ICTL Form 2

ICTL For Secondary School NERWORK AND THE INTERNET MODULE

KEMENTERIANKEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

Self Access LearningSelf Access Learning ModuleModule

Ethics In UsingEthics In UsingComputerComputer

PUSAT PERKEMBANGAN KURIKULUMKEMENTERIAN PELAJARAN MALAYSIA

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ICT Literacy forICT Literacy forSecondarySecondary

SchoolSchoolProgrammProgrammee


MODULE 3

Ethics In UsingEthics In UsingComputerComputer

Curriculum Development CentreMinistry of Education Malaysia

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1. Name of Module : Ethics in using computer

2. Learning Outcomes: The students should be able to:

a. state the ethics of computer usage

b. define the meaning of copyright.

c. state the effects of copyright violation.

d. list at least 3 unethical use of computers

e. state the effects of unethical use of computers

f. define the meaning of plagiarism

g. state the effects of plagiarism

3. Knowledge and Skills

1. Explaining the ethics of computer usage

4. Module Summary: At the end of the module, students should be able to explain the ethics of computer usage, and give their opinions on copyright and plagiarism.

Activity 1 : Notes on Ethics in using computers

Activity 2 : Exercises on Ethics and Copyright

Activity 3 : Notes on Plagiarism

Activity 4 : Exercises on Plagiarism

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Activity 1

3. Ethics in using computer

Have you ever asked for permission to download materials from the internet such

as music, articles, graphic and other material. If you have, you are following the

computer code of conducts. There are many web sites with restriction where the

public is allowed to use their material. Users may have to pay royalty (fee) to the

owner or quote the website in their assignment or project, in order to be able to

use this material.

Examples of ethical computer code of conducts include:

sending warning about viruses to other computer users

asking permission before sending any business advertisements to others

using information with authorization

Ethics in general

1. We often see pirated CDs, software and VCD being sold at the night market.

Buying pirated software is an example of unethical activity in computer ethic.

2. A guideline is needed to stop the current technology products from being

exploited for example copying originals CDs and selling them as pirated

software, this unethical behavior can be controlled by the code of conducts.

3. Under the Malaysia Copyright act 1987, any individual charge with piracy will

be fine up to 10,000 for each copy or up to 5 years imprisonment or both.

4. Computer ethics is a system of moral standards or values used as a guideline

for computer users.

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Ten important instructions of computer ethics

The United States Institute of Computer Ethics has come out with 10

instructions of Computer Ethics as follows:

a. You shall not use a computer to harm other people.

b. You shall not interfere with other people’s computer work.

c. You shall not use a computer to steal

d. You shall not copy or use software for which you have not paid illegally.

e. You shall not use other people’s computer resources without permission or proper compensation.

f. You shall not look around in other people’s computer files.

g. You shall not use a computer to give false identity.

h. You shall not correct other people’s ideas or works.

i. You shall think about the social effects of the program you are writing or the system you are designing.

j. You shall always use a computer in ways that ensure consideration

and respect for your fellow friends.

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3.1 Copyright

What Is Copyright?

Copyright is the legal right given to the owner of a copyright to prevent others

from copying an artistic works, literary, dramatic or music work. Only the

copyright owner has the legal right to reproduce the work in any form and has

the right to sue others who copy or distribute unauthorized work without the

copyright owner’s permission.

The owner of copyright has the special right to do and authorize the following:

To reproduce the work;

To prepare copied works based upon the work;

To distribute copies of the work to the public by sale or transfer of

ownership, or by rental, lease, or lending;

To disallow other persons from using the work without permission;

To carry out the work publicly.

Copyright protection in Malaysia is governed by the Copyright Act 1987.

There is no system of registration for copyright in Malaysia. A work that is

eligible is protected automatically upon fulfillment of the following conditions:-

sufficient effort has been expected to make the work original in

character;

the work has been written down, recorded or reduced to a material

form;

the author is qualified person or the work is made in Malaysia or the work

is first published in Malaysia

Copyright symbol

Abbreviated as (c) or ©.

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Copyright violation (Breaking of copyright law)

A person who does not own the copyright, and without license from the owner

or does not have permission in any of the following acts has broken the

copyright law.

Use resources only for academic assignments and official education and

research and not reproduced in any material form to the public.

Resources are not to be used for business purposes or private gain.

Changing of system settings is not allowed.

Respect and abide by all copyright laws.

Downloading, installation, or removal of software or hardware is not

allowed.

E-mail messages should be brief, occasional and should indicate the

sender’s true identity.

Send no obscene or harassing messages in any format in violation of any

applicable law.

Respect the rights and property of others by not accessing other members’

data.

No one should purposely attempt to weaken the system security or disturb

the system performance through “hacking” .

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3.2 Unethical use of computers

1. Have you copied materials from the internet and claims that it is your own and

submit them as an assignment? If you have, you are reaching the computer

code of conducts (manners). In other word, you are breaking the law of

intellectual property by stealing someone else’s idea. Intellectual property

refers to any products of human intellect that is unique and has a value in the

market place. This covers ideas, inventions, unique names, computer

program codes and many more.

2. Examples of unethical computer code of conducts include:

a) modifying certain information on the internet, affecting the accuracy of the

information

b) selling information to other parties without the owner’s permission

c) using information without permission.

d) involvement in stealing software

e) invasion of privacy

3. With the advancement of ICT, it is easy for anyone to get back your

information from the Internet. You may not realize that when you fill a form on

the Internet, your information may be exposed and stolen.

4. Hacking is unethical. For example, Kevin David Mitnick was a famous

hacker. He accessed computers without authorization. He deprived the

privacy of many individuals by hacking into network of a few companies. He

also managed to get important data unethically for his own usage.

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Activity 2

Exercise 1

Instruction : Answer the questions below.

Questions:

1. What is the meaning of computer ethics ?

2. State the 10 instructions in computer ethics ?

Exercise 2

Instructions: Read the statements below then put a tick (√) in the relevant boxes. Number 1 has been done for you.

NumberStatement

Ethical Unethical

1Use a computer to steal information √

2 Use other people’s computer resources with authorization

3Use software for which you have not paid.

4Interfere with other people’s computer work.

5 Do not use a computer to bear false witness.

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Exercise 3

Instructions : 1. Work in pair or in a group of four.

2. Read the scenario carefully.

3. Answer the question given.

4. Discuss your answer with your partner or in your group.

Scenario A

SCENARIO A: A student prepares and gives a presentation that displays photographs. Permission was not obtained to use the photographs.

QUESTION : Can the photographs be included in the initial presentation, if it is in a traditional classroom?

Scenario B

SCENARIO B: A student creates a presentation and include copyrighted music into the background. Assume that permission was not obtained to use the music for the presentation

QUESTION: Can the music be included in the teacher's or student's initial presentation?

Scenario C

SCENARIO C : Your friend just bought a copy of Microsoft Office 2007 CD and

says it's the best graphic editor he has ever used. You find out it

costs about RM930 and decide it's too expensive for you to buy.

Your friend lends you his Microsoft Office 2007 CD and tells you to

go ahead and install it on your computer.

QUESTION : Is this against copyright rules?

Further Reading

If you have internet access, you may login to the URL given below to test how

much you know about ethics in using computer.

http://www.cyberbee.com/cb_copyright.swf

http://www.thecopyrightsite.org/scenarios/

(This website is available at the time of doing this module)

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Answer

Answer

Answer

http://www.thecopyrightsite.org/scenarios/

http://www.cyberbee.com/cb_copyright.swf


Activity 3

Plagiarism

Plagiarism is copying or paraphrasing information from a source without giving credit

to the owner. Using images, audio, or video without permission or without giving

credit is also plagiarism. Plagiarism is easier today because of the presence of the

Internet and the easy availability of information.

Written permission must be obtained from the owner if you plan to use these files on

a web page. It is permissible to produce a publication or multimedia presentation for

classroom, educational or non-profit purposes as long as credit is given in a

bibliography.

Effects of plagiarism

Plagiarism is a serious academic offence for students. Any use of another person’s

work or ideas must be acknowledged. If you fail to do this, you may fail in the

examination or your name maybe removed from the pass list.

How to avoid Plagiarism

1. Take good notes. Write down the title, the name of the source, the author,

the page number(s), and the date for any language you copy or adapt and

for each piece of information you record.

2. Put quotation marks around any language you reproduce directly from the

source.

3. Put away your source before you begin to write. Read your source, and

then write from your memory. After you write, you can recheck your

paraphrase or summary against the original for accuracy.

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Activity 4

Exercise 3

1. What is Plagiarism?______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

2. List out two points to avoid Plagiarism.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Exercise 4

Instruction : Read the situation given and answer the question that follows.

Situation

Three students from University Malaya referred to McShane and Travaglione’s book for their work. Which student ( A, B or C ) would you count as plagiarism?

Original Text

McShane, S. L. and Travaglione, T. 2003. Organizational behaviour in the Pacific Rim. Sydney: McGraw Hill.

Work motivation and performance increase when employees feel personally accountable for the outcomes of their efforts (McShane and Travaglione, 2003, p.199).

Student A wrote:

“Work motivation and performance increase when employees feel personally accountable for the outcomes of their efforts”. (2003,p.199)

Verdict : ______________________________________________Reason (s) : ______________________________________________

Student B wrote:

When employees feel responsible for their work, they tend to be more motivated which results in higher performances

Verdict : ______________________________________________Reason (s) : ______________________________________________

Student C wrote:

McShane and Travaglione (2001, p.199) state that ‘when employees feel responsible for their work, they tend to be more motivated which results in higher performances’.

Verdict : ______________________________________________Reason (s) : ______________________________________________

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Answer

Answer

Answer


Further Reading

If you have internet access, login to the URL given below to test how much you

know about plagiarism.

http://amow.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/downloads/mods_quiz.pdf.html

(This website is available at the time of doing this module)

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http://amow.boardofstudies.nsw.edu.au/downloads/mods_quiz.pdf.html


References :

Computer Whizzkid (2003) Sri Lanka: NCC education

http://cpsr.org/issues/ethics/cei/

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_ethics

http://etiquette.wikia.com/wiki/Netiquette

http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-computer/

http://www.cmpe.boun.edu.tr/~say/c150/intro/lit10.html

http://www.spscc.ctc.edu/AUP/ethics_in_labs.html

http://www.unmc.edu/library/reference/copyright.html

http://www.usg.edu/legal/copyright/

http://copyright.gov/cires/circ1.html

http://www.copyrightkids.org

http://www.boiseschools.org/cybersafe/ethics.html

http:// webopedia.com/TERM/c/copyright.html

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http://www.unmc.edu/library/reference/copyright.html

http://www.spscc.ctc.edu/AUP/ethics_in_labs.html

http://www.cmpe.boun.edu.tr/~say/c150/intro/lit10.html

http://etiquette.wikia.com/wiki/Netiquette

http://cpsr.org/issues/ethics/cei/

Documents

ICTL Form 2