Identify the direct and/or indirect object in each.

Drought destroyed the crops. The journalist interviewed the

astronauts before and after their flight.

Ms. Cruz showed our class a video about Moorish architecture.

The animal trainer fed the bears fish.

ConventionsStandards: *ELA10W1,4.f

*ELA10C1.a,b,c

The Components and Elements ofConventions

Domain Components

Elements 1. In the Domain of Conventions,

there are three main components: Sentence Formation, Usage, and Mechanics.

2. Within each component, there are several specific elements.

3. In general, the components of Sentence Formation and Usage are weighted more heavily in determining the overall Conventions score.

4. Using the scoring rubrics appropriately requires reading for Competence. This means looking for a demonstration of the writer’s ability to control the components, not tallying errors.

What is a sentence? A sentence is a group of words

that expresses a complete thought.

A sentence must have a subject-verb relationship.

Are these sentences? Yes or No1.Trees are the largest of green

plants2.A giant cactus tree of the desert

What are the kinds of sentences?

A declarative sentence, or statement, is a sentence that tells something

An exclamatory sentence is a sentence that expresses strong or sudden feeling.

An interrogative sentence, or question, is a sentence that asks something.

An imperative sentence is a sentence that expresses a request or demand.

Sentence Elements

The natural order of the main elements in a sentence is usually the following: subject, verb, object, or subjective complement.

Ex. The shoes are muddy.

The Subject

The subject of a sentence is the word that names the person, thing, place, or idea about which something is being said.

The sky glows.

The Predicate

The predicate is the part of the sentence that tells what the subject is doing or what the subject is. It contains the verb of the sentence.

Maria won the election easily.

The Verb

The verb of a sentence is a word or phrase that expresses the action or state of being of the subject.

Did she write it?

The Object

The direct object is the word that receives the action expressed by the verb.Bert earned the money.

The indirect object is the word that names to whom or for whom an action is done. (comes before the direct object in a sentence)Ardell knitted Meg these gloves.

Subjective Complement

Subjective complements are predicate nominatives and predicate adjectives.The predicate nominative is a noun or pronoun that completes the verb and refers to the same person, place, or thing as the subject.

Ex. It was they who called.The predicate adjective is a word that completes the verb and modifies, or describes the subject.

Ex. That must have been exciting.

Complements

Read and complete pages 591-595 (Exercise 3)

Punctuation Sentence Endings

- Period: used for a complete thought in declarative and imperative sentences

• I want to become a carpenter. • Go outside and play.

- Question mark: used to indicate and complete an interrogative sentence

*Will you enroll in a trade school?- Exclamation point: used to end an interjection and exclamatory sentence

*How interesting it is to work with wood!*Wow! That was fun.

Punctuation Continued

Commas- separate items in a series: adjectives, verbs, phrases, adverbs, or clauses.

- set off dependent clauses: Before the car came, Dorry brushed her teeth.

- set off appositives: Kelvin, our president, saved the day.

-show direct address: Lora, you have always been my friend.

Punctuation Continued

Commas continued

-follow days in dates (year, in running text): October 15, 1998.

-separate city and state (and after state in running text): Dalton, Georgia,

-follow in salutations and closings of letters: Dear Raul, Sincerely, Mike

-divide independent clauses that are joined by a coordinating conjunction, such as and, but, for, or, nor, or yet: The ballgame was a disaster, and we both knew it.

-comma after words introducing a quotation (such as said or replied) unless the quotation is preceded by a conjunction such as whether or that : Mary said, “Hi.”

Punctuation

Pages 842-844 Exercise one

Dependent Clause

A dependent clause (also embedded clause, subordinate clause) cannot stand alone as a sentence. A dependent clause is usually attached to an independent clause. Although a dependent clause contains a subject and a predicate, it sounds incomplete when standing alone. Some grammarians use the term subordinate clause as a synonym for dependent clause, but in the majority of grammars, subordinate clause refers only to adverbial dependent clauses.

Ex. Diane felt manipulated by her beagle, Santana, whose big, brown eyes pleaded for another cookie.

Independent clause

An independent clause (or main clause, matrix clause) is a clause that can stand by itself, also known as a simple sentence. Independent clauses contain a subject and a predicate. Multiple independent clauses can be joined by using a semicolon or a comma plus a coordinating conjunction (for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so).

Ex. I am a bus driver, and my wife is a lawyer. (compound sentence made up of two independent clauses

Appositives

An appositive is a noun or noun phrase that renames another noun right beside it. The appositive can be a short or long combination of words. Look at these examples:

Ex. The insect, a cockroach, is crawling across the kitchen table.

PUNCTUATION CONTINUED

Semicolon-joins two equal sentence elements that could be sentences on their own:

Ex. The oak leaves fell on me; I knew I was home.

Punctuation continued

Apostrophe – shows possession- for singular nouns: add-’s (boy’s hat), exception: oneself (not one’s self)-for plural nouns that end in –s: add – (the girls’ uniforms)-compound nouns: add – ‘s to the last word (a son-in-law’s letter)-plural nouns that don’t end in –s: add-’s ( the crowd’s roar)

Punctuation continued…

Quotation Marks- show exact words someone said: She asked, “Who is in charge?”-enclose the title of short stories, short poems, and essays: “The Gift of the Magi”

Sentence Structure

The simple sentence has one subject and one verb.

Ex. John ran. John and Bill heard the explosion and ran. The compound sentence is made

up of two or more simple sentences that are usually connected by the conjunctions or, and, or but. Ex. You must hurry, or we will be late.

I have tickets, but I can’t go to the game.

Sentence Structure continued

The complex sentence is made up of a main clause and one or more dependent clauses.Ex. When she spoke, I jumped. The answer that he gave was right.

Can you name and give an example of each part of speech?

Count yourselves off in ones and twos.

Pair up Ones come up with the

definitions. Twos come up with the

examples. YOU HAVE SIX MINUTES!!!