IB History HL2 Period 2Mr. ManzoFebruary 2013

Renasita Yabut Daniel Aguilar-PosadaAlexander Hernandez

The Plan Focused on: economic sectors with a

heavy industry China's development,

especially steel production

extensive infrastructure development which involved electricity, rail roads and water transport 

Deng Changed the four ideals of Mao: Idea, Culture, Habit, and Thoughts - to the Four Modernizations

Ten Year Plan was announced in 1978

The goal was to reach a level at which China would be able to support itself and compete with the West

Goals where set for natural resource extractions (oil, petroleum, coal and non ferrous-metals)

The plan proved to be too ambitious and the government could not afford the costs so in 1979 the goals of the plan were modified.

Four Modernizations: agriculture, industry, science and technology and the military

The goal: was to increase the

yields of farmers to have farmers move

away from traditional farming methods 

Instead of manual work the government wanted to introduce mechanized farming

improve water supply to farmers 

support and promote the use of chemical fertilizers 

supported personal incentives and diversification

There where set quotas: 12 commodity and food

base areas would be created to allow for better regulation and distribution of food

A big turning point was the implementation of the Household Responsibility System

Under this system even though there was still no private ownership of land, each farming household received a plot of land 

The farming households could use this plot of land as they wanted

They would have a contract with the local commune in which they had to hire a certain amount of workers and plant a specific amount of crops

The farming households had control over the labor within their households and could distribute this labor however they wished

Also all farming household surplus could be either sold or kept which was a great benefit to farmers

In exchange for using the land for a period of 15 years a quota that had been predetermined would go back to the local commune

The Household Responsibility System was very successful, by 1989 90% of households where involved in the system

The System alone allowed to increase productivity by more than what had been set by the Ten Year Plan

China became the largest agricultural producer

Agricultural improvements lead to increased productivity

Due to this increased productivity, factories where built and the communes saw the revival of local crafts

This meant that farmers could leave their family plots and work locally in the factories

Focused on capital construction and improvements in heavy industries Iron, coal, steel, and oil

production 54 billion yuan

Objectives cleared: 120 projects 10 iron and steel

complexes 6 oil and gas fields 30 power stations 8 coal mines 9 non-ferrous metal

complexes 7 trunk railways 5 harbors

1978-1984: meant to improve the attitude of the industrial working class.

Industrial Responsibility System The State-Owned

Enterprise (SOE) would have contractual agreement in which % of production, surplus, and profit would go to the state.

Had quality control 1980, 6600 SOEs

Introduced Oct 1984 with the “Resolution on the Reform of Economic System” Loosened government control

but kept public ownership Emphasized that ownership

and management were distinct▪ Management should be given an

amount of autonomy to improve production

▪ Led to: private groups can lease small and medium state enterprises, largest ones remained directly under the control of the state.

The Cultural Revolution had devastating effects on education

China was lacking even the basic technology that was standard in all other developed countries

There was a need for more scientists, doctors, engineers and architects

A number of goals were put forward: wanted to be able to

compete with the developing countries my repairing the damages caused by the Cultural Revolution

wanted to be only ten years behind the developing countries by 1985

increase the number of scientists, develop the centers used for experiments and to complete a nation wide system of science and technology research 

PLA had taken action in 1976 after the Tiananmen Square incident.

Hua Guofeng’s leadership came when he overthrew the Gang of Four.

China had a direction they wanted to go, they directed the approach towards improving national defense and military training.

War erupted between the two countries that borders each other, China and Vietnam.

During the war between China and Vietnam, they had victory but did indeed face heavy casualties and suffered the effects of antiquated technology.

Deng Xiaoping had set up the four modernizations, had given himself the position of chair of the Central Military Commission.

Increased military expenditure

China had the largest army in the world (4 million) but they had been behind in advanced military technology

Mao – “Spirit over Weapons”, development of new technology:o Nuclear Weapons o Ballistic Missileso Hydrogen Bombs

Government spending was up to ten per cent of GNP on improvements and purchasing new technology.

China could develop weapons that would reach advanced military-industrial countries

•Industrial production and agriculture had an average annual growth of 11%•Growth rates high in coal, steel, electricity and oil•GNP= 778 billion in 1985•success in the regions of infrastructure development and construction•tremendous improvements in science and technology•Problems with the workforce

-Young workers often trained abroad with modern equipment and then had to reintegrate themselves on their return within an outdated system

-Also, older workers who had suffered from a lack of education due to the cultural revolution felt threatened by the younger workers

•The increased production brought about inflation•The plan focused on modernization, economic growth and the availability of consumer goods

-however other issues affecting the quality of life where not payed attention to•Beijing became very polluted and China suffered deforestation on a big scale•One child policy •Corruption •Also, the children of Party members had many benefits

- they were automatically accepted into universities and did not have to serve in the military

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=erxnPs6HZnw