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ICT IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS: LESSONS LEARNED. Susanne Caarls International Electoral Affairs Symposium 30-31 May 2012. Content. Registration process Voting process Counting process Current discussions Trends Lessons learned. Periodic list Continuous list Civil Registry. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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ICT IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS:ICT IN THE ELECTORAL PROCESS:LESSONS LEARNEDLESSONS LEARNED
Susanne CaarlsSusanne CaarlsInternational Electoral Affairs International Electoral Affairs SymposiumSymposium30-31 May 201230-31 May 2012
ContentContent
Registration processRegistration process Voting processVoting process Counting processCounting process Current discussionsCurrent discussions TrendsTrends Lessons learnedLessons learned
Registration processRegistration process
Periodic listPeriodic list
Continuous listContinuous list
Civil RegistryCivil Registry
Registration processRegistration process
Latest Latest developmentsdevelopments
Biometric Biometric featuresfeatures
Online Online registration registration
Case study: BrazilCase study: Brazil
voters – 130,604,430 voters – 130,604,430 85.47% turnout85.47% turnout
DRE’s – 455,971, DRE’s – 455,971, managed by 13,000 managed by 13,000 IT techniciansIT technicians
Electoral precincts – Electoral precincts – 3,1053,105
polling stations – polling stations – 400,588400,588
workers at the workers at the polling stations – polling stations – 1,665,8161,665,816
Case Study: BrazilCase Study: Brazil
An electronic voting machine is made up of a An electronic voting machine is made up of a micro terminal and a voting terminal. In the micro terminal and a voting terminal. In the micro terminal, voters are identified through micro terminal, voters are identified through their voting card numbers. Voters cast their their voting card numbers. Voters cast their ballots in the voting terminal.ballots in the voting terminal.
Case Study: BrazilCase Study: Brazil
At 7:00 a.m. on At 7:00 a.m. on election day, election day, work begins with work begins with the printing of a the printing of a report referred to report referred to as “as “zerésimazerésima”. ”.
Case Study: BrazilCase Study: Brazil When voters input their When voters input their
information, the machine information, the machine will display the offices for will display the offices for which the election is being which the election is being held, prompting voters to held, prompting voters to type the number of the type the number of the candidate of their choicecandidate of their choice
After the appropriate After the appropriate number is typed, the number is typed, the machine will display the machine will display the name, photograph and party name, photograph and party or coalition of the candidate or coalition of the candidate of choiceof choice
Then confirmation by Then confirmation by pushing the green buttonpushing the green button
Case Study: the Case Study: the NetherlandsNetherlands The population The population
register is taken as register is taken as the basis for the basis for compiling the polling compiling the polling lists.lists.
Turnout in 2010 Turnout in 2010 Parliament elections: Parliament elections: 75,3% (2006 80,4)75,3% (2006 80,4)
(9,5 million voters)(9,5 million voters) Over 88% internet Over 88% internet
usersusers
Case study- The Case study- The NetherlandsNetherlands +97% of the +97% of the
populationpopulation
voted voted electronicallyelectronically
Also experiments Also experiments with internet with internet votingvoting
Case study: the Case study: the NetherlandsNetherlands Electronic voting Electronic voting
is black box is black box votingvoting
Voting machine Voting machine could be hacked could be hacked in 1 minutein 1 minute
Lack in Lack in transparencytransparency
Secrecy of the Secrecy of the vote in jeopardyvote in jeopardy
Case Study: the Case Study: the NetherlandsNetherlands
Back to paper Back to paper ballot votingballot voting
Problems: Problems: – Family votingFamily voting– Problems with Problems with
countingcounting– Re-countsRe-counts
Case Study: EstoniaCase Study: Estonia
Voters are registered in Voters are registered in the Estonian population the Estonian population register and the register and the population register is population register is taken as the basis for taken as the basis for compiling the polling compiling the polling lists.lists.
Around 1 million eligible Around 1 million eligible votersvoters
63% uses internet63% uses internet 86% declares income 86% declares income
tax through the internettax through the internet Over 80% has an Over 80% has an
electronic ID cardelectronic ID card
Case Study: EstoniaCase Study: Estonia
Electronic ID card is used to identify the Electronic ID card is used to identify the votervoter
Case Study: EstoniaCase Study: Estonia
Voters can vote multiple timesVoters can vote multiple times Voters can vote via the internet Voters can vote via the internet
during the advance voting periodduring the advance voting period A voter may change his/her A voter may change his/her
electronic vote electronic vote The vote which will be counted is The vote which will be counted is
the last vote the last vote
DiscussionsDiscussionsEnd-to-end verification End-to-end verification
End-to end verification: End-to end verification: voters would after casting his/her vote, voters would after casting his/her vote, receive a 12-digit number and use it receive a 12-digit number and use it after the election, via a website, to after the election, via a website, to check that the vote has been counted. check that the vote has been counted.
Discussion: content of the vote.Discussion: content of the vote.
DiscussionsDiscussionsreversible votereversible vote Reversible vote:Reversible vote:
– The voter may vote via the internet The voter may vote via the internet as many times as he/she wishesas many times as he/she wishes
– As above, with the added possibility As above, with the added possibility of the voter going to a polling of the voter going to a polling station (on Election Day). station (on Election Day).
TrendsTrends Registration processRegistration process1. Use of biometric features in emerging 1. Use of biometric features in emerging
democraciesdemocracies E-votingE-voting2. Use of DRE’s is on the rise, except in 2. Use of DRE’s is on the rise, except in
EuropeEurope3. In Europe internet voting is on the rise3. In Europe internet voting is on the risePossible new trend: use of scanning Possible new trend: use of scanning
devicesdevices
Lessons learned 1- trustLessons learned 1- trust
Trust is Trust is neededneeded
Explain Explain reasonsreasons
Be Be transparenttransparent
Observers Observers and media and media need accessneed access
Lessons learned 2- Lessons learned 2- timetime Organise and plan well aheadOrganise and plan well ahead Sufficient time is needed for Sufficient time is needed for
testing and certificationtesting and certification
Lessons learned 3- Lessons learned 3- procedural and legal procedural and legal mattersmatters E-voting is not only about E-voting is not only about
technologytechnology Procedures and legislation need Procedures and legislation need
to be in place.to be in place.
Lessons learned 4- use Lessons learned 4- use information out thereinformation out there From other countriesFrom other countries Council of Europe:Council of Europe:
– Recommendation on legal, operational and Recommendation on legal, operational and technical aspects of e-votingtechnical aspects of e-voting
– Guidelines on certification and transparencyGuidelines on certification and transparency– E-voting HandbookE-voting Handbook
OSCE/ODIHR election assessment reportsOSCE/ODIHR election assessment reports IFESIFES
Lessons Learned 5- Lessons Learned 5- Election Commission Election Commission needs to be in the needs to be in the driving seatdriving seat
Members of Elections Members of Elections Commissions are sometimes too Commissions are sometimes too dependent on others. dependent on others.