IAFNR Module 4 Natural Resources
Water IAFNR Module 4 Natural Resources The Water Cycle Image retrieved from: Indiana Water Sources Water Use Agriculture Industry Hydroelectric Plants
Image retrieved from: Image retrieved from: Image retrieved from: Water Pollution Image retrieved from: Sources of Pollution Point Source Pollution
Direct introduction of contaminants into water supply at an identifiablelocation or multiple locations Mostly associated with human activity Diffuse Source Pollution (aka. non-point source) The introduction of contaminants across a wide area Occurs in nature and with human activity Background Pollution Ongoing, natural processes because of the properties of water Nothing to do with human activity Urban Pollution Pollutions in our cities dueto items such as road salts,street detergents, and sewersystems Also includes groundwaterpollution from municipallandfills Image retrieved from: Industrial Pollution Pollution from factories
Known to cause the most waterpollution Four major categories Thermal pollution returning heated water to a stream or river Radioactive materials Organic chemicals Occurs in both industry and agriculture Inorganic materials Manufactured soaps, drugs, and paints Image retrieved from: Agricultural Pollution
Most common pollutants inagriculture Animal waste, pesticides,fertilizers, salt and sediments Federal Insecticide, Fungicide,and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) Pesticide use not according to labeldirections may be subject to civiland/or criminal penalties Eutrophication The excessive enrichment of water See photo: a eutrophic lake thatwas previously used to waterlivestock Image retrieved from: Water Purification and Treatment
Image retrieved from: Pure Water In nature, water is NEVER pure and clean Why?
Water is a natural solvent Solvents are substances thatdissolve other substances Water holds many substances insuspension Moving water generates a lot offorce, large particles are held withinwhile moving rapidly Image retrieved from: Biological Impurities
Water Impurities Chemical Impurities Biological Impurities Result from 1 of 3 conditions: Water is dangerous to drink Undesirable color Undesirable smell pH of water should be neutral (7.0) Examples Ground water Iron and manganese Hard Water Calcium or magnesium Sulfur content Mammals, viruses, aquatic trees,and algae All of these must be removed forhuman consumption of water Turbidity Refers to solid matter suspended inliquid Water Treatment Municipal Water Treatment Plants Terms Process
Influent- untreated water that flows into plant Effluent- treated water that flows out of plant Process Influent first filtered to remove large particles, solid matter, and organisms Mixed with a coagulator in rapid mixing tank Coagulation- the process of smaller particles clumping to make larger particles thatwill settle out of the water Passes to flocculator where water is stirred to induce clumping and settling After settling tank, water passes through filters Image retrieved from: http://cof-cof Wastewater Treatment References Camp, W., & Heath-Camp, B. (2009) Managing our Natural Resources. New York: Delmar. United States Environmental Protection Agency. (Aug, 1998). Laws Affecting EPA's Pesticide Programs. Retrieved from:Unity Water. (2014). The Sewage Treatment Process. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8isr9nSDCK4