Forces thatmaa M perp-.-mare an "TvvdTgenous Fascism“ Qhrnughterror svddcrlly change their xpms and give rise towlawenna deml::m<:y“”

rna bourgeols (wall: was always ma am .rann ofrule rm «na aaalaaama. Boxing an Obe massesWEVH re7urml'sV purlklmemury carwesfis, Wm. ma perF—

aala elaanan al cundldmes wna am Trvdenmred aWe aaaxaaaasla am aany out Meir policies “m mename a; the paapla, ll aanaaals the class dlctvforshlpagainst ma axplaalaa ana was always anamaa maboulgealsle N: -laaalaalcally mask We ml rlamre1 an Sim: pawer. The more aaaaly fihc bcurgeolsienaya Tutu H5 pefiud cf decay — ana mi; :5 as yalla‘or ':lcl'l‘ as T! is Vor ma res! ar rhe world — ma ‘:5::. rewwublex ma bcuvgeukre al the ascending periudn":uyv)u‘l'l5m, For ml; hixvorlcully moribund alaa,rhe zruciul question am Ac! lie so much ln la xub—

lecfive dashes as in la nbgecfive cupaclfy Io repro—dun: aaa rmflnrain ma cap-aalm system.

The military amanaal.:p VF! Eruf} mpmaalaa apal cal sclufian ioundnd on the delear cf the massesand me complete desrrucfien ar the organized work

as myemenl; Ihese were me precondltium Var cutalk! ucclmmlmmn. Wve fact that this solution wasaaaalaa 'lIamavea the hegemony ar clna box/rgeolssectors lied Io 'lmpcr'lul'lsm. ln lvaa lnsmananal

21

BRAZILAct No. 5, ma "cuup wirnrna coup,“ gave re]u—riyely complete term in me dynamic that ma soarreain um (wner. me Gouhn regime was overthrown].During Ike aaarse er he pas! rcn yeun, H-in anneawares ms: in one pas an ar me “ml: party" of mehourgeo ie, saasmar a rhermelves was me am,warneaai bcwgenu pa! ciarvs. Hviaranae withoutwaras replaced use yiaienae or wovds. '‘

Th: lessons :1 Chile ana Argcrwirw did not passaannariaea ay rnrerrrarianai big hus a, ands..u iass ay me araziiian bwrwnfsic and ma

mHirury cm-n<:riHu. we experiences in flame taun-u.—:as showed Ma? me rraamami ispsrraeais panicsana me recarrnisr workers purfies eaava na« pmvenra eaniranmian berwenn me nvassex and Me apargeaisreaine, nor eaam rney prevent me urwi::up'iIa|i’s{ana unH—ir-nyaeriul raynarnia pr rne parnanenr rtvo-man ‘ram anvaiaina. The vektrmkm av mp Unidudvmiar wcs reaiaaea by raseisrn, Perenisr snnapanisnwas epxaaaa ay Mr. urmtd bands ar mp riamisr pareanei panee. me nisrarrana of me nraziiian bour-gee .e is war in me 11-on rern. H aaas nar epnmnasamerenny pwarm rerern.-isr iurcm ar Eonupu -

bourgeois Ieaaers And N ieass rhc mosxes. Moreover,was n rm under me aanner D7 are aarraparrisnr oFVaiqus ‘her we massea an several aaeasipra wear-cried Wu Isms. Wow the insriruriom at Vhe raring zluxs?

Wi:I Vrvmm1onu\A:r No. 3 me ae Merr Igvvevvrr — rye nasr Fu5:r5rofnH me My aayern-

mem: :2 1954 — efimvmred any "papa!-sn“ vrarnma beurgeois iaaaeismp. nae rzpre - eaaripppaiaiand unfiwurker waye anieasnaa by the :12 Media:govt.-rvimenfde vcd me raunaarass awe i'n:lm—niems and panrnaai arganiran-are ii needed Va holdme masses in check. From the sianapeinr cl ma Em—

rrcdiuve need: of me Hmc, ms was necessuvy inordui ia cor-iscfidare the bovrge - regime and pumpup we napivulizr aeenaniy, bu! ii. the Iana mrm 57

an we raiinn chm win. na Xuppurr except Pre-rarian Guard, Cxcepfi pure flhd simple reptession.

The hands of ma aoaraeaisir and me aariuas arecovered with too much bland rar Men to speak al"rudervmcrurizanrm, -‘ ¢o roicrute the Fran organizu—nan ar rne peapie ana rhc axisreaae arwariren par—ties havhg ma Dower In negmiure whh them. webourgae e as a wnaie VS nracn more «raid of weraaiea zufiun 0‘ me nasses and the reaarnpasmonof me workms movement Man’ of its own inner-nai struggles, In order re na to its rare Tvwiflna» iiesirace «a st/ppmss one ar the pmer of me bour—geek xecrorx that up no! hold naaernany.

A aespana azamiarsnip aaa ararnaie under eilhcraw Mn :nmd3h as: . irs inrarml comm ranaradfive it In a point ofsuch aeaenensnan and

cunuplibn ma: Vb: regime Luflupses of Us awn de»cuy Dr ir me isaargeais e nnas Wm! the anly way in

2.5

can saye us regine in ruae or‘: mass aiarrraa mreaecrying iv: rare is to grunt aarnaerana cancesiiunsrIn general, sreeea and Purmgnfl :Hush<:be we rimparega.-y, Argermnu during «ne period of P1-e GreatNarfunnl Accord i\lux!v<m:s the xecuid.

In whui‘ sneerian are the presenrsvnrggies arnangme rae or: in payer in arazii muv7n9° may cer-mrnsy dc 1m Luggen may rne araznian aiuararsniais on the painr of cuflnpfirg Irom aeeay or mais ineywaaiy max/my mwuvd saai. an end. 10 is quireenear -nai a aryisian preserriry axkrs berween Ma

3 wings, ham spiiary iirarea M the munap—-ne mu\Pinu§iona\ Vrusrxund meir meme.

, . ude were is vb: "Hard wing, "wnienr n. cwaaneryaa nempas, mm is, a man-

anina prnsaressian and ine excmxiun pi mid ionalbwrgebix readers rranr dc::§ion—making eenrers.on me aoier , were is me eeiseiwing, wine»is rryina ra reaenyaoe a coMrnH&d parliamentarygame, 10 gram some autonomy re ARENA and inMe we, and rasrrarramea me regTm=‘x facade —hu7w=">oL‘ araing me casam reprassian.

The ‘

rfifilufianuhzaficrrv" or me aramarsmp appaarsra be me nvoxvmpflsricmmf and erieanye san 0F

aeaisie. This xecmr Ts !ryTngMrwghTns1iNlion-ufixufion ~a naimain vlnc nrmefl iaraes as me Fwvdu—

nenial ainar nf H-we reaine ana at me sane time touHcw a more Fmrmse, Waugh rigarously conimlledyparlianearery game as aniaw as a incurs av arnar.Tsl-mg rensians wimin the bunrgeakic ana ex¢endTngaearaoais aanrinarinn over broader sccriens of menasses. canaarmnuy, me ieyei anassrsrrearassianaaainsr me masses is being kcp! up. in aner wmdx,win. ane hand we rnimary amararsmp is anerinaa aaavpgaa in me aia aaaraeorsie, wim ma OH-war

hand aarrrinairrg Va viulcnrly repress any insub-arairranan arnana me masses. The! is me son pr"redemncruPiza?Ton" me eeisei «aaiipn is aapaalecl auering.

n is prababl-1 that me aiasn bevweevv mesa moresuph7:VTI:uied conceptians of rule and me concep-Clam aayaaayers by CH: ?rvcuh:m “hard wing, ‘- aiangwiun a-irererraas over use pace arwiiian "inslEm»nanaum:iarr=- snarrla bz innaaaaea zairrerenaes

9 Wm nrpsr imperitrwxccvmsy at me ‘-0 ssnsaaae sea Paula" type, aaairsn an. “mademIiarv" acoeiien), wm pmdvclz an irrarease in tensions wim—in Me aaargeaisie during me earning peripa, wasopening up sane breaches in me sysfem or sale.

- r -3 is true, H is ulxu cerNJTn than mere |:on—u D5 and oanszara, even if ney confinue In mmtmand saiu aw pr the amaes urd urwechambels m wem isrera, win by riensaxyes never lead me maregeo e to seek a samian ac Hm reaenaerenzaiianlype aniass mere Vs

prcssme rrarn me nassea.

nror Tswhywn 9 ror "reoemorronzo an" m bekwched ornporrrorreoogy by rmrgoxer w man melmurgeciaie mmooa being cancemed Wlfh nrgam mgand moo: ling me indusPrTflV pmiemriui ?ndepcn-oerrny or me bourgeak and oeuy—oeorg.o:r Ieooereships umcurnx Va eorroerrrrrzrrg me reyomzorrory NEVE-rrem to meme.Th: errxy way dernocraric fighfis can be won by merrooer In me eorrem eoror ore of arozu is ror areworkers zo svmgglt, orgmized and moomzeo maysT\/sly, to ¢oree mo ooorgeemo in bed! o oovneoxreheat, And mar rcvolwiunury upsurg: ov mo mnsscx,when Tfcames, wmnarm:|UskIpu7dcrvKI:v<1?T:tonqucflsr |§w\'H perm mm more Tsu dhccfiundaeemye eorrromono" oemeer me bourgeuiswe andme prulzvuriar, mm me can-rplefie deslrn/::h'm1 oc

me cophcflisrsysrem, mere ore rm more rzfurms iseorry am, more ore no mom oerroororae “sruge:“

o be rroyerrea. nre em er oeroorem reyexurzorr>or tong rarree new urd u Wu! and only W-rm mevktury or snciafism on u worxa at-ale.

Whufi nexr? Who! -rr ro be dune ur‘Qe.' me10 e‘ecM'nn:',’ Wouki ouermo om on 5./ppm!

' m me we or he mo "aulémica" win; orme M33 husltn me recampnshfon or me orgow eoworkers moyemom wooxo n ximngfihtn mo workusvanguard? C/r wauid ir charmd d'\3::DnVenY so as inweewwee me d?:Ia>msHp7 aeyonoumry Ncvxlfls,or well as emor cutvenfis he reuuhnmnury ten,eouea rer casfing o Hunk k:uHm during mo -:\c:—Mom and oenmred mezr campaign urmmd me argu-mzaficm or me srwggk ogo-rrrrr me orerororompWrong}! moeoeroerrr and auvtmammn on n.

wmle it zr necessary is yer-eor aH o1:ro>emrr con-eepnorrr mo» rt-(me porn 'pnrTnn arr any eweenorrrunder me wetext mos elzcfianx ore by deflnxfinnbmzrgecix or art er nu interest Va me workers rreye—mcni, n Ix ulsu necessary no? m -make o FL-fish cfeleenorrr. when communkfis can use Him «reuy,puvliumgmurytlcc ans can serve as o mowre rromwmom Va inn: ooh xco‘denu»c\'c1Vuru, ro m\k chowworkers and ooorrxor smxggkx, Va eorry our pmpu-woo abeur me revolutionary pmgvam, and mpopularize vnahmzing slogans. Above on, rbcymm be used In prupagm-:dTz= and ugnuie for o nroerxer rem. oroerrroorooy, mm or canncik or so—

wet: undcr mo normal of mo masses. Neyermewosr,o pwsirien cf cr?i7ca1:u_npo1Hn me MDB, or atVeaxf M but canrfidmex (mo nulénficcs, moyo..m why) becavn: generalized Vhmughuur mowen, and eiptciflnythmughauv me Fm ten, eyrmgme elecvions. The was was man ax me "om mewsFor rnrerrgmorrxoo dtmbcruric nghls.“ 1» was ex»owoarreo mo» the oorerrrieoe of me we wnuld de—

nauncc lh: aievovoomp in Cangtexs, «nor mywuuld oecerro "o pan or am program,

‘- mm ar wouldbe "vu‘untnvFsf right Hm-r Va prepevse lo rocorrrrroo»

me orolecorxorr vanguard, “ that me "defects or maepasryearsshcvwr me maxsexure more 'm crixisVhin as me vanguard, " mo: “me wen needs ram-nVa oreomo, oro ror mac me :rro:oo»eo salulicn isIn work Ieoony wamm me mm," and 5:: an.

Pevolufiunury Murxiws mo re Iknnunce mir falseoer; err, Whkh amcuvxred :o cnumerrevolufionury:mmoomry_ mo vufldhy or me demmc'warTonx orroe oaemeomo Vssued by me uufiévvficas ayrmg andoner me elecviors wax not euroneroeo. Em suchdenuncxuficmx yam rroc woye been produced oyany xupporv ta me um, even cri)icu\ supparfi. mthe eorrerme cendhions or me mnmenr, ooruomemryeweenoro are rrommoxy o grmexque roroe, mey akarow Va orrer even mzrrrox guarunvees, even be meooergeoar oornorerrorzoro. To reno sue» supper?new wuuld oe to play me bourgeck ‘s game, co

prcfide o ooyer rorme:rrrmmor.o1szo~;on cf mo

. utmship, in cmvtfibuve to oomormg the demo-crcfic .tooooe or me ozerororrmp.

tics: of mo MDB are cm-shrew uhcur mo

' dcnur-1:5 ns moy have Towed, ymy oe meyrerrom Tn me Mna, errorrrremg pooywor dfscomem5:: nor n can in abxoflncd by me rnginm? vmy oemmey break mm me bcurgenfi reoaromo or me pony‘rd mm me MDB irulf? VW'y Eon‘? mey cuH anme warktrs to haw eerrzoereo my m mozr ownsrrergma

11 n rr necessary to weak exeorryr wme uurEw-

u>reer*.ery bczuusc me rrrooer, whan mey vared torme MDB, wer: yoerrrg ooomsr me dicfororship romermoo : voyor U4 me buurgeuk weooersmo or memm, N Is more moo ever urgent M deepen mr-r ar—

fimde and rrono u rur co~apI in. And 7? me yorr~gumd T5 very weak and me muxxes ore yery backwardmdny, mo: Fncmaszs me Tnpormnce ov mar rusk.we Ngwest go:ro Mai can are mad: rrr ooyoremgme oorrsezoorryere and Independent organize Ian onme morrer Wm oroye decisive in me oorrrmg oeraoo,

TM opparlunisfi and ¢u'r|—endTsr oouey toward mebcurgcals and pen)/—b9uvgeuT5 leaders]-wips, whichvepcns me herruyal os me worms moyemem byme rvfarmisrs of me cs», Has rouerr mm D: own Imp.TM: rmlicy Ts swab‘: «o mo a way but oc me viciuusor're<e inra we» ;r Hm oweeers itself: crmeon :up—part to me MDE, woe», oeeorre or iv: own subor~gfincfion Va me beuvgeois ponies, will weoo us do-wroerr N: ..rer;r:eor support. TM; prugmnhxm mos

Us price: me rev Tm. inner: oro vanguard mo.eromo In be reyemzorrory, Fm rm; pvugmcmsm uburrdons me cermu\ ruxk on are vanguard or me prexemHme — the srmggfc In advance me eorooroumoand Tndependenl nrgcirfixmion or me pmlefiurim _zrr me name or- nncuvs" moo weoa nmmero exceprm min‘ impatence and rueoraanorzon to me buurgedxoro perry-bourgeois Ieodemhips. Ard me most Vern»

29

BRAZIL

j—jjenmwe mng :5 mm m: "new d:'s:ovcvy" .5: ‘-5 »—

2555:" xuppurr :5 not er aH new :n >155 hismry :5: mewarkevs mcvervvem. s:nee me begin g or ::5:5 een—wry the? 5.55. ea pulicy Hm rcsuhed :55 many dckursand 15:9 rtirru ,

PH: :e55en5 .54 wmcn can be drawn.:n n.-nHry, Cr ee: supper! :55 me Mm drugs Noarxkmbeck re .55 prah fiuric 5.555555. Whar :5 needed :5 55

5«ep:.5:wen:, nu! two, rkree, and more flaps back—ward.

:5 :5 exucfly because er me was: :-‘vwvcver :55 ubaurg¢c':5 parry and bccuus: e: we enmeaen 5: pur—|':c1:-ncmvry e:eer55n5 mm :: :5 necessary :5 gmaga:'nxI wee ?Hu5:'or§, In demy:H'Vy and e:55n:cy be—

For: Hm n.e55e5 and me workers vanguard aH mee:ee»e555::5> and relormisv aey:m::5n5 rho! Hope re:e5e:ye meeygn :5 vote wne: curmar be rescfvcd execop? rhmugh we dfrecv an en or me nn55e5, mneygnvhuir SCVF-orgurflzuvion from the bonom up. weenmee 55 nm was or ARENA; me pm: :5 no: rnchaase Ne :e55e5 ey.:. The Impmmnr :n:ng :5 Va

‘Imam mm pnlizy 5neng»:.en5 me working class andweaken: me ::em5_.ee:5ze and wne: palicy does Wee555.e5:¢e.

,5-e55:en er 0:: unzonsziuux 555e;e: pruccss.unneen pne5e, mead: ny5nen:e¢ MA: Hug-

nv Mn «ne pnexeqene: and me bawgeeme, 5»

/J’~\4(‘y e:~».en:5 me nvc:uH :nme5»5 of :ne wnexeM,» en rvcvvvflrfl. n :5 :n :n:5 sense Hm! revalu-nenn, wn.:5:5 — wne5e :n:5-.e5>5 are no ewemn»«on these .5: me Mark mm/cmcnr, Fur mey rep-reset)! me new e:em—5:gme5: wTng of that mave-men! — eel: re the ?ndnp¢ndem:c af me wuvkersvanguard frcm me buwgceis _e5.n:e5 and me pen)/—:55m9ee:5 ‘eaden.

12Reyowenery m55x:5.n :5 me conscious <*><—

rne mum of eemng 55 blank balm, 55 mznc cen-fiercd an we organ amen urn-.1rc:cmsrm:m:n .5: thevanguard, ne-W5 :.. me d7rv::riur: era¢epen:ng mepoecnria‘ «e: gu':ng beyond bourgeuix \nn::5 Ma!55:55 among We mm, of 5:5engmen:ng me pee:—ren5 of me p5eIe.en:e: Va the aemnen: :5: me erme bourge e and me a:e:e:e:5n:p.

From me :nnnnea:me sfiundpcim, me campaign :55the blank :55: 55- nee :55 n5 ah':=crive beginning .5

e:e5e55 e: rcgmuping me revohnionary vanguard,er c[txriFy:'ng ,5em:e5 :n urder In mkc ee~:e.5. Av neFine 4:5 we «me: any :>:5e:55n .55 :5. me poss':biHlyer vmmcd':a¢eIy :55n5:m:ng me precass erem:enk—:ng me e5m9ee:5 :eeuen5n:p5 ‘mm .eye:u«:ene:ymass ee~:5.n. we e55n5p.5:gn «en me Hank :5eHe~ we5centered on me quemon or :nae;.enaen: orgcmiznhlion, W5 e:eenry 5new:n; em ;.en»:e:pm:on :n par::anne..»e5y ereenzens makes 5en5e unly wnen rnerevolurionury vanguard and the wurkerx pen can:.M 5. guarantee er a n:n:nmn freedom 55: upi ..and 5eee5n. :n me Yang term, our propaganda wman

naye svvcnglhened me idea that den-Goran": conqucs):an» nol gmmed by goverrmenis :5.» are won by themasses :n muggxe.

Vhe une: :5e:enee.5nee»anen me elecrions Tmifcuvedme :55 we 5: me vanguard, :55 :5ere::en Fmm memaxses, :n men wards, me new of a vevoluviunury:eaaen5n:p. on:y5yen :5 \euderxh:'pcuu\dxfrengrhenme xrruggle eee:n5: me bouvgeois 5.554 pe»y—\55m—9ee:5 :eaem:5:p5, fearing me my cV¢rv»¢nVs ere.”p.55:5,m5:e: wen: their influence :.. cud;-r ro auras:men :e mye:..::en.5ny Marxism.

sham.-:1 me: new ,5e55::5 Th":-5 are open tome revoh/rionury wen. we 5:-:e::5:55e 55 :5

ee..g>.~ :n on Ympassc, Haw een :: xrmngfihen :55 e:a55eenn:..an.5n wfifiouk eennmang an e><p|os':on :55 mass5nugg:e5 :n an mrenmy muse 5e 55: :imu7':on?The me55e5 have demnnsfvuled men cfiscomtm ande:55m:5ree::an wnn me d:c¢umrsHp. men vme we5poh 5555:, ae5e:.e me year: 5: epmny under we deMeme: government. AH rn-:5 makes me d:ctamv§}\i;11-emh‘e and irvdicares am new brtuchcs can beupened in me appantnr nnenemn or une bourgteisregime befnvc :5 can and a new eq-.:' ::5 'um — :::5 evcr am,

13 an me :.a:anee—5ncm 0F me e\ecl:'um also

n :5 :ne:5ee.55e:5:e ForW1C Nbrxkfi and rz:vo\u§:'un<Irycurrent: :55 mrye 55 soon e5 pe55:b:e 5:55 p:obVcm 55:

me absence 5»: :eeee,5:5:e er We working use :nmac: .555» M uflnw rho bowgee:5:e and me e:en5m5—ship :5. win up 5:55 p0Hfi:u\ and 505:: mppan me::5 new Vacks. rne: :5wny n :5 neeemey to zullon55:: n:vo}uHunury 95.55.55 to pmcme ynny :55 ucrmr::.. urdcr N2 veiniarcc ~>.e Drganfzenl workers rvmvernee: (by :enn:ng warken cum:-n7Hcc5 and :umm5:on5 :‘or cammnn eeron, e5 :5: me cuxe er nede—union Mecfiars :55 W75, ce: exumplfl, 5.5 orgurfizesclfvdefense :5: 5~mgg:e5 and Mworkcrs e5gen:m—Hons during genes; of repression and ee55ee..r:.5ner vanguevd worker n5:I:mn:5, and «5. organize poHr-:eeI 5en.pe:gn5 age:n5: the 5::eme.5n: . unny :neenen :5 :n5::5eee.5e.:5Ie to me xernenen e: comm 5.«ee5 :55 aetena paHr:r.aV p5:5enen5 and ro denounceme ee.5=:::e:::5n:5n. er me mm and me eppenunmnof we so»ouHed clménficus.

Bur m:5 unT7y :n 55e::e.5 w:H .555: mtan we absencuor n prefmmd pa Hcul eebme amung the componentsor me neyom:55:5:5.y :5». Po|':r?cuV and pmgrumnnnce:a::::e55::e.. “.5: be een:ea out eneeugn 55.5 cvcrdeepening Ire: debate muna :n.nea:me vacI':cu\pvublens and me nna: obiccfivcs of our rvovcmcm.wne: :5 needed :5 5.5 nna 55 peney me .5 adaptedto me p:e5enny ammfzcd eenamen 0! me re 97:1-Viunury vonguuvd :n the struggle 55g55:n5r cepne::5n.and me dkkllurxhip and my :.5 me :eng run wanfvsmr the farm n :5: u ney:5m:ona5y Murxisrworkevs parry.

g_.Taanr--u «an. pg. :2.are i&nger ar death. We do not knew manyMun‘: 7vTclwiH b: held, ban u may begin ufi

aayumny. Thu: 75 why wc mus! begin now M7 pm»,D0llnus=‘\/es so that ma nam, wan the wanwaa

:1... main neaa, aan respond nncrgetically to

ya-.m..aa¢ a~ nnampra murder. Thar :5 why we

“ding VH5 appefl re ma unma Secretariat

am. Faann Vmerrwfiand. Because Eya Fan.-xv andhammnauea need Tnr:mm'\L)nu\ mHdar‘Hy :1 M y

an x. escape deurh. Because we, Yrotskyisl m

mm a! ma entire wodd, are the may? corsisven?aesenaaa or am sfimggh against me app:-easier: and-eareman engendered by \'nternmTcna\ aaaanansm;nrd because, in rne and, the aymnraw ar theFmncnixr dicfiamrsmp B pan of the rncannananax.o...gaxa against caanax.

war...» 'mi:rrmM'arya\ salidavfry of ma safl rho? was

23.524 'm defense of ma working class and ma

venh . nafie: aroma, V'mvm:m, ana raxemna.V w|" 6: very d\'FH€u|fi to bbzk one phzn: of Free-w:u—

as, to wake ma dicfiufiorxhip rerrcm once More,and mmeaa m ;uress'mg forward 01: snagara FmUs :3-Iflhyow. Tadtly an -mmnananax «nan» againstreprxiu-1 nus? be tievduped around me an-icnse0‘ Eva Favuiund har nomrudes ana ugcfinsfi theFm:-::c'ul dicfio7or5hnp_ Thai :5 why we are uppcal—ana I: you, Var n T} «nnaagn our cvgclrfizufian, :5:ramm n nanmx, ma: we wovking class andma aapaza. mane: of Euvape and Omar Mace: mubake up ~~;a xWugg\e m file manner men am: Vo

amna 9.2:. own Wvtewexrs m¢9mafi0nuHy.

W: cm SUYQ that yau WU‘ be able to rise 52 We

chuHeng: may Fruncaism has issued, as one of maaaamanax ?v1!ernui1nna\isfi flasks Wm? ma Tmyskyfvsar ma world Wu}? mks aa. rm :5 why we must be—

an today be amxap propaganda and agman-an andin aaauanza fihcsc naaana.

smv THE HAND or MURDEROUS FRANCOISMI

FREEDOM FOR EVA FOKESY AM) HER comwnssxFREEDOM FOR ALL PoLmcAL PRISONERS INTHE SPAMSH SYAYE.‘

DOWN WITH REPRESSIONX

DOWN WITH THE DVCTAIORSHIPV

Kucwfing that we can (cum an your precious Eurpan, we me you Bur revolutionarygneuznga:FOR THE woxuy socmust REVOLUHON‘.

Trorsk;/is! aan aa: a soners c1 me Fruncokf pfisanor seaayxa, vv-embevs a; me LCR/E\’A—Vl:

Armendofiz Tuintu, Juwcr. Arrested Apr?! 7, W6?Condamned by a m7|Tmry maanas M H yearsin prison.

Arregui Ecmve, JuHun, Arrested Junt1‘7‘/2. Can»dtmned by me WurCouncTKk>12 years 2.. prison.

Arvizebcluga Basknechez, Andoni, Anasoaa Apnn

m9. Curdcmucd V0 deem by a mililary nuaanax"m Bulges one scnncnce knev aammana ca ma:.nan'aa..nne..~).

auaaa caa, Jmu. An-esled Jutmavy wav. Cendcmnedby a mmvury mhanal in :5 years In anzan.

Bedkxluunelu Luca, Anaaa:. Arrested Aam wav.Candemned ay the War caancn «a Li yams rnprison.

Curreru Aguirreborrenn, Amxun. Arrested Mnrthwav. Condemned by Ike Burgbs rrfals to \2war: in prkon.

Eganean Yomrica, Jcs Luis. Arresfied Morph 1971.Condemned bye m'\ wry Nibunul M 20 year:ana by we Pulflir. Crier maanal Va .5 years ;nDr n.

Gama Ammbarri, xnam. Arrexred Am 1969. Con-demned by a War caanaax in 25 yeaa an pnsurv.

eamaanarnaza Gavmzlm, Carmelo. Arrested Moran

um. Condemned to terms a= 5 yew: ana zoyucus ;n rwu rr'm\s aa¢a.a me PuhHr. Ovder rmbumxl; mu mun go before a vnifirary ?ribuuuV,vfsks a 20 year sentence.

Guesahxgu Lanana, Enrique. Arrested Apn-x um.Candemned :n the Barges man «a su yam Tn

prison.Kbdrgufixi san Pedro, Jaw Arvextcd Aam was.

canaannnaa aya rmmury mbanal sa oa yearsva primn.

haguirre Exnul, wag, Arrened Aam wav. Con—

damned bye mHilaryin'bum:HL710years in

prison.Jucu Arunahie, Pam Arrested Aanu Wm. can.

damned by a War mmcfl re 20 years ana byma :>..a11a Order Tfibunal to a years.

Luronu Echevmnu, Josu. Arresled May mv. can-dewmed ay a mimury maanax «a M; years InPrison

Sumxkem Vbunez, lmki. Arrexted May was. C:m—

dcmnedia aaan. byu mflhnry mbanax (sentencecommuted tn hie Ymprisanmenr).

Sulugurzn unaaha. u, Lma. Arresied Tn me.Condemned by a mmfury maanal to 20 yqmsi-u pnsan.

Urqmzo Awasuvc, Lms Murfu. Anama Tn wav.Landemncd hya mirmry ml to 2! yearsIn prison.

V?m Ecnmnxa, Iunmx Arrcsred rn my. can—damned by a nmnany naaanav to 20 yearspfiscm and by ma man: Order TrTbunu\ m 5

yaaa; u nnmcn trio‘ bcForc ma Paw: Orde!Tribunal panama, 5 year semence puxxibb.

zaawaanay Om, Juan Nbrie. Ansxrcd Jammy ma.Condemned by me mar: Order Tribune! .a 3yams in prisnn.

ZugudTRamir:1, Pedro Maria. Arrened in vm.Cardemncd aya mH'uury naaaaal #9 I6 yearsTn priwn I

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