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8/20/2019 IBEF Tourism and Hospitality August 2014
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13th highest contribution
to GDP• India ranked 13th among 184 countries in terms of travel and tourism’s total contribution to
GDP in 2013
Contribution to GDP
above world average
• In India, the sector’s direct contribution to GDP is expected to grow 6.4 per cent per
annum during 2014 –24 vis-à-vis the world average of 4.2 per cent
Creating higher
employment
• The travel and tourism sector in India accounted for 7.7 per cent of total employment,
generating 35.44 million jobs. The number is expected to rise by 1.9 per cent per annum to
43.8 million jobs in 2024
Higher investments• Travel and tourism’s contribution to capital investment is projected to grow 6.5 per cent per
annum during 2014 –24, above the global average of 5.1 per cent
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014, 12th Five Year Plan, Aranca Research
Increasing visitor
exports• The contribution of visitor exports to total exports is estimated to increase 4.3 per cent per
annum during 2014 –2024 compared to the world average of 4.0 per cent
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Growing demand
Source: WTTC, Aranca Research
Notes: F stands for forecasts, WTTC – World Travel and Tourism Council, Market size forecasts by WTTC;
UNESCO – United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation
Robust demand
• Foreign tourist arrivals increasedat a CAGR of 7.2 per cent over2005 –13
• Domestic spending on tourism isgrowing due to rising income and
changing lifestyles (especiallyamong young people)
Attractive opportunities
• India has diverse offerings such asadventure, rural and wildlifetourism
• India is expected to receive nearlyhalf a million medical tourists by
2015, implying an annual growth of30 per cent
Policy support
• The Visa on Arrival scheme wasextended to 180 countries in 2014
• A five-year tax holiday has beenoffered for 2-,3-, and 4- starcategory hotels located aroundUNESCO World Heritage sites(except Delhi and Mumbai)
Diverse attractions
• India has 28 World Heritage Sitesand 25 bio-geographic zones
• The country’s big coastline isdotted with a number of attractivebeaches
2013
Market
size:
USD122.1
billion
2022F
Market
size:
USD418.9
billion
Advantage
India
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• The National
Tourism Policy was
announced in 1982
• The governmentformulated a
comprehensive plan
in 1988 to promote
tourism
• Various states in India
declared tourism as anindustry
• The government
stressed on private-
public partnership in
the sector
• Government policies
give a fillip to the hotel
industry
• A national policy on
tourism was
announced in 2002,
focusing on developing
a robust infrastructure
• Online travel portals
and low-cost carrier
airlines gave a boost todomestic tourism
• The government has
undertaken variousmarketing initiatives to
attract tourists
• Domestic spending on
tourism accounted for
over 80.7 per cent of total
tourism revenues in 2013
• The number of foreign
tourists visiting India rose
to 6.8 million in 2013 from3.9 million in 2005
Pre-1990
1990 –2000
2000 –05
2005 onwards
Source: WTTC, Ministry of Tourism, Aranca Research
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Includes hotel and restaurant businesses
Comprises airline companies, cruise services, railways, carrentals and more
Constituents include historical monuments, beaches,sanctuaries, mountains, and festivals, etc.
A fragmented sector with a number of independent travelagents and many online businesses
Offer customised tours, including travel and accommodation,
and sightseeing
Accommodation
and catering
Transportation
Attractions
Travel agents
Tour operators
Tourism and
hospitality
Source: Dun and Bradstreet’s report on tourism in India
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Transportation
Attractions
Travel agents
Rural tourism
Medical tourism
Heritage tourismLuxury tourism
Eco-tourism
• The aim is to:
• Develop interest in heritage andculture; and
• Promote visits to village settingsto experience and live a relaxedand healthy lifestyle
• Tourists seek specialisedmedical treatments, mainlyayurvedic, spa and othertherapies
• Tourists visit India for its culturalheritage in various cities
• Vast variety of flora and fauna invarious states is a major factorbehind their growing popularityas tourist destinations
• The luxury travel market isestimated to be around USD1.7billion and projected to grow atan average rate of 15 –20 percent over the next decade
Source: Dun and Bradstreet’s report on tourism in India
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Direct contribution of tourism and hospitality to GDP
(USD billion)
The tourism and hospitality sector’s direct contribution to
GDP totalled USD37.3 billion in 2013
Over 2006 –14, direct contribution is expected to register a
CAGR of 10 per cent
The direct contribution of travel and tourism to GDP is
expected to grow 6.4 per cent per annum to USD70.6 billion
(2.1 per cent of GDP) by 2024
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014, Aranca Research
Notes: CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate, E- Estimates,
GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product; the definition of direct, indirect and induced
contribution is specified in the Glossary on Slide 41
1825 24
2631 31
36 37 38
71
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014E 2024E
CAGR: 10%
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Travel and tourism’s total contribution to GDP
(USD billion)
The sector’s total contribution to GDP increased to
USD113.5 billion in 2013 from USD88.1 billion in 2007 and
is expected to reach USD115.6 billion in 2014
It is forecast to increase by 7 per cent per annum to
USD227 billion by 2024 (6.8 per cent of GDP)
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014,
Aranca Research
Note: E – Estimate
Note: The definition of direct, indirect and inducedcontribution is specified in the appendix
88
82 89
103 105
116 113 116
227
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014E 2024E
CAGR: 4%
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Foreign tourists arriving in India (million)Over 6.8 million foreign tourist arrivals were reported in2013
Foreign tourist arrivals increased at a CAGR of 7.2 per cent
during 2005 –13
By 2024, foreign tourist arrivals are expected to increase to
13.42 million, according to the World Tourism Organisation
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014,
Ministry of Tourism, Aranca Research
3.9
4.45.1 5.3 5.2
5.86.3
6.6 6.8
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
CAGR: 7.2%
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Total foreign exchange earnings from tourism grew to
USD18.1 billion in 2013
Foreign exchange earnings increased at a CAGR of 11.7
per cent during 2005 –13
Foreign exchange earnings from tourism in India
(USD billion)
Source: Ministry of Tourism, Aranca Research
7.5 8.6
10.7 11.7 11.4
14.2
16.6
17.7 18.1
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
CAGR: 11.7%
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Company SegmentRevenue
(USD millions)Other major players
Online bookingYatra.com, cleartrip.com, travelocity.com,
travelchacha.com
Hotel USD377.0 million ITC, Oberoi, Marriott
Airlines USD3.4 billion SpiceJet, Indigo, Indian Airlines
Tour operators USD12.3 billion SOTC, Raj Travels
Source: Respective company websites
Notes: ** highlights revenues are in billion;
FY13* Includes data only for the month of January to September 2012
68.9 75.256.0
FY11 FY12 FY13*
197 229255
FY12 FY13 FY14
338345
320
FY12 FY13 FY14
3.03.3
2.9
FY12** FY13** FY14**
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Share of tourists by expenditure (2013)
Domestic travel revenues aggregated USD79.7 billion in 2013 and are expected to reach USD156.7 billion by 2024
Foreign visitor revenues reached USD19 billion in 2013 and are projected to total USD28.34 billion by 2024
Domestic travellers contributed over 80.7 per cent to total tourism revenues in 2013
Expected share of tourists by expenditure (2024)
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014, Aranca Research
80.7%
19.3%
Domestic spending
Foreign visitor spending
84.7%
15.3%
Domestic spending
Foreign visitor spending
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Segment-wise revenue share (2013)
Revenues from leisure travel constitute over 78.9 per cent of total tourism revenues in India
Revenues from leisure travel totalled USD77.87 billion in 2013 and are estimated to reach USD153.72 billion by 2024
Business travel revenues stood at USD20.80 billion in 2013 and are projected to reach over USD41.4 billion by 2024
Expected segment-wise revenue share (2024)
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014, Aranca Research
78.9%
21.1%
Leisure spending
Business spending
78.8%
21.2%
Leisure spending
Business spending
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2.5
2.93.2
3.6 3.8
4.3
5.3
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011
The Indian hotel industry recorded revenues of over
USD5.3 billion in 2011
Over 2005-11, the industry recorded a strong CAGR of 13.3
per cent
Revenues of India’s hotel industry (USD billion)
CAGR: 13.3%
Source: Media Sources, Aranca Research
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Domestic consumers are the biggest revenue generators in
the Indian hospitality sector, with a share of over 52 per cent
in total revenues
Foreign tourists contributed about 23 per cent to total
revenues
Various segments’ revenue share in Indian hotels
(2009)
52.9%
24.4%
22.7%
Domestic consumer
Domestic business
International
Source: Datamonitor, Aranca Research
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Online travel operators• Over 70 per cent of air tickets are now being booked online in the country
• A number of online travel and tour operators, which provide better prices and options to
consumers, have emerged in India
Wellness tourism• The widespread practice of ayurveda, yoga, siddha and naturopathy that is complemented
by the nation’s spiritual philosophy makes India a famous wellness destination
Cruises• India attracted 163,000 cruise visitors in 2011
• The country’s cruise market is estimated to be worth USD300 million
Source: Aranca Research
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Source: Aranca Research
Competitive Rivalry
• The Indian hospitality sector is highly fragmented with a large number
of small and unorganised players; this increases competition
• Customers’ low switching cost and price sensitivity are increasing
competition among players
Threat of New Entrants Substitute Products
Bargaining Power of Suppliers Bargaining Power of Customers
• Entry is easy as it is not capital
intensive, but a player needs to
achieve economies of scale
and access to distribution
channel to compete
• There is the threat of forward
integration; for instance, the
airline starts selling directly to
customers
• The cost of switching suppliers
is low
• Low switching cost gives
customer high bargaining
power
• Customers are price sensitive
and have information about the
services being provided
• Threat of substitute products is
minimal as no substitutes are
available in the market
Competitive
Rivalry
(High)
Threat of New
Entrants
(Moderate)
Threat of
Substitute
Products
(Low)
Bargaining
Power of
Customers
(High)
Bargaining
Power of
Suppliers
(Moderate)
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Source: Company websites, Aranca Research
Notes: CDMA – Code Division Multiple Access,
GSM – Global System for Mobile Communication
• Players are using innovative marketing strategies to succeed in this sector. For example:
• The Goa Tourism Development Corporation (GTDC) is planning to organise
familiarisation trips or “fam” trips for international tour operators and media to
showcase Goa as a tourist destination. It has also planned to promote Goa in
international markets through the print and electronic media
• Indian Railways is providing various benefits to foreign tourists such as priority
reservation and Indian rail pass for train travel
• Players are trying to ensure convenience for their customers by providing all services
available on a single portal. For example, makemytrip.com and a host of other websites
provide a comprehensive basket of offerings which include outbound and inbound travel
for leisure and business trips, hotels and car booking, holiday packages within India or
abroad, etc.
• Players are opting for many channels to maximise sales and ensure convenience for their
customers. For example, Thomas Cook and Kuoni India launched their online portals to
compete with others. On the other hand, makemytrip.com is planning to go for the offline
channel to complement its existing portal and has already launched mobile apps formaximising sales
Marketing strategy
One stop solution
Multiple channels
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Growthdrivers
Growingdemand
PolicysupportRising FDI
• Tourism and hospitality
attracted the second
highest FDI (USD3.2billion) in FY13*
• In the hotel and tourism sector,
100 per cent FDI was allowed
through the automatic route
• Campaigns such as Incredible
India and Athithi Devo Bhava
were launched to harness the
tourism industry’s potential
• Domestic expenditure on tourism
is expected to rise due to the
growing income of households
• A number of niche offerings such
as medical tourism and eco
tourism are expected to create
more demand
Source: Datamonitor, Aranca Research
Note: * Data as per February 2013
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Strong growth in per capita income in the country is driving
the domestic tourism market
A shift in demographics with rising young population
(coupled with changing lifestyles) is leading to greater
expenditure on leisure services
According to the IMF, nominal per capita income increased
at a CAGR of 9.5 per cent over 2000 –13
Per capita income in India
Source: IMF, Aranca Research
Note: F - Forecast
-5%
0%5%
10%
15%
20%
25%
30%
0
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
2 0 0 9
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 1
2 0 1 2
2 0 1 3
2 0 1 4 F
2 0 1 5 F
2 0 1 6 F
2 0 1 7 F
2 0 1 8 F
Per Capita income, USD, LHS Growth
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Domestic expenditure on tourism (USD billion)
Source: WTTC - Travel & Tourism Economic Impact 2014, Aranca Research
Note: E – Estimate
Domestic expenditure on tourism has grown significantly; the
market is expected to reach USD82 billion in 2014 and USD157
billion in 2023, representing a CAGR of 6.4 per cent during2007 –14E53
58
56
6977
76 8082
157
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014E 2024E
CAGR: 6.4%
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Five Year Plan
• In the 12th Five Year Plan, a budgetary support of USD2.8 billion has been approved for
the Ministry of Tourism for the development of tourism infrastructure projects, including
rural tourism and human resource development projects
• Under the plan, USD1.3 billion has been allocated for the Ministry of Culture
Special boards
• The ministry set up a Hospitality Development and Promotion Board, which will monitor
and facilitate hotel project clearances/approvals
Tourist police• The ministry, in consultation with state/UT administrations, has proposed to employ tourist
police at prominent tourist spots
Allocation for North-
Eastern Regions• The government has planned an investment of 10.1 per cent of the allocations under the
Central Plan for the North-East region and Sikkim in the Union Budget for FY14
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2013,
12th Five Year Plan, Aranca Research
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Capital investment in the tourism and hospitality sector has
been rising consistently
Investments are expected to increase at a CAGR of 16.3
per cent to USD36 billion during 2007 –24E
By 2024, investments are expected to increase to USD65
billion
Capital investments in the tourism sector
(USD billion)
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014, Aranca Research
Note: E – Estimate
13
36
23
2933
33 3336
65
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014E 2024E
CAGR: 16.3%
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Collective government spending on tourism
(USD billion)
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2014, Aranca Research
Note: E – Estimates
The government’s collective spending on the tourism and
hospitality sector is expected to reach USD2.0 billion in
2014
By the end of 2014, spending is projected to expand at a
CAGR of 11.2 per cent over a seven-year period
By 2024, the government’s collective spending is expected
to increase to USD3.8 billion
1.0
1.6
1.7 2.02.1 2.0 1.9 2.0
3.8
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014E 2024E
CAGR: 11.2%
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Growth in visa on arrival
Source: Ministry of Tourism, Aranca Research
The Visa on Arrival scheme has been popular among
tourists
In June 2014, the government approved 180 countries
under the Visa on Arrival scheme to attract additional
foreign tourists
The scheme registered an average growth of 45.8 per cent
over 2010 –13
6,549
12,761
16,084
20,294
2010 2011 2012 2013
CAGR: 45.8%
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• The presence of world-class
hospitals and skilled medical
professionals makes India a
preferred destination for
medical tourism
• India’s earnings from medical
tourism could exceed USD3.9
billion in 2014 from USD1.9
billion in 2011
• Tour operators are teaming
up with hospitals to tap this
market
• Cruise shipping is one of the
most dynamic and fastest
growing segments of the
global leisure industry
• India, with its vast and
beautiful coastline, virgin
forests and undisturbed
islands, can be a good
destination for cruise tourists
• The potential for the
development of rural tourism
in India is high as most of its
population resides in rural
areas
• This can benefit the local
community economically and
socially, and facilitate
interaction between tourists
and locals for a mutually
enriching experience
Medical tourism Cruise tourism Rural tourism
Source: Ministry of Tourism, BMI, Aranca Research
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Tamil Nadu – Second most visited state byforeign tourists; attracted 14.7 per cent of
total foreign tourists visiting India in 2012
Major cities to visit – Chennai, Coimbatore,
Kanyakumari, Madurai, Ooty, Rameswaram
and Salem
Major attractions – Meenakshi Temple,
Brihadeeswarar Temple, Yelagiri Hills,
Hogenakkal Falls and Vivekananda Memorial
Uttar Pradesh – Attracted 9.7 per cent of
foreign tourists and 16.3 per cent of
domestic tourists in 2012
Major cities to visit – Agra, Allahabad,
Ayodhya, Lucknow, Fatehpur and Meerut
Major attractions – Taj Mahal, Agra Fort,
Fatehpur Sikri and Sarnath
Delhi – Attracted 11.1 per cent of
foreign tourists visiting India in 2012
Major attractions – Qutub Minar,
Red Fort, Humayun’s Tomb, India
Gate, Jantar Mantar and Jama
Masjid
Maharashtra – Attracted 24.6 per cent
of foreign tourists visiting India in 2012
Major cities to visit – Amravati,
Kolhapur, Mumbai and Nashik
Major attractions – Ajanta and Ellora
Caves, Shirdi, Ashtavinayak and
Matheran
Source: Aranca Research
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Forecasts of foreign tourists arriving in India
(million)
Foreign tourist arrivals are expected to increase at a CAGR
of 16.1 per cent during 2013-15F
The number of foreign tourists arriving in India is anticipated
to be more than 9.2 million by 2015
Source: Ministry of Tourism, BMI, Aranca Research
Note: F – Forecasts
6.6 6.8
8.5 9.2
2012 2013 2014F 2015F
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Forecasts of foreign exchange earnings from
tourism in India (USD million)
Foreign exchange earnings from tourism are expected to
increase at a CAGR of 5.0 per cent during 2013 –15F
Foreign exchange earnings are forecast to reach USD20
billion in 2015
Source: Ministry of Tourism, BMI, Aranca ResearchNotes: F stands for Forecasts, CAGR – Compound Annual Growth Rate
17,740 18,100
18,988
19,949
2012 2013 2014F 2015F
CAGR: 5%
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Capacity of hotels in India (‘000) The number of hotel beds in the country is expected toincrease to 501,000 by 2016 from 269,000 in 2011
The number of hotel rooms in the country is expected to
increase to 220,000 by 2016 from 121,000 in 2011
Source: BMI, Aranca Research
Note: F – Forecast
98 109 121
135 154176
197 220210
241 262
295339
392
443
501
2009 2010 2011 2012F 2013F 2014F 2015F 2016F
Number of hotel rooms Number of hotel beds
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Low-cost airlines• Growth in low-cost airlines is expected to lower tourism costs and increase domestic
spending on tourism
Increase in international
flight operators
• The market is likely to become more competitive due to the entry of an increasing number
of international flight operators expected to offer improved services to tourists. JVs such as
Air Asia and Tata SIA are beginning services in India and can provide better services
Increasing number of
airports
• The Airports Authority of India aims to start operating 250 airports across the country by
2020
Higher investments• The government is expected to earmark USD12.4 billion in the 12 th Five-Year Plan (2012 –
17); of these, private investments are likely to total USD9.2 billion
Higher passenger traffic• By 2020, passenger traffic at Indian airports is expected to rise to 450 million from 160
million currently
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s Economic Impact 2013, 12 th Five Year Plan, Aranca Research
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Growth in foreign tourist arrivals pre and post
incredible India (million)
Incredible India is a marketing campaign launched by the
Government of India in 2002 to promote India as a tourist
destination internationally
Foreign tourist arrivals increased at a CAGR of 9.7 per cent
during 2003-13 to 6.8 million by the end of 2013
India currently attracts 0.63 per cent of tourists from world
over; the government aims to increase it to 1 per cent
In 2012, India Tourism launched two new campaigns: Find
What You Seek, an international campaign; and Go
Beyond, a domestic campaign
Source: Gujarat's Ministry of Tourism,
Aranca Research
2.4 2.4
2.5 2.7 2.5
2.42.7
3.5
3.9
4.5 5.15.3 5.2
5.86.3
6.6 6.8
1 9 9 7
1 9 9 8
1 9 9 9
2 0 0 0
2 0 0 1
2 0 0 2
2 0 0 3
2 0 0 4
2 0 0 5
2 0 0 6
2 0 0 7
2 0 0 8
2 0 0 9
2 0 1 0
2 0 1 1
2 0 1 2
2 0 1 3
CAGR: 9.7%
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Contribution of tourism to Gujarat's GDPGujarat is the 7th largest state, located in the Western part ofIndia, with the longest coastline of 1,600 km
The government spent nearly USD13 million for the
‘Khusbhoo Gujarat Ki’ campaign, which featured Amitabh
Bachchan, brand ambassador of the state; the campaign
was a huge success
The campaign led to an increase in the number of visitors to5.4 million in the last two years
The government plans to focus on the state's 1,600 km
coastline to promote maritime, coastal and ecotourism
2.5% 2.8%3.5%
5.1%
8.2%
10.2%
2002 2005 2010 2015E 2020E 2022E
Source: World Travel & Tourism Council’s
Economic Impact 2013, Aranca Research
Note: E – Estimates
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Revenue generated from tourism in Kerala
(USD billion)
Kerala is on the Malabar coast in Southwest India
In the early 1990s, the state was known as a single beach
destination
Kerala successfully marketed its serene backwaters, wildlife
sanctuaries, ayurvedic treatments and temple festivals
Revenue from tourism increased at a CAGR of over 11.0
per cent during 2005 –13
Source: Kerala’s Ministry of Tourism, Aranca Research
0.3 0.4 0.70.6 0.6 0.8 0.8 0.8
1.0
1.7 2.0
2.9 2.7 2.8
3.7
3.53.8 3.9
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Foreign exchange earnings Total tourism revenues
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Number of tourists visiting Kerala annually
(in million)
The share of foreign tourists increased from 7.3 per cent in
2012 to 7.8 per cent in 2013
Source: Kerala’s Ministry of Tourism
5.9 6.36.6
7.6 7.98.6
9.410.1 10.1
0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.7 0.70.8 0.9
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Domestic Tourists Foreign Tourists
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Revenues (USD million)Makemytrip.com
The website was conceived and founded by Deep Kalra in
2000
Makemytrip offers airline tickets, hotel bookings, domestic
and foreign packaged tours, bus tickets, corporate travel
services, visa assistance, foreign exchange and travel
insurance
The company’s revenues totalled USD255.4 million in FY14
It has a market capitalisation of USD1.09* billion
The company’s revenues expanded at a CAGR of over 37.2
per cent during FY08 –14
Source: www.makemytrip.com
Note: * - As of 5 June 2014
38
69
84
125
197
229
255
FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14
CAGR: 37.2%
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Revenues (USD million)Indian Hotel Company Limited (IHCL)
The company was incorporated in 1902 and launched the
first hotel in India, The Taj Mahal Palace & Tower, in
Mumbai in 1903
Taj Hotels Resorts and Palaces has 66 hotels in 42
locations across India and 16 hotels worldwide
IHCL operates in the luxury, premium, mid-market and
value market segments through various brands such as Taj,
Taj Exotica, Taj Safari, Vivanta, Gateway Hotel and Ginger
IHCL operates Taj Air, a luxury private jet service
The company operates Taj Sats Air Catering Ltd, the largest
airline catering service in South Asia
IHCL’s revenues stood at USD320 million in FY14
Source: IHCL’s website
337
380
356
327320
338345
320
FY07 FY08 FY09 FY10 FY11 FY12 FY13 FY14
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Federation of Hotel & Restaurant Associations of India (FHRAI)B-82, 8th Floor, Himalaya House,
23, Kasturba Gandhi Marg,
New Delhi – 110001
Phone: 91-11- 40780780
Fax: 91-11- 40780777
Hotel Association of India (HAI)
B 212 –214Som Dutt Chamber-I,
Bhikaji Cama Place,New Delhi – 110 066
Phone: 91-11-2617 1110/14
Fax: 91-11-2617 1115
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Direct contribution: Spending on accommodation, transportation, attractions and entertainment
Indirect contribution: Travel and tourism investment spending, and government collective travel and tourism spending
Induced contribution: Spending of direct and indirect employees
GOI: Government of India
CAGR: Compound Annual Growth Rate
INR: Indian Rupee
USD: US Dollar
Wherever applicable, numbers have been rounded off to the nearest whole number
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Year INR equivalent of one USD
2004-05 44.81
2005-06 44.14
2006-07 45.14
2007-08 40.27
2008-09 46.14
2009-10 47.42
2010-11 45.62
2011-12 46.88
2012-13 54.31
2013-14 60.28
Exchange rates (Fiscal Year)
Year INR equivalent of one USD
2005 43.98
2006 45.18
2007 41.34
2008 43.62
2009 48.42
2010 45.72
2011 46.85
2012 53.46
2013 58.44
2014* 61.58
Exchange rates (Calendar Year)
Average for the year
* - from January to March 2014
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