ICTs as a green technologies for Sustainable DevelopmentICTs as a green technologies for Sustainable Development

- ICT & Climate Change Policies and Actions- - ICT & Climate Change Policies and Actions-

Koichi FujinumaMinistry of Internal Affairs and Communications

JAPAN

ITU Symposium on ICTs, the Environment and Climate Change Accra, Ghana, 7-8 July 2011

Global Warming and ICTGlobal Warming and ICT

Contribute to tackling global warming issues by promoting wider use of ICT

Improved energy efficiency Improved efficiency of production and consumption

Reduced movement of people and products

Environmental measurements and predictions

• ＩＴＳ (Intensive control of ETC, VICS, and traffic lights)• BEMS (Building energy management system)• HEMS (Household energy management system)

• Supply chain management • e-publication and distribution • Paperless office

• Radar for measuring CO2

• Sensing network • Global simulator

• Online shopping, online trading • Telework, TV conferencing• Music, video, and software distribution • e-applications (tax declarations, online receipts)

ICTs themselves produce CO2 emissions due to consumption of electrical power to operate equipment/systems.

On the other hand, ICT usage can contribute to a reduction in CO2 emissions due to a marked improvement in the

efficiency of production, consumption and business, also that of traffic alternatives, and a reduction in traffic volume.

It is possible to make environmental measurements and predictions using ICT.

Use of ICT

General households

Offices/shops

Production/distribution/

transportation

2

The Great East Japan Earthquake 3

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

Near-term electricity supply-demand forecast in TEPCO areas

Power Shortage in JAPANPower Shortage in JAPAN 4

Source: Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry

ICT related solutions

Short-term solution・ Telecommuting・ Visualization of energy consumption

Long-term solution・ Smart meter・ Renewable energy

large-lot power users; midsized and small corporations; and households→ 　 cut electricity use this summer by a uniform 15 percent from a year ago

5

The New Growth Strategy (Cabinet decision) (June, 2010)

Toward becoming the world’s top environment and energy power through　 a comprehensive policy packageJapan will play a leading role in a low-carbon society, having set a Japanese 　 target of reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 25 percent by 2020 compared to the 1990 level; this target is 　 premised on the creation of a fair and effective 　 international framework that includes all major economies and an agreement 　 on ambitious targets by each of them. Under an initiative to be known as 　 “ Challenge 25, ” Japan will mobilize all possible policy tools to advance this 　 initiative together with the Japanese people.

The New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology (May, 2010)

　○ Goals for 2020 Smart grid network shall become a common practice. We shall also see the

home and business sectors reducing CO2 emission as the Information and communications technology-aided zero-energy buildings becomes a reality in typical new homes and in all new public buildings.

Japan’s Climate Policies and Actions (ICT&CC related Issues)Japan’s Climate Policies and Actions (ICT&CC related Issues) 5

MIC‘s　“ICT　Restoration　Vision　2.0” （ April,　2010）

●● 　 By around 2015, achieve 100% of “New

Broadband Super Highway” (all households use

broadband services).

●● 　 Through the “Japan x ICT” strategy, achieve an

annual average potential growth rate of

approximately 2.6% over the next 10 years (2011 –

2020).

●● Achieve CO2 emissions reductions of more than

10% from 1990 levels by 2020 through the ICT.

Build the infrastructure underlying a knowledge and information-based societyBuild the infrastructure underlying a knowledge and information-based society

Maximize Japan’s potentialMaximize Japan’s potential

Make contributions internationally to help solve problems facing the worldMake contributions internationally to help solve problems facing the world

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→ 　 Promote　ICT　green　

project

MIC’s ICT Green Project MIC’s ICT Green Project

Reducing CO2 emissions at companies and homes by

using ICT and making power consumption more efficient

1)Greening of the ICT system itself (Green of ICT)　　　　 ・ Responding to increased power consumption by expanding usage of ICT systems (e.g., R&D to conserve

power in the overall system from carrier equipment to in-home equipment)

2)Greening of other fields through extensive use of ICT (Green by ICT)　　　　　・ E.g., formulation of communication standards for achieving early practical implementation of smart meters　　　　　・ Establishing best practices such as by demonstration testing to promote usage of ICT

1)International cooperation　　　　　・ Establishment of methodologies for evaluating GHG reductions by using ICTs and contribute to International

Organizations.

Carrier data center Communication

network

Office

Home

Reduction of COReduction of CO22 emissions emissions

3)3) 　　 International cooperation International cooperation (e.g., establishing techniques for evaluating effectiveness in reducing CO (e.g., establishing techniques for evaluating effectiveness in reducing CO 22 emissions) emissions)

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Green-of-ICTGreen-of-ICT : R&D on “Green of ICT”: R&D on “Green of ICT”

Reduce power usage of ICT equipment in the home

Reduce power usage of general-purpose routers

Reduce power usage of large routers of carriers

Reduce power usage through optimal control of entire network by carriers

Achieves power savings in entire ICT system from Achieves power savings in entire ICT system from carrier equipment to in-home equipmentcarrier equipment to in-home equipment

Ultra high-speed optical edge node

High-speed, power-saving network node

Power-saving broadband set-up technology

High-reliability, power-saving network control technology to support cloud services

ApplicationTechnology

Sleeping network

Nationwide network of carriers

Control the number of routers used in accordance with the traffic volume

Discovering new ICT technologies to reduce CO2 emissionsDiscovering new ICT technologies to reduce CO2 emissionsthrough a competitive funding systemthrough a competitive funding system

Home Office bldg.

8

Green-of-ICTGreen-of-ICT : Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field: Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field

(1) Equipment　　・ Small routers ・ L2 switches ・ Transport equipment (WDM) ・ PON equipment （ GE-PON ） ・

Broadband base station equipment (WiMAX)・ External power supplies (AC adapters) ・ Server equipment

An estimate based on evaluation indicators was determined on a 5 point scale, and the ranking was indicated by number of stars (★ -★★★★★). Of these, two stars (★★) was taken to be the rank including the standard value.

(2) Data centersFor the moment, PUE was adopted as one indicator of energy conservation at data centers.※

* PUE （ Power Usage Effectiveness) = Power consumption of entire facility/Power consumption of ICT

Evaluation standards for equipment and data centers 　

“Self-evaluation checklist” and “Eco ICT Mark”

Telecommunications carriers evaluate their own efforts to reduce CO2 emissions according to a checklist, and publish the efforts they are making.

If a company describes their specific efforts for all mandatory items, then they can use the “Eco ICT Mark”

Members of the Conference on Environmental Guidelines for the ICT Field

・ Telecommunications Carriers Association ・ Communications and Information Network Association of Japan ・ Telecom Services Association・ ASP and SaaS Industry Consortium ・ Japan Internet Providers Association

　 * MIC participates as an observer.

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Green of ICT: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Data CentersGreen of ICT: Reducing the Environmental Impact of Data Centers

As cloud technology and other forms of ICT advance, data center usage is expected to rise dramatically. This will be accompanied by increased power consumption by data centers. Air conditioning and power distribution account for more than 50% of total data center power consumption. Therefore, by holding down such power consumption, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the entire data center. MIC is working to establish standardized models by conducting highly effective demonstration experiments.

As cloud technology and other forms of ICT advance, data center usage is expected to rise dramatically. This will be accompanied by increased power consumption by data centers. Air conditioning and power distribution account for more than 50% of total data center power consumption. Therefore, by holding down such power consumption, it is possible to reduce the power consumption of the entire data center. MIC is working to establish standardized models by conducting highly effective demonstration experiments.

Heat

Cooling through air conditioners

Cooling through introduction of outside air

　 Air-conditioning method using outside air, and snow and ice,

etc.Data Center in central Tokyo suburbs

PUE1.5 ～ 2.5

Data Center in low-temperature region

PUE1.2 ～ 1.5

High-speed network

Virtualization (shared platform)

PUE/CO2 emissions surveillance/management server

Weather data

Integrated operations and management using cloud technology

電源設備 IT機器内

ＤＣ300V以上

３.３Ｖｅｔｃ．

ＤＣ｜ＤＣ

ＡＣ｜ＤＣ商

用電源 高圧直流受電

CO2

CO2

High-voltage DC power supply system

Conversion loss, small

Ventilation air conditioning

Evaporative air conditioning

Conventional air conditioning

Direct air conditioning

Combinations of different air conditioning methods and their efficient operation

Management server

10Co

mm

erci

al g

rid

Power supply facilities

DC 300V or more

Within IT devices

Heat

Heat

Copyright(c) 2010 日本電信電話株式会社

750

1256

652

597 723

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

2005 2012 2020

x 10

0,00

0,00

0 kW

h

Year

Annual power consumption

　　　　　　　　 Green-of-ICTGreen-of-ICT ： ： Reducing power consumption in the ICT fieldReducing power consumption in the ICT field

◆： No Action case■ ： New Measures case

Communication Communication 440 + 440 + broadcasting 157broadcasting 157

Communication Communication 570 570 + broadcasting 180+ broadcasting 180

Communication Communication 1057 + broadcasting 1991057 + broadcasting 199

Communication Communication 573 573 + broadcasting 150+ broadcasting 150

Communication Communication 502502 + broadcasting + broadcasting 150150

・ In the BaU case (where no additional measures are implemented), total power consumption in the ICT field will rise sharply to over 51 million tons (125.6 billion kWh) by 2020 due to increased ICT usage.

・ In the New Measures case, which includes R&D and demonstration experiments (such as optical communication network technology), ecological ICT equipment and data canters, and promoting cloud computing , power consumption could be cut back to under 30 million tons (72.3 billion kWh).

・ In the BaU case (where no additional measures are implemented), total power consumption in the ICT field will rise sharply to over 51 million tons (125.6 billion kWh) by 2020 due to increased ICT usage.

・ In the New Measures case, which includes R&D and demonstration experiments (such as optical communication network technology), ecological ICT equipment and data canters, and promoting cloud computing , power consumption could be cut back to under 30 million tons (72.3 billion kWh).

* CO* CO22 emission base unit: 0.41 kg-CO emission base unit: 0.41 kg-CO22/kWh/kWh

(51.50 million t-CO2 ）

53.3 billion kWh/yr（ 21.85 million ｔ -CO2 ）

（ 29.66 million t-CO2 ）

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　　　　 Green-by-ICTGreen-by-ICT ： ： Efforts using ICT to reduce CO2 emissionsEfforts using ICT to reduce CO2 emissions

BEMS

Home

Store

Office

Factory

Transportation

Related policies

●●Special Ubiquitous Area Project(Demonstration of environmental home account book using ASP/SaaS, and appliance state monitoring service using PLC etc. )

●●Investigation and demonstration of ITS systems for realizing a low-carbon society

●●Investigation and research on next-generation telecommuting environments

●●Demonstration experiments on shared systems for telecommuting

Etc.

12

HEMS

ＩＴＳ

Ｅ -Commerce

teleworking

Smart grid

Green-by-ICT:　teleworkingGreen-by-ICT:　teleworking 13

7.1 7.610.8

15.719.0 3.2 2.2

3.5

5.24.0

0

5

10

15

20

25

2005年 2006年 2007年 2008年 2009年

具体的導入計画あり

　 We　shall　advance　the　development　of　an　appropriate　environment　and　public　education　to　help　promote　teleworking.　Teleworking　contributes　to　prompting　the　aged　and　physically　impaired　to　engage　with　the　world,　creating　employment　opportunities　for　persons　of　diverse　employment　needs　—　for　example,　women　who　are　forced　to　stay　home　to　raise　their　children　or　to　care　for　someone　—　and　revitalizing　local　communities.　 Timetable: Reach 7 million home-based teleworkers by 2015

Excerpt from “A New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology,” IT Strategic Headquarters, May 11, 2010Excerpt from “A New Strategy in Information and Communications Technology,” IT Strategic Headquarters, May 11, 2010

Teleworkers　accounted　for　15.3　percent　of　the　total　labor　force　in　2009　(“Telework　Population　Survey　2009,”　Ministry　of　Land,　Infrastructure,　Transport　and　Tourism)

Telework　had　been　introduced　at　19.0　percent　of　private　businesses　in　2009　(“Telecommunications　Usage　Trend　Survey　2009,”　Ministry　of　Internal　Affairs　and　Communications)

Reference: State of Telework Adoption in JapanReference: State of Telework Adoption in Japan

Home-based teleworkers: ~3.27 million (2009)

Employed Self-Employed Total Percentage of home-based teleworkers

Have specific telework plans

cloudcloud

　　IPv6 net

work

　　IPv6 net

work

Monitoring/Control center

14

Data center

To support the development of environmentally friendly cities, this project will build and demonstrate ICT system infrastructures suited to local characteristics. The project will establish technical standards for ICT equipments/services necessary to reduce environmental loads, and promote production of local power resources (green energy, etc.) and optimization of consumption.

To support the development of environmentally friendly cities, this project will build and demonstrate ICT system infrastructures suited to local characteristics. The project will establish technical standards for ICT equipments/services necessary to reduce environmental loads, and promote production of local power resources (green energy, etc.) and optimization of consumption.

Green-by-ICT: Demonstration experiments of ICT systems for Smart CommunityGreen-by-ICT: Demonstration experiments of ICT systems for Smart Community　　

Verification of security issues in cloud system

Verification of best approach for management/protection of data in cloud system

Verification of network combination suited to local characteristics Establish necessary

technical standards

In-home network

Points to be demonstrated (Examples)

Radio frequency band available in local area (white space)

Neighborhood network

Wide area network

Data center

Data center

Projects promoting the standardization of integrated network-based control systems

Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture (Tohoku University, etc.)Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environment.

Projects constructing regional ICT system infrastructure that mitigates environmental impact

Rokkasho, Aomori Prefecture (Hirosaki University, etc.)Constructed and demonstrated an ICT system that measures electric power usage with sensors in each home to make electricity usage more efficient and optimal with the use of a system that simulates demand forecasts within a regional network cloud.

Matsuyama, Ehime Prefecture (Kajima Corporation, etc.)Verified technical specifications for home communications in residential districts and verified the potential for a unique Japanese smart grid that targets multiple energy and resource modalities, such as electricity, gas, water, and automobiles.

Kitakyushu, Fukuoka Prefecture (NTT West Japan, etc.)Confirmed the reliability and security of communication networks for community-based energy-management systems, made it possible to visualize energy consumption, and verified the contribution this made on lowering environmental impact.

Kumamoto, Kumamoto Prefecture (Japanese Red Cross Kumamoto Hospital, etc.)Constructed specifications for the visualization of energy consumption and data-based simulation of forecasts of electric power usage in a local community centered on a hospital. Also examined and simulated regional energy storage data systems and electric power transfer systems that will be needed in the future.

List of Selected Projects (Regional Pilot Projects)List of Selected Projects (Regional Pilot Projects)

Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture (Keio University, etc.)Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid).

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Constructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environmentConstructed an ICT system to unify a region where residences and urban functions are spread over a broad area so that people can live in harmony with the natural environment

16

Kurihara was formed with the 2005 merger of nine towns and one village

Kurihara was formed with the 2005 merger of nine towns and one village

市役所

支所

約約2020kmkm市役所

支所

約約2020kmkm

10 municipal offices (administrative functions) are spread out in a 20-kilometer radius of the main town hall

Special characteristics Residences and municipal offices

(administrative functions) are spread over a broad area

Residents near Mt. Kurikoma and other regions are far from any municipal office

Sendai

Tohoku Earthquake (March 11, 2011)magnitude 6: Kurikoma, Semine

~~4040 km (wider in the east-west direction than km (wider in the east-west direction than Tokyo’s 23 wards)Tokyo’s 23 wards)

Example 1. Pilot Project in Kurihara, Miyagi Prefecture

Municipal office

~20 kam Town hall

Emission Reduction

(percentage)

Contributing factors assumed in the calculation of CO2 emission reductions (percentage)

11.2%

Monitoring of energy consumption by ICT systems Cloud (monitoring of energy consumption by

buildings)

Example 2. Pilot Project in Goto, Nagasaki Prefecture

Project Overview: Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid).Project Results:・ Created a best-practice for reducing CO2 emissions within buildings through network-based air conditioning controls・ Developed an international standard for a platform mechanism (a shared platform) that can handle data conversions and integrated databases between normally incompatible systems across many different fields

Project Overview: Centering on a port terminal building, constructed a communication system that integrated various existing but independently standardized technologies (communication networks, communication QoS, security, information appliances, EV/ITS, smart grid).Project Results:・ Created a best-practice for reducing CO2 emissions within buildings through network-based air conditioning controls・ Developed an international standard for a platform mechanism (a shared platform) that can handle data conversions and integrated databases between normally incompatible systems across many different fields

Pilot Project OverviewAir conditioning on/off controls

Input data• RFID data on room entry/exit• Temperature and humidity data• Room-comfort survey data• Predictive simulations↓Cut building’s CO2 emissions by more than 10 percent

HVAC control dataDevices outside

climate-controlled rooms Meters

Electricity data

Shared platform

Resource manage-

ment server

Fukue Port terminal building

Air-flow sensor

Temperature and humidity sensors

Lighting intensity sensor

Environment sensor data(temperature, humidity,

lighting intensity, air flow)

Private communication

network (IP-VPN)

University (remote location)

EV charging data

Charging station

Solar power data

Solar panels

Fukue Port parking lot

17

Emission Reduction (percenta

ge)

Contributing factors assumed in the calculation of CO2

emission reductions (percentage)

15.8%Control of Air conditioning equipment in the Port terminal

Example of Further Regional Deployments Based on the Regional Pilot Projects’ Results 18

Full ICT utilization in homes (i.e., HEMS, visualization of energy consumption)

HEMS and other regional energy network centers

HEMS

Electric appliance data

Energy monitors (devices for viewing energy consumption)Smart meter dataHome fuel cell (FC) data/controls

EV charging data/controls

Lighting controlsHVAC data/controlsRoom temperature/occupancy sensors

HEMS

HEMS

Electric vehicle (EV)

HEMS

BEMS

BEMS

Full ICT utilization in the business sector (i.e., BEMS, FEMS, and SCM)

networking regional systems

Smart community

Coordination of clean energy sources and EV systems

Smartphone monitoring/controls

Fast-charging station

EV car-sharing

Solar power data

Housing complex cloud center

Evaluation Field Application

2020（ BaU ）

2020（ New Measure Case ）

10000 ｔ -CO2

Percentage （％）

10000 ｔ -CO2

Percentage （％）

E-commerce(B2C)

Online shopping 805 0.6 805 0.6 e-tickets for air travel 7 0.0 7 0.0 Purchasing of event and other tickets at convenience stores 6 0.0 6 0.0

ATM terminals 598 0.5 598 0.5

E-commerce(B2B)Online trading 605 0.5 1456 1.2 Supply chain management 2289 1.8 2289 1.8 Second-hand market 644 0.5 1863 1.5

Digital Content

Music content 213 0.2

653 0.5Video content 119 0.1Computer software 97 0.1Newspapers/magazines 165 0.1Digital patient records - - 84 0.1 Paperless office - - 130 0.1

Passenger transportTeleworking 77.2 0.1 103 0.1 Video-conferences 1169 0.9 1181 0.9 Remote monitoring of vending machines 2 0.0 2 0.0

Automobile traffic ITS(Intelligent Transportation system) 1220 1.0 1332 1.1

E-government (national and local)

Electronic tender processes 6 0.0 6 0.0 e-applications—tax returns 25 0.0 25 0.0 e-applications—online statements 2 0.0 2 0.0

Energy usageBEMS,HEMS 1430 1.1 2393 1.9 Smart grids (other than above) - - 2240 1.8 Optimized motor control - - 370 0.3

Total 9480 7.5 15545 12.3 Note)a　percentage　of　total　greenhouse　gas　emissions　in　Japan　for　1990Note)a　percentage　of　total　greenhouse　gas　emissions　in　Japan　for　1990

At current ICT usage levels (i.e., BaU case), a CO2 reduction of around 95 million tons would be achieved in 2020. This could be boosted to 150 million tons such as by installation of smart grids, BEMS/HEMS, and paperless office systems in a range of industries (the New Measures case).

At current ICT usage levels (i.e., BaU case), a CO2 reduction of around 95 million tons would be achieved in 2020. This could be boosted to 150 million tons such as by installation of smart grids, BEMS/HEMS, and paperless office systems in a range of industries (the New Measures case).

Green-by-ICT: Estimate CO2 Emission reduction through the Green-by-ICT: Estimate CO2 Emission reduction through the use of ICTuse of ICT

19

% r

elat

ive

to t

otal

CO

2 e

mis

sion

s in

Jap

an in

FY

1990

2.4 ％ 2.4 ％

4.1 ％

7.5 ％

5.4 ％

-14.0

-12.0

-10.0

-8.0

-6.0

-4.0

-2.0

0.0

2.0

4.0

6.0

2012 2020 Additional measures in 202012.3%

BaU* New measures*

30 million ｔ -CO2 30 million ｔ -CO2

CO2 emissions from the use of CO2 emissions from the use of ICT devicesICT devices (Green (Green of ICT) of ICT)

51 million t-CO2

CO2 emission reduction by the CO2 emission reduction by the utilization of ICTutilization of ICT (Green by ICT)(Green by ICT)

155 million ｔ -CO295 million ｔ -CO268 million t-CO2 Net CO2 emissions

due to ICT = 125 million t-CO2 (10%)

Estimate of reductions in CO2 emissionsEstimate of reductions in CO2 emissions

○ Green by ICT ICT can potentially reduce CO2 emissions by up to 155 million tons in 2020. This is equivalent

to a 12.3% reduction in total emissions relative to 1990 levels in JAPAN. ○ Green of ICT In terms of the amount of CO2 generated by ICT equipment, new strategies are expected to

reduce CO2 emissions to around 30 million tons, roughly equivalent to CO2 emissions in 2012.

○ Green by ICT ICT can potentially reduce CO2 emissions by up to 155 million tons in 2020. This is equivalent

to a 12.3% reduction in total emissions relative to 1990 levels in JAPAN. ○ Green of ICT In terms of the amount of CO2 generated by ICT equipment, new strategies are expected to

reduce CO2 emissions to around 30 million tons, roughly equivalent to CO2 emissions in 2012.

Electric power consumption rate: 0.41 kg-CO2/kWh

BaU: Business as Usual (Green of ICT): No new measures to reduce CO2 from ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage (by ICT) maintained at current levelsNew measures: New effective measures taken to reduce CO2 generated by ICT equipment ; assumes ICT usage expands into other fields, with maximum effort

made to promote usage of ICT

CO2 emissions from all ICT fields, and reduction effect in CO2 emissions through utilization of ICT

20

ICTs contribute to energy saving in various socio economic activities

○○Sharing of best practices for ICT usage from the viewpoint of energy saving Sharing of best practices for ICT usage from the viewpoint of energy saving ○○Developing methodologies to evaluate ICT’s contribution to mitigating Developing methodologies to evaluate ICT’s contribution to mitigating environmental loadsenvironmental loads

ConclusionConclusion 21