ICABSS-2015between the academy and industry in the Asia-Pacific region. This region will be the dominate producer of knowledge on a global scale in the coming decades and the institute

ICABSS-2015ICABSS-20151st International Conference on Advanced Business & Social Sciences

1st International Conference on Advanced Business & Social Sciences 28th & 29th

of January 2016

28th & 29th

of January 2016

Hotel NEO KutaHotel NEO KutaJelantik, Bali, Indonesia.Jelantik, Bali, Indonesia.

VENUEVENUE

ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED RESEARCH (APIAR)ASIA PACIFIC INSTITUTE OF ADVANCED RESEARCH (APIAR)Nurturing knowledge without boundaries

ORGANISED BY:

Abstracts

ICABSS - 2016

www.apiar.org.au

Nurturing knowledge without boundaries

Table of Contents

1. Business 2

1.1. ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION AND ITS AFTER EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ ATTITUDE: A STUDY ON POWER DISTRIBUTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1.2. TEXT MESSAGE ADVERTISING AVOIDANCE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN LOCATION BASED TEXT MESSAGE ADVERTISING AND UNSOLICITED TEXT MESSAGE ADVERTISING. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4

1.3. THE EFFECT OF WEBSITE QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTENTION IN TRAVEL AGENCY’S WEBSITE IN MALAYSIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5

1.4. OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, CORPORATE CONTROL, AND DIVIDEND PAY-OUT IN CANADA . . . . . 6

1.5. FAMILY-CONTROLLED CHINESE LISTED CORPORATIONS AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT. . . . . 7

1.6. LINKAGE OF INFLUENCING VARIABLE PERFORMANCE IN SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES): STUDY CASE AT CV. HANIMUN . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

1.7. STRATEGY MAP FORMULATION FOR DESIGNING STRATEGIC PLAN IN INDONESIAN TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

1.8. ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM IN PT. X . . . . . . . . . . . 10

1.9. FORMING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX BASED ON CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE IN PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT FOR TUNEECA, A START-UP FASHION ONLINE BUSINESS . . . . 11

1.10. SERVICE QUALITY IN FITNESS CENTRES - EXAMINING THE DIMENSIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

1.11. THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY AND INFLATION ONSTOCK RETURN AT PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES AT BEI IN THE PERIOD OF 2011-2014 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13

1.12. A MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF CO-BRANDING STRATEGY IN INDONESIAN FASHION INDUSTRY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

1.13. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETURN ON OPTION CONTRACT SIMULATION WITH COVERED CALL WRITING STRATEGY AND PROTECTIVE PUT BUYING STRATEGY (STUDY ON JCI YEARS 2012-2014 IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

1.14. THE IMPACT OF CRUDE OIL AND NAPHTHA PRICE FALL DOWNS ON THE PETROCHEMICAL SECTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16

1.15. EMPLOYEE TURNOVER IN MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATION: CASE OF THE EASTERN REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

1.16. A COMPARATIVE STUDY ABOUT THE INTEROPERABILITY OF MULTI-FACETED EMPLOYEES’ EMPOWERMENT. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

1.17. JAPANESE FDI IN MALAYSIA AND OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES: ARE THEY CO-INTEGRATED? . . . 19

1.18. A DOCTORATE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (DBA): A NEED OR LEISURE . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

2. Education 21

2.1. EXPLORING WHY ARABIC LANGUAGE IS USED IN GRADE 12 ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS IN OMAN FROM THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL TEACHERS AND STUDENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

2.2. INCORPORATING GROUP COURSEWORK AS AN ASSESSMENT COMPONENT INTO ONLINE AND TRADITIONALUNIVERSITY PROGRAMMES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23

2.3. ABILITY, CONFIDENCE AND GENDER: A CASE OF PAKISTAN. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24

2.4. HOW FIRST YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DEVELOP SUCCESSFUL ACADEMIC AND ESPECIALLY AEW CAPABILITIES: AN ACTIVITY THEORY ANALYSIS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

3. ICT 27

3.1. BRAHMANISM, BRAHMINS AND BRAHMIN TAMIL IN THE CONTEXT OF SPEECH TO TEXT TECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28

3.2. BRAHMANISM, BRAHMINS AND BRAHMIN TAMIL IN THE CONTEXT OF SPEECH TO TEXT TECHNOLOGY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

3.3. MEASUREMENT OF INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG FACEBOOK USERS IN INDONESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.4. MEASUREMENT OF INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG SOCIAL MEDIA PATH USERS IN INDONESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

4. Social Sciences 32

4.1. COMPETITION IN THE HEALTHCARE MARKET IN SINGAPORE AN EXPLORATIVE CASE STUDY. . 33

4.2. THE DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION IN EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS IN JAMBI PROVINCE, INDONESIA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36

4.3. FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO EFFECTIVE SERVICE-LEARNING OUTCOMES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HONG KONG . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

4.4. BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES: THE CHANGED INDIAN PERSPECTIVE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

4.5. THE BAMBOO FORTIFICATIONS OF EARLY ITNEG VILLAGES IN ABRA, NORTHERN PHILIPPINES 39

4.6. MARIANO ANGEL HENSON: A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF HIS LIFE AND WORKS ON LOCAL HISTORY, 1948-1975. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40

4.7. Bothered Bloggings and Troubled Tweets: Constructions of Stress and Concerns for Early-Career Academics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41

4.8. SOCIAL MEDIA AS a TOOL FOR COMBATING CYBERCRIMES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAUDI ARABIA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42

4.9. THE DETERMINANTS OF RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE SAUDI UNIVERSITIES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

ConferenceChair

Prof. Piet Kommers

UNESCO professor of Learning Technologies,

University of Twente and Utrecht University, The

Netherlands

The Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Research (APIAR) is a private, trust-based, institute which seeks to bridge the gap between the academy and industry in the Asia-Pacific region. This region will be the dominate producer of knowledge on a global scale in the coming decades and the institute seeks to link this knowledge production with applied applications for business and industry in turn. The institute has commenced with the ambitious aim of being the preeminent institutionthat links research with business in four disciplinary areas: Business, Education, Information Technology and the Social Sciences. The institution is based in Australia, having as its objective the gathering together the diversity in advance re-search in these four domains via an open sharing network. This network offers the opportunity for academics to share knowledge across disciplines and anticipate to innovative sectors like management, business and industry.

As conference chair it is my goal to bridge academic, societal and economic perspectives. Rather than the top-down ap-proach from research into applications and dissemination, we face the need to conceive solutions for large-scale chal-lenges of to-morrow. This conference targets the definition of platforms for public/private ventures. The language of the various stake-holders may be different, however the struc-ture of perceived roadblocks and solutions will be convert-ible. The envisioned platforms can reach out from the acad-emy to business, presenting innovative ideas that may well have ready applications for the private sector. The institute seeks to offer logistic support so as to enhance knowledge dissemination across the region and the globe. To achieve this laudable objective the institute offers training in re-search epistemology and organizational practices as well as organizing conferences.

As Chair of the 1st International Conference on Advanced Business and Social Sciences in Bali, Indonesia, I predict we have prosperous chemistry in mindset, intellect and social ambition. The new Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Re-search will show its uniqueness and vigilance in traversing academic, applied and implementation disciplines. I look for-ward to share our intuitions and social networks. Please feel welcome at the venue in the marvellous premises of the Neo Kuta Hotel, Bali, Indonesia.

Dr Piet KommersProfessor of UNESCO Educational Technologies

“As Chair of the 1st International

Conference on Advanced Business and Social Sciences in Bali, Indonesia,

I predict we have prosperous

chemistry in mindset, intellect

and social ambition.

Preface

P. 1 Asia Pacific Institute of Advanced Research

Abstracts

Business


ORGANIZATIONAL TRANSFORMATION AND ITS AFTER EFFECTS ON EMPLOYEES’ ATTITUDE: A STUDY ON POWER DISTRIBUTION

Dr. Sujit Kumar a and Manali Takkar b

aB. R. Ambedkar College, New Delhi, IndiabMewar University, Rajasthan, IndiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

This paper seeks to analyse the impact of a high magnitude change on employees’ attitude that has occurred in the power distribution sector in Delhi, India. It also advocates the role of Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) model in transforming an ailing public-utility into a successful public-private enterprise.

The research is based on the primary study conducted on a power distribution company viz., Tata Power Delhi Distribution Limited (TPDDL), by means of structured questionnaire that is administered to 210 employees located at various offices of TPDDL in Delhi. Simple random sampling technique is employed and the data is analysed through application of mean and independent sample t-test.

The study confirms that employees hold positive attitude towards organisational transformation of a public entity Delhi Vidyut Board (DVB) into TPDDL on the basis of Public-Private-Partnership (PPP). It further provides the strong basis for transforming other public utilities seeking transformation in the near future by earning employees’ commitment at every step, as well as, achieving excellence by delivering quality services. This study is based on employees’ perception and hence, all limitations typical to attitudinal survey would be applicable to this study as well.

The paper highlights the cooperative attitude of employees during transformation, as well as reports the positive attitude of employees after transformation. It emerges as a role model for other public-utilities whose conditions are deteriorating day-by-day due to inefficiency in the system which in turn creates unnecessary financial burden on the exchequer. Thus, the paper advocates the use of PPP in transforming ailing public utilities.

Keywords: organizational change, organizational transformation, perception, power distribution, public-private-partnership.

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TEXT MESSAGE ADVERTISING AVOIDANCE: A COMPARISON BETWEEN LOCATION BASED TEXT MESSAGE ADVERTISING AND UNSOLICITED TEXT MESSAGE ADVERTISING

Margaretha HabeahanUniversitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesiaemail: [email protected]

Abstract

Personalized advertising that is sent via Short Message Service (SMS) to the consumers’ mobile phone is now becoming an interesting option to the marketers because it allows marketers to communicate directly with their consumers. However, previous studies have found that since the message is sent to consumers’ personal media (i.e., mobile phone), consumers’ privacy concerns, ad irritation, ad skepticism, and perceived personalization will affect ad avoidance. The privacy concerns, ad irritation, and ad skepticism affect advertising avoidance positively while consumers’ perceived personalization affect ad avoidance negatively. This study attempts to compare the ad avoidance between location-based advertising (LBA) sent via SMS and unsolicited text messaging advertising sent via SMS using Attribution Theory. Attribution theory is about causal perceptions. Attribution Theory talks about co-variation of cause and effect, which means consumer will observe any events happen because of its underlying causes. This study expects that ad avoidance for LBA sent via SMS is lower than ad avoidance for unsolicited text messaging advertising. When a consumer is or passes a particular location and receive a LBA sent via SMS, they will observe that the reason they receive the LBA sent via SMS is because they are in or pass the location. This causal perception is expected to decrease consumers’ privacy concerns, ad irritation, and ad skepticism and therefore, decrease the ad avoidance toward LBA sent via SMS. The study will be done using a survey and tested with multi-group SEM analysis. The respondents are those who reside around JABODETABEK, Indonesia.

Keywords: Advertising avoidance, Attribution theory, Personalized Advertising

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THE EFFECT OF WEBSITE QUALITY ON REPURCHASE INTENTION IN TRAVEL AGENCY’S WEBSITE IN MALAYSIA.

Nurhanan Syafiah Abdul Razak a, Abd Halim Ahmad b, MalligaMarimuthu c

aManagement and Science University, Selangor, MalaysiabUniversiti Industri Selangor, MalaysiacUniversiti Sains Malaysia, MalaysiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

In the current competitive digital economy, repurchase intention has emerged as much coveted element among online retailers. The website quality is believed to have an impact on repurchase intention. This study aims to examine the relationship between service quality, information quality, service quality and security quality and repurchase intention. This study covers a quantitative research. The target respondents of this study are Malaysian consumers who experienced purchasing through travel agency’s website. In this research, the lowest respondents from the Individual Internet consumers are not predicted to be less than 400. The date collection is carried out through email questionnaire. Considering the nature of the study, the complexity of the research model and the relatively small size analysis of Moment Structure (AMOS) are selected as the statistical tools to analyse the quantitative data. Theoretically, this study supported the contentions forwarded by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the Social Capital Theory (SCT), as well as, S-D Logic Theory while expanding the central theme underlying most intention-based theories. As a note to research scholars, future research endeavours can perhaps extend this model include non-commercial websites, covering a wider geographical region and various consumer cohorts while exploring web syndication, a spin-off from the repurchase-loyalty concept.

Keywords: Repurchase intention, quantitative research, Technology acceptance Model, Social capital Theory

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OWNERSHIP STRUCTURE, CORPORATE CONTROL, AND DIVIDEND PAY-OUT IN CANADA

Yoser Gadhoum, Ph.DPrince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabiaemail: [email protected]

Abstract

This paper examines the relationship between the structure of the ownership of equity in a company and the company’s dividend policy. For this purpose, a company’s dividend policy is characterised by the level and frequency of changes in regular dividend payments. A survey of the literature reveals that several hypotheses have been put forward regarding changes in dividend policy. Dividend policy is used to signal important information to potential investors. Also, dividend policy can be used to increase or decrease the need for a company to resort to external capital markets or dividend policy can serve the interests of major shareholders. The implications of these hypotheses are developed and then compared to the actual behaviour of a sample of 600 Canadian listed firms in order to examine which hypotheses are most useful in accounting for their behaviour. Using ordinary and legit regressions and conditional probability models to test the hypotheses, the results indicate that:

(1) Voting rights and equity ownership are highly concentrated in Canada. This result confirms those of Gadhoum (1999), Claessens et al (2000), and La Porta et al (2000);

(2) Large shareholders (in 81% of cases, a company) have a strong influence on dividend decisions. This result confirms that of Faccio et al (2000) in Western Europe and East Asia; and

(3) A firm with concentrated ownership pays more dividends because, in most cases, such payments are inter-company and non-taxable for the receiver. The latter effect, termed ‘tax effect’ in this paper, dominates the two known effects of dividends, namely signalling and agency costs. No prior reference to this tax effect has been found in the literature by the author of this paper.

Keywords: Ownership Structure, Dividend Policy, Shareholder Protection

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FAMILY-CONTROLLED CHINESE LISTED CORPORATIONS AND EARNINGS MANAGEMENT

Yongqing LiKean University, New Jersey, USAemail: [email protected]

Abstract

This study analyzes ownership and control of A-share family corporations listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange. The study provides two competing theories of the effect of family control on earnings management: the entrenchment effect and the alignment effect. Under the first, the earnings credibility of the company is weakened because non-controlling interests are expropriated by controlling family owners. Under the second, a highly concentrated ownership gives a controlling family owner strong voting and cash flow rights. If the controlling owner extracts high levels of private benefits, the share price will be discounted. The empirical results are consistent with two explanations.

Keywords: Family control, Earnings management, Control rights, Cash flow rights

Acknowledgements: I would like to acknowledge the helpful comments from Professor David Lont, Professor Ralph Adler, Professor John Prince (law), Professor Luciana Lew and seminar participants at the University of Otago and Kean University.

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LINKAGE OF INFLUENCING VARIABLE PERFORMANCE IN SMALL MEDIUM ENTERPRISES (SMES): STUDY CASE AT CV. HANIMUN

Prof. Dermawan Wibisono a, Marthin Lukas S. Pakpahan b, ShintaAsih M. Hutasoit c and YudithPradipta d

abcd MBA ITB, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

Small medium enterprises (SMEs) has been a significant contribution toward the growth of annual Indonesian’ economic. As a sample we use Bandung as one of the premier tourist destination in Indonesia where its economy is highly influenced by the SMEs in culinary and fashion. This paper aims to attest previous research (Anggadwita & Mustafid, 2013)[1] on SMEs in Bandung regarding of identification of influencing factors toward the performance of SMEs. The method that we used is collecting data from CV. Hanimun as a case study then we will apply the tools of IPMS and regression analysis to the attained data. The result of this research is the linkage of influencing variable performance in SME object. It shows that competence of human resource is highly influencing sustainability (0.987) and innovativeness (0.793). It is expected that this research could contribute as literature material while also helping the SME’s owner to increase its performance in competitive environment.

Keywords: Integrated Performance Management System (IPMS), Regression Analysis, Small Medium Enterprises (SMEs)

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STRATEGY MAP FORMULATION FOR DESIGNING STRATEGIC PLAN IN INDONESIAN TRANSPORTATION ORGANIZATION

Fina Hafnika a, Okki Hamdani b,Roytama Januar Simbolon c, Dermawan Wibisono d

abcd Institute Technology of Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

This research describes a tool for identifying objectives as a part of the design of strategy maps, based on the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). Strategy map is a simple tool in strategic planning to translate strategy from organization’s vision and mission. This paper constructs the simple strategy map from Balanced Scorecard, due to the difference performance measurement from individual level to corporate level that applied in transportation organization in Indonesia. The result of this paper defines variables and indicators from strategic objectives in strategy map.

Keywords: Balanced Scorecard, Strategic objectives, Strategy map

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ANALYSIS OF INTEGRATED PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEM IN PT. X

Yuki Gradiannisa a, Ni Made Yunita S. b,Martua F. Purba c, Dermawan Wibisono d

abcd Institute Technology of Bandung, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

PT. X is one of the companies in telecommunication sector in Jakarta. As a subcontractor parties, PT. X has a responsibility managed service (service management). Managed service is intended to maintain the availability of 3G network and prepared a backup device in an emergency situation (eg back-up generator), including preventing or overcoming interference. PT. X always tries to meet the needs of stakeholders of the company by doing continuous improvement. In this research, the needs of corporate stakeholders (Stakeholder Requirement) were studied to determine the key performance indicators (KPI) as a priority to be improved by the company. This study aims to determine the needs of corporate stakeholders (Stakeholder Requirement) and to improve and enhance the performance company. The methods used are the methods of Integrated Performance Measurement Systems (IPMS), Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), and Implementation of Regression for Variable Linkage. Integration of IPMS method, AHP and regression used to determine KPI that become priority for company. Based on the result, the researchers obtained 3 KPIs that become main issues in the company which are net profit margin, service repair cycle time and complaint rate. The weight percentage of net profit margin, service repair cycle time and complaint rate are 28.98%, 16.26% and 14.43%. These 3 KPIs become indicators that need to be fixed. With Regression analysis, the reseachers came to the conclusion that maintenance time and complaint rate have highest correlation which is 0.98. The second highest is correlation between level of vunerable and service repair cycle time which is 0.98

Keywords: Key Performance Indicators (KPI), Integrated Performance Measurement Systems (IPMS). Analytical Hierarchy Performance (AHP), Regression analysis.

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FORMING CUSTOMER SATISFACTION INDEX BASED ON CUSTOMER PERSPECTIVE IN PERFORMANCE MANAGEMENT FOR TUNEECA, A START-UP FASHION ONLINE BUSINESS

Adlina Abtaliana a, Innayah Nurlia Roza b, and Selvia Herlina c

abc Bandung Institute of Technology (ITB), Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

This research paper aims to form the customer satisfaction index based on customer perspective in performance management as organizational result for Tuneeca. The framework used as basic literature is integrated performance management system (IPMS). This research focuses only on forming customer satisfaction index as organisation result from IPMS framework. The satisfaction will be reviewed based on servqual (service of quality) attributes such as tangible, reliability, responsiveness, assurance and empathy. Search on the vision, mission and objectives will help determine the strategy and generate customer satisfaction index suitable for Tuneeca. Primary data from interviews shows that Tuneeca mainly focuses in reaching their vision to become fashion Muslim trendsetter in Indonesia, concerning in customer satisfaction as their non-financial aspect. In fact, since Tuneeca established (2008), the company did not know how satisfied customers toward the products. Tuneeca needed to measure customer satisfaction index to determine wheter the Tuneeca product is satissfied or not for customer. Thisresearch used 82 Tuneeca customers as respondents. Based on results, most of respondents are satisfied with product quality and performance. Then, Tuneeca according to customers, already has a unique product and a trendsetter in the fashion Muslim industry. Finally, Tuneeca needs to perform weighting on each of the indicators that will shape customer satisfaction. Weighting of indicators can be carried out by top management level Tuneeca. This paper presents an original and novel approach to designing and benchmarking of IPMS for a manufacturing environment.

Keywords: Customer Satisfaction, Customer Perspective, Fashion Online Business, Performance Management, Tuneeca

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SERVICE QUALITY IN FITNESS CENTRES - EXAMINING THE DIMENSIONS

Stefan Lagrosen a and Yvonne Lagrosen b

a Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Swedenb University West, Trollhattan, SwedenCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

The fitness industry is expanding in most parts of the world. Nevertheless, the amount of research regarding this industry has thus far been relatively limited. In previous research, quality dimensions for fitness companies have been explored and a tentative framework has been proposed. The purpose for the present study is to examine the framework and quantify its components. A survey has been conducted. A questionnaire based on previous research was developed and delivered by telephone to 86 fitness centres of which 67 agreed to participate, giving a response rate of 78%. The items of the quality dimensions in the studied framework were analysed with Cronbach’s Alpha and were found to be statistically reliable. The underlying structure of the enablers in the framework was examined with explorative factor analysis resulting in five underlying enablers. Moreover, the impact of the enablers on the profitability of the centres was measured. The results should be interesting for managers in this sector, as well as, for the advancement of service quality theory.

Keywords: Quality management, quality dimensions, fitness, service quality.

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THE EFFECT OF PROFITABILITY AND INFLATION ONSTOCK RETURN AT PHARMACEUTICAL INDUSTRIES AT BEI IN THE PERIOD OF 2011-2014

Anistia Nurhakim S a, Irni Yunita b, Aldilla Iradianty c

abc Telkom University, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

This study examines the influence of profitability ratios (ROA, ROE, NPM, GPM) and inflation as macro variable on stock return. Analysis methods used are descriptive and verificative with panel data regression. Objects used in this study were pharmaceutical industry at BEI in the period of 2011-2014. The sampling technique used purposive sampling with 9 industries as samples. The results showed that partially ROA and NPM have a significant effect on stock return, while ROE, GPM and inflation have no significant effect on stock return. Simultaneously, ROA, ROE, NPM, GPM and inflation have a significant effect on stock return.

Keywords: Pharmaceutical industry, Profitability, Inflation, Stock return

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A MANAGERIAL PERSPECTIVE OF CO-BRANDING STRATEGY IN INDONESIAN FASHION INDUSTRY

Wisnu Aryo SetioSchool of Business and Management ITB, Bandung, Indonesiaemail: [email protected]

Abstract

One of Indonesia’s fashion industry potential is emerging collaboration between designer and fashion industry players. However, the problem faced by fashion industry players is lack of similar perception and lack of standardized concept of cooperation. Therefore, this paper studies the managerial perspective of co-branding strategy from Indonesian fashion brands that have implemented it before. This research used qualitative data research method by using semi-structured interview, observation and secondary data. The research was conducted to study the motivations behind co-branding, process of co-branding in the creative value chain and challenges that were faced throughout the process with ways to overcome them.

Keywords: Co-Branding; Collaboration; Fashion Industry; Indonesian Fashion Brands.

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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF RETURN ON OPTION CONTRACT SIMULATION WITH COVERED CALL WRITING STRATEGY AND PROTECTIVE PUT BUYING STRATEGY (STUDY ON JCI YEARS 2012-2014 IN INDONESIA STOCK EXCHANGE)

Syahrul Rasyid a, Dadan Rahadian b, Anisah Firli c

abc Telkom University, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

Investment is one of the options in determining the proportion of funds. Investors always strive to minimize the impact of risks accepted, therefore, one way to reduce the impact of a reduction in the value is to use derivative products in particular option contracts. The contract option has some trading strategies where its research strategy use a writing covered call and protective put buying strategy. This study uses a JCI (Joint Stock Price Index) in 2012, 2013 and 2014 as a research object and using the Black-Scholes method to determine the option price on condition OTM, ATM and ITM with a period of 3 months. The results showed that there are returns of both strategies on the condition of OTM, ATM and ITM in 2012, 2013 and 2014. Returns on the most maximum is 93.86% with OTM using Covered Call Writing Strategy in 2012 and 63.80% in 2013 on the condition OTM using Protective Put Buying Strategy and 88.62% in 2014 on the condition using the OTM covered call writing strategy. But overall, a better strategy would be determined on how investors choose what they wanted to get.

Keywords: Black-Scholes Method, Covered Call Writing Strategy, JCI, Protective Put Buying Strategy, Option Contract

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THE IMPACT OF CRUDE OIL AND NAPHTHA PRICE FALL DOWNS ON THE PETROCHEMICAL SECTOR IN SAUDI ARABIA

Bader R. AL Onaizi a and Dr. Yousr Gadhoum b

a Saudi kayan an Affiliate of SABIC, Saudi Arabiab Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi ArabiaCorresponding e-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

The focal emphasis of this study is to explore alternative strategies for the petroleum companies during the sustained decline of the prices of crude oil. On the other hand, the study aims at investigating, qualitatively and quantitatively, the impacts on the profitability and competitiveness of Saudi petrochemical industry as a long term alternative for the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia to sell crude oil. In view of the oil prices decline, the KSA authorities need to diversify their economy by using especially petrochemical industries. This choice to recur to more downstream derivatives sales rather than selling crude oil has been proven to be the right decision. The petrochemical products are the right substitute to crude oil. With cheap feedstock advantage, petrochemicals giants like SABIC and Aramco are planning to build more chemical plants which shall contribute to KSA economy growth and benefits the society as a whole. The upcoming number of new upstream projects launched by the private sector will lead to a reduction of the prices for resins, therefore, making downstream operations more attractive to internal and foreign investors. Expanding capacity of higher value added products will also mean that the country will have to shift from lighter feedstock (Ethane) and capital-intensive process to heavier liquid feedstock (Naphtha) and labor-intensive process. Security of feedstock supply creates value, drive growth and innovation and creates huge potential for business investment opportunities and growth in Saudi Arabia. On the other hand, joint venture partnerships between local companies and U.S., European and Asian counterparts would play an increasing role in the growth of the upstream and downstream plastics industry.

Keywords: Oil price decline, Naphtha price, petrochemicals, revenue diversification, economy growth, KSA

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EMPLOYEE TURNOVER IN MANUFACTURING ORGANIZATION: CASE OF THE EASTERN REGION OF SAUDI ARABIA

Mohammed Rashid Al-Qahtani a and Dr. Yousr Gadhoum b

a Saudi Arabia Basic Industries Corporation, Saudi Arabiab Prince Mohammed Bin Fahd University, Saudi ArabiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

Employee turnover plays a significant role in organizational performance. It is possible for turnover to be a positive phenomenon; however, this research does not address the difference between the positive and negative effects of turnover. Rather, it aims at studying the causes and consequences of turnover in a manufacturing industry organization in the eastern region of Saudi Arabia. The research focuses on this area of Saudi Arabia because it is the location of a high number of companies of various sizes. The research aspires to shed light on areas of improvements where the organizations can minimize the negative impact of turnover. It reveals various opportunities of improvements in several areas (e.g., career growth, compensation, training, work ethic, etc.) which organizations need to focus on.

Key words: Career growth, Compensation, Employee Turnover

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A COMPARATIVE STUDY ABOUT THE INTEROPERABILITY OF MULTI-FACETED EMPLOYEES’ EMPOWERMENT

Umar Alshangiti a and Dr. Yousr Gadhoum b

a Maaden Phosphate Company, Saudi Arabiab Prince Mohammed Bin Fahd University, Saudi ArabiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

The main aim of this study is to determine how employee empowerment has been affected in both Sahara Petrochemicals & Maaden Phosphate Company. This has been measured using an employee empowerment assessment model. The research aims to establish the existence of five components of employee empowerment that often encompass the empowerment process in most organizations. These components include: Organizational culture, Delegation and Sharing of Power, Knowledge Sharing (KS), Organizational Learning and Employee Benefits (Talent Acquisition, Retention, Training, and Compensation). In order to measure their efficacy, employee empowerment and engagement were then expressed as a total score based on the weighted empowerment scores of each individual component. This project presents survey results, comments, benchmarking to other surveys, conclusions and recommendations based on these findings. Most of modern human resources strategies are focused on garnering employee empowerment and satisfaction in order to provide a specific advantage to a certain organization. As suggested by Stephen Covey, in order to achieve such organizational goals, organizations must enhance their employees’ talents and knowledge by providing opportunities to them. This is the conceptual goal of this study.

Keywords: Employee Empowerment; Organizational Culture; Knowledge Sharing; Organizational Learning; Employee productivity

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JAPANESE FDI IN MALAYSIA AND OTHER ASIAN COUNTRIES: ARE THEY CO-INTEGRATED?

Tajul Ariffin Masron a and Shujiro Urata b

a Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysiab Waseda University, Tokyo, JapanCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

ASEAN has been developed partially due to the large inflows of FDI from various countries, in which one of them is Japan. While the contribution of Japanese FDI is no longer a secret, the inconsistent inflows of Japanese FDI into Malaysia has questioned the ability of Malaysia to retain its attractiveness as the primary location for FDI. Are they complementing or competing to each other? With limited information available, this study approaches the issue by focusing on the experiences of Malaysia with regards to other Asian countries. ARDL model is employed and this study observes that Japanese FDI in Malaysia is integrated with Japanese FDI inflows to other Asian countries. However, the direction or sign of effect varies across countries.

Keywords: Japanese FDI; Asian Countries; Malaysia; ARDL.

Acknowledgement: The first author would like to thank you Sumitomo Foundation for granting Sumitomo Research Grant No. 148459.

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A DOCTORATE OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION (DBA): A NEED OR LEISURE

Prof. Dr. Yoser Gadhoum a and Salem M. Al-Anazi b

a Prince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, Saudi Arabiab Saudi Aramco Company, Saudi ArabiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

This research intends to provide insights with regards to the factors that influence Saudi’s professionals to take a DBA Program. In this process, it examines elements such as perception of the value of DBA in Saudi Arabia, including perceived value in career development, social standing, as well as other factors and considerations. Since the 125 respondents are all working professionals, our research also aimed to find out whether DBA knowledge would contribute to notable development and growth in organizations? The history of DBA and Ph.D. Programs in KSA and from developed countries were studied and briefly summarized.The value-added proposition of DBA to the industry and society was overviewed and enlightened in the manuscript. Moreover, research methods we used were outlined in the methodology section. The results suggest that passion for the state-of-the-art knowledge and the career development were the main drivers behind the decision to go for a DBA program according to the Saudi professionals’ surveys. Other results were also deterministic for some other factors, such as perceived social standing. The study concludes with providing recommendations for organizations, universities and the government in Saudi Arabia to consider the DBA as a highly needed degree for the Saudi Society.

Keywords: Business administration, Career development, Social standing, Saudi Arabia.

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Abstracts

Education


EXPLORING WHY ARABIC LANGUAGE IS USED IN GRADE 12 ENGLISH LANGUAGE CLASSROOMS IN OMAN FROM THE PERCEPTIONS OF EFL TEACHERS AND STUDENTS

Khalifa M. Al KhamisiUniversity of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Australiaemail: [email protected]

Abstract

The debate over whether or not students’ first language should be used in English classroomshas been a controversial issue for a long time. In other words, there is an ongoing debate why the first language (L1) is used in English classroom. This pedagogical debate is not only ongoing, but also questionable. A review of the concerned research literature indicates that(L1) is an important teaching tool used in many English foreign language (EFL) classrooms (De La Campa and Nassaji 2009). This study examines the perceptions of advanced Englishlanguage learners (Grade 12) and EFL teachers toward using (L1) in the English language classrooms in Oman, where students and teachers speak the same language (Arabic). However, this qualitative study aims to find out the reasons behind using Arabic in English classrooms and for what purposes and how this use correlates to teachers’ perspectives about Englishlanguage teaching and (L1) inclusion. Data will be collected using focus group, semi-structured interviews and observations. Twelve EFL teachers from six Omani government schools (3 males, 3 females) will constitute the sample of the study. This study will contribute to the bodyof the knowledge by addressing the determinants that illuminate the use of Arabic in English classrooms. It will further help policy makers, administrators and educators in the educational field by incorporating these factors for intervention programs and EFL curriculum enhancement in the Sultanate of Oman.

Keywords: Arabic language, First language (L1), English language (EFL), Grade 12, Oman.

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INCORPORATING GROUP COURSEWORK AS AN ASSESSMENT COMPONENT INTO ONLINE AND TRADITIONALUNIVERSITY PROGRAMMES

Edward BaceMiddlesex University Business School, London, United Kingdomemail: [email protected]

Abstract

Despite the many advantages of online learning programmes in university curricula, such programmes can present challenges, particularly in terms of assessment of group coursework and participation in discussion fora. The author’s experiences suggest ways to mitigate the “free rider” problem often accompanying group coursework, in which a few motivated students perform the bulk of the work. This can be achieved by requiring a shorter, individual submission separately from each student, in order to better judge the relative contribution to the whole. Participation in online discussions can also be incentivized by making this element a meaningful part of the overall summative assessment. Lastly, both attendance and learning, whether online or face to face, can be motivated by including in each session a brief quiz, to be done individually or in groups, which again counts towards the overall assessment and encourages students to participate and further reinforces learning.

Keywords: education, technology, online, distance education.

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ABILITY, CONFIDENCE AND GENDER: A CASE OF PAKISTAN

MunizaAskariIndependent Researcher, Pakistanemail: [email protected]

Abstract

Self-confidence is one of the essential traits of human nature. It is defined as the combination of self-beliefs with optimism. Any departure of the conceived perceptions from actuality leads one either to be over or under confident. The latter is typically associated with emotionally sensitive individuals. However, research literature suggests that individuals normally exhibit the existence (and sometimes the co-existence) of the two traits conditional on various factors and situations (for further discussion refer to Healy & Moore, 2008; Grieco & Hogarth, 2009; Van den Steen, 2011; Ryvkin et al. 2012). In view of the above argument, one finds that overconfidence, as opposed to under-confidence has received much attention not only in the domains of Psychology, but also in fields like Economics, Finance, Education, Business studies and so forth. Moore and Healy (2008) in their article provide a comprehensive explanation on the term overconfidence and its three distinctive forms, namely the over-estimation, over-placement and over-precision. The present paper considers the first form of overconfidence in a natural setting. Overconfidence in terms of over-estimation is defined in words of Moore and Healy (2008) as “the over-estimation of one’s actual ability, performance, level of control, or chance of success” (page # 115). Keeping the definition in mind, we will consider how individuals’ over- or under-estimate their own absolute ability in performing a specified task, which in our case is the course-exams during a semester.

Sixty-six University students from Pakistan were examined, over a course of a semester, in the field of Economics. The subjective confidence of the students was measured (in percentages) minutes before three exams, specifically, two term exams and a final exam conducted during and at the end of the semester, respectively. The interesting feature of the sample was that students competed on national level to attain a seat in the University. Thus, our sample had representation from all over Pakistan and with individuals receiving varying degree of former education. More specifically, three levels of educational standards are prevalent at the primary and

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nsecondary levels in Pakistan. They are the upper private schools with high standard of international curriculum, the middle government schools with locally composed curriculum and lastly, the community operated schools (e.g., religious schools) which provide minimum levels of formal education. Hence, the study of overconfidence in a natural setting was even more important to see the behavioral patterns of the students belonging to diverse backgrounds. The study could be regarded as the first of its kind in Pakistan, to the best of our knowledge.

The students were separated into two groups, depending on the percentage marks they obtained in the first term-exam. The groups served as the ability-variable as it distinguished high ability students from low ability ones. On average, we found that low-ability participants were over-confident in their estimates of success. Moreover, their subjective probability estimates were higher than the high-ability participants at the first term-exam. On reception of feedback in terms of exam results, these individuals appeared to lack the ability to properly align their confidence percentages with the actual performance. An in-depth analysis of the data leads to the fact that low-ability male participants were more confident as opposed to their female cohorts. The highlight of the paper is that female students, whether low or high ability, are persistently under-confident as opposed to the male students. Even the high-ability females who out-performed the male students in the first term exam remained under-confident in their future probability estimates. The question arises if we could attribute this result to the upbringing of the females in an under-developed country or is it their innate nature to be under-confident?

The results are explained by using the Bayesian model of confidence introduced by Louis et al. (2015). The model helps to explain the famous Dunning-Kruger effect (Kruger & Dunning, 1999). Moreover, it clarifies how doubt plays a role in the over- or under-estimation of the probability estimates of the individual students of varying abilities.

Keywords: Judgmental biases, Bayesian learning, Dunning-Kruger effect, Education.


HOW FIRST YEAR UNIVERSITY STUDENTS DEVELOP SUCCESSFUL ACADEMIC AND ESPECIALLY AEW CAPABILITIES: AN ACTIVITY THEORY ANALYSIS

Alan Fenn-LavingtonGriffith University & Southern Cross University, AustraliaEmail: [email protected]

Abstract

Considerable attention is being afforded to the First Year Experience (FYE) of University students to enhance student retention and success. The literature highlights the importance of social capital (Bourdieu, 1993; Engestrom, 1987; Tinto, 2012; Wacquant, 2014), acquiring academic skills and in particular, argumentative essay writing (AEW), in the FYE and if it is seen to be influential for student success (Tinto, 2012; Kuh, 2013).

The aim of this study is to identify implications for informing the improvement of AEW and academic skills within the context of the FYE. Moreover, the study will use a mixed methods approach by way of survey and semi-formal interviews.

I will analyse the data and make deductions regarding the findings. I will code the data – this will be done as it is collected and will include, among other things, the date of the survey and interviews, who completed them and the number of returns.

In conclusion, locating the study within the theoretical and conceptual framework of cultural activity theory (Engestrom, 1987; Bourdieu, 1993) provides a means to describe the dynamic interactions of the various personnel including lecturers and students in teaching and learning. Balancing the descriptive and interpretive elements of this study with structure and organisation will enhance the explication of the findings. In doing so, this study represents a credible contribution to the field and offers a viable approach for future investigations.

Keywords: University, First year experience, social capital, Activity theory.

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Abstracts

ICT


BRAHMANISM, BRAHMINS AND BRAHMIN TAMIL IN THE CONTEXT OF SPEECH TO TEXT TECHNOLOGY

R S Vignesh Raj a, Ashik Ali b and Dr. BabakKhazaei c

a Research degree student, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield,UKb Software Developer, Fireflyapps Limited, Sheffield, UKc Senior Lecturer, Sheffield Hallam University,Sheffield, UKCorresponding email : [email protected]

Abstract

Brahmanism in today’s world is largely viewed as a ‘caste’ within Hinduism than its predecessor religion. This research paper explores the impact and influence which religious affiliations could have on using certain advanced technologies, such as the voice to text. This research paper attempts to re- introduce Brahmanism as a distinct religion and justifies, through an empirical study and other literature, as to why it is important, specifically in language related technology.

Keywords: Tamil, speech to text, technology, Brahmanism and Brahmins.

ICT


BRAHMANISM, BRAHMINS AND BRAHMIN TAMIL IN THE CONTEXT OF SPEECH TO TEXT TECHNOLOGY

R S Vignesh Raj a, Ashik Ali b and Dr. BabakKhazaei c

a Research degree student, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield,UKb Software Developer, Fireflyapps Limited, Sheffield, UKc Senior Lecturer, Sheffield Hallam University,Sheffield, UKCorresponding email : [email protected]

Abstract

Technology has made considerable advancements in certain parts of the world. There is a disconnection between social system and technology which could influence the user acceptance of technologies, partly because the technology was designed with little importance to the culture, way of life and attitude of the people in that region. This paper aims to introduce socio-technological approach to user acceptance of certain technologies with primary focus on speech to text technology in Tamil language.

Keywords: Tamil, speech to text, technology, Tamil Nadu, Socio technological approach.

ICT


MEASUREMENT OF INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG FACEBOOK USERS IN INDONESIA

Puspita Kencana Sari a and Filia Stefany Sihotang b

Telkom University, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding Email : [email protected]

Abstract

Based on statistics, it is known that Facebook is the primary social media used by the people in the world. Indonesia has the third largest Facebook users after the US and India. It turns out that the high number of its users in Indonesia is aligned with many cases occurring on Facebook. The reason is that Facebook doesn’t provide enough safety information which gains a lack of awareness of its users in entering personal information such as email, phone number, address etc. This study aims to find out more about information security on Facebook, by analyzing information security awareness among its user based on their demographics (gender, age, educational background and income). The result of each category is then described. It can be concluded that there is a relationship between awareness and each demographic category and therefore, there are differences between awareness and demographic category.

Keywords: Security Awareness, Demography, Facebook, Sosial Networking.

ICT


MEASUREMENT OF INFORMATION SECURITY AWARENESS AMONG SOCIAL MEDIA PATH USERS IN INDONESIA

Indri Agustini a and Puspita Kencana Sari b

Telkom University, Bandung, IndonesiaCorresponding email :[email protected]

Abstract

This research was conducted to examine security awareness of the users of Path as one of social media which based on demographic aspects. The purpose of this research is to comprehend the level of security awareness by involving the demographic aspects such as gender, age, income, and education background. The variables used are security awareness and demographic . Moreover, the method used in this research is a quantitative descriptive research which was used asthe basic foundation for conducting research. The population consists of the social media users of Path with the total sample of 400 respondents, while non-probability sampling is the way to use the sampling technique for these respondents. The data analysis technique, in this research is using Crosstab technique and Chi square. The data processing is using Microsoft excel software and SPSS statistics tool version 2.0. The results of this research shows that according to factor of gender, the men are more aware about information security. Regarding the age factor, respondents within 26-29 year-old are more aware. Furthermore, the respondents which have the income >RP.6.000.000 and the postgraduate education background show the same result which are more aware about the security awareness. However, there are the obvious differences accordance to gender, age, income, and education background through some items of security awareness such as privacy setting, the limitation of information access, privacy education, senaitive issue report, information sharing and responding to the threat.

Keywords: security awareness, gender, age , income, academic background,Path.

ICT


Abstracts

Social Sciences


COMPETITION IN THE HEALTHCARE MARKET IN SINGAPORE AN EXPLORATIVE CASE STUDY

Dr Andrea Gideon, National University of SingaporeEmail: [email protected]

Abstract

The suggested paper conducts a preliminary assessment of the Singaporean hospital care sector from a competition law perspective.

Market elements have increasingly been introduced into the public service regimes of many countries over recent decades. Such moves were meant to foster competition and choice, which in turn was thought to increase quality while decreasing prices. Such progressive liberalisation led to public services, such as the utilities, as well as employment and health services - which are not the main focus of competition law regimes - to be increasingly

1 Studies regarding the effectiveness of introducing choice and competition in healthcare (being the main topic of this research) to achieve better quality and lower prices have had mixed results. While some tend to prefer providers with a higher quality has been measured after the introduction of choice in England for certain heart surgeries, it has also been stressed that other factors such as distance play a role and that higher quality and lower prices can equally be achieved with regulatory price and quality control (Charlesworth A and Kelly E, Competition in UK health care. (Institute for Fiscal Studies and Nuffield Trust, 2013)( The King’s Fund equally concluded that ‘competition can bring benefits but these benefits can be outweighed by costs and difficulties of competitive process’ Similarly, the European Commission’s Expert panel concluded that ‘the conditions for competition to be a useful instrument vary across countries, health care subsectors and time. There is no golden rule or unique set of conditions that can be met to ensure that competition will always improve the attainment of health systems goals’ (EXPH, Competition among health care providers in the European Union (Preliminary Opinion, European Commission, 2015)). Others argue that competition can be most effective only if linked to broader reforms of the market structure rather than just introducing

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selected market based elements or that ‘choice on its own has been shown not to be conducive to cost-containment’ and that in fact the true drivers behind introducing choice and competition policies are far more diverse than the usually stated one of increasing quality and decreasing prices. (Costa-Font J and Zigante V, ‘Are Health Care ‘Choice - and - Competition’ Reforms reallyEfficiency Driven?’ (2012) 26 LSE Working Paper Series).

As a result, competition law became applicable to these services in some competition law regimes; partly requiring further liberalisation. However, there are certain tensions between providing such services in a competitive market and, at the same time, allowing them to retain their public interest character including such elements as universal provision, trust based relationships4 or equality of access. The ASEAN countries, in which competition law is still a relatively new area of law, might face such tensions with increasing application of competition law to these areas. Yet, the application of competition law to public services in ASEAN countries has thus far received virtually no attention.

The suggested paper aims to make a first step in filling this gap in the research by exploring the healthcare sector in Singapore from a competition law perspective. It will leave to one side questions on medical research, pharma firms’ interaction with the market and primary care and instead focus on hospital care. The paper will, first, provide an overview of the healthcare sector in Singapore. This will be followed by an initial assessment of the sector from a competition law perspective including the question in how far providers qualify as‘ undertakings’ and in how far s 34, 47 and 54 of the Competition Act might be applicable.

Keywords: Singapore, Healthcare, Competition.

2 In the EU competition law is, for example, applicable only to undertakings which are defined as entities conducting economic activities (Case C-41/90 Höfner). A similar definition has been adopted by the Competition Commission Singapore (CCS Major Provision Guidelines para 1.1). The Court of Justice of the European Union, in its case law has excepted activities relating to sovereign power and activities based on social solidarity from the definition of undertaking (e.g. cases C-364/92 Eurocontrol and C-159, 160/91 Poucet et Pistre). If public service is considered as economic activities, they do fall under competition law. Yet, infringements might still be exempted if the entity is providing a service of general economic interest (see, for example, Article 106 Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union or Third Schedule to the Singaporean Competition Act). Individual


References

• For more on the inclusion of public services into EU competition and internal market law see, T Prosser, ‘EU competition law and public services’ in E Mossialos et al (eds), Health Systems Governance in Europe.

• (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 2010), Neergaard U, ‘Services of general economic interest under EU law constraints’ in Schiek D, Liebert U and Schneider H (eds), European Economic and SocialConstitutionalism after the Treaty of Lisbon (CUP, Cambridge 2011) p. 174 seq.

• C Newdick, ‘Charities in the Health Care Market: Can Trust survive NHS competition?’ (2007) 18 The King’s College Law Journal 415.

• (The King’s Fund, ‘The King’s Fund’s verdict: Is the NHS being privatised?’ (2015) <http://www.kingsfund.org.uk/projects/verdict/nhs-being-privatised> accessed 26 October,2015 2015).

• (Dash P and Meredith D), ‘When and how provider competition can improve health care delivery’ McKinsey & Company - Insights & Publications <http://www.mckinsey.com/insights/health_systems_and_services/when_and_how_provider_competit ion_can_improve_health_care_delivery> accessed 20 October 2015) So

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sregimes might also have certain provisions exempting particular sectors (e.g. the Malaysian regime provides exemptions for telecommunications and energy markets in the First Schedule of the Competition Act).


THE DETERMINANTS OF PARTICIPATION IN EMPOWERMENT PROGRAMS IN JAMBI PROVINCE, INDONESIA

Novyandra Ilham Bahtera a, Fatimah Mohamed Arshad b

Shaufique Fahmi Sidique c , Marcel Djama d , Asnarulkhadi Abu-Samah e

abcd Institute of Agriculture and Food Policy Studies, Universiti Putra Malaysia,Selangor, Malaysiae Institute for Social Science Studies, Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangor, MalaysiaCorresponding email: [email protected]

Abstract

Among the oil palm supply chain participants, the small holders are relatively at a disadvantage because of their small farms, low production and other structural problems. An empowerment program is one of the effective measures to improve their economic status. An understanding of perception on empowerment program will help the policy makers to design an effective empowerment program. The study identifies the determinants of the oil palm farmers’ participation in training for the empowerment program. Structured questionnaire and face-to-face data collection methods are employed to obtain the primary data from 194 oil palm smallholders in Tanjung Jabung Barat, Jambi Province, Indonesia. Logistic-regression is used to gain information on the determinant of small holders’ readiness to participate in the empowerment program. The principal component analysis indicates that knowledge and activities variables have significant effect on the probability of farmers’ participation on the training related with the empowerment program. Income is the only variable derived from socio-economic variable that becomes the determinant of farmers in involving the training on empowerment program, while the other otherwise.

Keywords: Empowerment, oil palm farmers, human development, and agricultural policy.

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FACTORS CONDUCIVE TO EFFECTIVE SERVICE-LEARNING OUTCOMES AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN HONG KONG

Steven S.Y.NgaiDepartment of Social WorkThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kongemail: [email protected]

Abstract

This study seeks to identify key factors conducive to effective service-learning outcomes among university students in Hong Kong. Specifically, it investigates how program characteristics (i.e., involvement with service users, agency support and class experience) and psychological engagement interact in this population to influence service-learning outcomes, in terms of personal development and civic commitment. The basic assumption is that these two sets of variables may have differential effects on student outcomes. To test this, the present study employed survey data collected from 113 university students participating in a service-learning program in Hong Kong. The results support the hypotheses that involvement with service users and psychological engagement are the strongest predictors of student outcomes. On the other hand, no support is found for the hypotheses that agency support and class experience might affect the outcomes. The implications of the findings for further research and future development of service-learning programs are discussed.

Keywords: Service-learning, Student outcomes, Program characteristics, Psychological engagement.

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BILATERAL INVESTMENT TREATIES: THE CHANGED INDIAN PERSPECTIVE

Prerna TaraUniversity of Petroleum and Energy Studies, Dehradun, IndiaEmail: [email protected]

Abstract

A country, in order to prosper, requires economic growth as the key factor for growth. For economic growth, the business has to not only be feasible at the national level, but also at the international level which includes a proper cooperation between the business houses and state authorities. One of the key results of this relationship led to the emergence of bilateral investment treaties. With the advent of globalization, it is dispensable to ignore the role foreign investors have to play in the business /economic scenario of any country. BITs play an instrumental role in looking after the foreign investment and the risks that come along with it. The new times have changed the outlook towards such investments and led to devising new alternatives and dispute resolutions like arbitration. This paper shall be a comparative analysis between the old and new BIT and what impact globalization has had on the framing of the latest BIT. It shall also dwell deeper into the solutions that can be suitable for the benefit of both the investors and the state.

Keywords: Globalization, investment, arbitration.So

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THE BAMBOO FORTIFICATIONS OF EARLY ITNEG VILLAGES IN ABRA, NORTHERN PHILIPPINES

Mr. Farland D. ValeraDepartment of Political ScienceUniversity of Baguio, Baguio City, 2600 PhilippinesEmail: [email protected]

Abstract

Hinged on the realist worldview that nations make rational decisions in their effort to secure their well-being, this paper explores the Itneg concept of security and peace by investigating the origins and purposes of the bamboo fortifications that surround some abandoned mountain-top settlements along western slopes of the Cordillera Mountain Range in the province of Abra in Northern Philippines. Data was gathered through the ethnographic methods of key informant interviews, focus group discussions and actual visits to the abandoned bamboo-fortified Itneg settlements. The bamboo fortifications are seen as a unified Itneg response to external security threats, primarily arising from the early traditions of headhunting and village raids among the tribes of the Northern Cordillera Region. Investigations also revealed that the Itneg concept of security is closely tied to sound sleep at night and strong defense against the attacks of their traditional enemies. Moreover, the bamboo fortifications are a virtual boundary between the “secure village interior” and the harsh and perilous land outside the bamboo lines. Hence, the bamboo stockades that still proudly guard the deserted Itneg settlements are living monuments of Itneg political cunning and military thought; proof of their pacific spirit, love for a serene village life and collective desire for security.

Keywords: Itneg, Bamboo fortifications, virtual boundary, security.

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MARIANO ANGEL HENSON: A HISTORIOGRAPHICAL ANALYSIS OF HIS LIFE AND WORKS ON LOCAL HISTORY, 1948-1975

Ramos, DondyPeptio II, G.Instructor/M.A. History, Department of History, University of the Philippines, Quezon City PhilippinesEmail: [email protected]

Abstract

Local history is one of the most interesting areas of history. It is in this area of study wherein Mariano A. Henson, a Kapampagan historian, dedicated most of his writings. These two aspects are the focus of the paper. The life of Mariano A. Henson is examined through his works concerning local history. Initially, he did not focus on the study of local history, but rather he earned his degree and license in Pharmacy. In 1948, after acquiring the estate of his father, he began writing history books concerning his locality. The interest in history of Henson and his curiosity made him visit different archives and libraries in the world. With his expertise in different field of studies, he was considered as “Homo Universalis” or “Grand Old Man” by some. His importance in the study of history and social sciences lies in the corpus of research and works he published. Through the lens of historiography and history, the paper provides an assessment and analysis of the works of Henson concerning local history. These works became the heritage and legacy of Mariano A. Henson in the study of Kapampangan culture and history, thus, sealing the title “Father of Kapampangan Studies.”

Keywords: Kapampangan Studies, Mariano A. Henson, Pampanga, Kapampangan, Local History.

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Bothered Bloggings and Troubled Tweets: Constructions of Stress and Concerns for Early-Career Academics

Robbie Busch a & Marieke Ledingham b

School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Notre Dame Australia, Fremantle, Western Australia Email: [email protected]

Abstract

While recent studies suggest that stress is becoming more prominent for academics, very little research has been conducted on understanding the realities of stress for early-career academics. Through the employment of social constructionist epistemology and theory as a framework for research, our study examines how early-career academics language and construct experiences of stress and concern. We employed a constructionist thematic analysis. This involved selecting a sample of blogs and Twitter micro-blogs to code and identifying important themes in relation to stress and concern. Through a preliminary analysis of blogs, we found that there were recurring concerns on work-life balance, a competitive culture that eroded collegiality and social support and there were worries about the insecurity of work. Our analysis of Twitter tweets found a range of concerns. There were issues of health and wellbeing, being unfairly discriminated against and not recognised by senior academic staff, structural barriers in the application and access of research, publishing issues and advice in relation to accessibility of research outputs, a govern mentality on the standards of academic conduct, and concerns on flexibility, in relation to time and work life balance. The findings have implications for higher education institutions in the support and career development of early career academics.

Keywords: blogging, constructionist thematic analysis, early career academics, stress.

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SOCIAL MEDIA AS a TOOL FOR COMBATING CYBERCRIMES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO SAUDI ARABIA

Faisal Yousif Alanezi, Ph.D., Dean of Faculty AffairsPrince Mohammad Bin Fahd University (PMU). Saudi ArabiaEmail: [email protected]

Abstract

Social media has undoubtedly been integrated in our everyday lives on a daily basis and therefore, has become the channel to conduct a lot of business, for example marketing, and communication worldwide. However, in the Middle East where social media has gained huge popularity, it have also attracted online criminals in the region to victimize users. Many harmful crimes occur through social media such as blackmailing, terrorists propaganda, online fraud and therefore there is an urgent need to combat them. In the Middle East, and in particularly in Saudi Arabia, social media has been increasing rapidly and therefore, has become a breeding ground for both online criminals and terrorists activities. This becomes a huge concern for both public and private users. Therefore, this paper demonstrates how social media could be an effective instrument in combating cybercrime in Saudi Arabia. It provides an advantageous insight into the essence of online crime, highlighting the motivations for committing online crime and shedding light on the paradoxical nature of social media.

Keywords: Social media crime; online criminals; combating online crime; Saudi Arabia.

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THE DETERMINANTS OF RESEARCH PRODUCTIVITY IN PUBLIC VERSUS PRIVATE SAUDI UNIVERSITIES

Dr.YousrGadhoum a and YateemKaram b

a Full Professor of FinanceDeanship of Research DevelopmentPrince Mohammad Bin Fahd University, KSAbSaudi Aramco, KSAE-mail: [email protected]

Abstract

Historically, with the exception of King Saud University which was established in 1957, Saudi Arabia had been facing different deficiencies in the higher education system. However, since the last two decades, the nation has evolved as one of the major educational hubs by attracting both national and international students and has tremendously increased the number of public Universities. Indeed, the demand for higher education is because of the young population growth imposed itself. On the other hand, sending mass students to foreign universities which used to be an optimal alternative is no longer sustainable and presents a real challenge for the female students given the Saudi Culture. The public universities were not able to meet the demand. The authorities have progressively allowed the establishment of private higher education institutions. Currently, there are 27 public sector universities in Saudi Arabia and more than 36 private universities. The aim of this research is to investigate the role played by the private universities in research by comparison to the public universities for at least two reasons: public universities are larger in size and benefit from governmental grants, whereas the private universities suffer the access to external funding from governmental agencies and foundations. Both categories of universities are developing and training Citizens. The present research addresses the productivity efficiency of private university to produce research of quality that would be integrated in teaching, hence producing good Citizens as the Saudi Arabia public Universities. Our results show that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia has the highest number of publications in the GCC countries including Egypt, Turkey, and Iran. However, our statistics have exhibited that public universities produce higher number of published papers compared with the number of publications in the private universities. Furthermore, the data analysed shows that public universities possess a higher number

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of full professors and active researchers. Moreover, Public schools receive governmental funds and tend to attract better opportunities from the industry. Government budgets and research fund approvals for the private universities can be considered as some of the prime reasons behind the shortfall of research in private universities leading to the assumption that public universities produce better citizens than private universities unless the trend in funding research changes.

Keywords: Saudi Arabia, universities, Public sector, Higher education.


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