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IDENTIFICATION OF WOOD
EXTRACTIVES FROM POPULUS
MAXIMOWICZII
LEWANDOWSKA ANNA ,
SZADKOWSKA DOMINIKA , SZADKOWSKI JAN, WITCZAK ADRIAN ,
ZIELENKIEWICZ TOMASZ , RADOMSKI ANDRZEJ
Warsaw University of Life Sciences
Faculty of Wood Technology
Biofuels
II generation
Bioethanol - obtained from the preparation processes of
lignocellulosic biomass (with the exception of the raw
materials intended for human consumption) by
advanced hydrolysis and fermentation processes
Biogas
Biodiesel
Biohydrogen
Phot. E. Archanowicz
The chemical composition of
woodStructural components:
•cellulose
•hemicelluloses
O-acetyl-O-methyl-glucuronoxylan
•ligninI – p-coumaryl alcohol
II – coniferyl alcohol
III – synapinyl alcohol
The chemical composition of
woodNon structural:
•hydrocarbonsmonotherpens, sesquitherpens, ditherpens, tritherpens
•Fatty acidsFree acids, fats, waxes
•alcoholssteroles and theirs esthers (waxes)
•Aromatic hydrocarbons
•Phenolic substances•tannins
•hydrolising (gallic and ellagic acids)
•flavonoids, condensed tannins (base structure C6C3C6)
•stilbens, (base structure C6C2C6)
•lignans, (base structure (C6C3)
•Resin acids (ditherpenoids)
•tropolons (ring C7)
Phenols substances
benzyl
alcohol
p-hydroxybenzaldehyde
acid p-cumaric
Syryngyl
aldehyde
2-phenylethanol
Acethyl vanilin
genthyzyl
alcohol
Pherulic acid
Fatty acids
The largest amount occurs in the form of triglycerides, waxes,
and also esters of therpene alcohols (Fengel i Wegener 2003).
linoleic acid
oleic acid
lignoceric acid
Steroles
Kostamo et al. in 2004, found that plant sterols can interfere
with the hormonal systems of aquatic organisms.
β-sitosterol
citrostadienol
β-sitosterol glicozide
Extractives in Populus (Salicaceae)overview:
• There is no tannins in poplar wood, but in bark there is about 2%
•Phenolic glycosides are important group in leaves and bark
•Extractives from bark and leaves have often antibacterial
properties
• Trichocarpin is an important resistance factor on degradation
in poplar bark
•Pyrocatechol is fungicidal factor
•Presence of steroles for example β-sitosterol and citrostadienol is
characteristic for poplar
Aim
The aim of this study was to assess which
substances or groups of substances
acknowledged as inhibitors of
enzymatic hydrolysis may be separated
with extraction methods. GCMS method
was applied for the analysis.
Methods
Wood particles from Populus
maximowiczii: 0,43-1,02 mm
Solvent extraction:
hot water- ethyl alcohol-
cyclohexane
cyclohexane- ethyl alcohol-
hot water
GCMS analysis
Results from GCMS
Water
Water, ethanol
Water, ethanol, cyclohexane
1) 2H-Pyran-2-one 2) Butanal3) 2-Pentene4) Heptanal5) 1-Propyne6) Ethyl iso-allocholate7) Glycerol 1-palmitate8) Stigmastan-3,5-diene9) Benzoic acid10) Phenol11) Ethanone12) Spiro[androst-5-ene-17,1'-cyclobutan]-2'-one13) 9,19-Cyclolanostan-3-ol14) Coprostan-16.beta.-ol15) Propane
16) Tetradecanamide ; 17) 9-Octadecenamide ; 18) Glycerol19) 9-Octadecenamide ; 20) Stigmastan-3,5-diene
Results from GCMS
cyclohexane
cyclohexane, ethanol
cyclohexane, ethanol, water
1) Beta.-Sitosterol
2) Stigmast-4-en-3-
one
3) Benzaldehyde
4) 2-Pentene
5) 4,22-
Stigmastadiene-
3-one
6) Olean-12-en-3-
one
7) Stigmast-4-en-3-
one
8) Stigmasta-3,5-
dien-7-one
Conclusions
Removing sterols seems to demand
cyclohexane as a extraactive solvent
Ethanol is the best solvent to remove lignin
degradation products
Enzymatic hydrolysis experiments are necessary
to confirm dependence of hydrolysis rate
on extractives content.
Preferable methods of removing extractives use
water as commonly available solvent
Alcohol for extraction can be taken from
fermentation products, with recycling the solvent
during rectification.
Investigations financed in BIOSTRATEG2/298241/10/NCBR/2016 project “Intelligent systems for breeding and cultivation of wheat, maize and poplar for optimized biomass production, biofuels and
modified wood” by National Centre of Research and Development
PBS1/A8/16/2013 "The use of poplar lines with increased growth of biomass and improved chemical composition of wood in paper and biofuel technology"