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Identifying Gaps in Local Community Economic Development Capacity in Atlantic Canada. Erin Edmundson · Jean-François Frenette. Overview. Literature Review Fieldwork Communities visited Results & Discussion Common themes Recommendations. CED Definitions. ACOA & CED. Literature Review. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
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Identifying Gaps in Local Identifying Gaps in Local Community Economic Community Economic Development CapacityDevelopment Capacity
in Atlantic Canadain Atlantic Canada
Erin EdmundsonErin Edmundson · Jean-François Frenette· Jean-François Frenette
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OverviewOverview
• Literature Review
• Fieldwork– Communities visited
• Results & Discussion– Common themes– Recommendations
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CED DefinitionsCED Definitions
Community Economic Development
Community Economic Development Capacity
Community Economic Development Capacity Building
“CED is a process, not an end in itself. It provides a forum for which interested parties can join together in partnership arrangement to create new jobs and promote economic activity in a well-defined economic area.” (Savoie, 2000)
CED capacity is the ability to promote economic activity by coordinating and utilizing the assets available within one’s community. Assets are not only economic, but natural, social, human, political, cultural, built and financial in scope.
“[Increasing] the capacity of the community to establish and sustain a viable local economy. It enhances a community’s ability to respond to economic change and fosters the integration of economic, social and environmental objectives.” (Conference Board of Canada, 2000)
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ACOA & CEDACOA & CED
ACOA Community Development Vision & Outcome
Pan-Atlantic Framework for Community Development
Scope of work - Research and Analysis
“ACOA’s vision is to create viable and sustainable Atlantic Canadian communities that have the resources and capacity to take full responsibility and accountability for their own economic development.”
“Improved community economic infrastructure and strategic planning capacity leading to greater employment opportunities and economic growth in the Atlantic Region.”
“The primary focus of the framework will be to ensure that ACOA investments through all funding streams work together to support the ongoing work of communities and the region in achieving strategic economic development goals.”…” to ensure a cohesive, holistic, integrated approach to investments with the flexibility to respond to regional and community differences.”
• Best practices in Community Development with an emphasis on policies and programs targeting economic development in various communities.• Gap analysis of community development capacity and programs at work in Atlantic Canada.• Identify the key elements to be included in a Community Development framework for Atlantic Canada.
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LiteratureLiterature ReviewReview
CED Capacity Key Elements
“Community Capitals: A Tool for Evaluating Strategic Interventions and Projects” Flora, Emery, Fey and Bregendahl
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Literature ReviewLiterature ReviewCapitalCapital CED Capacity indicatorsCED Capacity indicators
HumanHuman Skills and education, volunteerism
SocialSocial Leadership, collaboration
PoliticalPolitical Elected officials support/help
NaturalNatural Natural resources, landscape
CulturalCultural Values, heritage, celebration
BuiltBuilt Infrastructure, buildings
EconomicEconomic Economic health/circumstances
FinancialFinancial Access to capital, tax base
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The following represent examples of CED capacity gaps:
• Strategic planning
• Collaboration
• Infrastructure
• etc.
CED Capacity Gaps?CED Capacity Gaps?
CED Capacity GapsCED Capacity Gaps
“The missing elements communities need to reach their full CED potential.”
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MethodologyMethodology
FieldworkFieldwork
• Communities Studied– Community Categories– Community Selection
• Interviews– Community Profiles– CED Capacity– CED Capacity Gaps
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Communities StudiedCommunities StudiedCategory Number
Category Communities
1 Rural/Remote Community/ Suffered Economic Shock
Borden-Carleton, Borden-Carleton, Grand Manan,Grand Manan,St. AnthonySt. Anthony
2 Rural/Remote Community/No Economic Shock
Woodstock, Tignish, Woodstock, Tignish, AntigonishAntigonish
3 Rural Community Adjacent to Urban Area/Suffered Economic Shock
Sydney MinesSydney Mines
4 Rural Community Adjacent to Urban Area/No Economic Shock
BouctoucheBouctouche
5 Francophone Community Tracadie-Sheila,Tracadie-Sheila, ChChéticampéticamp
6 Aboriginal Community Millbrook,Millbrook, Conne RiverConne River
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Communities StudiedCommunities StudiedCategory Number
Category Communities
1 Rural/Remote Community/ Suffered Economic Shock
St. AnthonySt. Anthony
2 Rural/Remote Community/No Economic Shock
TignishTignish
3 Rural Community Adjacent to Urban Area/Suffered Economic Shock
Sydney MinesSydney Mines
4 Rural Community Adjacent to Urban Area/No Economic Shock
MillbrookMillbrook
5 Francophone Community Tracadie-SheilaTracadie-Sheila
6 Aboriginal Community Conne RiverConne River
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Communities StudiedCommunities Studied
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Community Category 1Community Category 1
St. Anthony, NL
• CED Success Stories
• CED Capacity
• Identifying CED Gaps
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St. Anthony, NLSt. Anthony, NL
CapitalCapital CED Capacity CED Capacity evidenceevidence
HumanHuman Increasing skills base
SocialSocial Council and SABRI dedicated to CED
PoliticalPolitical Strong town council
NaturalNatural Northern NL—easy worldwide shipping access
CulturalCultural L’Anse au Meadows
BuiltBuilt Cold Storage, wharf
EconomicEconomic Community quota
FinancialFinancial ~$1.5M annually from shrimp royalty
Key Success Factors
• Innovation
• Committed groups
• Paid CED Manager
Community Capacity Gaps
• Communication
• Limited leaders
• Youth
• Rivalry between communities
Economic Performance from 1996-2001
• Earnings increased ~ 32%
• Unemployment rate changed from 17.6% to 17.4%
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Community Category 2Community Category 2
Tignish, PEI
• CED Success
• CED Capacity
• Identifying CED Gaps
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Tignish, PEITignish, PEI
CapitalCapital CED Capacity CED Capacity evidenceevidence
HumanHuman Leadership, paid manager
SocialSocial Co-operatives, collaboration
PoliticalPolitical Municipal government
NaturalNatural Fishing, Irish moss, wind energy
CulturalCultural French/Irish, Catholics, heritage
BuiltBuilt Coastal drive
EconomicEconomic Service centre, locally owned businesses
FinancialFinancial Government funding, Credit Union
Key Success Factors
• Tignish Initiatives Corporation
• Co-operatives
• Tignish Centennial Arena
Community Capacity Gaps
• Research/Planning
• Regional thinking
• CED umbrella
• Skills development
Economic Performance from 1996-2001
• Earnings decreased ~7%
• Unemployment rate changed from 16.2% to 17.6%
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Community Category 3Community Category 3
Sydney Mines, Cape Breton, NS
• CED Success
• CED Capacity
• Identifying CED Gaps
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Sydney Mines, NSSydney Mines, NS
CapitalCapital CED Capacity CED Capacity evidenceevidence
HumanHuman Volunteers
SocialSocial Leadership, community groups, partnerships
PoliticalPolitical MLA, CBRM
NaturalNatural Fossils, mining history
CulturalCultural Museum, annual festival
BuiltBuilt Revitalized infrastructure
EconomicEconomic High business survival rate
FinancialFinancial Funding (ECBC, CBCEDA)
Key Success Factors
• Sydney Mines Renewal Association
• Sydney Mines Heritage Society
• Community Centre
Community Capacity Gaps
• Knowledge of government programs
• Community groups skills development
• Strategic planning and collaboration
Economic Performance from 1996-2001
• Earnings increased ~13%
• Unemployment rate changed from 26.2% to 21%
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Community Category 4Community Category 4
Millbrook, NS
• CED Success
• CED Capacity
• Identifying CED Gaps
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Millbrook First Nations, NSMillbrook First Nations, NS
CapitalCapital CED Capacity evidenceCED Capacity evidence
HumanHuman Skills level is increasing as many youth attend post-secondary
SocialSocial Innovative Band Council, Community buy-in
PoliticalPolitical Innovative Band Council Structure
NaturalNatural Near Halifax International Airport, Located on HWY102
CulturalCultural First Nations Heritage
BuiltBuilt Truro Power Centre, wharf/fishing boats
EconomicEconomic Many partnerships with Power Center businesses
FinancialFinancial Large annual profit re-invested in community
Key Success Factors
• Band Council Initiative
• Trust in Band Council
• Location
Community Capacity Gaps
• Mentorship
• Skills development
• Planning
Economic Performance from 1996-2001
• Earnings increased ~20%
• Unemployment changed from 10.9% to 18.2%
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Community Category 5Community Category 5
Tracadie-Sheila, NB
• CED Success
• CED Capacity
• Identifying CED Gaps
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Tracadie-Sheila, NBTracadie-Sheila, NB
CapitalCapital CED Capacity CED Capacity evidenceevidence
HumanHuman Leadership, skills
SocialSocial Community groups, collaboration
PoliticalPolitical Municipality, MLA
NaturalNatural Fisheries, forestry, beaches, rivers
CulturalCultural Acadian, heritage, festivals
BuiltBuilt Infrastructure, industrial park
EconomicEconomic Regional service centre
FinancialFinancial Government funding, investors
Key Success Factors
• Shareholders grouping
• Development Agencies
• Tourism and Culture
Community Capacity Gaps
• Strategic planning
• Information sharing
• Limited volunteer base
Economic Performance from 1996-2001
• Earnings increased ~19%
• Unemployment rate changed from 17.9% to 16.5%
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Community Category 6Community Category 6
Conne River, NL
• CED Success
• CED Capacity
• Identifying CED Gaps
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Conne River, NLConne River, NL
CapitalCapital CED Capacity CED Capacity evidenceevidence
HumanHuman Skills and education
SocialSocial Strong leadership, band council, community cohesion, collaboration
PoliticalPolitical Band accountability, Federal support
NaturalNatural Fisheries, outfitting, aquaculture, nature park
CulturalCultural Powwow grounds, Arts & Exploration Centre, Crafts
BuiltBuilt Community services
EconomicEconomic Low band unemployment, high average income
FinancialFinancial Ability to access funding, band owned businesses
Key Success Factors
• Leadership
• Skills and education
• Cultural & traditional values
Community Capacity Gaps
• Cultural understanding
• Band regulations
• Area population declining
• Tourism Infrastructure
Economic Performance from 1996-2001
• Earnings increased by ~3%
• Unemployment changed from 39% to 44%
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Results & DiscussionResults & Discussion
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CapitalCapital CED Capacity ElementsCED Capacity Elements
HumanHuman Skills & Education: post-secondary institutions, entrepreneurship spirit; Volunteerism
SocialSocial Leadership: Committed groups, innovation, paid CED manager; Partnerships; Cooperatives
PoliticalPolitical Support from all levels of government; Government led initiatives
NaturalNatural Location: Tourism traffic, transportation corridor or isolation; Natural resources: fisheries, forest, wind, parks
CulturalCultural Tourism & Heritage opportunities: Festivals, museums
BuiltBuilt Revitalized infrastructure: roads, sidewalks, Internet access
EconomicEconomic Service centre; Market forces; Strong industries
FinancialFinancial Funding: access to capital, investors, Credit Unions
Overall Success FactorsOverall Success Factors
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CapitalCapital CED Capacity GapsCED Capacity Gaps
HumanHuman *Skills development: Labour force, CED practitioners; Out-migration of youth
SocialSocial *Planning: strategic planning, research; *Funding: understanding the funding system, applying for funding; *3C’s; Limited volunteer base;
PoliticalPolitical *Funding: Renewed funding
NaturalNatural N/A
CulturalCultural N/A
BuiltBuilt *Infrastructure
EconomicEconomic N/A
FinancialFinancial Funding: Tax base, *No paid CED manager
Overall GapsOverall Gaps
*Gaps which fall under ACOA’s mandate
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BUTBUT…
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Atlantic Canadian SuccessesAtlantic Canadian Successes
Leadership– All communities have
groups or individuals dedicated to CED
– New ideas have brought prosperity to many Atlantic Canadian communities
– The presence of a paid CED manager guarantees dedicated hours toward CED
Location– Those communities on a
transportation corridor have a opportunity to use their strategic location to their advantage
Other– Entrepreneurial spirit has
created many opportunities for economic growth
– Through fostering healthy partnerships, many groups can learn from each other
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Atlantic Canadian GapsAtlantic Canadian Gaps
Strategic Planning– Many have Regional
Strategic Plans, but few at the community level
3C’s– Between CED groups– Between groups/
communities and REDO’s– Between communities and
other surrounding communities
Out-migration of Youth– Few students are returning
to their rural homes after post-secondary
Volunteers– Limited volunteer base,
causing many volunteers to sit on multiple boards and committees
Few Paid CED Managers – Limited communities had a
paid CED manager
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Rural/Remote/Shock (1)
(a) Successes1. Leadership
– Committed Individuals/Groups– Paid CED manager– Innovation
2. Location– Tourism traffic
(b) Gaps1. Funding
– Applying for funding2. Out-migration of youth3. Limited volunteer base4. Skills development
– Labour force
Rural/Remote/No Shock (2)
(a) Successes1. Leadership
– Committed individuals/groups– Paid CED manager
2. Location– Service centre– Transport corridor– Tourism traffic
(b) Gaps1. 3C’s2. Planning
– Strategic planning 3. Infrastructure
Remote CommunitiesRemote Communities
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Rural/Adjacent/Shock (3)
(a) Successes1. Leadership
– Committed groups
2. Community cohesion
(b) Gaps1. Planning
– Strategic planning
2. Funding
– Applying for funding
3. 3C’s
4. Out-migration of youth
5. Skills development.
Adjacent CommunitiesAdjacent CommunitiesRural/Adjacent/No Shock (4)
(a) Successes1. Leadership
– Committed groups/individuals
2. Location– Service centre
(b) Gaps1. Out-migration of youth
2. Limited volunteer base
3. Planning– Strategic planning
4. 3C’s
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Atlantic Canada Community Profiles
• Search by Regional Map
• Search by Region
• Search by Community
Region
Community
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Please select province
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New Brunswick
Please select region
ChaleurChaleur
37Please select community
Chaleur
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40
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Belledune, N.-B.
Next
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Belledune, N.-B.
Etc.Find community category
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Community CategoryBelledune, N.-B.
Rural/Urban AdjacentShock: Yes
Similar communities
Sydney Mines(77.2%)
Community “X”(64.9%)
Etc…
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Community Capacity
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Community Capacity
Submit
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Individual CommunitiesIndividual Communities
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
Gaps
Capacity
Types of CapitalTypes of Capital
Level
Level
Individual CED Capacity Successes and Gaps ModelExample: Community “X”
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ConsiderationsConsiderationsOf the communities studied:Of the communities studied:• Almost all communities lack volunteers and the burden always
seems to fall on the same people.• Almost all successful communities have found their identity and built
upon it.• Half of the communities with REDO’s have not developed their own
independent CED groups.• One third of the communities have been successful in recycling
assets through CED projects.• Communities with a paid CED manager seem to have a better
understanding of CED.• Most communities (or groups) struggle with the funding process.• Furthermore, when assessing CED capacity gaps:
– The needs of Francophone communities do not appear to be different than those of English speaking communities
– The needs of Aboriginal communities may go beyond those of other communities
• Limitations: Need for more comprehensive research
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Community Informants Community Informants RecommendationsRecommendations
– Make the funding application process more user-friendly and educate community leaders, CED groups and other potential users on the programs available.
– Provide facilitators to communities to teach CED groups about strategic planning, etc.
– Provide funding for projects for more than one year. Sometimes a year isn’t long enough for projects to stand on their own.
– Avoid cookie cutter approaches to CED.
– Assist with “sister communities”– pair struggling communities with a similar successful community.
– Invest in access to training programs for CED practitioners.
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– Rethink the 10% contribution from small communities who have goals, visions, plans.
– Try to align requirements of provincial governments and ACOA to avoid duplication (often many similar studies have to be completed for each government level, but one document is not transferable to each).
– Increase level of relationship with other two levels of government when developing and/or delivering programs.
– Try to reduce the number of projects that have to focus on bettering the environment—projects that don’t damage the environment should be considered too.
Community Informants Community Informants Recommendations continued…Recommendations continued…
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RecommendationsRecommendations
1. There are a number of Capacity Gaps in Atlantic Canada that ACOA could focus on. These include: Communication, Cooperation, Coordination; Planning; the Funding Process; Lack of Volunteers; Skills Development.
2. CED capacity in Atlantic Canadian communities should be assessed using a model that would allow for a more systematic approach. This could help focus on strengths, identify gaps, and tailor approaches to communities’ specific needs.
3. A clearer role for the REDOs’ responsibilities in CED capacity in Atlantic Canada is required.
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Remember each community is unique, and its individual characteristics must be taken into consideration– How do we approach CED strategically, while keeping this fact
in mind?
There is a need to assess CED groups’ capacity before and after they receive funding (during funding as well)– How should this be addressed without incurring further “red
tape”?
Communities find it difficult to know where to turn to for funding– How do we educate the public (groups involved in CED) about
CED programs available?
ConclusionsConclusions
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Many communities would like to increase their volunteer base but few have specific plans in place– Can ACOA encourage participation in CED groups (through leadership
skills development, mentorship programs, etc.)?
Most capacity gaps are found in social capital– What should ACOA’s role be in developing the capacities necessary for
CED development outside of financial, economic and built capacities?
Many communities identified political capital as an important element in CED capacity– What is the appropriate role for political players in building CED
capacity?
Many government departments should be involved in building the capacity of communities– How should ACOA coordinate its capacity building initiatives with
others?
Conclusions continued…Conclusions continued…
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