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MEN IN CARING PROFESSIONS IN THE EU AN OVERVIEW MEN IN CARING PROFESSIONS IN THE EU AN OVERVIEW Blandine Mollard | EIGE | September 3 rd 2020| ICMEO 2020 Workshop 1 Blandine Mollard, European Institute for Gender Equality ICMEO, September 3 rd 2020

ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

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Page 1: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

MEN IN CARING PROFESSIONS IN THE EUAN OVERVIEW

MEN IN CARING PROFESSIONS IN THE EUAN OVERVIEW

Blandine Mollard | EIGE | September 3rd 2020| ICMEO 2020 Workshop 1

Blandine Mollard, European Institute for Gender EqualityICMEO, September 3rd 2020

Page 2: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Outline

• What is the gender make-up of care professions in the EU?

• Why is care so gendered and assigned to women?

• What are the approaches taken to change this?

Page 3: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

What do we mean by caring professions?• Personal Care workers

• Child Care Workers and Teachers’ Aides• Personal Care Workers in Health Services

• Cleaner and helpers• Domestic, hotel and office cleaners and helpers• Vehicle, window, laundry and other hand cleaning workers

• Health professionals• Medical doctors• Nursing and midwifery professionals• Traditional and complementary medicine professionals• Paramedical practitioners• Veterinarians• Other health professionals

• Education professionals

Page 4: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Women and men working in caring professions, EU 28, 2018, %

28

27

16

12

72

73

84

88

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Health Professionals

Education workers

Cleaners and helpers

Personal care workers

Men Women

Page 5: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Women and men working in human health, EU 28, 2018, %

46 24 12

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Human health activities

Women Men

Page 6: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Women and men working in human health professions, EU 28, 2018, %

12

25

47

88

75

53

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Nursing and midwifery

Paramedical practitioners

Medical doctors

Men Women

Overall, 24 % of human health professionals in the EU are men

Page 7: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Why is care so gendered and assigned to women ?

• Classical economics: labour is productive if goods and services exchanged on the market if not, leisure

• Feminists economist pointed it creates a dichotomy and hierarchies:• Men= production, paid work and public spaces-outside world• Women=reproduction, unpaid work and private spaces• Argued renewal and care of human life necessary to any production of goods and services• Enduring association between care and unpaid work lead to low social and financial value to

caring occupations.• Underrepresentation of men both cause and consequence of low recognition of care work.

Page 8: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Why are men deterred from choosing care professions?

• Gender norms around care• Early socialisation of girls to care for

others• Tasks traditionally performed by women

for free

• Gender norms around masculinity such as • Providing is caring• Emphasising social status• Rationality and science

• Cultural representations of caringprofessions as selfless, nurturing, …

• Low economic recognition• Cut back public spending• Low wages• Limited training and career

advancement

• Poor working conditions• Part-time work• Temporary contracts• Atypical work hours• Occupational health issues

Page 9: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Masculinities, care and identities, Nail Hanlon, page 30“Care is socially constructed as feminine within both the private and public sphere because women comprise the majority of society’s carersand because caring is defined as feminine. Despite the fact that caring is sometimes idealized and valorized in itself, to be a carer is to be materially and symbolically subordinated."

Page 10: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Characteristics of caring professions in which men are most underrepresented

86%

14%

41%44%

41%

15%

77%

13%

39%34%

49%

17%

45%

55%

69%

82%

15%

3%

86%

14%

21% 21%

28%

51%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

100%

Native Foreign born 1st-2nd 3rd-5th 6th-10th

Country of birth Share of part-timework

Monthly pay deciles**

Childcare Workers and Teachers’ Aides Personal Care Workers In Health Domestic Cleaners and Helpers Total employment

Page 11: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

What are policies doing to change this?

• Gender segregation often neglected aspect of gender equality policies

• Greater focus on women in Science than on men in Caring

• COVID 19 shed light on essential role of care and low societal value given to it.

• Greater investments and salary increases announced.

• Increase salaries, benefits and career progression

• Promote decent working conditions and economic independence at all levels of caring professions.

• Promote positive gender norms where care for others is a human trait.

What could be done more?

Page 12: ICMEO Presentation EIGE - kirjutuskaitstud · 2020. 9. 28. · D E /E Z/E' WZK& ^^/KE^ /E d, h E Ks Zs/ t o v ] v D } o o n /' n ^ u ï î ì î ì n K µ o ] v •t Z ] Z P v u l

Thank you

Gedimino pr. 16,LT-01103 Vilnius,Lithuania

Connect with us!

eige.europa.eu facebook.com/eige.europa.eu

twitter.com/eurogender

youtube.com/user/eurogender

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linkedin.com/company/eige


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