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ICPC REGION 2ICPC REGION 2
20132013 RTSRTS
ETHICSETHICS
Course GoalsCourse Goals
• • An understanding of the terminology An understanding of the terminology surrounding ethics surrounding ethics
• • An understanding of the trust the public An understanding of the trust the public places in its public servants, ministers, places in its public servants, ministers, and counselors and counselors
• • The role of ethics in leadership The role of ethics in leadership
• • Fair and open access of accountabilityFair and open access of accountability
Course GoalsCourse Goals
• • Personal and cooperative values Personal and cooperative values
• • The development of integrity and The development of integrity and character character
• • Leadership and character as goals Leadership and character as goals
• • The measure of character The measure of character
• • The expectations of public servantsThe expectations of public servants
The TerminologyThe Terminology
ETHICSETHICSA code of behavior that A code of behavior that
enables people to make enables people to make moral judgments about moral judgments about difficult situationsdifficult situations
The TerminologyThe Terminology
MORALSMORALSA system of principles and A system of principles and
judgments based on cultural, judgments based on cultural, religious, and philosophical religious, and philosophical concepts and beliefs, by which concepts and beliefs, by which humans determine whether humans determine whether given actions are right or wrong.given actions are right or wrong.
The TerminologyThe TerminologySTANDARDSSTANDARDS
A practice or product, which is widely A practice or product, which is widely recognized or employed, especially because recognized or employed, especially because of its excellenceof its excellence
PUBLIC TRUSTPUBLIC TRUSTThe responsibility the public places on The responsibility the public places on
government to care for their needsgovernment to care for their needs
The TerminologyThe Terminology
TRUTHTRUTHThat which is universally and at all That which is universally and at all
times the determining basis for the times the determining basis for the reality of existence. Factuality, that reality of existence. Factuality, that which exists regardless of view point which exists regardless of view point or relative opinion. The essence of or relative opinion. The essence of natural law and its principles.natural law and its principles.
The TerminologyThe Terminology
INTEGRITYINTEGRITYComprises the personal inner sense of Comprises the personal inner sense of
“wholeness” derived from honesty “wholeness” derived from honesty and consistent uprightness of and consistent uprightness of character. Evaluators, of course, character. Evaluators, of course, usually asses integrity from some usually asses integrity from some point of view, such as that of a given point of view, such as that of a given ethical tradition or in the context of ethical tradition or in the context of an ethical relationship.an ethical relationship.
The TerminologyThe Terminology
SITUATIONAL ETHICSSITUATIONAL ETHICSA particular view of ethics, in which A particular view of ethics, in which
absolute standards are considered absolute standards are considered less important than the requirements less important than the requirements of a particular situation. The of a particular situation. The standards used may, therefore, vary standards used may, therefore, vary from one situation to another, and from one situation to another, and may even contradict one anothermay even contradict one another
The TerminologyThe TerminologyFAIRNESSFAIRNESS
Justice is a concept involving the fair, Justice is a concept involving the fair, moral, and impartial treatment of all moral, and impartial treatment of all persons, especially in the law. It is persons, especially in the law. It is often seen as the continued effort to often seen as the continued effort to do what is right. In most cases what do what is right. In most cases what one regards as “right” is determined one regards as “right” is determined by consulting the majority, employing by consulting the majority, employing logic, or referring to divine authority, logic, or referring to divine authority, in the case of religionin the case of religion
The TerminologyThe Terminology
VALUESVALUESPrinciples, standards or qualities Principles, standards or qualities
considered worthwhile or desirable considered worthwhile or desirable by the person who holds them.by the person who holds them.
PROBITYPROBITYComplete and confirmed integrity; Complete and confirmed integrity;
having strong moral principleshaving strong moral principles
Trust Given to Public Trust Given to Public Servants, Ministers and Servants, Ministers and Counselors Counselors
The Nature of Public TrustThe Nature of Public Trust
The right to life, liberty, property and The right to life, liberty, property and the pursuit of happiness.the pursuit of happiness.
The protection of those rights.The protection of those rights.
Behavior and Public Behavior and Public TrustTrust
LawLaw
ReligionReligion
EthicsEthics
EtiquetteEtiquette
Expectations of Public TrustExpectations of Public Trust
What does the public expect of the What does the public expect of the police?police?
Be there Be there Do no harmDo no harm
ObjectivityObjectivity FairnessFairness
CourageCourage SkillSkill
IntegrityIntegrity PerfectionPerfection
Ways to Destroy Public Ways to Destroy Public TrustTrust
Using your position for personal gainUsing your position for personal gain
Not being truthfulNot being truthful
Lack of confidentiality Lack of confidentiality
Covering upCovering up
Excessive forceExcessive force
Public Trust DilemmasPublic Trust Dilemmas
Truth vs. JusticeTruth vs. Justice
Honesty vs. LoyaltyHonesty vs. Loyalty
Due Process vs. Crime ControlDue Process vs. Crime Control
Ramifications of Destroying Ramifications of Destroying Public TrustPublic Trust
Poor ReputationPoor Reputation
Loss of supportLoss of supportLoss of employment/PositionLoss of employment/Position
Loss of fundingLoss of funding
Community UnrestCommunity Unrest
The Role of Ethics The Role of Ethics in Leadershipin Leadership
Models of LeadershipModels of Leadership
George PattonGeorge Patton
George PattonGeorge Patton John Beck, a tank destroyer sergeant, related: John Beck, a tank destroyer sergeant, related:
"On the way to Bastogne, we would see "On the way to Bastogne, we would see Patton along the side of the road waving us Patton along the side of the road waving us on. I don't know how he got ahead of us all on. I don't know how he got ahead of us all the time, but he did. Patton was right there the time, but he did. Patton was right there breaking it up and getting things moving breaking it up and getting things moving again. He was a relentless man...and a great again. He was a relentless man...and a great general. Patton had a theory that the general. Patton had a theory that the Germans didn't shoot as well on the run. Germans didn't shoot as well on the run. That's why he never wanted to stop. The only That's why he never wanted to stop. The only time he stopped in the field was when he ran time he stopped in the field was when he ran out of gas."out of gas."
GeorgeGeorge PattonPattonVirgil Pinkley, a UPI writer, wrote, "Gen. George Virgil Pinkley, a UPI writer, wrote, "Gen. George
S. Patton believed he was the greatest S. Patton believed he was the greatest soldier who ever lived. He made himself soldier who ever lived. He made himself believe he would never falter through doubt. believe he would never falter through doubt. This absolute faith in himself as a strategist This absolute faith in himself as a strategist and master of daring infected his entire and master of daring infected his entire army, until the men of the second American army, until the men of the second American corps in Africa, and later the third army in corps in Africa, and later the third army in France, believed they could not be defeated France, believed they could not be defeated under his leadership.“under his leadership.“
George McClellanGeorge McClellan
George McClellanGeorge McClellan
George McClellanGeorge McClellan
The New York The New York Evening Post
commented in McClellan's obituary, commented in McClellan's obituary, "Probably no soldier who did so "Probably no soldier who did so little fighting has ever had his little fighting has ever had his qualities as a commander so qualities as a commander so
minutely, and we may add, so minutely, and we may add, so fiercely discussed."fiercely discussed."
George McClellanGeorge McClellan McClellan is usually ranked in the lowest tier of Civil War generals. McClellan is usually ranked in the lowest tier of Civil War generals.
However, the debate over McClellan's ability and talents remains the However, the debate over McClellan's ability and talents remains the subject of much controversy among Civil War and military historians. subject of much controversy among Civil War and military historians. He has been universally praised for his organizational abilities and for He has been universally praised for his organizational abilities and for his very good relations with his troops. They referred to him his very good relations with his troops. They referred to him affectionately as "Little Mac"; others sometimes called him the "Young affectionately as "Little Mac"; others sometimes called him the "Young Napoleon". It has been suggested that his reluctance to enter battle Napoleon". It has been suggested that his reluctance to enter battle was caused in part by an intense desire to avoid spilling the blood of was caused in part by an intense desire to avoid spilling the blood of his men. Ironically, this led to failing to take the initiative against the his men. Ironically, this led to failing to take the initiative against the enemy and therefore passing up good opportunities for decisive enemy and therefore passing up good opportunities for decisive victories, which could have ended the war early, and thereby could victories, which could have ended the war early, and thereby could have spared thousands of soldiers who died in those subsequent have spared thousands of soldiers who died in those subsequent battles. Generals who proved successful in the war, such as Lee and battles. Generals who proved successful in the war, such as Lee and Grant, tended to be more aggressive and more willing to risk a major Grant, tended to be more aggressive and more willing to risk a major battle even when all preparations were not perfect.battle even when all preparations were not perfect.
George CusterGeorge Custer
George CusterGeorge Custer• Custer has been called a "Custer has been called a "media personality", and he did value ", and he did value
good good public relations in addition to leveraging the in addition to leveraging the print media of of his era effectively. He frequently invited his era effectively. He frequently invited correspondents to to accompany his campaigns (one, accompany his campaigns (one, Associated Press reporter reporter Mark Kellogg, died at the Little Bighorn), and their favorable , died at the Little Bighorn), and their favorable reporting contributed to his high reputation, which lasted well reporting contributed to his high reputation, which lasted well into the 20th century. He paid attention to his image; after being into the 20th century. He paid attention to his image; after being promoted to brigadier general in the Civil War, Custer sported a promoted to brigadier general in the Civil War, Custer sported a uniform that included shiny cavalry boots, tight olive-colored uniform that included shiny cavalry boots, tight olive-colored corduroy trousers, a wide-brimmed slouch hat, tight corduroy trousers, a wide-brimmed slouch hat, tight hussar jacket of black velveteen with silver piping on the sleeves, a jacket of black velveteen with silver piping on the sleeves, a sailor shirt with silver stars on his collar, and a red sailor shirt with silver stars on his collar, and a red cravat. He . He wore his hair in long ringlets liberally sprinkled with cinnamon-wore his hair in long ringlets liberally sprinkled with cinnamon-scented hair oil. Later, in his campaigns against the Indians, scented hair oil. Later, in his campaigns against the Indians, Custer wore a Custer wore a buckskins outfit, along with his familiar red tie. outfit, along with his familiar red tie.
George A. CusterGeorge A. CusterWhile camped at Powder River, Custer While camped at Powder River, Custer
refused the support offered by General refused the support offered by General Terry on June 21, of an additional four Terry on June 21, of an additional four companies of the Second Cavalry. companies of the Second Cavalry. Custer stated that he "could whip any Custer stated that he "could whip any Indian village on the Plains" with his Indian village on the Plains" with his own regiment, and that extra troops own regiment, and that extra troops would simply be a burden.would simply be a burden.
George MarshallGeorge Marshall
George MarshallGeorge Marshall
George Catlett Marshall, Jr.George Catlett Marshall, Jr. (December 31, 1880 – October (December 31, 1880 – October 16, 1959), was the primer American 16, 1959), was the primer American military leader, leader, Chief of Staff of the Army, 1, 1stst ,five star, General of the ,five star, General of the Army, Army, Secretary of State, and the third , and the third Secretary of Defense. Once noted as the "organizer of . Once noted as the "organizer of victory" by victory" by Winston Churchill for his leadership of the for his leadership of the Allied victory in World War II, victory in World War II,[4] Marshall served as the United Marshall served as the United States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief States Army Chief of Staff during the war and as the chief military adviser to military adviser to President Franklin D. Roosevelt. He was . He was characterized as the organizer of Allied victory by characterized as the organizer of Allied victory by Winston Churchill. As Secretary of State, his name was . As Secretary of State, his name was given to the given to the Marshall Plan, for which he was awarded the , for which he was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1953 in 1953
George MarshallGeorge MarshallMarshall's Leadership PrinciplesMarshall's Leadership Principles
These five principles defined George Marshall's leadership qualities:These five principles defined George Marshall's leadership qualities:
Candor Candor Speak honestly and responsiblySpeak honestly and responsibly
CommitmentCommitment Faithfully adhere to what is rightFaithfully adhere to what is right
CourageCourage Be bold in speech and deed Be bold in speech and deed
IntegrityIntegrity Speak and act with honorSpeak and act with honor
SelflessnessSelflessness Service above self-interestService above self-interest
George MarshallGeorge Marshall"It is comparatively simple to select the generals after "It is comparatively simple to select the generals after
a display of their military qualities on the battlefield. a display of their military qualities on the battlefield. The difficulty is when we must choose them prior to The difficulty is when we must choose them prior to employment in active operations. . . . employment in active operations. . . . The most The most important factor of all is character, which important factor of all is character, which involves integrity, unselfish and devoted involves integrity, unselfish and devoted purpose, a sturdiness of bearing when purpose, a sturdiness of bearing when everything goes wrong and all are critical, and everything goes wrong and all are critical, and a willingness to sacrifice self in the interest of a willingness to sacrifice self in the interest of the common good."--the common good."--1944 writing to Miss Craig's 1944 writing to Miss Craig's class in Roanoke, Virginiaclass in Roanoke, Virginia
Characteristics of a Characteristics of a True LeaderTrue Leader
Balanced Decision MakingBalanced Decision Making
Models the Right ThingModels the Right Thing
Empowers SubordinatesEmpowers Subordinates
Results of True Results of True LeadershipLeadership
ConfidenceConfidence
Integrity & HonestyIntegrity & Honesty
Motive and MotivationMotive and Motivation
Fair and Open Fair and Open AccessAccess
GratuitiesGratuitiesInfluenceInfluence
AppearanceAppearance
RisksRisks
Equal Protection – Equal Equal Protection – Equal Justice Justice
Fair and Open AccessFair and Open Access
VII. The Law Enforcement Chaplain shall be aware of VII. The Law Enforcement Chaplain shall be aware of Departmental regulations concerning favors, gifts Departmental regulations concerning favors, gifts and gratuities and follow them rigorously. He or she and gratuities and follow them rigorously. He or she shall not give or receive any favor, gift or gratuity shall not give or receive any favor, gift or gratuity that has, or has the appearance of having, a basis that has, or has the appearance of having, a basis in special consideration. He or she shall always in special consideration. He or she shall always conduct himself or herself in an ethical and conduct himself or herself in an ethical and professional manner. professional manner.
Personal & Cooperative Personal & Cooperative ValuesValues
III. The Law Enforcement Chaplain serves in an III. The Law Enforcement Chaplain serves in an ecumenical capacity. He or she is not to use the ecumenical capacity. He or she is not to use the chaplaincy to proselytize or to preach in order to win chaplaincy to proselytize or to preach in order to win adherents to his or her faith group. It shall be adherents to his or her faith group. It shall be assumed that the Law Enforcement Chaplain shall be assumed that the Law Enforcement Chaplain shall be familiar with the beliefs and practices of the various familiar with the beliefs and practices of the various faith groups represented in his or her Department. It faith groups represented in his or her Department. It shall further be assumed that the Law Enforcement shall further be assumed that the Law Enforcement Chaplain is familiar with the requirements of honesty, Chaplain is familiar with the requirements of honesty, integrity, humility, compassion, decency, brotherhood, integrity, humility, compassion, decency, brotherhood, humanity and love that are overarching concepts humanity and love that are overarching concepts among faith groups. among faith groups.
Personal & Cooperative Personal & Cooperative ValuesValues
IV. The Law Enforcement Chaplain shall not hesitate IV. The Law Enforcement Chaplain shall not hesitate to seek guidance either from Departmental to seek guidance either from Departmental authorities or clergy of other faith groups when authorities or clergy of other faith groups when such guidance becomes necessary to the proper such guidance becomes necessary to the proper discharge of chaplaincy duties. discharge of chaplaincy duties.
Personal & Cooperative Personal & Cooperative ValuesValues
V. The Law Enforcement Chaplain may from time to V. The Law Enforcement Chaplain may from time to time face situations involving members of his or her time face situations involving members of his or her general community. The chaplain is to discharge his general community. The chaplain is to discharge his or her duties in such situations with due regard for or her duties in such situations with due regard for any Departmental policies and procedures that may any Departmental policies and procedures that may obtain in such circumstances. The chaplain is still a obtain in such circumstances. The chaplain is still a member of the clergy and as such may be of member of the clergy and as such may be of service to the entire community as long as he or service to the entire community as long as he or she does not infringe upon the ministry of another she does not infringe upon the ministry of another member of the clergy and does not improperly member of the clergy and does not improperly involve his or her Department by such service.involve his or her Department by such service.
Integrity & Integrity & CharacterCharacter
Development of CharacterDevelopment of Character
Effects of HeredityEffects of Heredity
Effects of EnvironmentEffects of Environment
Instruction, TrainingInstruction, Training
Discipline, Correction, PunishmentDiscipline, Correction, Punishment
Integrity & Integrity & CharacterCharacter
Character is acquired by thought and Character is acquired by thought and process which is affected by example, process which is affected by example,
opportunity and environmentopportunity and environment
Phil. 4:8. Finally brethren, whatever is true, whatever Phil. 4:8. Finally brethren, whatever is true, whatever is honorable, whatever is right, what ever is pure, is honorable, whatever is right, what ever is pure, whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if whatever is lovely, whatever is of good repute, if there is any excellence and if anything worthy of there is any excellence and if anything worthy of praise, dwell on these things. 9. The things you praise, dwell on these things. 9. The things you have learned and received and heard and seen in have learned and received and heard and seen in me, practice these things, and the God of peace will me, practice these things, and the God of peace will be with you.be with you.
Leadership & Leadership & Character as GoalsCharacter as Goals
Vision, goal orientedVision, goal oriented
DisciplineDiscipline
ExcellenceExcellence
BalanceBalance
Measures of Measures of CharacterCharacter
““The measure of a man's real character The measure of a man's real character is what he would do if he knew he is what he would do if he knew he
would never be found out.”would never be found out.”
Thomas Babington Macaulay (Thomas Babington Macaulay (English Historian, , 1800--1859))
““People grow through experience if they People grow through experience if they meet life honestly and courageously. meet life honestly and courageously.
This is how character is built.”This is how character is built.”
Eleanor RooseveltEleanor Roosevelt (1884 – 1962)(1884 – 1962)
Measures of Measures of CharacterCharacter
““Character is what you are in the dark.”Character is what you are in the dark.”
D. L. MoodyD. L. Moody (1837-1899)(1837-1899)
““Character cannot be developed in ease Character cannot be developed in ease and quiet. Only through experience of and quiet. Only through experience of
trial and suffering can the soul be trial and suffering can the soul be strengthened, ambition inspired, and strengthened, ambition inspired, and
success achieved.”success achieved.”
Helen Keller (1880–1968)Helen Keller (1880–1968)
Measures of Measures of CharacterCharacter
JESUSJESUSBlessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of Blessed are the poor in spirit, for theirs is the kingdom of
heaven.heaven.
Blessed are those that mourn, for they will be comforted.Blessed are those that mourn, for they will be comforted.
Blessed are the gentile, for they shall inherit the earth.Blessed are the gentile, for they shall inherit the earth.
Blessed are those who hunger and thirst after righteousness, Blessed are those who hunger and thirst after righteousness, for they shall be satisfied.for they shall be satisfied.
Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive mercy.Blessed are the merciful, for they shall receive mercy.
Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.Blessed are the pure in heart, for they shall see God.
Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of Blessed are the peacemakers, for they shall be called sons of God.God.
Blessed are those who have been persecuted for the sake of Blessed are those who have been persecuted for the sake of righteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heavenrighteousness, for theirs is the kingdom of heaven
Matthew 5:3-10Matthew 5:3-10
Expectations of Public Expectations of Public ServantsServants
Serve othersServe others
Be FaithfulBe Faithful
Be honestBe honest
Do your bestDo your best
Chaplain’s Ethics DilemmaChaplain’s Ethics Dilemma
While on a ride-a-long with a deputy late one While on a ride-a-long with a deputy late one evening, you spot a car in a remote area with evening, you spot a car in a remote area with no lights. The deputy decides to check it out.no lights. The deputy decides to check it out.
As you pull up on the car with the spotlight on, As you pull up on the car with the spotlight on, you can clearly see that there are two you can clearly see that there are two occupants, one male and one female. They occupants, one male and one female. They do not appear to be clothed.do not appear to be clothed.
You also unmistakably recognize the car as You also unmistakably recognize the car as being owned by a 21-year-old male in your being owned by a 21-year-old male in your church.church.
Chaplain’s Ethics Chaplain’s Ethics DilemmaDilemma
You and the deputy agree that, because it You and the deputy agree that, because it could be someone from your church, you could be someone from your church, you should remain in the car.should remain in the car.
The deputy IDs both subjects, determines they The deputy IDs both subjects, determines they are both adults and tells them to get a room.are both adults and tells them to get a room.
During the entire time the deputy is dealing During the entire time the deputy is dealing with them, the female keeps trying to peer with them, the female keeps trying to peer through the headlights to see who is in the through the headlights to see who is in the patrol car. You clearly recognize her as a patrol car. You clearly recognize her as a mid-40s married woman from your mid-40s married woman from your congregation.congregation.
Chaplain’s Ethics Chaplain’s Ethics DilemmaDilemma
Everyone in your church knows that you are a Everyone in your church knows that you are a police chaplain. You have a strong suspicion police chaplain. You have a strong suspicion that she knows you were in the patrol car.that she knows you were in the patrol car.
What, if anything, are you going to do?What, if anything, are you going to do?
Since you obtained this information in your Since you obtained this information in your role as a Chaplain, can you disclose that you role as a Chaplain, can you disclose that you know about it to them, or others?know about it to them, or others?