Cell Biology: Cell Division1. [1 mark]

What occurs during meiosis but not mitosis?A. Spindles are formed from microtubules.B. Chromosome number is conserved.C. Homologous chromosomes pair up.D. Centromeres split.

2. [1 mark]

Which diagram(s) represent(s) processes used in asexual reproduction?

A. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. II onlyD. I, II and III

1

3. [1 mark] When during the cell cycle does DNA replication take place?

2

4. [1 mark] The graph shows the survival probabilities for current smokers and for those who never smoked among women 30 to 80 years of age.

What can be deduced from this graph?A. There is a correlation between smoking and cancer.B. Smoking reduces life expectancy.C. Smoking causes cancer.D. 70 % of smokers survive to 80 years old.

5. [1 mark]

The diagram shows the concentration of four cyclins during the cell cycle. Which curve represents the cyclin that promotes the assembly of the mitotic spindle?

3

6. [1 mark] Which mitotic phase is labelled X in the micrograph of an onion (Allium cepa) root tip?

A. ProphaseB. MetaphaseC. AnaphaseD. Telophase

4

7a. [1 mark] The image is an electron micrograph.

Determine, with a reason, whether the image is of a prokaryotic cell or eukaryotic cell. 7b. [5 marks]

(i) State the process that divides one nucleus into two genetically identical nuclei.(ii) Explain how the cell cycle is controlled.

5

8a. [3 marks] The image is an electron micrograph of the lining of the small intestine.

(i) Label the microvilli using the letter M and a nucleus using the letter N.(ii) State the function of the goblet cell.(iii) Deduce, with a reason, whether or not the goblet cell is likely to divide.

8b. [4 marks]

Explain how the cell cycle is controlled.

9. [1 mark] During which stage does the cell surface area to volume ratio decrease?A. InterphaseB. MetaphaseC. TelophaseD. Cytokinesis

10a. [5 marks]

Outline the stages of the cell cycle.

10b. [8 marks] Explain the process of translation in cells.

10c. [5 marks]

Outline the production of a dipeptide by a condensation reaction, showing the structure of a generalized dipeptide.

6

11a. [1 mark] The micrograph shows a cell from the root of an onion (Allium cepa) during mitosis.

Calculate the magnification of the image. 11b. [1 mark]

Deduce the stage of mitosis shown in the micrograph.

11c. [2 marks] The onion (Allium cepa) is an angiospermophyte. The honey bee (Apis mellifera) is an arthropod. State three structural differences between the cells of an onion and a honey bee.

11d. [1 mark] State what is indicated by the presence of polysomes in a cell.

12. [1 mark] Which events occur during both mitosis and meiosis?A. Production of haploid cells from diploid cellsB. Crossing overC. Separation of the chromatids from each chromosomeD. Production of genetically different cells

13. [1 mark] Which of the following processes take place during interphase in animal cells?I. Spindle formationII. Transcription and translationIII. Increase in numbers of mitochondriaA. I onlyB. I and II onlyC. II and III onlyD. I, II and III

7

14. [1 mark] Which phase of mitosis is shown in the photomicrograph?

A. AnaphaseB. MetaphaseC. ProphaseD. Telophase

15. [1 mark] What actions occur during interphase?A. DNA replication and RNA synthesisB. Spindle formation and DNA replicationC. Chromosome alignment at the metaphase plateD. Growth and separation of sister chromatids

16a. [3 marks] State three processes occurring in a cell during interphase of the cell cycle but not in mitosis.1. ....................................................................2. ....................................................................3. ....................................................................

16b. [3 marks] Explain how sexual reproduction can allow evolution to occur.

8

17. [1 mark] The following events occur in mitosis.X: Attachment of spindle microtubules to centromeres Y: Movement of sister chromatids to opposite poles Z: Supercoiling of chromosomesWhat is the correct sequence of events?A. X → Z → YB. X → Y → ZC. Z → X → YD. Z → Y → X

18a. [2 marks] The electron micrographs show mitosis in a cell at an early stage and an intermediate stage.

State the name of each phase shown, recording whether each phase has taken place at an early or intermediate stage of mitosis.Phase A: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .occurs at an. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stagePhase B: . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .occurs at an. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . stage

18b. [2 marks] Outline the events occurring in phase A.

18c. [1 mark] State what results when there is an uncontrolled division of cells in living organisms.

18d. [2 marks] DNA in chromosomes undergoes replication before mitosis. Outline how complementary base pairing is important in this process.

9

19. [1 mark] If there are 16 chromosomes in a cell that is about to divide, what will be the number of chromosomes in a daughter cell after division by mitosis or meiosis?

20. [1 mark] In which stage of mitosis is the cell labelled X?

A. Anaphase B. Interphase C. Metaphase D. Prophase

21. [1 mark] What is the principal mode of division for the prokaryote Escherichia coli ?A. Endocytosis B. Binary fission C. Cytokinesis D. Meiosis

10

22. [1 mark] Which of the following does not occur during interphase?A. Replication B. Translation C. Cytokinesis D. An increase in the number of mitochondria

23a. [1 mark] The following sequence of pictures, made using an electronic imaging technique, shows a cell undergoing division.

State the stage of mitosis typified by image II.

23b. [2 marks] List two processes that involve mitosis.

23c. [1 mark] State the process that results in tumour (cancer) formation or development.

23d. [2 marks] Explain, using one example, how non-disjunction in meiosis can lead to changes in chromosome number.

11

24. [1 mark] Which events occur during the G1 phase and S phase of the cell cycle?

25. [1 mark] What happens during the G2 stage of interphase?A. Homologous chromosomes pair B. Synthesis of proteins C. Homologous chromosomes separate D. Replication of DNA

26. [1 mark] Which of the following take(s) place during interphase and mitosis in animal cells?I. Re-formation of nuclear membranes II. Pairing of homologous chromosomes III. DNA replicationA. I only B. I and II only C. II and III only D. I and III only

27a. [4 marks] Explain why DNA must be replicated before mitosis and the role of helicase in DNA replication.

27b. [5 marks] Explain how the base sequence of DNA is conserved during replication.

27c. [9 marks] Describe the events that occur during mitosis.

28. [1 mark] During which stage of the cell cycle are the numbers of mitochondria increased in a cell?A. CytokinesisB. InterphaseC. MeiosisD. Mitosis

12

29. [1 mark] Which of these processes require mitosis?A. Embryological development B. Reducing surface area to volume ratio C. Maintaining cell size D. Cell growth

30. [1 mark] During which phase of the cell cycle do chromosomes duplicate?A. G1 B. S C. G2 D. Mitosis

31. [1 mark] What is a difference between a cell in the G1 phase and a cell in the G2 phase of the cell cycle?A. A cell in the G2 phase would be smaller than a cell in the G1 phase. B. A cell in the G2 phase would have more mitochondria than a cell in the G1 phase. C. A cell in the G1 phase would have more DNA in its chromosomes than a cell in the G2 phase. D. DNA replication occurs in the G1 phase but not in the G2 phase.

Printed for Pritzker College Prep © International Baccalaureate Organization 2018 International Baccalaureate® - Baccalauréat International® - Bachillerato Internacional®

13