I18N

• I18N

https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Internationalization and localization

1 The terms are frequently abbreviated to the numeronyms i18n (where 18

stands for the number of letters between the first i and last n in

internationalization, a usage coined at DEC in the 1970s or 80s) and L10n respectively, due to the length of the

words.


Acronym - Other conventions

1 For example, i18n abbreviates internationalization, a computer-

science term for adapting software for worldwide use


Acronym - Numerals and constituent words

1 Abbreviations using numbers for other purposes include repetitions, such as

W3C ("World Wide Web Consortium") and T3 (Trends, Tips & Tools for Everyday Living); pronunciation, such as B2B

("business to business"); and numeronyms, such as i18n

("internationalization"; 18 represents the 18 letters between the initial i and the

final n).


Computer accessibility

1 Accessibility is often abbreviated as the numeronym a11y, where the

number 11 refers to the number of letters omitted. This parallels the

abbreviations of internationalization and localization as i18n and l10n

respectively.


Google Web Toolkit

1 GWT emphasizes reusability|reusable, efficient approaches to common web development tasks,

namely remote procedure call|asynchronous remote procedure

calls, history management, Internet bookmark|bookmarking, user interface|UI abstraction, I18N|internationalization, and cross-

browser porting|portability.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Frequent Flyer Miles - Elite Status

1 Occasionally, airlines may offer double EQM promotions, which speeds up a member's status

ascension (or retention) by cutting flight mileage requirements in

half.https://www.aa.com/i18n/disclaimers/elite-double-miles-thank-

you.jsp


AtTask - Software

1 In 2006, AtTask released a complete rewrite of its product. The rewrite delivered new technologies such as: an approachable

simplified user interface that utilizes AJAX for responsiveness and shorter page

loading times, a Java Message Service|JMS based event model, Computer cluster|Cluster configuration, i18n compliance, Software as a service|SaaS options, and

Web Services for product integration.


Numeronym

1 Alternatively, the letters between the first and last are replaced with a

number representing the number of letters omitted, such as i18n for

Internationalization and localization|internationalization. Sometimes the

last letter is also counted and omitted.


Span and div - History

1 The code tag were introduced to HTML#Version history of the

standard|HTML in the internationalization WG second draft [http://tools.ietf.org/html/draft-ietf-

html-i18n-01 html-i18n] on 1995-09-25. However it was not until HTML 4.01 the new element became part of the HTML language and appeared in the HTML 4 W3C Working Draft on

1997-09-17.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Aviator - United States

1 airline.[http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/femalepilots.jsp Female Pilots Make

History]


Simplified Chinese characters - Web pages

1 The World Wide Web Consortium's Internationalization working group recommends

the use of the language tag zh-Hans as a language attribute value and Content-Language value to specify web-page content in simplified Chinese

characters.Richard Ishida (editor): [ http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-tech-lang/#ri20040429.113217290 Best Practice 13: Using Hans and Hant codes] in Internationalization Best Practices:

Specifying Language in XHTML HTML Content– W3C Working Group Note 12 April 2007.


OnTap

1 In addition to providing an Model-View-Controller|MVC controller like most other

ColdFusion frameworks, it also includes an array of Application Programming Interface|APIs for

rapid application development, including e-mail, HTML Template processor|templating (and

associated DHTML widgets such as computer accessibility|Section 508 compliant tab (GUI)|

tabsets), Ajax (programming)|AJAX, application branding and customization, form management

and i18n internationalization features.


GNU gettext

1 In computing, 'gettext' is an internationalization and localization (i18n) system commonly used for writing multilingual programs on

Unix-like computer operating systems. The most commonly used implementation of gettext is 'GNU

gettext', released by the GNU Project in 1995.


Zope - Technology

1 BlueBream includes separate packages for interfaces, component architecture, HTTP server, publisher, Zope Object Database (ZODB), Zope

Page Templates, I18N, security policy, and so on


Template engine (web)

1 * i18n = Internationalization and localization feature


Tiki Wiki CMS Groupware - Internationalization

1 The default interface language in Tiki is English/en, but any language that can

be encoded and displayed using the utf-8 encoding can be supported.[

http://tiki.org/i18n Tiki i18n (Internationalization) and languages] Translated strings can be included via

an external language file, or by translating interface strings directly,

through the databasehttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

PRADO (framework) - Features

1 * Internationalization and localization (I18N and L10N) support, including message translation, date and time formatting, number formatting, and

interface localization


Citrus Project

1 The 'CITRUS' (Comprehensive I18N Framework Towards Respectable Unix Systems) project aims to implement

a complete Multilingualism|multilingual programming language|programming environment for BSD-based operating systems. The goals include the creation of the following

things for FreeBSD, NetBSD, OpenBSD, BSD/OS and DragonFly

BSD:https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Web2py - Overview

1 * I18n|internationalization support;


Yii - Features

1 * Internationalization and localization (I18N and L10N). It supports

message translation, date and time formatting, number formatting, and

interface localization.


TWiki - User interface

1 The interface of TWiki is completely skinnable in templates, themes and (per user) Cascading Style Sheets|

CSS. It includes support for internationalization ('I18N'), with

support for multiple character sets, UTF-8 URLs, and the user interface has been translated into Chinese,

Czech, Danish, Dutch, French, German, Italian, Japanese, Polish, Portuguese, Russian, Spanish and

Swedish.


Steve Bennett (software entrepreneur) - Career

1 He served on the Board of Directors of Sun Microsystems from May 2004 to December 2009. He has also served on the Board of

Oracle Corporation|Oracle America since June 28, 2004. He also serves on the Boards of

American Airlines, the AMR Corporation and Qualcomm.[http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/board-directors.jsp Board of Directors]. Aa.com. Retrieved on 2013-03-

14. He is Chairman of the Dean's Advisory Board of the Wisconsin School of Business.


RubyMine - Key Features

1 * Specialized support for Ruby on Rails Internationalization and localization|i18n


Boo (programming language)

1 'Boo' is an Object oriented programming|object-oriented, Type system#Static typing|

statically typed, general-purpose programming language that seeks to make

use of the Common Language Infrastructure's support for Unicode, I18n|internationalization, and web applications,

while using a Python (programming language)|Python-inspired syntax and a special focus on language and compiler

extensibility


John Klensin - IETF

1 His Internationalization and localization|i18n work also included

an April Fools' Day RFC in collaboration with Harald Tveit

Alvestrand|Harald Alvestrand (RFC 5242) and MIME in collaboration with Ned Freed (RFC 4289 among others). , he is a member of the Request for

comments|RFC Independent Submissions Editorial Board. He is working on several Internet drafts.


Sean M. Burke - Software

1 Some of Burke's modules, including Class::ISA, I18N::LangTags, and

Locale::Maketext, have become part of the standard distribution of Perl.[https://metacpan.org/module/perl Standard Perl distribution: file list]


Lambert St. Louis International Airport - American Airlines, Air National Guard, Southwest Airlines 2001-present

1 At its Miami hub, AA increased flights 23 daily flights and one additional destination, to

a new total of 294 daily flights to 108 destinations.[http://www.aa.com/i18nForward

.do?p=/amrcorp/newsroom/network_enhancements.jspv_locale=en_USv_

mobileUAFlag=AA AMR Announces New Liquidity, Network and Fleet Enhancements, accessed July 26, 2013] AA also cut flights

out of several other non-hub cities, especially in Boston and Raleigh-Durham


Premium economy - Characteristics

1 For example, in the United States domestic market, airlines such as American Airlines|

American, United Airlines|United, Delta Airlines|Delta, and Jet Blue have an

upgraded Economy class with more leg room as the only difference; they market the

class as main cabin extra,http://www.aa.com/i18n/urls/mainCabinExtra.jspThe Main Cabin ExtrAA stylization

no longer appears on the above airline's website


Standby (air travel) - History

1 American Airlines restricts free standby to passengers who have elite status or fully

refundable tickets, and charges a USD 75 fee for all other passengers who wish to secure a

confirmed standby seat within 24 hours of their desired flight

time.http://www.aa.com/i18n/utility/sameDayTravel.jsp In all cases, distressed passengers

(passengers whose flights have been cancelled, denied boarding, etc.) are given

free standby and highest priority.


Yesod (web framework) - Template interpolation - Shakespearean templates

1 ** in case of i18n _ in hamlet templates, the expression type must

be an instance of Text.Shakespeare.I18N.ToMessage


Unicode Standard - Mapping to legacy character sets

1 [http://www.ingrid.org/java/i18n/unicode.html Unicode vendor-specific character table for

Japanese]


Unicode Standard - Mapping to legacy character sets

1 Some Japanese computer programmers objected to Unicode because it requires them to separate the use of and , which was mapped to 0x5C in JIS X 0201, and a lot of legacy code exists with

this usage.[http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/intro-i18n/ch-codes.en.html#s-646problem ISO 646-* Problem], Section 4.4.3.5 of Introduction to I18n,

Tomohiro KUBOTA, 2001 (This encoding also replaces tilde '~' 0x7E with macron '¯', now

0xAF.) The separation of these characters exists in ISO 8859-1, from long before Unicode.


Asturian language - Internet

1 Many internet pages use the Asturian language; Government[http://www.asturias.es/portal/site/webasturias/menuitem.91cd0facbcdb17a73e2d6f77f2300

030/?vgnextoid=d3f56fc85c97d210VgnVCM1000002f030

003RCRDi18n.http.lang=ast Government of the Principality of Asturias– Official Website] the

council's pages, blogs,[http://www.asturies.com/canalblogues Blog

Channel in Asturian language] music groups' pages, Social networking services[http://www.ximielga.me Ximielga.me Social networking service in Asturian]

and more.


Decimal point - Influence of calculators and computers

1 In countries with a decimal comma, the decimal point is also common as the international notation because of the

influence of devices, such as electronic calculators, which use the decimal point. Most computer operating systems allow

selection of the decimal mark and programs that have been carefully i18n|

internationalized will follow this, but some programs ignore it and a few are even

broken by it.https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

Flag - Linguistic flags

1 The practice is deprecated[http://www.w3.org/TR/i18n-html-

tech-lang/#ri20040808.173208643 W3C, Internationalization Best Practices] because it

is often considered insulting[ftp://cenftp1.cenorm.be/PUBLIC/CWAs

/e-Europe/ESR/cwa14094-00-2001-Jan.pdf European Committee for Standardization,

European Culturally Specific ICT Requirements] and because flags tend to evoke feelings other

than the intended meaning


Frequent flier - Elite Status

1 Occasionally, airlines may offer double elite-qualifying mile (EQM)

promotions, which speeds up a member's status ascension (or

retention) by cutting flight mileage requirements in

half.https://www.aa.com/i18n/disclaimers/elite-double-miles-thank-

you.jsp


Longest word in English - Major dictionaries

1 The words Internationalization and localization are abbreviated i18n and

l10n, respectively, the embedded number representing the number of

letters between the first and the last.


Iqaluit - Transportation

1 The city is currently planning a deepwater

port.[http://www.city.iqaluit.nu.ca/i18n/english/pdf/portproject.pdf Strategic Plan for the Iqaluit

Deepwater Port Project], retrieved from the City of Iqaluit web site,

October 2008 Experienced locals also cross the Hudson Strait from the

Canadian mainland when it freezes over, either on foot or by dog sled or

snowmobile, a distance of over .


Iqaluit - Transportation

1 Iqaluit is the only Canadian capital city not to have traffic signals.

[http://www.city.iqaluit.nu.ca/i18n/english/pdf/iqaluit_visitors2009]


Admirals Club - 2010s

1 American began a joint venture with British Airways and Iberia Airlines in

October 2010, which included frequent flyer

reciprocity.[http://www.aa.com/i18n/urls/nowmore.jsp?

anchorLocation=DirectURLtitle=nowmore Airline Partners | Europe Travel

| Airline Miles | oneworld Alliance]


Admirals Club - 2010s

1 American planned to begin JFK-Haneda service in January 2011, but postponed the service until February

2011 citing low booking demand,[http://www.aa.com/i18n/aboutUs/ne

wServiceRoutes.jsp?anchorEvent=falsefrom=Nav

American Airlines New And Seasonal Nonstop Service Routes On]


Admirals Club - Headquarters

1 As of 2014 over 4,300 employees work at this

complex.[http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/

americanairlinesgroup.jsp American Airlines Group Overview]

([http://www.webcitation.org/6P4lfN3BM Archive])


Admirals Club - On-board service and cabin

1 Retrieved 18 February 2009.[http://www.aa.com/aa/i18nForward.do?p=/travelInformation/during

Flight/dining/internationalFlagshipEntrees.jsp International Flagship Entrees]


Lambert-St. Louis International Airport - American Airlines, Air National Guard, Southwest Airlines 2001–present

1 At its Miami hub, AA increased flights 23 daily flights and one additional destination, to a

new total of 294 daily flights to 108 destinations.[http://www.aa.com/i18nForward

.do?p=/amrcorp/newsroom/network_enhancements.jspv_locale=en_USv_

mobileUAFlag=AA AMR Announces New Liquidity, Network and Fleet Enhancements, accessed July 26, 2013] AA also cut flights

out of several other non-hub cities, especially in Boston and Raleigh-Durham


AAdvantage

1 They also receive similar privileges from AA's partner airlines,

particularly those in Oneworld.[http://www.aa.com/aa/i18nForward.do?p=/AAdvantage/partners/airlines/

oneWorld.jsp#elite oneworld Alliance]


AAdvantage

1 AAdvantage allows one-way redemption, starting at just 5,000

miles.http://www.aa.com/i18n/disclaimers/aadvantageAllPartnerChart.jsp


Pilot (aeronautics) - United States

1 airline.[http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/femalepilots.jsp Female Pilots Make

History]


Pangnirtung, Nunavut - Name

1 Residents say the real name is Panniqtuuq, which means the place

of many bull caribou.[http://www.qia.ca/i18n/english/communities/pang.shtm Qikiqtani

Inuit Association - Pangnirtung Profile] Early in 2005 residents voted against officially changing the name of the village to the native one, as

Pangnirtung has achieved an international reputation


Software localization - Naming

1 The terms are frequently abbreviated to the numeronyms 'i18n' (where 18

stands for the number of letters between the first i and last n in

internationalization, a usage coined at Digital Equipment Corporation|

DEC in the 1970s or 80s) and 'L10n' respectively, due to the length of the

words.


Software localization - Business process for internationalizing software

1 Details such as field length for street addresses, unique format for the address, ability to make the zip code field optional to address countries that do not have zip codes or the state field for countries

that do not have states, plus the introduction of new registration flows that adhere to local laws are just

some of the examples that make internationalization a complex

project.[http://www.ccjk.com/what-is-internationalization-i18n-localization-l10n-and-

globalization-g11n/ Internationalizing a Product: What is Internationalization (i18n), Localization

(L10n) and Globalization (g11n)]


Baffin Island - Geography

1 Iqaluit, the capital of Nunavut, is located on the southeastern coast.

Until 1987, the town shared the name Frobisher Bay with the bay on

which it is located.[http://www.city.iqaluit.nu.ca/i

18n/english/history.html About Iqaluit: History]


Horizontal and vertical writing in East Asian scripts - Vertical text and layout on World Wide Web

1 Since the late 1990s, W3C (World Wide Web Consortium) has been

drafting [http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/WD-

i18n-format-19990127/ Cascading Style Sheets properties] to enable display on the Web of the various

languages of the world according to their heritage text directions


RAW file

1 There are dozens, if not hundreds, of raw formats in use by different

models of digital equipment (like cameras or film

scanners).[http://www.cybercom.net/%7Edcoffin/dcraw/#i18n Decoding

raw digital photos in Linux]


Fairbanks International Airport - History

1 The airport opened in 1951 and took over existing scheduled airline traffic to Fairbanks, which had previously used Fort Wainwright|Ladd Air Force Base.http://dot.alaska.gov/faiiap/history.shtml Alaska Airlines used

Fairbanks as its main hub in the 1950s, with service to Seattle and Portland as well as intrastate service to Anchorage, Nome and other

destinations.[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/as53/as53-1.jpg 1953 route map] By 1967, however, the airline shifted its

Alaska hub to Anchorage; its Anchorage-Fairbanks service continues to this day.[http://www.timetableimages.com/ttimages/complete/as67/as67-

1.jpg 1967 route map] In the mid-1970s, following the development of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline, Alaska Airlines and Braniff International offered

interchange service between Fairbanks and Houston via Anchorage, Seattle and Dallas.[http://www.departedflights.com/AS020175.html 1975

route map] In 1982, following airline deregulation, Alaska Airlines and American Airlines began a similar interchange service using Boeing

727s.http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/history.jsp


El Cid - Title

1 While there are no contemporary documents proving that he was addressed as Cid, there

are many Christian and Arab records addressing him as Campeador, even

autographs which prove that he used the cognomen himself.See Ramón Menéndez Pidal, [http://bibliotecadigital.jcyl.es/i18n/consulta/registro.cmd?id=4240 «Autógrafos inéditos del Cid y de Jimena en dos diplomas de 1098 y

1101»], Revista de Filología Española, t


Aer Lingus Regional - Fleet

1 The Aer Lingus Regional fleet includes the following aircraft operated by Stobart

Air,[http://www.aerlingus.com/i18n/en/htmlPopups/reInformation.html Aer Lingus online information

regarding Aer Arann partnership][http://www.jethros.org.uk/fleets/fleet_listings/aer_lingus_regional.html jethros.org.uk] with an average fleet age of 8.5 years (as of October 2014):

[http://www.planespotters.net/Airline/Aer-Lingus-Regional Fleet Details at

planespotters.net]http://www.independent.ie/business/irish/aer-arann-takes-off-with-first-of-new-fleet-

29230035.html


Airline cost glossary - Revenue passenger mile|Revenue Passenger Miles (RPMs)

1 An RPM is created when a paying passenger flies one mile. This is the basic measure of

airline passenger traffic. It reflects how many of an airline's available seats were actually sold.

For example, if 200 passengers fly 500 miles on a flight, this generates 100,000 RPMs. In a

typical day in 2007 American Airlines produced 380 million

RPMs.[http://www.aa.com/i18n/amrcorp/corporateInformation/facts/measurements.jsp American

Airlines], accessed on 15 March 2013


Tocumen International Airport - Passenger terminal expansion

1 The airport also has a VIP lounge, Copa Club, operated by the

partnership between United Airlines and Copa Airlines that caters to Copa's partner airlines and Star Alliance members. It also had an

Admirals Club for American Airlines, which closed on June 30,

2012.https://www.aa.com/i18n/travelInformation/airportAmenities/Admirals

Club.jsphttps://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

For More Information, Visit:

• https://store.theartofservice.com/itil-2011-foundation-complete-certification-kit-fourth-edition-study-guide-ebook-and-online-course.html

The Art of Servicehttps://store.theartofservice.com








Documents

I18N