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The Art of Getting Information

A prime concern of today's scientistsand engineers is how to get the pre-cise information they need at themoment they need it. The format inwhich the data is presented is also ofimportance. For maximum decision-making effectiveness, the data shouldbe made available in a concise, rele-vant and readily usable form.

A solution to this challenging problemis graphic data processing. This is aunique method of man-machinecommunication that allows the userto literally look into the computer forinstant access to the specific datahe needs. The data is displayed in theform of charts, diagrams, drawings

or lines of alphameric characters.

Graphic data processing has had adramatic impact on scientific andengineering design and analyses ap-plications. It has substantially re-duced problem solution time and im-proved the quality of the results.

This dynamic capability is now avail-able to users of the IBM 1130 Com-puting System by attaching the IBM2250 Display Unit Model 4.

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A Compact, Economical System

The combination of the high-speed

computing power of the 1130 with thevisual display capability of the IBM2250 Display Unit Model 4 provides acompact graphic data processingsystem. The 1130/2250 is availablein two configurations:

A Stand-Alone System which providesthe ability to execute many engineer-ing and analyses applications, such asstress analysis, circuit design andsystem simulation.

A Remote System which permits the1130 system to be attached to an IBMSystem/360 by telecommunicationlines. This configuration gives remote-

ly located display users direct accessto the large storage facilities andcomputational power of System/360.

The 2250 Display Unit Model 4

The heart of the 1130/2250 graphicsystem is the compact, easy-to-use2250 Model 4. The display unit offers1130 users a means of presentingcomputer-generated information inits natural form: graphically for draw-ings or alphamerically for descrip-tive data. The data appears on a 21 -inch direct-view cathode ray tubein the desired pattern as a series ofpoints or vectors.

Images can be modified by enteringadditional information from three dif-ferent sources: the Alphameric Key-board for message entry and editing;the Program Function Keyboard for

application flexibility; or the hand-held Light Pen. Each of these devicesis located on the 2250 console, per-mitting the designer to provide in-stantaneous direction to his problemsolution. When he is satisfied withthe results he sees on the screen, thedesigner can direct his data to itsmost convenient output form, either

alphameric or graphic.

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Extensive Display and User Inter-

action CapabilitiesAmong the outstanding features of theversatile 2250 Model 4 are:

A 12"x 12" display area. A total of 3,848 character positions;

52 lines with 74 characters per line. Up to 2,000 characters or 2,800 in-

cremental vectors can be displayed

at a 40 times per second refresh rate;up to 2,600 characters or 3,700 in-cremental vectors at a 30 times persecond refresh rate.

Straight lines of any length, at anyangular orientation can be drawn atany position on the screen.

Incremental beam positioning is pro-vided for efficient core utilization andprogramming flexibility.

Flexible Character Capacity Character font design can be pro-

grammed. Superscripting and subscripting can

be performed. Upper and lower case is provided.

A Personalized Graphic System

The 2250 Model 4 and the 1131 Cen-tral Processing Unit can be operatedas a single unit because of the prox-imity of the 2250 to the 1131 operatorconsole. The table-top of the 2250provides a convenient work space forthe system user.

The removable and interchangeableIBM 2315 Disk Cartridges allow eachuser to retain data and programs re-lating to his application.

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A Wide Range of Applications

There is a wide range of application

for the 1130/2250 Graphic DataProcessing System. The 2250 consolebridges the gap between the manand the computer by providing theuser with a "window into the com-puter." The computing system pro-vides the high speed calculationwhile the user brings his imagination,judgment and experience to the

solution of the problem.

As a stand-alone graphics system orattached to System/360, the 1130/2250 system can execute a range ofapplications from simple data anal-ysis programs to complex 3-dimen-sional design and numerical control.One of the key advantages found in

many of these applications is therapid turnaround time achievedthrough the use of the on-line con-solean important factor in winningbids, improving design and reduc-ing overall cost in the solution of aproblem. Among the applications forgraphics are:

Data Reduction

The test data from physical testingactivity where a number of variablesinteract dynamically are tabulated,plotted, and smoothed in order to beintelligible to the engineer. Althoughcomputers have greatly assisted thedata reduction process, elapsed timefrom test to analysis has been a seri-ous bottleneck. The 2250 makes possi-

ble on-line integration of otherwisemeaningless data; test results areavailable for analysis in a fraction ofthe time previously required for in-terpretation, editing, and reprocessingof partially reduced data.

Computer-Aided DesignThe 2250 Display Unit provides a

powerful man-machine interface forcomputer-aided design. Althoughconventional batch processing ofFORTRAN problems is well suited tostructured problems, the engineerneeds a window into the computer forthe typically unstructured problemsso frequently found in design work.The computer accepts the engineer's

problem statement through the 2250,computes tentative or intermediateresults, and displays these as curvesand graphs while he is thinking abouthis problem. With this computer as-sistance, the engineer can rapidlyarrive at an optimum design solution.Computer time is not wasted onlengthy computation based on un-

promising assumptions.

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Engineering AnalysisIn every engineering discipline thereexist analysis problems character-ized by tedious iterations and volumi-nous output. By building graphicsinto the solution of the problem, fasterturnaround is achieved through ac-curate and rapid analysis at the con-sole. Often, many needless iterations

are eliminated through visual veri-fications and selections.

Design DraftingRecent advances in master dimen-sioningthe mathematical definitionof surfacesare being linked tographic data processing. These math-ematical surface descriptions are

displayed on the 2250; then the de-signer uses the computer's analyticgeometry processing capability toconstruct the remaining lines, circles,arcs, and curves to complete the en-gineering description. This "draw-ing," together with computed dimen-sions, annotation, parts list, etc., istransferred to recorders or automatic

digital drafting machines to exactsize, or the drawing is suitably scaledfor distribution. Since the drawingdata has been captured in computer-readable form, it can then be usedby a numerical control parts program-mer for subsequent numericallycontrolled production of the part.

Numerical ControlThe once tedious job of preparinga parts program manuscript to bepunched into cards for input to acomputer can be avoided by Numeri-cal Control Graphics. The program-mer describes the dimensions ofthe parts, establishes the cutter toolpath, and names the machine tool

functions directly on the 2250. Notonly does he see the shape of partsand the resulting cutter location pic-torially, but he gets immediate noti-fication of error conditions for hisattention. The result is fewer man-hours to prepare N/C programs, andmarked reductions in lead time.

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Get More Details

IBM graphic data processing is a

dynamic and flexible tool available toscientists and engineers who areseeking ways to meet the demandsand challenges of today's advancedtechnologies. For more informationon this versatile system, contact yourIBM sales representative.

International Business Machines Corp.

Data Processing Division112 East Post RoadWhite Plains, New York 10601(USA only)

IBM World Trade Corporation821 United Nations PlazaNew York, New York 10017(International)

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