154
THE PREPARATION OF SLIDES FOR STUDY OF SHORTHAND. A Thesis Pr2sented to the Division of Business Education Kansas State Teac;-lers College of Empori a :;, Par t i a1 FuIf i 11 men t 0-,- -.:ne R2quirements for tr,e Degree Master of Science by :-J. Jean Gerardi August 1972

I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

  • Upload
    others

  • View
    1

  • Download
    0

Embed Size (px)

Citation preview

Page 1: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

THE PREPARATION OF SLIDES FOR

I~DIVIOUA~IZED STUDY OF

SHORTHAND

A Thesis

Pr2sented to

the Division of Business Education

Kansas State Teac-lers College of Empori a

Par t i a1 FuIf i 11 men t

0-- -ne R2quirements for tre Degree

Master of Science

by

-J Jean Gerardi --~

August 1972

~KmiddotCS~f ltApproved for 1h jOr[)ipartment

~ ~lu ----

I _~ I

j t ~~ l J I _ _ J

rr 327686

TABLE Of CONTENTS

PAGE LIST CF ~~3~~S v

Ch3p ter

1 INTRC~UCTION

The Problem

Statement of the Problem 1

I~portance of the Study 2

Delimitations of the Study 3

Definitions of Terms 4

Automatization 4

Individualized Study 5

Most-Used Words 5

MethoGs of Procedure 5

2 REVI EvJ OF RELATED LITERATURE 7

Remedi a1 Study shy 7

Time Factor in the Classroom 8

Psychological Implications 8

Individualized Study 8

Skinnerls Theory of Learnin9 10

Teaching-Learning Process 11

Inculcating Behavior 11

Shorthand Theory 12

Post Office Department State Abbreviations 13

iii

iv

Chapter PAGE

500 Most-US2G Words 14

lt 1 ices 15

Transpare~cy Fil~ 15

Slides ~nd Slide-~~king Materials 17

Care of S1-1 des 17

Eouioment Sa~rces 18

3 T~~ PREPARATION Of SHORT~AND SLIDES 20

Transparency Film 20

IVlateria1 Costs 21

Mas ter Sheets 22

Mounting the Slides 24

Coding the Slides 25

Storing the Slides 28

4 SU~MARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29

Summary 29

Conclusions 32

Recommenda ti ons 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

APPENDIXES 38

A ~aSt2r Sheets for the Preparation of Film 38

B Mounts film and Codes 126

C Film Samples 130

D Manufacturers and Distributors of Equipment and Supplies 136

LIST Of TABLES

--aoles Page

1 ~a~~~actlrers and Distributors af Slides Film 3i~d~~g Sorting and Mounting Equipment and S~~JJ ~ - 25 137

2 ~~nufact~rers and Distributors of Slide Projectors 138

3 Code System Used to Keep Slides in Sequence When Filing in Carousels 26

v

Chap~er 1

ITROJUCTION

-~ concept of indivh1izction of instruction is one of the most

p2vaS-V2 ~i~C~~2S dominatin r~2middotC2n elcat~on during the last decade It

bcr oJIUC01 r I Oi-hoY UJIl_J gt---S Il~_r ~gtr-~--r nfluence or greater N1o la1 -rO--~ 01 r~II QLshy

~~~JC~ u~on the development of ~G~ern eG~cational programs and the impleshy

~2~~a~~on of instructional changes II

i The teacher has and will continue

to ~lay a ~~jor role in classroom changes

In this era of th2 computer and the knowledge explosion what

b2-~er method could be eiiJloyed in individualizing instruction than the

mc-ine l1achines are capable of aiding the teacher in individualizing

~ns~ruction with proper programs to meet the needs of education today

A programmed machine can offer the student a controlled stimulus evoke a

response and provi~e reinforcement

Sj~ues and the slide projector can become economical tools for

incivi~ualize~ instruction in shorthand These tools can be used effecshy

tiv2ly in beginning shorthand or advanced shorthand and can be used on

b)~h t~2 secon~ary level and the post-secondary level of instruction

The Probleiil

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this stu~y was to prepare shorthand slides for

indivicua1izec stUGy for stuQcnts l skill improvement in writing brief

loyu K 3ishop Individualizing Educational Programs1IBusiness EGuca~ion Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

2

fori1s theory phras0s S-clt-~2 abbreviations and the middot500 most-used words

Tmn r-C -0 ~ --gt S-i-I~_1110 lC u -ULy

One of ~~e major unsolve~ proJle~s in teaching shorthand is helping

each Stu~2~t ~~~i2ve his best pctential Brenholt and Houghton stated

3~sic to ~~y shorthand c~iiculum are the philosophical and 2d~ca~~onal beliefs supported by those who design an~ implement it The folloJing beliefs are valued and accepted by business education faculties An individualized video shorthand program should be predicated upon the following philosophical bases

Each ~2rson is a unique individual as a result of his exper ences This statement implies that the learning process ane t at VJilich is leiirned will vary with each individual

2 Learning develops through involvement--which is the ~nt2raction of self with all the facets of the environment The student involved is continuously making choices the consequences of which shape his being

3 All the critical factors of any learning experience include con~ent the process of learning and interaction of learner and the teacher (or medium) All are equally important and all must be co~tinually evaluated in terms of stated behavioral objectives

Th~s philosophy of education is being reflected in a shortshyhan program which emphasizes the business education department1s responsibili-cy to the learner These responsibilities are

1 To provide a stimulating environment in which the learner ~i11 accept tne responsibility for his own intellectual emotional and behavioral development in order to achieve his own personal and professional objectives

2 To provide numerous opportunities for the learner to beco~e actively involved with content and processes through intershyaction with various classroom learning activities

3 To provide the profession with competent creative teachers capable of synthesizing knowledge informational resources and ecucational1technology so that the business education student may adequately fulfill his personal and societal needs

4 To provide continuously cooperative evaluation of each learner by the shorthand teacher and by the learner himself to assess his personal growth attainment

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 2: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

~KmiddotCS~f ltApproved for 1h jOr[)ipartment

~ ~lu ----

I _~ I

j t ~~ l J I _ _ J

rr 327686

TABLE Of CONTENTS

PAGE LIST CF ~~3~~S v

Ch3p ter

1 INTRC~UCTION

The Problem

Statement of the Problem 1

I~portance of the Study 2

Delimitations of the Study 3

Definitions of Terms 4

Automatization 4

Individualized Study 5

Most-Used Words 5

MethoGs of Procedure 5

2 REVI EvJ OF RELATED LITERATURE 7

Remedi a1 Study shy 7

Time Factor in the Classroom 8

Psychological Implications 8

Individualized Study 8

Skinnerls Theory of Learnin9 10

Teaching-Learning Process 11

Inculcating Behavior 11

Shorthand Theory 12

Post Office Department State Abbreviations 13

iii

iv

Chapter PAGE

500 Most-US2G Words 14

lt 1 ices 15

Transpare~cy Fil~ 15

Slides ~nd Slide-~~king Materials 17

Care of S1-1 des 17

Eouioment Sa~rces 18

3 T~~ PREPARATION Of SHORT~AND SLIDES 20

Transparency Film 20

IVlateria1 Costs 21

Mas ter Sheets 22

Mounting the Slides 24

Coding the Slides 25

Storing the Slides 28

4 SU~MARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29

Summary 29

Conclusions 32

Recommenda ti ons 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

APPENDIXES 38

A ~aSt2r Sheets for the Preparation of Film 38

B Mounts film and Codes 126

C Film Samples 130

D Manufacturers and Distributors of Equipment and Supplies 136

LIST Of TABLES

--aoles Page

1 ~a~~~actlrers and Distributors af Slides Film 3i~d~~g Sorting and Mounting Equipment and S~~JJ ~ - 25 137

2 ~~nufact~rers and Distributors of Slide Projectors 138

3 Code System Used to Keep Slides in Sequence When Filing in Carousels 26

v

Chap~er 1

ITROJUCTION

-~ concept of indivh1izction of instruction is one of the most

p2vaS-V2 ~i~C~~2S dominatin r~2middotC2n elcat~on during the last decade It

bcr oJIUC01 r I Oi-hoY UJIl_J gt---S Il~_r ~gtr-~--r nfluence or greater N1o la1 -rO--~ 01 r~II QLshy

~~~JC~ u~on the development of ~G~ern eG~cational programs and the impleshy

~2~~a~~on of instructional changes II

i The teacher has and will continue

to ~lay a ~~jor role in classroom changes

In this era of th2 computer and the knowledge explosion what

b2-~er method could be eiiJloyed in individualizing instruction than the

mc-ine l1achines are capable of aiding the teacher in individualizing

~ns~ruction with proper programs to meet the needs of education today

A programmed machine can offer the student a controlled stimulus evoke a

response and provi~e reinforcement

Sj~ues and the slide projector can become economical tools for

incivi~ualize~ instruction in shorthand These tools can be used effecshy

tiv2ly in beginning shorthand or advanced shorthand and can be used on

b)~h t~2 secon~ary level and the post-secondary level of instruction

The Probleiil

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this stu~y was to prepare shorthand slides for

indivicua1izec stUGy for stuQcnts l skill improvement in writing brief

loyu K 3ishop Individualizing Educational Programs1IBusiness EGuca~ion Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

2

fori1s theory phras0s S-clt-~2 abbreviations and the middot500 most-used words

Tmn r-C -0 ~ --gt S-i-I~_1110 lC u -ULy

One of ~~e major unsolve~ proJle~s in teaching shorthand is helping

each Stu~2~t ~~~i2ve his best pctential Brenholt and Houghton stated

3~sic to ~~y shorthand c~iiculum are the philosophical and 2d~ca~~onal beliefs supported by those who design an~ implement it The folloJing beliefs are valued and accepted by business education faculties An individualized video shorthand program should be predicated upon the following philosophical bases

Each ~2rson is a unique individual as a result of his exper ences This statement implies that the learning process ane t at VJilich is leiirned will vary with each individual

2 Learning develops through involvement--which is the ~nt2raction of self with all the facets of the environment The student involved is continuously making choices the consequences of which shape his being

3 All the critical factors of any learning experience include con~ent the process of learning and interaction of learner and the teacher (or medium) All are equally important and all must be co~tinually evaluated in terms of stated behavioral objectives

Th~s philosophy of education is being reflected in a shortshyhan program which emphasizes the business education department1s responsibili-cy to the learner These responsibilities are

1 To provide a stimulating environment in which the learner ~i11 accept tne responsibility for his own intellectual emotional and behavioral development in order to achieve his own personal and professional objectives

2 To provide numerous opportunities for the learner to beco~e actively involved with content and processes through intershyaction with various classroom learning activities

3 To provide the profession with competent creative teachers capable of synthesizing knowledge informational resources and ecucational1technology so that the business education student may adequately fulfill his personal and societal needs

4 To provide continuously cooperative evaluation of each learner by the shorthand teacher and by the learner himself to assess his personal growth attainment

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 3: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

TABLE Of CONTENTS

PAGE LIST CF ~~3~~S v

Ch3p ter

1 INTRC~UCTION

The Problem

Statement of the Problem 1

I~portance of the Study 2

Delimitations of the Study 3

Definitions of Terms 4

Automatization 4

Individualized Study 5

Most-Used Words 5

MethoGs of Procedure 5

2 REVI EvJ OF RELATED LITERATURE 7

Remedi a1 Study shy 7

Time Factor in the Classroom 8

Psychological Implications 8

Individualized Study 8

Skinnerls Theory of Learnin9 10

Teaching-Learning Process 11

Inculcating Behavior 11

Shorthand Theory 12

Post Office Department State Abbreviations 13

iii

iv

Chapter PAGE

500 Most-US2G Words 14

lt 1 ices 15

Transpare~cy Fil~ 15

Slides ~nd Slide-~~king Materials 17

Care of S1-1 des 17

Eouioment Sa~rces 18

3 T~~ PREPARATION Of SHORT~AND SLIDES 20

Transparency Film 20

IVlateria1 Costs 21

Mas ter Sheets 22

Mounting the Slides 24

Coding the Slides 25

Storing the Slides 28

4 SU~MARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29

Summary 29

Conclusions 32

Recommenda ti ons 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

APPENDIXES 38

A ~aSt2r Sheets for the Preparation of Film 38

B Mounts film and Codes 126

C Film Samples 130

D Manufacturers and Distributors of Equipment and Supplies 136

LIST Of TABLES

--aoles Page

1 ~a~~~actlrers and Distributors af Slides Film 3i~d~~g Sorting and Mounting Equipment and S~~JJ ~ - 25 137

2 ~~nufact~rers and Distributors of Slide Projectors 138

3 Code System Used to Keep Slides in Sequence When Filing in Carousels 26

v

Chap~er 1

ITROJUCTION

-~ concept of indivh1izction of instruction is one of the most

p2vaS-V2 ~i~C~~2S dominatin r~2middotC2n elcat~on during the last decade It

bcr oJIUC01 r I Oi-hoY UJIl_J gt---S Il~_r ~gtr-~--r nfluence or greater N1o la1 -rO--~ 01 r~II QLshy

~~~JC~ u~on the development of ~G~ern eG~cational programs and the impleshy

~2~~a~~on of instructional changes II

i The teacher has and will continue

to ~lay a ~~jor role in classroom changes

In this era of th2 computer and the knowledge explosion what

b2-~er method could be eiiJloyed in individualizing instruction than the

mc-ine l1achines are capable of aiding the teacher in individualizing

~ns~ruction with proper programs to meet the needs of education today

A programmed machine can offer the student a controlled stimulus evoke a

response and provi~e reinforcement

Sj~ues and the slide projector can become economical tools for

incivi~ualize~ instruction in shorthand These tools can be used effecshy

tiv2ly in beginning shorthand or advanced shorthand and can be used on

b)~h t~2 secon~ary level and the post-secondary level of instruction

The Probleiil

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this stu~y was to prepare shorthand slides for

indivicua1izec stUGy for stuQcnts l skill improvement in writing brief

loyu K 3ishop Individualizing Educational Programs1IBusiness EGuca~ion Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

2

fori1s theory phras0s S-clt-~2 abbreviations and the middot500 most-used words

Tmn r-C -0 ~ --gt S-i-I~_1110 lC u -ULy

One of ~~e major unsolve~ proJle~s in teaching shorthand is helping

each Stu~2~t ~~~i2ve his best pctential Brenholt and Houghton stated

3~sic to ~~y shorthand c~iiculum are the philosophical and 2d~ca~~onal beliefs supported by those who design an~ implement it The folloJing beliefs are valued and accepted by business education faculties An individualized video shorthand program should be predicated upon the following philosophical bases

Each ~2rson is a unique individual as a result of his exper ences This statement implies that the learning process ane t at VJilich is leiirned will vary with each individual

2 Learning develops through involvement--which is the ~nt2raction of self with all the facets of the environment The student involved is continuously making choices the consequences of which shape his being

3 All the critical factors of any learning experience include con~ent the process of learning and interaction of learner and the teacher (or medium) All are equally important and all must be co~tinually evaluated in terms of stated behavioral objectives

Th~s philosophy of education is being reflected in a shortshyhan program which emphasizes the business education department1s responsibili-cy to the learner These responsibilities are

1 To provide a stimulating environment in which the learner ~i11 accept tne responsibility for his own intellectual emotional and behavioral development in order to achieve his own personal and professional objectives

2 To provide numerous opportunities for the learner to beco~e actively involved with content and processes through intershyaction with various classroom learning activities

3 To provide the profession with competent creative teachers capable of synthesizing knowledge informational resources and ecucational1technology so that the business education student may adequately fulfill his personal and societal needs

4 To provide continuously cooperative evaluation of each learner by the shorthand teacher and by the learner himself to assess his personal growth attainment

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 4: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

iv

Chapter PAGE

500 Most-US2G Words 14

lt 1 ices 15

Transpare~cy Fil~ 15

Slides ~nd Slide-~~king Materials 17

Care of S1-1 des 17

Eouioment Sa~rces 18

3 T~~ PREPARATION Of SHORT~AND SLIDES 20

Transparency Film 20

IVlateria1 Costs 21

Mas ter Sheets 22

Mounting the Slides 24

Coding the Slides 25

Storing the Slides 28

4 SU~MARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 29

Summary 29

Conclusions 32

Recommenda ti ons 32

BIBLIOGRAPHY 34

APPENDIXES 38

A ~aSt2r Sheets for the Preparation of Film 38

B Mounts film and Codes 126

C Film Samples 130

D Manufacturers and Distributors of Equipment and Supplies 136

LIST Of TABLES

--aoles Page

1 ~a~~~actlrers and Distributors af Slides Film 3i~d~~g Sorting and Mounting Equipment and S~~JJ ~ - 25 137

2 ~~nufact~rers and Distributors of Slide Projectors 138

3 Code System Used to Keep Slides in Sequence When Filing in Carousels 26

v

Chap~er 1

ITROJUCTION

-~ concept of indivh1izction of instruction is one of the most

p2vaS-V2 ~i~C~~2S dominatin r~2middotC2n elcat~on during the last decade It

bcr oJIUC01 r I Oi-hoY UJIl_J gt---S Il~_r ~gtr-~--r nfluence or greater N1o la1 -rO--~ 01 r~II QLshy

~~~JC~ u~on the development of ~G~ern eG~cational programs and the impleshy

~2~~a~~on of instructional changes II

i The teacher has and will continue

to ~lay a ~~jor role in classroom changes

In this era of th2 computer and the knowledge explosion what

b2-~er method could be eiiJloyed in individualizing instruction than the

mc-ine l1achines are capable of aiding the teacher in individualizing

~ns~ruction with proper programs to meet the needs of education today

A programmed machine can offer the student a controlled stimulus evoke a

response and provi~e reinforcement

Sj~ues and the slide projector can become economical tools for

incivi~ualize~ instruction in shorthand These tools can be used effecshy

tiv2ly in beginning shorthand or advanced shorthand and can be used on

b)~h t~2 secon~ary level and the post-secondary level of instruction

The Probleiil

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this stu~y was to prepare shorthand slides for

indivicua1izec stUGy for stuQcnts l skill improvement in writing brief

loyu K 3ishop Individualizing Educational Programs1IBusiness EGuca~ion Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

2

fori1s theory phras0s S-clt-~2 abbreviations and the middot500 most-used words

Tmn r-C -0 ~ --gt S-i-I~_1110 lC u -ULy

One of ~~e major unsolve~ proJle~s in teaching shorthand is helping

each Stu~2~t ~~~i2ve his best pctential Brenholt and Houghton stated

3~sic to ~~y shorthand c~iiculum are the philosophical and 2d~ca~~onal beliefs supported by those who design an~ implement it The folloJing beliefs are valued and accepted by business education faculties An individualized video shorthand program should be predicated upon the following philosophical bases

Each ~2rson is a unique individual as a result of his exper ences This statement implies that the learning process ane t at VJilich is leiirned will vary with each individual

2 Learning develops through involvement--which is the ~nt2raction of self with all the facets of the environment The student involved is continuously making choices the consequences of which shape his being

3 All the critical factors of any learning experience include con~ent the process of learning and interaction of learner and the teacher (or medium) All are equally important and all must be co~tinually evaluated in terms of stated behavioral objectives

Th~s philosophy of education is being reflected in a shortshyhan program which emphasizes the business education department1s responsibili-cy to the learner These responsibilities are

1 To provide a stimulating environment in which the learner ~i11 accept tne responsibility for his own intellectual emotional and behavioral development in order to achieve his own personal and professional objectives

2 To provide numerous opportunities for the learner to beco~e actively involved with content and processes through intershyaction with various classroom learning activities

3 To provide the profession with competent creative teachers capable of synthesizing knowledge informational resources and ecucational1technology so that the business education student may adequately fulfill his personal and societal needs

4 To provide continuously cooperative evaluation of each learner by the shorthand teacher and by the learner himself to assess his personal growth attainment

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 5: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

LIST Of TABLES

--aoles Page

1 ~a~~~actlrers and Distributors af Slides Film 3i~d~~g Sorting and Mounting Equipment and S~~JJ ~ - 25 137

2 ~~nufact~rers and Distributors of Slide Projectors 138

3 Code System Used to Keep Slides in Sequence When Filing in Carousels 26

v

Chap~er 1

ITROJUCTION

-~ concept of indivh1izction of instruction is one of the most

p2vaS-V2 ~i~C~~2S dominatin r~2middotC2n elcat~on during the last decade It

bcr oJIUC01 r I Oi-hoY UJIl_J gt---S Il~_r ~gtr-~--r nfluence or greater N1o la1 -rO--~ 01 r~II QLshy

~~~JC~ u~on the development of ~G~ern eG~cational programs and the impleshy

~2~~a~~on of instructional changes II

i The teacher has and will continue

to ~lay a ~~jor role in classroom changes

In this era of th2 computer and the knowledge explosion what

b2-~er method could be eiiJloyed in individualizing instruction than the

mc-ine l1achines are capable of aiding the teacher in individualizing

~ns~ruction with proper programs to meet the needs of education today

A programmed machine can offer the student a controlled stimulus evoke a

response and provi~e reinforcement

Sj~ues and the slide projector can become economical tools for

incivi~ualize~ instruction in shorthand These tools can be used effecshy

tiv2ly in beginning shorthand or advanced shorthand and can be used on

b)~h t~2 secon~ary level and the post-secondary level of instruction

The Probleiil

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this stu~y was to prepare shorthand slides for

indivicua1izec stUGy for stuQcnts l skill improvement in writing brief

loyu K 3ishop Individualizing Educational Programs1IBusiness EGuca~ion Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

2

fori1s theory phras0s S-clt-~2 abbreviations and the middot500 most-used words

Tmn r-C -0 ~ --gt S-i-I~_1110 lC u -ULy

One of ~~e major unsolve~ proJle~s in teaching shorthand is helping

each Stu~2~t ~~~i2ve his best pctential Brenholt and Houghton stated

3~sic to ~~y shorthand c~iiculum are the philosophical and 2d~ca~~onal beliefs supported by those who design an~ implement it The folloJing beliefs are valued and accepted by business education faculties An individualized video shorthand program should be predicated upon the following philosophical bases

Each ~2rson is a unique individual as a result of his exper ences This statement implies that the learning process ane t at VJilich is leiirned will vary with each individual

2 Learning develops through involvement--which is the ~nt2raction of self with all the facets of the environment The student involved is continuously making choices the consequences of which shape his being

3 All the critical factors of any learning experience include con~ent the process of learning and interaction of learner and the teacher (or medium) All are equally important and all must be co~tinually evaluated in terms of stated behavioral objectives

Th~s philosophy of education is being reflected in a shortshyhan program which emphasizes the business education department1s responsibili-cy to the learner These responsibilities are

1 To provide a stimulating environment in which the learner ~i11 accept tne responsibility for his own intellectual emotional and behavioral development in order to achieve his own personal and professional objectives

2 To provide numerous opportunities for the learner to beco~e actively involved with content and processes through intershyaction with various classroom learning activities

3 To provide the profession with competent creative teachers capable of synthesizing knowledge informational resources and ecucational1technology so that the business education student may adequately fulfill his personal and societal needs

4 To provide continuously cooperative evaluation of each learner by the shorthand teacher and by the learner himself to assess his personal growth attainment

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 6: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

Chap~er 1

ITROJUCTION

-~ concept of indivh1izction of instruction is one of the most

p2vaS-V2 ~i~C~~2S dominatin r~2middotC2n elcat~on during the last decade It

bcr oJIUC01 r I Oi-hoY UJIl_J gt---S Il~_r ~gtr-~--r nfluence or greater N1o la1 -rO--~ 01 r~II QLshy

~~~JC~ u~on the development of ~G~ern eG~cational programs and the impleshy

~2~~a~~on of instructional changes II

i The teacher has and will continue

to ~lay a ~~jor role in classroom changes

In this era of th2 computer and the knowledge explosion what

b2-~er method could be eiiJloyed in individualizing instruction than the

mc-ine l1achines are capable of aiding the teacher in individualizing

~ns~ruction with proper programs to meet the needs of education today

A programmed machine can offer the student a controlled stimulus evoke a

response and provi~e reinforcement

Sj~ues and the slide projector can become economical tools for

incivi~ualize~ instruction in shorthand These tools can be used effecshy

tiv2ly in beginning shorthand or advanced shorthand and can be used on

b)~h t~2 secon~ary level and the post-secondary level of instruction

The Probleiil

Statement of the Problem

The purpose of this stu~y was to prepare shorthand slides for

indivicua1izec stUGy for stuQcnts l skill improvement in writing brief

loyu K 3ishop Individualizing Educational Programs1IBusiness EGuca~ion Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

2

fori1s theory phras0s S-clt-~2 abbreviations and the middot500 most-used words

Tmn r-C -0 ~ --gt S-i-I~_1110 lC u -ULy

One of ~~e major unsolve~ proJle~s in teaching shorthand is helping

each Stu~2~t ~~~i2ve his best pctential Brenholt and Houghton stated

3~sic to ~~y shorthand c~iiculum are the philosophical and 2d~ca~~onal beliefs supported by those who design an~ implement it The folloJing beliefs are valued and accepted by business education faculties An individualized video shorthand program should be predicated upon the following philosophical bases

Each ~2rson is a unique individual as a result of his exper ences This statement implies that the learning process ane t at VJilich is leiirned will vary with each individual

2 Learning develops through involvement--which is the ~nt2raction of self with all the facets of the environment The student involved is continuously making choices the consequences of which shape his being

3 All the critical factors of any learning experience include con~ent the process of learning and interaction of learner and the teacher (or medium) All are equally important and all must be co~tinually evaluated in terms of stated behavioral objectives

Th~s philosophy of education is being reflected in a shortshyhan program which emphasizes the business education department1s responsibili-cy to the learner These responsibilities are

1 To provide a stimulating environment in which the learner ~i11 accept tne responsibility for his own intellectual emotional and behavioral development in order to achieve his own personal and professional objectives

2 To provide numerous opportunities for the learner to beco~e actively involved with content and processes through intershyaction with various classroom learning activities

3 To provide the profession with competent creative teachers capable of synthesizing knowledge informational resources and ecucational1technology so that the business education student may adequately fulfill his personal and societal needs

4 To provide continuously cooperative evaluation of each learner by the shorthand teacher and by the learner himself to assess his personal growth attainment

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 7: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

2

fori1s theory phras0s S-clt-~2 abbreviations and the middot500 most-used words

Tmn r-C -0 ~ --gt S-i-I~_1110 lC u -ULy

One of ~~e major unsolve~ proJle~s in teaching shorthand is helping

each Stu~2~t ~~~i2ve his best pctential Brenholt and Houghton stated

3~sic to ~~y shorthand c~iiculum are the philosophical and 2d~ca~~onal beliefs supported by those who design an~ implement it The folloJing beliefs are valued and accepted by business education faculties An individualized video shorthand program should be predicated upon the following philosophical bases

Each ~2rson is a unique individual as a result of his exper ences This statement implies that the learning process ane t at VJilich is leiirned will vary with each individual

2 Learning develops through involvement--which is the ~nt2raction of self with all the facets of the environment The student involved is continuously making choices the consequences of which shape his being

3 All the critical factors of any learning experience include con~ent the process of learning and interaction of learner and the teacher (or medium) All are equally important and all must be co~tinually evaluated in terms of stated behavioral objectives

Th~s philosophy of education is being reflected in a shortshyhan program which emphasizes the business education department1s responsibili-cy to the learner These responsibilities are

1 To provide a stimulating environment in which the learner ~i11 accept tne responsibility for his own intellectual emotional and behavioral development in order to achieve his own personal and professional objectives

2 To provide numerous opportunities for the learner to beco~e actively involved with content and processes through intershyaction with various classroom learning activities

3 To provide the profession with competent creative teachers capable of synthesizing knowledge informational resources and ecucational1technology so that the business education student may adequately fulfill his personal and societal needs

4 To provide continuously cooperative evaluation of each learner by the shorthand teacher and by the learner himself to assess his personal growth attainment

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 8: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

3

~~~~~~ic~al ~2chnology W 2n properly utilized may provide r~o~middot2 middotdeg0 inliviGua] pusu ts in intellectual inquiry creative enu22VG and provocative reflection The focus must be on the lear~ a~d th~ processes of learning l

With the exc2~tion of dictation tapes little has been done in the

ar2J of shortha~ri s~ill i~provement on an individualized basis using

~ bull V ~ -- - - ~ -~ - 2h~11Ipgt ~ C jn~ l

3ipound22 quomiddotc2d Sidnner on the error of not employing materials and

tecJnio~2s that are ~vailable to education I

In education we design and re-G2sign our curricula in a ~esperate attempt to provide a liberal education while steadshyfastly refusing to employ available engineering techniques which would efficiently build the interests and instill the ~nowledge which are the goals of education 3

RJsson said Every available aid should be used in building shortshy

(ian and transcription skill4 In the aids listed (notebook pen pencil

Chalkboard tapes and records) there was no mention of the use of slides

Delimitations of the Study

The shorthand slides that were prepared were designed for the

equipment available at Chanute Senior High School Chanute Kansas

The study was correlated with the Diamond Jubilee Series of Gregg

Shorthand

lJoAnne fmiddoti Brenholt anli Edard L Houghton Individualized Video ShorthanG Instruction The Balance Sh2et LUI (May 1972) 342

2F A Foss and G L Pearce Liven Up Laboratory Learning with Syrchronized 2 X 2 Souna Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 228

3~orris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Har~er a~d Row 1964) p 134

4Allien R Russon Methods of Teachin 119 (Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 9: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

4

The theory slides consisted only of the trleory listed in the index

of Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic charshy

acters amounts days figures ~onth~ punctuation quantities weights

anG measures word beginnings a~J word endinssl A maximum of two words

IJer2 given as examples for anyone theory

Tne phrase slides consiS~2~ on~y of phrases listed in ~

D ~ ~--a--~ n ( -~ - -- ~I J i I

1-~

cgte C ~-i shyV) D- --c gt 2irIUI u ) bullbull -)

Ine 5eO ~ost-used words slides consisted only of the 500 most-used

words listeu in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond

Jubilee ~cition3

Li~itations of the Study

Information used in the development of the study was obtained pri shy

marny from the vJilliam Allen Jhite Library and the Instructional Media

Cei~ter at Kansas State Teachers College Emporia Kansas

Definitions of Terms

AUOffi ti za ti on

Automatization is the process by which an act becomes so habitual

ard routine that it is performed without any conscious thought or mental

e -c~r+ 4 lUI

lUG~n R Gregg Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamp~onu Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1969) pp 381-383

2Louis A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and Madeline S Strony Gregg Dictation Diamo~d Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963) P 511-512

3HamdenL Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Dia~ond Jub~lee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co bull 1966 ~p 1-34

4Carter V Good Dictionary of Education 2d ed (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc bull 1963) p 50

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 10: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

5

I i~d-i vi c~( 1i ZeG Studl

I~dividualized s~udy is study activities that are differentiated to

~eet the needs of the student instead of being the same for all those in a

S Ady group I

r~ost-Used lords

Frequency of use was the criterion for the selection which includes

2basic vocabulary and frequently used geographical and proper names

Methods of Procedure

The slides to be prepared were divided into five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words These areas were selected on the basis of individualized study

that would be most useful in a Shorthand I class

The methods of procedure used in this study of the preparation of

slides were as follows

1 Available literat~re was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Advise was solicited from Mr L R Marks at the Instructional

Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College at Enlporia Kansas and

film materials were tested

3 Price quotati6ns were secured on film mounts and carousels

1Ibid p 53l

2~ I degt degjOrKner op Cl p lX

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 11: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

6

I

4 tgtihite 8 12 by 11 inch shees were ruled for 28 squares size

~ -~ by 516 inches e2ch to ~Q~ch t~e slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets to be used in the preparation of the

film

5 ~ounts and carousels were purchased for the slides

S The transparencies were prepared with Xerographic Film on a

Xerox ~odel 914 ~achine at the Irstructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

7 The transparencies were cut into sections and each section

was mounted in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

8 MteY the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

9 A sum~ary was made of the study conclusions were stated and

recommendations were made

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 12: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

Clapter 2

~J -~ =ltELA--ED LITERATURE

The use o~ S~~2S ana sc~~J sl~ces in shorthand is so new and funds

have been so 1~l- middot~2C lu~ progr(ss h~s ~-ot been made beyond the experimental

stage 1 As a result little has beer written regarding actual studies

The literature r~viewed dealt primarily with learning theories and

t2cnniq~es ~aterial selection for slides and preparation of slides and

equipr12r1t

Remedial Study

Students do not progress at the same rate and some students have

difficu1ty in adapting to shorthand asa nevI medium of cOITUTIunication Once

they fall behind it becomes increasingly more difficult for them to catch

up Condon suggested a technique that has improved the situation with conshy

siderable success

SO~2 teachers do not use the regular textbooks for a week or 1JO Instead they use specially prepared materials designed to introshyduce tne SUbj2C~ of shorthand in a simple and brief preview Most of the alphabet and a few brief forms are included in this presentation ~riting is included from the beginning but only a few simple sentences are used This plan introduces the student to this new type of learnshying activity At the completion of this brief unit the class beginsusing the regular textbook by which time much faster p~ogress and more complete mastery may be expected as a result of thispreview 2

1f A Foss and G L pearce IlLi ven Up Laboratory Learni ng Wi th Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (tiJarch 196~L 288

2lnold Condon IIS ecre tarial Education with a Future The American Busi ness Ecuca ti on Yearbook XIX (Somervi 11 e New Jersey Somerset Press 1So2) ppbull jj ~- lJ b

7

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 13: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

8

Time Factor in the Classroom

In a conventional classroo~ of group instruction a teacher has only

-- -~ ~so ~juch l 1- and it is usually necessary for him to reinforce the desired

b2~avicr ony in blocks of responses

According to Ski~~ei the ~ost serious criticism of current class-

roc] Pioc(cures is the relative infrequency of reinforcement of the desired

ac~s of s~udents The slower student particularly suffers because of the

l~~i 0 I ~V-=

l V rCcen~r t 1J 11 r~ i

Psychological I~~lications

There seems to be two psychological principles that operate in learnshy

ing (1) nothing succeeds like success and (2) nothing fails like failure

The stigma of failure definitely slows learning Seagoe stated

I Failure slows learning

2 Failure causes a moving away from reality

3 Failure causes persistent non-adjustive behavior

4 Failure increases the variability of behavior

5 The effect of failure is cumulative~2

Individualized Study

The fo 11 mi ng premi ses evoke dynami c educa ti ona1 procedures and

contain powerful implications for any school program desiring to provide

1ltorris L Biggee Learni ng Theori es for Teachers (New York Harper ana RmJ 1964) 136

2~ay v Seagoe A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process (Dubuque Wm C BrOltiti Co 1961) pp 86-87

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 14: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

9

the best possible education for its children

1 That learning takes place individually therefore curshyriculum and methodology should be organized around the individual student The quest for ways to individualize learning is the most important innovating force influencing the development of presentshyday educational systems

2 That students must come in contact with different levels of 1ecrling and have t12 oJJortunity to wOlk together to discover t~2 r21ationships of various disciplines as aspects of one world Fragmentation and cwpartr12ntalization of subject matter must be replaced with interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary approaches with concomitant interaction of the instructional staff

3 That there are no time limits or space limits when or where a student can learn--with or ~Jithout the teacher and the formal classroom In fact there are no age limits for educashytion to be internalized students must learn that true education is a continuous process This is the ubiquitous nature of true education and learning

4 That the educational program must be dynamic and in a constant state of evaluation and change in order to survive It must be adaptable flexible and capable of meet~ng the demands of a complex technological and changing culture

In an individualized study program each student progresses at his

oltm rate--a rate which is governed by his background interest and abilitymiddot

He competes primarily with himself and only generally with the group

An individualized study program in shorthand should provide the

student with

1 Stimulating environment a Greater student responsi bi li ty for program developshy

ment and progress b Wider variability in threshold levels of entering

competence and insi~ht

c Differential speed of progress throughout the shorthand program

2 Active involvement a Earlier and more frequent contact with shorthand

students in learning situations

lLloyd K Bishop Individualizing Educational Programs Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 15: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

10

o A wider variety of reality experiences c A better mix of theoretical and practical emphasis

3 Conti~uous cooperative evaluation a Con~inuous knowledge of levels of effort and proshy

gress by student and program management b Continuous evaluation of program effectiveness

4 Atta ~~ent of objectives a ndividualized progress throughout the shorthand

Jrogramb Differential levels of performance above floor

criterion

5 Continuous evaluation a Rapid program modification based upon feedback

mechanisms b Continuous program revision--few permanently

static components I

The class is led and encouraged by the video presentation The

teacher is free to work with individuals or smaller groups

Skinners Theory of Learning

Skinner found operant conditioning highly effective in working with

animals and was confident that si~ilar conditioning could be successfully

used with students in the learning process

Operant conditioning is the learning process whereby a response

is made more probable or more frequent Operants--sets of acts--are

reinforced--strengthened--so as to increase the probability of their reshy2 currence in the future

lJoAnneM Brenholt and Edward L Houghton IIIndividualized Video Shorthand InstructionlI The Balance Sheet LIlI (May 1972) 343

2Biggee Ope cit pp 113-114

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 16: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University

11

--~-cnlee ~ I ~middot~lmiddot1 lg IDocessi li~-Lic1 I I

In this learning process) teachers are considered architects and

builders of studentsmiddot behavior Learning objectives are divided into a

large number of very small tasks and reinforced one by one

The key to successful teaching or training is to analyze the effect

of re~nforcer121lmiddott and design techniques which manipulate the process with

considerable precision--to set up specific reinforcing contingencies

Through operant reinforcement an existing unit of behavior may be

refined by the process of differentiation of response In this process)

reinforcement which develops skill must be im~ediate

Skinner believed that the most efficient control of human learning

requires instrumental aid

Programmed instruction is a system of teaching and learning within which ore-established subject matter is broken down into small) discrete steps and carefully organized into a logical seshyquence in VJhich it can be learned readily by the students Each step builds deliberately upon the preceding one The learner can progress through the sequence of steps at his own rate and he is reinforced immediately after each step either he is given the correct response or he is permitted to proceed to the next step after he registers the correct response Programmed inshystruction maylbe accomplished with or without the use of teachshying machines

Inculcating Behavior

In order to plan a procedure for inculcating certain desired behavior

in a student) certain specific questions need to be answered (1) What

behavior is to be established (2) What reinforcers are available (3)

What responses are available (4) How can reinforcements be most effishy

ciently scheauled2

lIbid ppbull 133- 134

2Ibid 136

12

The teacher mus~ have specific objectives that are defined in terms

of desired behaviors He is the architect and builder of behaviors

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to

be practical in a particular school settirg If machines are available~ they

car be used if not~ another s~bstitute must be found

T~2 responses the student is expected to make have to be within his

scope of abili~ies~ tir12 and materials

Reinforce~ent is most effective if accomplished immediately after

the response Scheduling of the rein~orcement should be arranged to meet

thi s criteri a

In building a case fo~ properly programed teaching machines Skinner

stated the effect upon each student is surprisingly like that of a

pri va te tutor III

Shorthand Theory

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill

Two antithetical schools of thought regarding intermediate shorthand

learning symptoms are (1) those associated with theoretical accuracy of

the shorthand outlines and the perfection and refinement of the shorthand

penmanship (2) those associated with fluency and utility2 Gregg stated

The shorthand learner has succeeded in learning shorthand when he can write rapidly and accurately from dictation and read

iT 01bulla p 1LO

2John R Gregg Lbuis A Leslie and Charles E Zoubek~ Instructor1s Handbook for GrCC1 Sorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co 1963) p 66

I

13

rapidly and accur~tely from his shorthand notes taken from rapid dictation The exact outline used is far less important than the fact that the learner wroteia reasonable readable transcribable outline without hesitation

A thorough comprehension of the principles of the system is

necessary Condon stated

Altnougn memorization of rules is not suggested there is evidence to suggest that the study of the principles of shorthand tneory should receive greater emphasis However minor theory deviations such as whether to write or omit the vowel sound need not be emphasized It has been found that students will do a better job of taking dictation improvising shorthand outlines for unfamiliar words and turning out acceptable transcripts when they have a thorough understanding of the basic principles of the system 2

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Therefore sufficient drill must be

given on the brief form lists to insure instant recognition and automatic

3response

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increas~ the memory load and inhibit the writer With

the exception of a few memory phrases such as been able had hope etc

it is doubtful if the time spent in studying such phrases can be justified 4

Post Office Department State Abbreviations

The Post Office Department ~as suggested the adoption of a two-letter

state abbreviation to facilitate the use of the Optical Character Reader (OCR)

which provides electronic mail sorting for a sizable portion of business mail

1Ibi d

2Condon op cit p 134

3Ibid p 134

4Ibid p 135

14

in several major cities l Neuerburg stated

Wi~h th2 adoption of the two~letter state abbreviations a new ci2me~sion has been added to the confusion students must face as they attem~t to recognize the old abbreviations develop spontaneous recall of the new two-letter abbreviations and write the shorthand symbol that has variations of both--the old and the new

Teachers should teach students the new two-letter abbrevishyati ons a t the same time as they are introduced to conci se shortshyhand symbols that are as close t~ the abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

500 Most-Used Words

-This study dealt with 500 of the 3000 most-used words because of

necessary delimitations Reliable estimates indicate that 97 percent of

the ordinary dictation material is made up of approximately 3000 high

frequency words 3

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers

of shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing

skill in the use of high frequency words Forkner stated

The words 1 the and to and ~ probably appear in every business letter and are used so often that they require little or no special drill however this does not hold true for the basic writing vocabulary of 3000 words Experience has shown that if a student masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend his vocabulary using the hioh frequency words as a foundation for writing other words~

lAddressinq for the Optical Character Reader POD Publication 65 (~Jashington D C Post Office Department 1968) p i

2Lawrence P Neuerburg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols1I The Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969) 242

3Hamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 p ix

4Ibid

15

Slides

There are a variety of materia~s that can be used in the preparashy

tion cf transparency film and in the mounting of the slides The film can

be Jlack and white or in color The film can be prepared with a camera or

a transparency maker The mounts are available in different sizes and

materials See Table 1 for several sources of supply

Transparency Film

Transparencies are permanent and non-fading The Nashua Corporation

said II Any thing you can copy on paper you can copy on colorful Xerographic

Film and the transparency is ready to use the mi nute it I S made l Masters

for the transparency can be

Typewritten Copy Blueprints

Hand Lettering Li ne Drawi ngs

11agazi nes Charcoal Sketches

Newspapers Graphs

Boo~s Maps2

Nashua Xerographic Film is prepared for use in Xerox Machine Models 3914 720 420 2400 36001 813 660 and 330

Nashua Xerographic Film is unaffected by light heat humidity and

age 4

lNashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition (Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972) ppXT~23 and 24

2rb J10

3Ibid

4Ibid

16

Nashua Xerographic Film is available in four sparkling colors and

clear

l) 950 Clear 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 960 Blue 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

lJ 970 Yell ow 100 8 1211 X 11 11 sheets to a box

10 980 qed 100 8 12 X 11 sheets to a box

No 990 Green 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box

No 940 Assortment 100 8 12 11 X 11 11 sheets to a box 25 Blue 25 Yell ow 25 Red 25 Green1

The cost of Nashua Xerographic Film was $2895 for 100 sheets of

8 12 X 11 inches in 1972 2

Multiple transparencies can be made automatically on the Xerox

Machine Nashua Corporation stated the fol1owing instructions

1 Fan the transparency sheets so that they handle and feed easily

2 Place 10 or 15 sheets into the loading tray and feed accordi ng to the simple i nstructi ons on each transparency sheet

3 Make the prints as you norma11y would if the film were ordinary paper If the print is light pump the toner up to the darkness level you want just as you would with paper

4 If the image on the film dosectsn1t fuse properly simply go to the next highest heatsetting

1I bi d

2Ibid

3Ibid

17

Slides an~ Slide-Making Materials

Table 1 lists several sources of supply for slide mounts and

materials The Eastman Kodak Company provided information on the various

types of materials that are available from their company

The 1lt0021lt LctagraphicvJrite-On Slide is Estar Film Base with a matte surface on one side which is mounted in a 2 X 2-inch mOJnt The writi~g area is 1 12 X 1 12 inches You can draw print Itrite on these slides with almost any pencil or fiber-tip pen Bold images can be obtained with the use of special drawing inks made for transparencies Use of these slides means a quick simple and inexpensive way to display information on a screen with an slide projector (except those with automatic focusing systems) Box of 100 slidesS495

The Kodak Ready-Mounts are for mounting 28 X 28mm (126) 24 X 36mm (135) and 1 58 X 1 58 inch (super-slide) transshyparencies Solid grayboard with printing on face IIS ea l edge vith waril iron do not touch film ll and on the reverse side 1I11ade in USA II To types are available Folded--Convenient for mounting a few transparencies at one time Supplied with 3 edges sealed open edge can be sealed with a household iron Flat--Canbe sealed on 4 edges with a household iron or mounting press Folded--Pkg of 50$335 Flat--Pkg of 100$235

The Kodak Slide Cover Glass (Thin Precleaned) Thickness 030 inch 2 X 2 inch For mounting slides in glass for use in Carousel and other slide trays Pkg of 50$210

The Kodak Metal Binder (for 2 X 2 inch Slide Cover Glass thin)--Provides a quick and inexpensive method of glass-mounting slides A transparency mask and two pieces of thin cover glass are inserted into the open end of the binder The binder frames three sides and holds the slide securely without the need of tape or fasteners Glass slides bound in this manner are ideal for use in the KodaklCarousel Slide Trays and other slide trays Pkg of 50$275

Care of Slides

The Eastman Kodak Company stressed the importance of proper care

lEastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalo (Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970 p 23

18

an~ storag2 of completed slides

uirty slides oetract from the presentation Therefore clean them before use Dust or lint can be remov~d with a clean dry camelis-hair brush Use it gently on both sides of the transparency Fingerprints or qil smudges can be removed by app 1yi n9 Kodak Film Cl eaner spari ngly to the slide with a plush pad or a wad of cotton

After cleaning the slides should be loaded into trays Be sure to load these trays correctly~ To properly orient a slide for projection hold it so the picture looks correct rotate it bottom to top and put it into the tray from behind the proj ector

Slide trays are ideal for storage purposes keeping the slides clean orderly and always ready for projection

There are also rna ny types of compartment fi 1es in which to store 2 X 2-inch slides Most important dont keep slides on table tops in drawers or cupboards with chalk and ink or where they may become damaged dirty disorganized or lost Store the box of slides in a dry dark cool place

To facilitate fetrieval of any slide make a list of all slides in each box

Eguipment Sources

The best equipment to use will depend upon individual objectives

needs cost limitations and preference 2

lEastman Kodak Comp~ny Slides With a Pur ose for Business Education (Rochester New York Eastman KOdak Company 1971 pp 24-25

2 F0 ss 0 p cit p 289

19

~22r ~o Appendix D for prices and descriptions of equipment and

company addresses l

A carousel has been produced that will accommodate 140 slides

The Easwlan Kocak Company described the carousel

Kodak Carousel Slide Trays--Accept up to 140 2 X 2 inch slides Clearly numbered for easy slide location Removable retaining rings prevent slides from spilling yet permit quick editing loading or unloading Supplied in attractive storage boxes including identification card and tray s2icker Fit all Carousel Projectors Cost per Carousel$380

lNational Audio-Visual Association The 1972-1973 Audio-Visual Equi~ment Directory (Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972) pp 63-70

2Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Ope cit p 22

Chapter 3

THE PREPARATION OF SHORTHAND SLIDES

Throughout the preparation of the slides advise was solicited

from tk L R Marks at the Instructional Media Center at Kansas State

Teachers College at Emporia Kansas

Transparency Film

-- It was necessary to test the types of transparency film that was

available to find a film that would project a clear image when magnified

by the slide projector and that would be durable to withstand continued use

The three types of film available at the Instructional Media Center

were

8 12 X 11 inch Clear mylar film

8 12 X 11 inch 3M Transparency film

8 12 X 11 inch Nashua Xerographic film

Nashua Xerographic Film produced the clearest and most durable copy The

Xerox Model 914 Machine was used to make the prints

The Nashua Xerographic Film was available in an assortment of four

colors and clear The black image was reproduced on clear blue red

green and yellow See Appendix C

The film should be used in the following order to produce the

least eye strain when projected (1) blue (2) red (3) green (4) yellow

and (5) clear

Another factor in testing the film was the materials and typewriter

used in preparing the master copies for the film prints Carbon was a

20

21

necessary ingredient in every outline to be reproduced

The IBM Selectric Typewriter was the most satisfactory of the five

tested because of tne carbon ribbon and the factor that the ribbon was new

each time a key was struck The Letter Gothic Ball produced the clearest

type for reproducing on film

Ballpoints pens and a variety of pencils were tested to find the

best carbon contentOf all the pencils tested the Wallace Machine

Scoring Number 400 Pencil was the most satisfactory and was used for writshy

ing the shorthand outlines The Fighier Number 77 Pencil with a Number 2

lead was satisfactory and was used to draw the mount outline and the ruled

line for the alphabetic characters

Ma teri a1 Cos ts

The Instructional Media Center at Kansas State Teachers College

at Emporia Kansas had the current price lists available and Nashua

Xerographic Film in stock Mounts were ordered from Lawrence Photo Supply

Incorporated 802 West Second Wichita Kansas The total cost per slide

was approximately as follows considering there averaged 28 frames on an

8 12 by 11 inch film

Nashua Xerographic Film $2895100 sheets $0103 Per Slide

Metered Xerox Machine Charge 10centper sheet 0036 Per Slide

Mounts $10951000 mounts 0110 Per Slide

Material Cost $0249 Per Slide

The cost per slide could be reduced by putting the maximum number

of frames on the film If margins are not a concern 35 frames could be

22

pu~ on O~2 film sheet The film and metered Xerox Machine charge would

total $0114 instead of $0139

fIaster Sheets

The master sheets that were used to make the film are shown in

Appendix A The master sheets were divided into the following areas for

ease in mounting coding and filing

Number Of Area Slides

Introduction Slides 27

VOle 1s 110

Consonants 72

Brief Forms 258

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations 110

t~ord Beg i nni ngs 150

viord Endi ngs 135

Phrases 156

Sta tes 102

500 Most-Used Words 964

The master sheets were preruled with a Number 2 pencil for a frame

size guide A guide sheet was made for ruling the master sheets to expedite

the process The line guides for writing sh0rthand outlines with good

proportion were also on the guide sheet See Appendix A

After the master sheets were ruled the words were typewritten on

the master sheets Tabulation stops were set for the center of each frame

in which a word was to be typewritten Each word was individually centered

by backspacing from the tabulation point The width of the visual area on

23

the film was one-eighth inch less than the frame size Long words had to

be checked to be sure they did not extend beyond this visual area

After the words were typewritten t the words were written in shortshy

hand A Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil was used in writing the

shorthand outline The master was laid over the guide-sheet lines as a

guide for good proportion

The introduction slides were typewritten in all capital letters and

used to notify the student of a change in areas The terms on the introducshy

tion slides were those used in the various sources for writing the slides

The theory slides consisted of the theory listed in the index of

Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series as follows alphabetic characters

amounts t dayst figures months t punctuation t quantities weights and

measures word beginnings and word endings l Amaximum of t~IO words ~ere

given as examples for anyone theory

The joined and disjoined word beginnings and endings were prepared

by typewriting the beginning or ending and following with two words using

the shorthand theory There were 35 frames on each sheet i n these areas

See Appendix A

The phrase slides consisted of phrases listed in Gregg Dictation

Diamond Jubilee Series 2 The phrases were divided into sections vith

introduction slides and several examples of each type of phrase given

lJohn R Gregg t Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969) pp 381shy383

2Lou is A Leslie Charles E Zoubek and t~adeline S StronYt Gregg Dictations Diamond Jubilee Series (New York McGraw-Hill Book CO t Inc 1963)t pp 511-512

24

The 500 most-used words slides consisted of the 500 most-used words

listed in Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee

Edition 1

See Appendix A

The source for the new state abbreviations was The Journal of

Business Education 2 The new two-letter abbreviations are concise shortshy

hand symbos that are as close to the Post Office Department1s Optical

Character Reader abbreviations as clarity and ease of writing will permit

See Appendix A

The brief forms were listed in the index of Gregg Shorthand

Diamond Jubilee Series 3 If a brief form shorthand outline had more than

one meaning they were all presented at one time See Appendix A

Mounting the Slides

After the film was made it was cut with scissors into sections

for mounting in slide mounts The film was thick and would not cut evenly

on a paper cutter

A 2 by 2 inch heat seal style mount was purchased that sealed on

four sides Because of the danger of ruining the film and the time factor

in sealing the mounts with a household iron a hand press was used

The top of the film was mounted on the folded edge of the mount

See Appendix B

lHamden L Forkner and others Correlated Dictations and Transcri tion Gre Diamond Jubilee Edition (New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966 bull pp 1-34

2Lawrence P Neuerberg IIClinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Symbols II The Journal of Bus i ness [duca ti on XLIV (~arch 1969) 242

3Gregg Ope ~it pp 383-384

25

Coding the Slides

The slides were color coded as follows considering the eye strain

factor (blue red green yellow and clear)

Area Color Code

Introduction Slides Clear

Vowels Red

Consonants Green

Brief Forms Red

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations Green

Word Beginnings Blue

Word Endings Red

Phrases Green

Sta tes Yellow

500 Most-Used Words Blue

Because of the limited five colors of film available and because

the sequence of certain slides was necessary a coding system had to be

devised to be sure the slides were filed in the proper order

In most cases it was a matter of the stimulus (typewritten word)

and the rei nforcernent (shorthand) s1ide bei ng together However in the

cases of a sequence of words for one principle a series had to be coded

together (Example word beginnings) Each area was separated by introshy

duction slides

The typewritten slide wasalways placed first See Table 3 for

the codes used onthe slide mounts for filing the mounts in carousels

The code was placed on the bottom of the slide mount so it could

be read on the top edge when the slide was in the carousel See Appendix B

Tab

le 3

CODE

SYS

TEM

US

ED T

O KE

EP S

HORT

HAND

SLI

DES

IN S

EQUE

NCE

WHEN

FIL

ING

IN

CAR

OUS E

LS

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Sli

des

Code

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s

Mon

ths

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Wor

d B

egin

ning

s

Wor

d En

ding

s

Vow

els

Con

sona

nts

Bri

ef F

orm

s

Punc

tua

ti on

Am

ount

s an

d Q

uant

itie

s

Day

s of

th

e W

eek

Mon

ths

of

the

year

Bus

ines

s A

bbre

viat

ions

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Beg

inni

ngsa

Jo

ined

Wor

d B

egin

ning

sa

Dis

join

ed W

ord

Endi

ngs a

Jo

ined

Wor

d En

ding

s a

V-1

A

V-1

BV

-1C

V

-10

V

-1E

V-2

A

V-2

B

V-2

1E

Cl

ampCl

C3

6 amp

C36

BFl

amp B

F1

middot BFl

29 amp

BFl

29

Pl

ampPl

P6

ampP6

AQl

ampAQ

1 AQ

18 amp

AQ18

01

amp01

07

amp

07

Ml

ampMl

M

12 amp

M12

BA1

amp B

A1

BA11

amp

BA1

1

WB-

1A

WB-

1B

WB-

1C

WB-

10

W

B-2A

W

B-2B

bull

W

B-29

E

WE-

1A

WE-

1B

WE-

1C

WE-

10

W

E-2A

W

E-2B

W

E-27

0

N

0

Tab

le 3

(C

ontin

ued)

CODE

SYS

THl

USED

TO

KEEP

SHO

RTHA

ND S

LIpE

SIN

SEQ

UENC

E WH

EN F

ILIN

G

IN

CARO

USEL

S

Are

as

Intr

oduc

tion

Slide~

Co

de

Phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

Phra

ses a

T f

or T

o in

phr

ases

Be

en R

epre

sent

ed

by ~

A

ble

Rep

rese

nted

by

A

Wan

t Pr

eced

ed

by p

rono

un

Ago

Rep

rese

nted

by

~

To

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

Th

e O

mitt

ed

in P

hras

es

Of

Om

itted

in

Phr

ases

~Omitted

in

Phr

ases

In

ters

ecte

d P

hras

es

Spec

ial

phra

ses

Sta

tes

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

b

PH-1

A

PH-1

H

PH-2

A ~

- PH

-2J

PH-3

A PH

-3H

PH

-4A

PH-4

H

_PH-

5A

PH-5

E PH

-6A

PH-6

F PH

-7A

PH-7

F PH

-8A

PH

-8G

PH-9

A PH

-9F

PH-1

0A

bull

PH-1

0E

PH-ll

A

PH-ll

G

51

ampSl

55

1 amp

S51

Wl

ampW

l W

482

ampW

482

aWhe

n th

ere

was

mor

e th

an o

ne

intr

oduc

tion

sli

de

in a

n ar

ea

the

intr

oduc

tion

sli

des

wer

e fi

led

at

the

poin

t of

cod

e ch

ange

s

bIn

the

500

Mos

t-Use

d W

ords

ar

ea

ther

e ar

e le

ss

than

10

00 s

lid

es b

ecau

se s

hort

hand

sy

mbo

ls w

ith

mor

e th

an o

ne m

eani

ng

Jer

e co

mbi

ned

on o

ne s

lid

e (E

xam

ple

in

and

no

t)

N

28

Storing the Slides

The slides were stored in carousels so students could easily place

the carousel on the projector with a minimum of time and effort Each

carousel was stored in a labeled box provided with the carousels at the

time of purchase

The carousels hold 140 slides so it was necessary to divide some of

the areas for maximum use of the carousels The order of filing in the

carousels was coordinated with the presentations in the textbooks

Chapter 4

SUMMARY CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

It was the purpose of this study to prepare shorthand slides for

individualized study for studentsmiddot skill improvement in shorthand at

Chanute Senior High School The preparation of the slides was done to

(1) provide students with an additional media for individualized study

of shorthand (2) provide the teacher with instructional material and

(3) prewide a new media in shorthand instruction at a minimum cost

The preparation of the slides was done in five general areas

brief forms theory phrases state abbreviations and the 500 most-used

words

Summary

One of the major unsolved problems in teaching shorthand is helping

each student achieve his best potential Both philosophical and educational

factors are involved in the learning process

The philosophical bases are each person is a unique individual

learning develops through involvement and all the critical factors of any

learning experience include content the process of learning and intershy

action of learner and the medium

The educators responsibilities to the learner are to provide a

stimulating environment to provide numerous opportunities for the learner

to become involved to provide capable teachers resources and technology

and to provide continuous cooperative evaluation of each learner

29

30

Skinner believed that learning is facilitated when the student

is given a stimulus makes a response and is given a reinforcement l

Reinforcers that are used after a student makes a response have to be

practical in a particular school setting Reinforcement is most effective

if accomplished immediately after the response Properly programmed

instructional media can produce an effect upon each student of that of

having a private tutor to provide reinforcement

Individualized instructional media can give teachers more time to

work with individuals or small groups while the majority of the class is

progressing at their own rate

Shorthand is a perceptual-motor skill This means that practice is

necessary if a student is to progress in building skill The degree and

method of the practice should be individualized to meet the students needs

Brief forms are great time savers in taking dictation The correct

outline response must be automatic Practice is required to write the

brief forms automatically during dictation

Shorthand shortcuts and advanced phrasing do not merit emphasis

They merely tend to increase the memory load and inhibit the writer A

few memory phrases that are helpful are been able had hope etc

There is a lack of clearness and lack of agreement among teachers of

shorthand as to the amount of time that should be spent in developing skill

in the use of high frequency lords Some teachers believe t~lat if a student

masters a basic vocabulary of high frequency words he is ready to extend

his vocabulary having a foundation for writing other words

lMorris L Biggee Learning Theories for Teachers (New York Harper and Row 1964) 136

31

Students who are taught the new two-letter abbrevi ations for states

in shorthand do not have the confusion of rememberi ng both the shorthand

abbreviations for the states and the two-letter abbreviations

The following procedure was used in the preparation of the shorthand

slides

1 Available literature was reviewed in determining the content

and preparation of the slides

2 Typewriter print and ribbons pens and pencils were tested

for reproduction on various types of film and machines The most satisshy

factory were the IBM Selectric Typewriter with the Letter Gothic Ball

the Wallace Machine Scoring Number 400 Pencil and the Fighier Number 77

Pencil with a Number 2 lead The film that produced the clearest copy and

was the most durable was the Nashua Xerographic Film made on the Xerox 914

Machine

3 Price quotatio~s were secured on film mounts and carousels

The Nashua Xerographic Film cost was $2895 per 100 sheets The cost of

the mounts was $1095 per 1000 mounts Th~ carousels cost $380 and

hold 140 slides The meter charge on the Xerox 914 Machine was $10 per

copy of the film

4 White 8 12 by 11 inc~ sheets were ruled for 28 squares size

1 12 by 1 516 inches each to match the slide mount openings Individual

words were typewritten in one square and rewritten in shorthand in another

square These were the master sheets used to prepare the film

5 The film was cut into sections and each section was mounted

in a slide mount and sealed with a mount press

6 After the slides were prepared they were classified into areas

32

and filed in carousels according to the five general areas for ease in

selection and use

Co nC 1us ions

Shorthand slides can be prepared for individualized instructional

media in shorthand using Skinner1s theory of learning (stimulus-responseshy

rei nforcement)

Slides prepared in five different colors (clear blue red green

and yellow) will add variety in the classroom and reduce eye strain

There are several types of projecting equipment available from

local and national sources of supply Prices vary according to the type of

equipment purchased

There are usually suppliers in every state who can supply the

teacher with film film making machines or service and mounts

The film and mounts for the preparation Of the slides in this study

cost approximately $0249 per slide A total of 140 slides were filed in

one carousel which cost $380 or approximately $0270 per slide The

approximate cost of each slide mounted and filed in a carousel was $0519

An assembly line process would be most feasible for preparing and

mounting large numbers of slides The best order for the assembly process

seemed to be cutting mounting coding and filing

Recommendations

Equipment and supplies should be tested thoroughly before slide

~aster sheets are prepared Project sample slides to check reproduction

under magnification Defore pr~paring the final slide master sheets

33

Additional slides could be developed in some of the following

cases

1 Entire sentences could be written on one frame to improve and

develop students retention level

2 Sentences could be written on one frame for punctuation drills

3 Terminology could be developed for areas of shorthand

specialization such as legal or medical shorthand

4 Spelling words could be written on slides to reinforce good

spelling habits

Dictation tapes should be prepared to correlate with the slides

that were prepared in this study The student could individually work

with the slides and then transfer his learning while taking dictation

from tapes

A follow-up study should be done using a control group to test

the effectiveness of using the slides prepared in this study

AHdu~90Il8 I8

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A BOOKS

Biggee Morris L Learning Theories for Teachers New York Harper and Row 1964

Bishop Lloyd K Individualized Educational Systems New York Harperand Row 1969

Condon Arnold IISecretarial Education with a Future1I The American Education Yearbook Somerville New Jersey Somerset Press 1962

Forkner Hamden L and others Correlated Dictations and Transcription Gregg Diamond Jubilee Edition New York Forkner Publishing Co 1966

Good Carter V Dictionary of Education 2d ed New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1959

Gregg John R Louis A Leslie and Charles Zoubek Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1963

Hosler Russell J and others Programmed Gregg Shorthand Diamond Jubilee Series Experimental Edition New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1969

Leslie Louis A and Charles E Zoubek Key to Graded Transcribing Tests New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1964

National Audio-Visual ~ssociation 1972-1973 Audio-Visual EquipmentDirectory Evanston The National Audio-Visual Association 1972

Russon Allien R r~ethods of Teaching Shorthand Monograph 119 Cincinnati South-Western Publishing Company 1968

Sands Lester B Audio-Visual procedures in Teaching New York Ronald Press Co 1956

Seagoe May V A Teacher1s Guide to the Learning Process Dubuque Wm C Brown Co 1961

Tonne Herbert Estelle L Popham and M Herbert Freeman Methods of Teaching Business Subjects New York McGraw-Hill Book Co Inc 1965

Wittich Walter and Charles F Schuller Audio-Visual Materials Their Nature and Use New York Harper and Row 1957

36

B PERIODICALS

Bishop Lloyd K IIIndividualizing Educational Programs1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13

BrenhoIt JoAnne M and Edward L Houghton II I ndivi dual i zed Vi deo Shorthand Instruction1I The Balance Sheet LIII (May 1972) 342

Crunk Dorothy E II Learni ng Psychology and Shorthand II Busi ness Educa ti on Forum XXIII (November 1969) 17-18

Foss H A and G L Pearce IlLiven Up Laboratory Learning With Synchronized 2 X 2 Sound Slides1I Audio-Visual Instruction XIII (March 1968) 288

Hollis__R IIYour Own Slides Catholic Schools LXX (March 1970) 30

Hosler Russel J IIFocuson Individualized Instruction1 Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971) 13-17

Motley D IIHow to Find your Slides Fast1I Educational Screen AVG XLIX (fvlay 1970)18-20

Neuerburg Lawrence P Clinch New State Abbreviations with Shortened Shorthand Journal of Business Education XLIV (March 1969)242

Omiddot Connell Mary tJlargaret liThe Effectiveness of Prograrruned Shorthand t1aterials1I National Business Education Quarterly XXXVI (r~arch1969L 28-33

West Leonard J IIIndividualized Instruction1I Business Education Forum XXV (May 1971)19-21

C PAMPHLETS

Eastman Kodak Company 1970-1971 Audiovisual Products Catalog Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1970

Eastman Kodak Company Slides With a Purpose for Business Education Rochester New York Eastman Kodak Company 1971

Nashua Corporation Nashua Xerographic Film 1972 Edition Nashua New Hampshire Nashua Corporation 1972

Post Office Department Addressing for the Optical Character Reader Publication 65 Washington D C Post Office Department 1968

37

D UNPUBL~SHED MATERIALS

ONeal Howard R Study of Methods and Devices Used in Teaching Gregg Shorthand II Unpublished Masters paper Kansas State Teachers College Emporia 1968

Prince Delma Jo An Experiment Comparing the Achievement in Transcription of Students When the 500Mos t-Used Words Were Emphasized with the Achievement of Students when These Words were not Emphasized in Beginshyning Shorthand Unpublished 1aster 1 s thesis University of Maryland College Park 1967~

Weintraub Boyd and James D Finn An Analysis of Audio-Visual Machines for Individual Program Presentation Unpublished Doctors dissertation Uniyersity of Southern California Berkeley 1967

v XION3ddV

S~31S~W 3Hl 9NIln~ ~Oj 133HS 30In9 6pound

Ibulli

I

i

+-----+-----+----------1

1

i

S~31S~W 3Hl 8Nrln~ ~Oj 133HS 30rn8 6pound

S30I1S NOIIJnOO~lNI

JOJ

133HS ~31SuW

41 Introduction Slides r~-------- (--_- _- - _-

500 BRIEF 1middotOST- USED

WORDS FORMS

DISJOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

T FOR TO IN

PHRASES

AGO REPRESENTED

BY G

JOINED WORD

ENDINGS

BEEN REPRESENTED

BY B

~ TO OMITTED

IN PHRASES

STATES

bullI

I I I I

I

I I

II

I I

1 I I )

DISJOINED WORD

ENDINGS

_ _middot_middotmiddot--middotr--middotmiddotmiddot

ABLE REPRESENTED

middotBY A

THE OMITTED

IN PHRASES

JOINED WORD

BEGINNINGS

PHRASES

_-_ _ _

WANT PRECEDED BY

PRONOUN

OF OMITTED

IN PHRASES

A OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION

IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASES

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS OF THE OF THE BUSINESS amp

WEEK YEAR ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIES

I

-I

CONSONANTS VOWELS USE

GOOD PROPORTION

bullbull ~c - shy _j I

SlNVNOSNOJ

to)

S133HS H31SVW

7 L

Cgt

i I

I

~----_----___

I

Pl -r-----shy ill

bull r =r I t

I

L- bull

I I

c I i ( 5

I i i I

I

-------j- I

2 I

l

7 ill~P P

1 I

I

Ii I

~

iI j

i

Z D HP HP ~ap

J~P pap

) ljgt q

--------~----------___shys~u-eUOSUOJ

---------- __--__----_--_--shymiddot--rmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot-middot

sas 4S

I

I (

s -eWWOl)

S +Jal

I I

II

_ -~ ---shy

r pJ ----shy

J

)

I d

L----------Ll ------t-------~ I

II )j5u 5u i

I ~ i 1

I III I

I ipu u

I I -J ~---__---shy -----shy

r I i I

unw pw jW uow U~W

waw uaw (

__--~__~--------__-

S+U1UOSU0l

j

iI

zx

4----+--+ --

(7 4+

S17

ST3MOA

JoJ

S133HS M31SfW

47

a

v bull a a

ah aw

e f

----- shy

shyi

~---l-

I

I

I

_ __J

say

man

ahead

see

d ace

9

I I

1I let

-p

I1

I

I I

I

her i o d

- ~-- -- I

fine I ~--

I _______________1___ __ I

-=====e=shyi

II

I

I~ I

I I I

iJ i I

II I

i i

mark ~

--1

await ~

---~__----- _--_shy

fees ~

-- _

him ---0 shy

_-__ ~ - -

hurt Qr

_---_-_~ -_~ - ~ ~

line -~

__bullbull _ __

i J

48

Long IIi and lI a li tri al appliances

Fo11 owi ngVowel i

ltC2 e~ I I - - ---_ bull__ j- - -- middotmiddot----1----middot i 1

i a ea appropriate area QQ

_--_ --- _--_ --_-_-------~-_ -----shy

o no note ~

v I 0 aw hot i call

I c==2A L II 1 bullbull_--------_ __ _--- -_- -__ _--_---___

I I

I

Iow now f proudI (gI -=ampshy

~-- I

joyoi toy

---~_-~ i 1

it - bull_- - --middot----r ll

----- I -------

- r shoe too

00 to two L b

--+-1_ __ ----1 I _ __ 1

49

------------------------_-----___ ___-~---_-_

v V U 00 does footL1 1L

I _

I

W in the quick alwaysbody ~

I CA -shyof a word - I i

i

I I

------ I --__0 --_ ___1shyI I I

IY yawn e- I youth II

I I ~

I I----i

r j

ye yellow yielded =7C=-- u

l -- _-~----shy

I----i----t- L-_

i i

I

Ii

______~ ~ _ p bullbull _

----------------r-- I i I 1 UJ~A

os

SWJOJ 3 HIS

l0J

S133HS M31SIW

-------

--

52 Brief Forms

MrI

o ---~

are have our

-) hour

_--~_-__--~-- shy t ~-----

will a

bullwell --- an

-1 II it I am I I

at 1 o I 1

- __ _ -_ middotmiddotmiddot--~-middot----middot_--l-middot-_middotmiddot-middot --t--middot--------~j

in i is I

)not his1

1 I 1

the thatI pr i

you can

your 17--gt

L _ Ii I -L-----------JL --L_~-_-

53

Brief Forms _ ------------- r-------- -_middot-middot---1--------middot--- -----r

i 1

Mrs of i

( ~

l I

I I~---~-----

I I

with but I

t1 I C i I ----shy

for )

shall

which I I

I i I be II

I I byI

I I _-+-_--tshy(

put ( I would

---------

their this

there J J

i igood and I J~

I

----- --__--~---___ ----- -_-shy-- ~-~-_ shy

I

them

Brief Forms ~-----_- -~------T--

r-they

ro

54

--__----------_---shy

was r when a-

from shou1d ~-

I

i

sendcou1d

-- 0shy

g1ad I

~

work --

I yesterday

I

J

i i I

I

I

thank i I

1_______

y

r

1

j

I

I

very

order

)

~~--_

55 Brief Forms

(

soon enclose ~2shy

I ----_bull --- shy---~-

I I

were I I I value

year

Q- II ~

~-- ---shy

one than

I I 1-shy( won

what i about

I

I

r e

i bull

i I I I thing

I

great I

1

think i ~

I ~

I

I

i -shyI t

i

why business JI (i CJ

I

i ~-------- -- -_ __-lshy

gentlemen morningLshy I I

I 1____ ~~_---~--- - ----

Brief Forms ---__-- ----__ t -----

56

importance

important

r those

~

_ _ i ~ _ _

where ~

manufacture

7 ~ ~------middot-~--~middotmiddotmiddot--middotmiddot--T-~-

present part (c

~

I

et 0

after

company

immediate

opportunity

i I I ~ - _--__----_-__-__-------_____-_~

I

shy

(

1

I

Jz

must

wish

middot--middot--1-----middot j

advantage

advertise

IL-___ _

I

_ __ ~_

~

il

57 Brief Forms

use big 1 h()

suggest such )~~

correspondence several correspond ~o

shy

---------~-------------------------------------

how ever )out u~ every

time acknowledge ()

-_ --_--------- _0 _---- -----c--------_ ----------------- -gt-~ _-bull

general gone ~J-

during over v

_________- L___ _ _ _ 1

58 Brief Forms

question

~

envelope

L satisfactory

satisfy y-shy

C

next

-e

under I

~--------__--------~--

particular c ---------1

I

Iregular I

-----) 1i

IL-

L---~--~ __-- _--

yet

progress ~

--_---__---shy

success gt---

state v

---___ ~-- -

request

~

probable

f speak

1- _ _ _L

I

59 3ri ef Forms

------------~--------- ~

idea V

cJ subject

upon street ~-shy

-------_-----_--__--_--__--- ---------------__-_-------_____-----------shy

newspaper purpose

-F

y

regard opinion L~

---------~---------_--------__---------------

circular responsible 6-) (

-----~---~__--_

organize public c-middot--middot~l

( -----_---_

publish I ordinary

publication f I

I) I iI I I I

____________ J__ ~ __ 1__ _ __ _ __ __ __ _

60

Bri ef F()rms __ ---shy

merchant merchandise

-t -P

recognize never v--L-1d

) - --- ----_~--~---

experience between0 V ~------__-

short quanti ty v ~

-------~_ _-- __-_- middot------------------------t------middot--middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middotmiddotmiddotmiddot --- ----

si tuati on railroady -A--

lOr1d throughout----) ~

------ -------- ----- ----- ---~-_----_---------- __~------------ --- --

I

character iI

~ I --------1J

i I

-L---------------_-- J_

middot------1-----__-------------------shyI I I

------------------- -----middot-------------middot--middotmiddotmiddot------middottmiddot--middotmiddot--middot--------------shy

___----_--__-------------------shy

19

S8NINNI838 aHOM

ADdshy

S133HS C131SfW

63

Per- Purshy

-----___shy

permit

_ -_-__ ___-shy ------ -- shy

G-o

_

purchase

J-j

Em- employ

C-_P embarrass

6-e

j ----------~--------~~--- - middot--------1 -~- _ _shy ~ __~~ _-~ ~

y impressionImshy impossible

7 In- increase

~ intend

--f-I

En- encourage

_---_----_-__-----_---_ -shy

-o~encounter

------------------------1-------shyI

~-1I

-

Unshy unwritten --shy

--6

undue J _ ------ ---__--shy-- ____-_bullbull_- __ -__~- - - shy -shy~

Re- refer reorder ~

~

bullbull _ bull bullbull_1bull __ j H

64

Beginnin~ls

Be- beyond besidef f -r-----------------

v De- Di- deliver debatej f

_--_---- ---~ ---_bull_--_~~-- - - _-_~--------__~ _ bull_~ ~~-lt-- -~~ _-- ~ - __ _ bull_-- -- bull _shy

Dis- Des- dismiss despi te I

~ (G

Mis- mistake misstate -vO) -V

Ex- explain expressamp amp _ ---- ~- ~_~- -_ ___-~_~--__-___-_- -~_ bull --_-- --_~_-- ---~

Com- compel commerce ~ ~ ~

Con- conditi on convey--~

~ i

c

bullbullbull

65

II

Sub- submit sublease 1-6 ~

~_ ~_~_ __A_ _ _ __ ~_~ __ gt_ ---__ _k___ y bull __~__ ~ -_

Al- almos t alteration ~v ~

f _ bull - --___ _ -- _--~-~__-___-_~ ~~_- ----__ ____---~-__--~

forgive forceful

J--y j

Fur- furnace further JLe --------bull--------bull --j - _-- ----- --- _ ----bull-------

Tern- Etc turn attorneyr 0-0

d --_ _---------

Ul ultimately adult6

Inter- Intr- interview introduce -Enter- Entr- J

__ - - - 1_~- ~

66

enterprise entrance -~ -(

Electr- e1ectri city Q- electrician lt2--- Electric yo

110 ---------- ----middotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot ---middotmiddotmiddot----middot- --middot------------cmiddot ------_--- --- - ------ ------ --- --_ I

Post- postman postage--o- (

) superimposeSuper- supervise )

- 1lt ----------~----i ~--------~-_ -----~------~- ----- -_- ltbullbull------~- - -------- bull - __~-

Circum- circumstance circumspectC ~

Self- selfish (j

self-confident (

~ --- ---~-----_---~--- -_----- --- _--~ middot------1--shy _---____---__------_---_ --shy

Trans- translate transportation ~

i _____ __ __ __ __ bull __ - __ _ _ 1

----middotmiddot--middot-middot--------r-middot--middot-----_----------------------shy r-shy I

if I

-~~ - ~~--gt-bullbull _-~~~-- ~-_---~ _ _---_-shy------- --~__----------------__---------1

bullbull____bullbullbull_~ ~_ __~ __N__~ --

_-_-bull_---_--__----~-

aaSJi3IO

___------------__-__-__--------shy

p~ed-Ji3pun pUe+SJapun ~JapUn

L9

S8NION3 O~OM

I oJ

SB3HS K31SVW

69

-ment treatment alignment

~ ~

--~----~_-- --~----~-_- ------------

-tion nation operation

-P o

-tial confidential station

r y1

~ _~ ~ __2 ~_~___ ~__~ __ ~_ _ -_ _--_bullbullbullbull lt -

-ly namely tightly ~

o--0

-------__----------__-------_ --__- _bull_-__-~--__-------

-i ly family readi ly J)J ~

r ----_-_--~---_--_------- ---------- ------------~-------------~--- ----------~-~lt- ~

-ful careful thoughtful ~

~ ~ -__- - -_- --- - - _ shy

-sume r-sumpti on assume 2 presumption L

____ 1i

__ _ ~

70

-ther

-ble

gather

dependable

~

0(

bother

profitable

~

C-shyt

-ua1 actua1 ~

equa 11y I-P

-ure

-sel f -selves

myself

failure

-----_------------_

themselves

miniature ~

---ilt(J r)

-z9

-ort support quarter

-----~

-tain retain maintain _ -I~~

a

--___L____________ __ __ __J _

71

-cient -ciency efficient cJ proficiency

r C

_------~-------

-hood childhood ~ motherhood r ~ _-----~_-----_

-ward backward rewardcf --9 ---__-----------------_-------shy

-ship relationship membership

~ CI

-cle -cal political article~ ev-

__bull_ bull___ bull bull__ _ bull _ ___ -- - _bull __ 0_ bull_____~~ _~ ~- _~____

-ulate tabulate congratulations ~JY--ul ati ons j~

_--__-------------------------__---__-----____-~

-i ngly exceedingly surprisingly~ (00

_- -- - (

72

-i ngs readings blessings

~ Cec

I-- ---------- -------__--__------------__- ------------- --_bull ~__- _ _--- bull- shy

-gram program cablegrams ~

---3 --rmiddot-- I

------- -_--- ---_ ----____- _----- - shy

-ification notification specifi ca ti ons -v) )

----------------------~-- ---~--t--middot-----middot-----_--- ---middot--middot- _-__~_ ~-- - __ _- _

-1 i ty personality rel i abil i ty

Cz--- ~ -

~_- ~ ~_~__ __middot_middot bull ___4_middotmiddot _ _ __ ___ __ ------------

-Hy facul ty casua lty

ch--- --0 A ---

-rity author ty majority

c- -t

SNOIluIA3C199u SS3NISng C1Nu cSHINOW cSAuO

cS3IIIINunb cSINnOWu cN011unlJNnd

J0J

S133HS C131SuW

__

74

P~nctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations

period question mark

x

----__------ ----------__-----------

paragraph dash shy-gt -------_--~ _----shy

parentheses hyphen If1 -shyI

i i

400 4000Lj -i

400000 )1 I $4

Y i y -- _ _ -----------1-I

$4000 $400000 yViI

i I _________ J

I olclock four

_ ___~v_~J $45~ J____ ~~ _

75 Punctuationgt Amounts Quantities Daysgt Monthsgt and Business Abbreviations

-- ~---~_~ ~----~_--------

4 per cent $500j ~ S

I

1

t _ --------------__----- 1shy

5gt000gt000 $5gt000gt0005_ 6

5

several jbillion 6( iI

hundred I ii ~ I

i ~ -____--

I

a dollar ii

a million I ~ I

II _-~- ------ shy

4 pounds 8 feet2-( Fj

Sunday Monday l- ----2shy

__J

Tuesday

i I

I I I

I

Wednesd~y

d-~

I

~_L ~ J

__

--

76

Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations -------------------- 1------------~~----------- ----~--- ---

Thursday Friday ~ 2sectJ--shy

~_~~_ bull_bull~ __gt H~ __~__~_bull _ bullbullbull~ _~ _~_ ~~____~-~ j-~_ ---------~

Saturday January

d J

__~ ~ __ ___~ -__nOo_ __J ~ __~_ _ ~_ ~_ ~ J

I I pound

February March

4I --- _~-_--_-- --__~---

April May ~ -0

June JulyL I iYI~ I shy

I ----------- -~~ - -_ ------- -~---~-j ~-- - ~~_middot-middotmiddotmiddot_------middotI middot---------middot- --i

til iI

August

September

j

j (e----) II

1 Imiddot1 -- _ ___ 1_____ - --- shy middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middot---middot---r----middotmiddot----

I I

1October I November 1c--

~

h I I bull

77 Punctuation Amounts Quantities Days Months and Business Abbreviations ------~- __- -_-- --~-~-___-----~_~------_- _~ -~--_ _ - -~ - ~-~_-- ----~~-lt _ -~ - shy

December Dear Mr

~ ~

Dear Mrs --4 Dear Miss (3

Yours Cordiallysincerely yours ---jshy

I__----shy --r-II

IVery h cordi ally Dear Sir yours

---------T------~ II

Sincerely Yours r-L~ yours respectfully i i

I----__--_--__-------- ---_+__----~-___-__~---__ _-__ --_ __-_-shyI I

Respectfully I Very truly I yours )

--

I 1

iii 1---------middotmiddotmiddot - --- Very truly I 1

_Yours J~r

S3SI~Hd

A oJ

S33HS ~31SlW

80 prYases

it has been you should have been1 1

you might I could have been have been~ middot01

-~- ___ bullbullbullbull ~bull_-- - bull ~--~ ---__-_ __bull~gt

Should wouldv~ ~be able be able

- - ------- ---~ bull----------- _- _~ - ---- _____ gt-__ bull po~-_ ~_~ ~_

had been has been able ableA

~_ _~ ~________ _~ ___0__ ___ _____ __ __- _

have not I have not been able been ablei l

---_bullbull bullbull_--_ lt - ~_--- lt laquo bull laquolt -laquolt

you Ioul d to be able be able ~b t

----------_-_- __---------- bull -----lt- ---~---__-__-~-__ __ - _~~---___- _~ - -- - -_ - bull

I want you wanta a

------------ --- ----------

81 Phrases ----

they want we want ~ gt-

she wants who wantsy

if you if youv vwant wanted

------------------____ _~----~

days ago weeks ago~ ~

---------- ----------- __ -- -_ -~ ~ bull -~-- _ _ -_

months ago years ago ~

~

___ _ bullbull _ bull bullbull~ ~ __~~_ _~_ L_~_ ~~A ~ __

few days Abl e to ago ~ say ~

------ ---- _-_ ----__- -- ---~- - --- ~ ------ - ----- ---- -- -- -- -~ ---- - - --

able to see glad to see

~ ~0

- ____ _ bull rmiddotbull J~bullbull __ - -_~___bull__~__~ ~ __

82 Phrases ------------------------~~ middotmiddotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddot--middot~~middot---t--------middotmiddotmiddot--middot-middotmiddot middotmiddotmiddot

in order in order to be to have-C ~

in addition duri ng the to the past~ ~

in the past in the world -Y

~

on the many of the question -~6-

~ ---------lmiddot1 ------------- - -

J

one of the I one of them I ~ ~

-_ -- - _- 1-shyl I j

out of date out of thisa4 I rYJ I ~

------ ---------__---_-_ -- bull -_ - ------

jsome of our I some of

2 0I ~ I these

I II I------------_bullbull bullJ__ bull __ bull_ bullbull

Phrases -----------------_--____---------_

83

I

at a loss ~(

at a time ~

-__---_ --Y - -_bullbull__________ - _ -------1 -~

for a few ina days

~ positi on

~ _______~bullbullbullbull_ bull bullbull_ _~ _ __---_--_-shy ~------~-~bullbull------ V bullbull _

for a long for a moment 2 1time ~

am pmC)- (shy

COD ~

Chamber of Commerce I

I ~ I

I I

t i I I

I vice versa J of course I

I C---)

I I

1

middot1

as soon as ~ as soon as possible i SfL ___

_~ 1----- _0---__

-------------------r--------r------shy

-------------____-j--__------__------------_----------shy

adotj aM

op 0)

-_ _--___----_----------------shysastJlJd

178

S31V1S

J0dshy

S133HS ~31SVW

86 States

~ 1------- )

Alabama Q- Alaska Cfl

1----------------------------1--------------------~--- ---_shy

9 ~Arizona Arkansas

j -~- -----~ - _

~ 1

California -0 Colorado -u (

I i I I -__ ____ ~_ 4

Connecticut

I I

I (

i --

I

~ bull

Delaware t

( i

imiddotl _______- _

1

Florida ( U

I t

Georgia I I

J

~ ~ _l_____ ~ __~ __~_ _ __ middotmiddotr ~

Hawaii () )

f Idaho 1 6 _~ 4 __ -----___~---_ --~--- ___----- -_ _- shy

(

111 i noi s ltL- Indiana

-_-_-- ~

87 States

~ -__---~-__-----__~bullshy

I

Iowa I I Kansas I

0 Imiddot i ---r I I

-I

Kentucky 0

I

I Louisiana

~

J

I

Maine 0

Maryland i

I

-__-~

I

Massachusetts

0

I I I

Michigan i I

f i - I

Minnesota Mississippi

Missouri I

I Montana

v I

I

I Nebraska I Nevada

(

r

I I I

88 States

~~ bullbull~ ~ bullbullbullbull bull _ bullbull_ bull _ W_~lt~_~_ ~ - _~ __ - ~_bullbull_~ __ ~_---- ~ ~_ _

New Hampshire New Jersey

bull t_---------------__ ~

New Mexico New York ~

North North Carolinq --I Dakota J

Ohio

-____shy I i

I 1

Oregon

I-----------middot1 I

Rhode Island

i

----------- --__ shy

Oklahoma v

I

I

J I I Pennsylvania i

~ 1 I i

I r I

1 1 j

1 South

-sect) Carolina I

j I

-I

6

-----

)-)

- ---- ~ I

South i Dakota I TennesseeI I

I I ~ I I

I

I ________ 1II

I

Wash ng ton ru West ) Virginia

I ___-

Wyomi ng f) i Wisconsin 3

t _1 ____ ~~

District Of Columbia ~

-----_

--------------------i------------------ --

) _ shy--~-_--

SO~OM 03Sn-1SOW 005

JOj

S133HS ~31SfW

--

91 500 Mos t~Used Words---_---------------------shy

a an able Gbull

---__-shy

afternoon and~ J

I

~ i

asked 9-v I

I i

be (

before lt f

I f

II

I I

believe

I

~ I

n--t----middot-middotmiddot

___-shy

I I

I Ican ~ car--- I I ~ I

I r -__ _ltt

I I

care i company ~ I I

copy do ~

92

500 Most-Used Words ------ middot-middot--middot---- ~middotmiddotmiddot~-lmiddotmiddotmiddot---middot---- -middot--middot

each early

QJ)I i ~~----- -____1 ---- ---- --~- ---~_~- --- ~-~_-~~_~ _~--

few ftrst oLv _bullbull v~ ~

for get) ~

i I-------f---------~--- - -_ middot-middot1 --middot- bull__--_ middotmiddotmiddotw _- ___ I

I ~

great Ii

has

i~ I i

I __ 1L ----middotmiddot--middotT-middotmiddot-middot-I -middotmiddotmiddot----r---middot- _

9

I 1---

I I I I I I I

I have I her

I) Q

i I I

r---shy

in home

c not

I I I

it later

at ~

------ -- ---1 _ bull_ bull1

500 Most-Used Words 93

leave

-j letters ~

1ike mail ~ ~

may morning o

new ~ I of --

I I l

I t i _~V-

1 I

office ( I on I

I

I e-shyI I

-_-~-_ _ _-~----__--1

~ ~ I

II

I

_ _shy _ Cl

I orders position I

~I I i I

l---shy -_-_- -_-shy I --_- -shy _ i I

ready

1

I I

-- Saturday

I 0 Pshy

I I I -------

94

500 Most-Used Words

she six 6

take the~l (

them thisrcr- J

_-----___------ _yen -__-_ ~--~

to today~ ~

_~ middot_middotW_~middot_middotmiddot__ _~middot4~_

very ) we ~

___o-- _ _ ~ __ ---- ---------r-------- -----~---

weeks well

~ ~

1

work ii th I r-Y~0shy

_ J _ _ JI

_

95 500 Most-Used Words1------middot--middot----middot-middot-middot-middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot

I I

~ou_c

accept

~ --------~--__

always ~

balance 0-

book h

check h

come ~----

writi ng ~

accou nt c7)-J

-~--~_-k-__~

am

bank

card

close

credit

__ bullmiddotmiddot - ----- shy~_i-----middot-

0(

~

~(

~

96 500 Most-Used Words

date day~ ~

-

l i

1department V-- every )

-___-_ ---__----_ _----- -------------__-_

go goi ngr-u ---u

I o if J

is keep

his ) l

know letter-u ~

_ ___- bull_----____-_~~-~-_--- - -~~ ~_ -

me money-0 ~

500 Most-Used Words--~~--~--------~------~--____ ----------------------_-~- -1-_middotmiddotshy 97

must my- (J

I _-------- shy

I

I necessary need i -uo - ---_------------------------------- --~-~-_

ynext open Lshy--Q

l- _

~

pay ro records -~

summer L -- sure ~

__~-~~-_ - ----------__~__-- -----~ -- - _ ~_ __~--___- bull _ -shy

their three- ~ there

-----------_---_

up ( week )

Cl

__

98 500 Most-Used Words

__---__bull _- -----_- __ ~__ -- _ -_ -- _-- ---- ---------_bull--- -~-----~-_~-_ -~-__ ~

when

0shy

write ~

your

you

7

appreciate oCp

bi 11 buy fQL

charge does 1tLt if

due four LI

~-----------------__--------_-----_----

friend giveu

happy mightt -e)

I I ___ ~ l l ____--1

----------------

99 500 Most-Used Words

month more __~r

--0

most mother --y-eC - I

not one

in ~--

order people L

-------__ ~~----_ bull_~ --------_ - --_ _shy

present promptlyc u -

receive remittance U (

J (

---__----- ------------+ I i I

send I

set y~

__J J __ ~

----

100

o

time

these

~-~-------

9

~

_~ __

r

Q-

shy~ -_- -__ - __ -----~------------

were

year

they

I

about f after

- --shy

7

ago uru amount c-(-middotJu

i

middot-middot-Tmiddot-------middot-------r ~

-------shy

another ~

answer 0-0

any I big h~

1 - -----~-~-~----------[

i I bring c I

Ii

L~I called

L ~__ -J ~_l_ --

---------__----_ i

came

500 Most-Used Words

r-----shy0

city

101

complete --- 0 ~

contract ~---

could country I r)---L _r--

-------------------------------------------shy

find foundJ J

from furnish 1 L

got hard -- l r~ o

-------------

I I

he

___ __ I

o

I I

__l him

o

i -l

102 500 Most-Used Words ~----------

make man ~---

0 --0shy

our material hour

are --~

paper request6 ---cG

sent supplyy u _---____---shy

than that- fJ

------------------middot--middotmiddot-----middot--middot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotmiddotmiddot-middotcmiddot----middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot middot

use was ) rtJ

-_ -- ----------_--_---__--- ___--_- -- ___-_- ~_-~gt-__---_~_-~_--_~_~

Jere which

year Q

_ -- ---- - ---_- - --- _---___ - ~-- ---_ --_ _- __--_~- ---- --------- shy

104 500 ~ost-Jsed Words

- _--(----------- ---- -- - ------ --_middot------_middot------1- _--------1 II

I I-- I ir2turn cannot

~v

J

~~class desire~

1-------------middot--middotmiddot I

eveni ng forward1bull v

Friday good ~w

~

havi ng ) looking ~

how pretty (p0()out

--__---__ _--~-_ ___-__--~~-_-__--------~~_- ~-_ _ _ - - -

question some ~

t

105 500 Most-Used Words

stay unti 1 yO J-

---------_bull-- -- ----_-- -- _~

by ( down Lshy~

i - bull-_ __0 bull _ bull bull __ ~~ -- bull _ ___ bull __ bull~_~ ___ bullbullbull_ bull _~ _bull bull__bull __ bull _~ _u_ __ _ _

had its shy

_ ___ _ bullbull bullbullbullbull __~_~_C__bullbull bull bullbull__bullbull __~bullbullbull _~ ___ bull _bullbull_~____~ ~_ bull__bull ~_ __v _ bullbullbull__ ~_bullbull 1-----II

I making Mr -~- ~--0 I

Ir--- ------------------------------------_------

Mrs much -( 7

near number --SL -=c

----- I

paid paymenty cf-shyI

_J_ ~ --

106 500 Most-Used Words

place

probably

small

c( please

10

--

r

rather

---- --------shy

~ town

winter all~

-------------------------------------shy

almost away C----(-C

C-z

uV

----------------

fr- - 010shy

---------~-

~

--- ------- _-_

middot8 --------------------------------~--------- - --

busy enclosed ~ 10

--~ -- --~--- _ - _~ ~ - -----~-- -~-- -----l--middotmiddot------------------j--- -------middot-- ~~

end J fine )Ushy

_____________J ---------L---_----- _

107 500 Most-Used Words

bull __ 0 bullbullbullbull bullbullbullbull _ bullbull - __ _ __ bull __bull__~_~ ~_M _---------~ ~

information --) -1

I

J job II

C ------~----_----_ ---_____

received -4 j

sale ~

statement y

invoice

4

Monday

___-_ __- _--_-- ___ shy

report

_ -------------__-_ _-~~ ~_

show

used

2shy

_ _-_-_ __

-~ V

L

r

whil e

ca 11 --lA--~

can l t feel- ~

--------middotr-_middot middot_middot__middot -------_ - - _- - ---

108

500 Most-Used Words _---

hear heard bull Q-

meeting once ----dshy

_--- _______- _----_ __-----_ ____

part special~

subject talkJ i

~ ~_ ~ ~ ~__~ ___bull____bullbull _ __ __ __ W_ bullbull ___ middot t _-_

tomorrow unable~

---- ---_------ _--~

us business J

------------- -----_--___ --

QJ

r-J-r

_--__----shy

f

~

__~ bullbull-lt____~

r---O -

----------- shy

( ---- _--_

course doneI -----tt-e i I

___J __ J __laquo _ bull _laquo

109 500 Most-Used Words

doubt express~ amp

~-----------_ __ __ __- _-_ -_ bull_-_--~ --_ - bullbull_----_ __--shy

here little Q ~

---__-_ __bull-__---_ _bull_--_ - -- -~

mind off J-~

or reference ~

~ -------- -__--_

remain returned ~ -9 I

satisfy school

satisfactory ~ )-----L--

second short ~ v

110

500 Most-Used Words -- _-_ _ --- -_-_ --__- -__~---_ --~--_--_- ~---------------~-gt-~--_- -~ _-___~_ ____---- -~-~__-_~

taki ng then ~) ~

------------------__----__-- _------ _-_ __-_ -_-__------__--_ _----- --shy

two understand ~

whether writtenbull()shy -~

----I ~ -~__ -_-_ ~-______ __ - - --- ---- __O

yesterday already ~ ~

attention been7o c

better change

~ ~ _---_-__--__-

fact favor)-- 2 -

I

111 500 Most-Used Words

further January

v ck ------__-__--_ __- --bull-------------- -- - __-_bull-----_ - __--_-_--------shy

look men ~-~J

--------------------------------~__-__~~_----------------~~----

months only __Ir( c-o

---------- --- ----------middot----1------ ----------____ bull- shy

over ~ perhaps co ~

price since d-(~

took within --------~ r

again back r o~ c~

I I

II

I

___ __ J_________ 1 _ ____ __--1

112 500 Most-Used Words

between certainly u~Ovshy---------------_shy

dear half 9

high nighto -d

offer oldz- v-J

------ -------------------------- --shy

past pleased

~ 0 _____ bull rbull ~_~_

said sir Q

soon ten k- 0

I

I - ----------------__ 1__

__

113 500 Most-Used Words I~--- 1----middot-middot------------------------- ---------

L-C)truly wanted ~ - -- bull__- - bull bull bullbull __bull__lt0

young yours~ 1

r--------r--~-------------- - ---_--- _

did enough cry i _ _ _~ i__ __~ __~ ~ __ ~- -_-- ~ _ _N - ___bullbull~_~_~_ bullbull __ ~~lt bullbull~ bullbull _~ -_

given last ~ ~ ~

1ess 1is t ~~

r----- _--------------_- _---------__- _-_--bull-

own pricese- Cq _---_-------------__--_------- -- ---_bull_bull_ _-

receipt regardi ng -o-~

--_ _-shy

_--_-___

adoq

6u ~na5

_ __-----__---------shy

Allap 6 Sl

_ -----~--M---middot------middotmiddot-------l-middot---shy

ssaJppl

-_--~---____-------shy

jUlM al qnoAj

asoddns

juawd pJs 2W1S

SPJOM pasr-+soW OOS 17ll

----------

115

500 Most-Used Words ------- -- _---__-----~---__- _---_--------__------shy

interest no ) --e

---- -~-- _ --------- ~- middot middotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddotmiddot-~~--middot --middotmiddotmiddotmiddot----middoti ---middot------middot ------_-

note prompt cJ-c

regard reply-O~ u

replying seems d-c

~

sending severa1

~

becausesurely

I-J ~ _---~---------__---

both box I -~ (__L_

116 500 Most-Used Words r------------~---------~-------------

I boy case

i W ~9

helpfollowing l-u ~

left possible ---~j

j f

taken --c)L

thought i I i ~ I

I--r _--~

together

I ~r--r I I

went I i I I I I I

Y

- I I I

_L

117 500 Most-Used Words

future goods )~ --J

hand indeedJ ___________ _middot__ M_middotmiddot__ ~_ __ bull bull _~_middot~___ ~~__k~_-_middot ~--

nothing now--r --DJ

_---- ___ ~ __M ~_ ~ bull middot~ bullbull bullbull _)~ ___ - bullbullbullbullbullbullbull bullbull -bullM _middot_ bullbullbull _ _ _~bullbull _bullbull ~ bullbull _ bullbull bull_~ ~ ~~ ~

other pleasure rrshy ~

----------------------_bull_--___-__-__- __-__

quite really ~if ---9--9

returni ng service ~ 6-

c _-_----~---__--__ _- __bull _-------_ _ - _ -----~---i- __-shy

shipped sincerelyt i

- -- -- t _- _~ ~~~

d--v

118 500 Most-Used Words

size thank r--

~

too bei ng (

but ( connection ~~i

I

cost dont ~

------------__-- -_ --__ p-__-_ yen~- bullbullbullbullbull_- - - -~-----

I

II

either enclosinga ~

~~ _----- _--~ -- -- -- ----_ _- -- - - _ _

girl how ~ ()

----------- ---------- --------~ ---- -_ -------middot-i---middotmiddot-middot-- ~---~--------- -------- --_- --- -- __

large 1i ne ~-r---j

_-1__

119 500 Most-Used Words

---~----- _---- _- -- ~ -_ ----__---~- _----____ _~ - _bull__ -~ _---____~ - _ ___ bull~

lot meet ~ ---gtlt-6

~ _~_ ~ ~~ ~_bull __ __bull _ __bull bullbullbullbull __C_ _ bullbull _ bullbull 4middot bullbullbullbull bull bullbull bullbull bull__ bullbull_~bullbull _ bull bull

see tell d Jl---

----------__--_-----___---- -_ bull -___ _~-

those toldl ~

try way g~

why without () riamp

--------- _----__bull_

wrote anythi ng ~ cr-o

expect number-- ~ i

120 500 Most-Used Words

sha 11 state v

along bed y~

t~----_~ __gt_ ~ _~ __~ ~-Jo_ _

cover cut

2 ~

__------gt------ - ----- ~- _--- ~_~ ~-~ -

different -w ever ) i

L _~gt ___ _ _ _ _

I

kind knew ~ --gt

--~~

name never a 7

-~------ jbull ---

remember say Jc i __ bullL __ __L_ ___ _ __~

121 500 Most-Used Wqrds

-yen------__--__--~-_ ____-~ ~ ___~ _ ---~ -__-----___--_--~---

thingsuch

j ~think

value wasteL ~

what wherec cv

------------ ~-----t~middotmiddotmiddot-----middotmiddot-middot--~middotmiddot-middotmiddot ~ bull -shy --~ -----~ ---~- ----

bad coveringf ~2 ~

- ---------------~--------__~ _____--___----_

didnt everythi ng i----middot-------------r--middot----middot------ j --__ --------shy

except gaver ~

gone ---- however (J)

JI

__ - ___ bullbullbull __ __bull __~ __ ~_- 0shy____ ------ ----- Ii

-_--+

r---- I ------r------------shy

-I I

tf I i I7I )snr

i I

5u~op punoH

AJJOS

) SaJ paJapJO

)s-eal

O)u~

______c ------___ _ bull-- bullbull--_-bullbullbull_ ---t

SPJOM pasn-)sow 009 22l

123 500 Most-Used Words

-------- __ _-___--------__-- -__ _~ __ - - --shy_-------~

life love

--jyen

~gt

)

real regret Q 1--0--

so something ) ~

sti 11 trust ~v-r

war ~

who 7

~

world rY)

1

above 5 I

1

against begr-L

U t-

I --~--_~_~__ -L __ )

124 500 Most-Used Words

----~-----------------------

guess matter

~ -6

nice seem d-R

thanking ~

I though i I

I Ii -__-----_--_--tmiddot I j

C i Iupon whole

CA--

- _~ ----~--

enclose made -r) -6

_____l _

myself therefore GJ -1

under yes1 CJ

I

_ JII

__ __ _

-middot ----------------c-------------------shy

____-~----__------ --shy

i -~ ~--~~~---_~~---_ T----~ -~-----~-~~-------+-- -~--bull---bullbull

tpuns

I ~ ___--~ _---_~ bull____~ bull__--__-- _bull _ ---~~ _-~----____-----___--_--shy

UOSti3A

~_---------------------------------___

6u puogt PLdeggt

SPAOM paSn-lSoW OOS

8 XION3ddu

MOUNT amp fl LMt Sea 1ed

MOUNTS AND FI LM

MOUNT ~ The black area is the seal r-t---shy

Before Sealing

CODES FOR THE VOWEL SLIDES

v-Ie

Vowel -shy No 1

VOWL

Introduction Slide -shyVowels C Third in a series of 5

V-A V-IO

Vowel -shy No 1 AU First in series of5

Vowel -shy Nomiddot 1 0 Fourth in a series of 5

V-18 V-IE

Vowel -shy No 1 liB Second in Series of 5

Vowel -shy No E Fifth in

1 a series of 5

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so they would be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

CODES FOR THE CONSONANTSLIDES

C()N8tJAIfNT5

r

SJWNOSNro

~

Introduction Slide -shyConsonants

~~~

bull bull I

~~ eI~

Consonant -- No 1

1

Consonant -- No 1

When pairs of slides are filed the typewritten word is always first

Slides shown as they were coded Codes were written so theywould be visible when the slides were filed in the carousels

J XIaN3ddif

---

--

-Introduction Slides

500 BRIEF JOINED MOST-USED STATES WORD

WORDS FORMS BEGINNINGS

DISJOINED JOINED DISJOINED WORD WORD WORD PHRASES

BEGINNINGS ENDINGS ENDINGS

T FOR TO BEEN ABLE WANT PRECEDED- IN shy -BYREP~NTED REP~NTED PHRASES BY A PRONOUNBY ~ -

~ I

AGO I

TO THE OF REPRffiNTED OHITiED OMmED OfItmED

BY G IN PHRASES IN PHRASES IN PHMSES

-I I IA

OMITTED INTERSECTED SPECIAL PUNCTUATION IN PHRASES PHRASES PHRASESI I

DAYS MONTHS AMOUNTS

IOF THE BUSINESSOF THE middot amp WEEK ABBREVIATIONS QUANTITIESYEAR

bull middotmiddot bull bull bull I

USE CONSONANTS I VOWELS I GOOD

PROPORTION

bull

bull

uuosuo~

States

AlabaM Q-~ - ~Alu dlshy

- shy

-

Ar1 ZOM - 9 --- - ArkanllS ~ -

- shy -shy - -

California 0 Colorado U-shy

Connecticut --Y Delaware

Florida U Georgia d

bull dHawaii () bull Idaho bull bullbull I I

- bull bull

111 1no15 CL- Indiana -

bull

a XON3dd

Tab

le 1

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS

AND

DIST

RIBU

TORS

OF

SL

IDES

FI

LM

BIND

ING

SO

RTIN

G

AND

MOU

NTIN

G EQ

UIPM

ENT

AND

SUPP

LIES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Art

-a-G

raph

In

c Ea

stm

an

Kod

ak C

o Em

de P

rodu

cts

Inc

Gem

-Mou

nts

and

Gem

-Mas

ks

Co

Kai

ser

Prod

ucts

La

wre

nce

Phot

o Su

pply

In

c

3M

Bus

ines

s Pr

oduc

ts S

ales

In

c M

onta

ge P

rodu

ctio

ns

Inc

Pla

stic

Sea

ling

Cor

p

Sear

y M

anuf

actu

ring

Co

rp

Sic

kles

In

c Y

anke

e Ph

oto

Prod

ucts

529

S middotS

even

th S

t 34

3 S

tate

St

2040

Sto

ner

Ave

Box

630

Tim

es

SqBo

x 31

01

802

WSe

cond

4800

W K

e 11 o

g949

W 27

St

1507

N

Gar

dner

St

19 N

ebra

ska

Ave

PO

Box

33

96

407

E R

edon

do B

each

Min

neap

olis

MN

55

415

Roc

hest

er

NY

1445

0 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0025

New

Yor

k

NY

1003

6 C

olor

ado

Spr

ings

CO

809

07

Wic

hita

KS

67

201

Wic

hita

KS

67

209

New

Yor

k

NY

1000

1 H

olly

woo

d

CA

9004

6

End

icot

t

NY 1

3760

S

cott

sdal

e A

Z 85

357

Gar

dena

CA

902

47

W

-J

Tab

le

2

MAN

UFAC

TURE

RS A

ND D

ISTR

IBUT

ORS

OF S

LIDE

PRO

JECT

ORS

ILLU

STRA

TED

ON T

HE

fOLL

QWIN

GPAG

ES

Com

pany

S

tree

t C

ity

Ber

gen

Expo

Sys

tenl

s In

c B

raun

E

lect

ric

Can

ada

Ltd

Buhl

O

ptic

al

Co

Bus

ch

Film

amp E

qui p

men

t Co

C

hris

tie

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

Rou

te

46

3269

Am

eric

an D

r 10

09 B

eech

Ave

21

4 S

Ham

i lto

n 34

10 W

67 S

t

Lod

i NJ

07

644

Mis

siss

auga

O

ntar

io

Pit

tsbu

rg

PA 1

5233

Sa

gina

w

MI

4860

2 Lo

s A

ngel

es

CA 9

0043

Dec

isio

n Sy

stem

s Ea

s tm

an

Kod

ak

Co

Inc

E 6

6 M

idla

nd A

ve

343

Sta

te S

t Pa

ram

us

NJ

0762

5 R

oche

ster

NY

14

650

fort

une

Aud

io-V

isua

l GA

F C

orpo

rati

on

Har

wal

d Co

mpa

ny

35 B

erge

n Tp

k 14

0 W

51

St

1245

Chi

cago

Ave

Lit

tle

Fer

ry

NJ

0764

3 Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

020

Eva

nsto

n

IL

6020

2

Hon

eyw

e 11

Inc

Hop

pman

n C

orpo

ratio

nH

udso

n Ph

otog

raph

ic

Indu

stri

es

Inte

rnat

iona

l A

udio

V

isua

l In

c In

c

5501

S

Bro

adw

ay

541

0 P

ort

Roy

al

Rd

2 S

Buc

khou

t S

t 11

9 B

lanc

hard

St

Lit

tlet

on

CO

801

20

Spr

ingf

ield

VA

22

151

Hud

son

NY

10

553

Sea

ttle

WA

981

21

Lei

tz I

nc

Roc

klei

gh

NJ

0764

7

Mot

iva

Ltd

115

E 5

5 S

t Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

022

Pre

sent

atio

n T

echn

ical

A

ids

Inc

630

Nin

th A

ve

New

Yor

k

NY 1

0036

R

eali

st I

nc

PO B

ox

67

Men

omon

ee F

alls

WS

53

051

Spi

ndle

r amp

Sau

ppe

Inc

Stro

ng

Ele

ctri

c Co

rp

1303

4 S

atic

oy S

t PO

Box

10

03

Nor

th H

olly

woo

d

Tol

edo

OH

436

01

CA 9

6105

T M

Vis

ual

Indu

stri

es

Tel

-A-S

tory

In

c In

c 25

W45

St

517

Mai

n St

Ne

w Y

ork

NY

10

036

Dav

enpo

rt

IA 5

2805

w

co

-~

~

amp J~~L

2 Z~iw~-2T

- ~

-shy

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to JUx4

laquo bull

139 BERGEN EXPO SYSTEMS INC Model O-R-lOOO Price $199500 ii Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 140

IOperation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals srmishy ~ automatic push button on projector remote control I forward and reverse focus I

Lamp Custom Xenon 1000 watt equivalent blower cooled ILens 4 or 5 f28 Weight 49 Ibs including built-in power supply l Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Lamphouse contains built-in power supply various focal

length lenses availa ble IiI I

o BRAUN ELECTRIC CANADA LTD- Model Braun D7 o Price $4995 Projects 2x2 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 50 watt quartz and 25 watt viewer lamp convection cooled Lens 85 mm f45 Screen 2~x2A~I Weight 5~ Ibs Dimensions 6-58xI0-18x3-58 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~~

shy- BUHL OPTICAL CO Model Hi Lite 820-800 Price $75000 Projects 2x2 slides

~ Capacity 80 Operation Built-in slide changer remote control forward and reverse

focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt blower cooled Lens I to 155 Weight 281bs Dimensions 14x IS x 14 Power 120 V 60 Hz

~

t1~ Other Models 820-20 separate cooling pack $75000 Notes 3000 lumen output various lenses available

BUSCH FILM t EQUIPMENT COMP ANY Model Cine-Slide 325 Price $32500 Projects 2x2 slides

1

~ Operation Automatic remote or on-machine control built-in slide changer

~

Capacity 80 slides ~t Lamp 500 watt blower cooled

Lens f14 Screen 14x 14 built-in

Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 201bs

~

63

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

140 BUSCH FILM amp EQUIPMENT COMPANY Model 6-240SS Big Screen Cine-Slide Price $109500 Uses Kodak Carousel Model 85 II

L Operation Automatic or manual Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Lens 3 Screen 28x28 Weight 125 Ibs Dimensions 40x25x65 Power 120 V 60 Hz Notes Equipped with cartridge tape recorder mike for inaudible

projector control push button start cycling stop

-M- w CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFB900-3624E Projector with Xenolite Price $339000 -~ f~ r -~fj Projects 2x2 slides 2Yx2Y slides 3Yx4 slides

1 Operation Manual (hand operated) lt ( bull ~ Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled~ ~l~-~

Lens 12Vz - 26 fl4 -li Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFB900-3624EG customer furnished projector $277500 Notes Brightness about 7 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolite Division Model BFL450-46 Xenolite with Kodak Ektographic Price $222000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 80 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals 58 15

seconds semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus

Lamp 450 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 4-6 f35 zoom Power 120 V 60 Hz Weight 1351bs Dimensions 18x20-18x30y Accessories Remote douser on-off etc $24000 lap dissolve for two

projectors $69000 Other Models BFL45O-0G with customer furnished projector $201000 Notes Brightness about 4 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

~-_~ ~~~~~_-~ bull gt ~ ~ tmiddot _~

r~j --~ij~~

l i (

- L-shy

- bullbullA

DECISION SYSTEMS INC Model Carobeam B2 Price $79500 case $6500 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity amp0 slides Operation Semimiddotautomatic push button on projector remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp BRN 1200 watt fan and blower cooled Lens Weight

I through I 512 and zoom 201bs Dimensions I I l2X II x I I

Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random access selection $149500 Other Models Carobeam-2 with dissolver $179000 Carobeam-2 random

access with dissolver $349500 Notes Special application projectors may be developed from basic

models

64

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY 141 Model Kodak Ektagraphic Arc

bull Price Projects Capacity Operation

$120000 2x2 slides 80 140 with Carousel Slide Tray Manual (hand operated) builtmiddotin slide changer automatic

_

focus maintenance at machine and remote automatic (timed) 5 10 15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp GE Marc 300 fan and blower cooled Weight Power supply 26Ylbs projector module 27~ Ibs Dimensions Power

9-38xl B4x20-18 120 V 60 Hz UL listed

Notes Power supply interchangeable with Pageant Arc 16 mm Sound Projector

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model AF-2 Price $21450 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray

Operation Manual built-in slide changer automatic (timed) intervals ~ 58 15 seconds semi-automatic pushbutton on projector

remote control forwardreverse focus ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 IOYlbs Dimensions 4x 1034x I 1-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Lenses $2250-$4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 521500 Filmstnp adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889

Notes Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Accessories

Notes

Kodak Ektagraphic Model 8-2 $15950 case $1295 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer semi-autoshymatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus ELH 300 watt Lens 5 f35 lOY Ibs Dimensions 4x 1034x 11-38 120 V 60 Hz UL listed 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35 $3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 625889 Accepts al1 other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

--1 11 F-7- __ bullgt - -pound-

( ~~~) middot~A tptmiddot

rmiddot lI

Cia ---( EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY Model Kodak Ektagraphic Model E-2 Price $10950 case $1295 Projects 2x2 slides filmstrips with adapter Capacity 80 140 with Carousel 140 slide tray Operation Manual (hand operated) semi-automatic push button on

projector Lamp ELH 300 watt fan cooled Lens 5 f35 Weight 10Yz Ibs Dimensions 4x I 034x 11-38 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 2W f35 lens $2250 3 f35 $1250 7 f35

$3650 zoom 4-6 $4250 Carousel sound synchronizer Model 2 $3950 Carousel dissolve control Model 2 $21500 Ektagraphic filmstrip adapter $3995 if used substitute Ektagraphic arc slide projector front condenser lens 1625889

Notes Accepts all other Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

65

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 3~x4

142

Dimensions 12x 12x 12

Notes

Lamp Lens Weight Power Other Models

FORTUNE AUDIO-VISUAL Model Mor-Lite Price $79500 case $5000 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 81 or 140 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 58 or 15 second

intervals forward and reverse focus 1000-2000 watt blower cooled As required 201bs 120 V 60 Hz With random access capability $159500 Mor-Lite II 2 projectors with fade dissolve $199500 Accepts all Carousel accessories

~

r

lio~

r _ ~~

----11deg1_

shy

0lt

t ~

GAF CORPORAnON Model 970 AN Price $15950

~ 1 ~

~-~~~~f

--~

r~W 0 -

c I

~ ~

j

Projects 2x2 slides accepts cardboard mounted slides onlyCapacity I 00 slides Operation Built-in slide changer circular gravity feed automatic

(timed) I second intervals remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp 500 watt fan cooled Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 100 slide tray $295 80 glass mounted slide tray $295

Auto-sync tape synchronizer $2950 slide-seeker for random access $3995

THE HARWALD COMPANY Model Admatic Price $99500 including case Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 30 Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) semi-automatic

push button on projector remote control forward and reverse

Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens 3 f30Screen 16x23 built-in Weight 1501bs Dimensions 66~x28xI8 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Other Models Sonomatic with 2 track tape cartridge playback $149500

Sonomatic RP with both record and plaYback capability $189500

HONEYWELL INC Photollraphic Products Division Model Preview AV-II 6694 Price $19950 Projects 2x2 slides Capacity 120maximum with round tray less with various straight trays Operation Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5 to 30 second

intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus

Lamp EGH 150 watt blower cooled Lens 4 f28Screen 2Y2X2W built-in Dimensions 7x12x12 Power 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Accessories 34 or 5 f35 lens $1250 4-6 and 3-5 f35

zoom lens $4250 accessory slide carrying case $1195 tape synchronizer $3450 tape sync cord $395

Other Models AV-1 6684 with 4 f35 lens 500 watt lamp no autoshymatic timer $16950

66

[~~

-

-0

SLIDE PROJECTORS Up to 34x4

~

~

iiii

143

HOPPMANN CORPORATION Model P-2 Portable Rear Projection System Price $57700 Projects 2x2 slides II Capacity 80 slides Operation Automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals remote control

forward and reverse focus Lamp 300 watt blower cooled Screen 25 x I 6 built-in Weight 301bs Dimensions 28x28x7W folded Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Screen carrying case with folded optical system for use with

customers own projector $29500

HUDSON PHOTOGRAPHIC INDUSTRIES INC

- ~1Yil L 4f117 ~ J sect ~-l~middot

~ Pl ~

I bull

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Power Notes

E LEITZ INC Model Price Projects

Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Other Models

Prima HPI 345 $3450 2x 2 slides 6 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier uses slideshystick for programmed material CBX 75 watt convection cooled 2 f23 212Ibs Dimensions I 0)(6x8 120 V 60 Hz UL listed Slidesticks $200 dozen master slide file with 60 Slide-sticks included $1750 t355 with CAR 150 watt blower cooled lamp $4450

Caralite Mark 3 $180000 2x2 slides 80 slides Manual (hand operated) built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 5-8-15 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus 300 watt Xenon fan cooled 5 f35 601bs Dimensions 19x1l2xI2112120V60Hz Complete with Kodak Ektagraphic Projector AV-315 Accepts all Ektagraphic and Carousel accessories

Prado-Universal 35 $24900 case $4350 2x2 slides cardboard plastic metal and glass mounted slides I Manual two-way slide carrier 24 V 250 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 169 Ibs Dimensions 78x 56x 146 ACIDC Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400 extra Micro projection attachments $41000 to $45000 Prado Universal 2vx2v with 150 mm f28Iens $29700

INTERNATIONAL AUDIO VISUAL INC

67

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 3~x4

-- E LEITZ INC

Model Price Projects

I Capacity Operation

Lamp Lens Weight Accessories

Other Models

bull

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

la4 Pradovit-Color 150 $24600 case $3750 2x2 slides accepts cardboard plasticl ~Pland glass mounted slides ii

36 and 50 gtlgt ji Automatic (timed) adjustable 3 to 30 intervals semi-automatic push button on projector ~ce control forwardreverse focus 24 V 150 watt fan cooled 90 mm f25 Power ACDC 16 Ibs Dimensions 6x8~xlZ Lenses from 35 mm to 250 mm up to $5400_tntlight pointer $1350 50 remote control cord U2pqsync accessories $1350 Pradovit 250 with 90 mIll f35 lens $27900JJJdovit ISO auto-focus with 90 mm f25 lens $30300pqdovit 250 auto-focus with 90 mm f2S lens $34500

RPT-300 Rear Projection Theateramaone System $42400 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV343 automatic focus 81 slides 500 watt blower cooled 3 f3S 18x IS built-in 301bs 24x 19Vzx24 120 V 60 Hz RPT-SOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxiliary speaker $57700

~l )~U11~ ~W ~ltiraquo

g( --~~~ifI~ bullbullbull l7

~~I~~lt

~gt -~ I V~~lt~ Jt

--------J

MOTIVA LTD Model Price Projects Operation Capacity Lamp Lens Screen Weight Dimensions Accessories

Other Models

Notes

Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lamp Weight Power Notes

RPT-Q0300 Rear Projection Theateramatwo System $54100 2x2 slides Automatic with slide changer AV340 self-focus SI slides 500 watt blower cooled 2 Buhl superwide ISx 27 built-in 331bs 24x28Vzx24 Power 120 V 60 Hz Dust cover $1200 mushroom pedestal base $9900 deluxe caster base $9900 base adapter plate $950 RPT-OOSOO includes sound recorder slide changer auxilshyiary speaker $69500 Capable of housing two projectors for split-screen or lap dissolve presentations

PRESENTATION TECHNICAL AIDS INC 71 Highlight $59500 2x2 slides SO slides Push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus PTA HL 1200 watt equivalent 2Slbs Dimensions Illhx 12x 12 120 V 60 Hz Includes Kodak 800 or Ikta B slide projector slide tray and remote cord color temperature adjustable to 34000 K

68

SLIDE PROJECTORS I Up to 34x4

REALIST INC Model

r~-~

Price bull _~-~J i -_ Projects

---~

7JIL~- Capacity Operation

ModelNt- Price Projects Capacity Operation

~ Lamp Lens Weight - c7

CQ Power

j Accessories

t o~ (Wi ~ err Other Models

145 Super Light 3402 $72500 plus lens 2x2 slides glass or cardboard mounted 80 and 140 Carousels Automatic remote control forward and reverse built-In II slide changer unit uses Eastman Kodak Automatic Focus Ektagraphic projector 1200 watt tungsten halogen cooled by 3 fans 5 f35 341bs 12-58xllxI8 120 V 60 Hz Super Light 3401 500 watt Xenon lamp 20-58xllxI8 weight 99 Ibs self-contained DC power pack solenoid activated douser built-in $195000 Power cord remote control Carousel universal slide tray and transportation case included 14middot11 lenses available

Selectroslide SLR-1200A $78600 case $3200 2x2 slides 48 slides Built-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward and reverse focus BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 5 f28 22 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 737 remote control for forward-reverse-focus $3600 725 forward-reverse remote control $1365 JI2 to 11 lenses available SLR-1200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide with auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $105000

-

gt-

bull shy

l~

~ iPl

( -

Lamp Lens Weight Dimensions Power Other Models

Notes

SPINDLER cl SAUPPE INC

1Aipound

_-il -~- i lii~tlj~~

llo 1 ~ 11

i~~

_ A

Il~middot_middotlltm5-~cfrbull~~

c~ ~ )

SPINDLER amp SAUPPE INC Model Price Projects Capacity Operation

Lens Lamp Weight Power

Accessories

Other Models

Dual Selectroslide SLD-1200A $108200 case $4200 2x2 slides 96 slides Build-in slide changer automatic (timed) 4 8 12 24 second intervals semi-automatic push button on projector remote control forward only focus 5 f28 BRN 1200 watt tungsten halogen fan cooled 41 lbs 120 V 60 Hz 715 remote focus lens mount $9600 721 remote control $1365 737 remote control forward-reverse-focus $3600 I h to II lenses available S L 0-1 200A (766) Ultrabright Selectroslide auxiliary cooling and modified optics for 3000-Lumen light output $134600

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal Mighty Mite Xenon Price $350000 Projects 2x2 slides 3vx4 slides 2vx2Wmiddot slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp 1600 watt Lens 412 to 12 Weight Power

SOO Ibs 120 V 60 Hz AC

Dimensions 54hx67x26Yz

Other Models Model with 14 to 20 lens $360000

69

I SLIDE PROJECTORS 13~x4

~f=middotmiddotmiddotmiddot ( f -- --

r ~r

k

146

THE STRONG ELECTRIC CORP Model 44060 Universal X-16 Xenon Arc Price $397500 Projects 2x2 slirles 3vx4 slides Capacity One Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only lamp 1600 watt (9000 lumens) Lens 4V2 to 12 Weight 3001bs Dimensions 63x27x79 Power 120 V 60 Hz AC Other Models Model with 2500 watt lamp 12000 lumens 14 to 20

lens $442000

TM VISUAL INDUSTRIES INC Model TMC Showmatic 2007 S Price $3995 case $795 Projects 2x 2 slides Capacity 40 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) stackloading lamp CDS 100 watt convection cooled Lens 75mmf25 Weight I V2lbs Dimensions 334x234x6 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Tripod $795 table top screen $395 automatic kit operashy

tion $500 Other Models 2007P same except with Airequipt changer Model P

$4294 Notes All die cast aluminum - 3 element condenser lens - Heat

absorption lens

TEL-A-STORY Model Price Projects Capacity Operation Lamp Lens Screen Weight Power Other Models

INC 12 $21500 case included 2x2 slides I 2 slides Automatic (timed) 58 second intervals DDY or DGH 750 watt fan cooled 36 mm f35 12x 12 built-in 26 Ibs Dimensions 14x14x22 120 Y 60 Hz UL listed Model 18 18 square screen $27000 model 24 24 square screen $33500

1- I - ~ij~~- ~~-) I

middotr f

AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP Model Standard Model GK 3690 SK Price $31300 including case Projects 34x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Lens Weight

6Vz f56 251bs

UL listePower

d 120 Y 60 Hz

Accessories 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 Other Models 28 models available from $31300 to $47500 Notes Projection objectives available ranging from 6Vz to 24

focal length

70

147

SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3~x4

I - AMERICAN OPTICAL CORP

~~ ~-_ ~~- ~~I~~( ~ I -1 lt~~j111 ~I~~~ ~Zl

~

--~~ ~~ ~

j(~ J (I~J~ IImiddot ~~ J_~ 1= ~

~ zI-- - 1lt

Model Price Projects Operation Lamp Lens Weight Accessories Other Models Notes

3690 HU High Speed GK $39300 including case 3Y4x4 slides Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier DDB 750 watt blower cooled -15 f45 UL listed 25 lbs Power 120 V 60 Hz 2x2 slide carrier $1600 2x2 condenser chest $6000 3690 HW as above for projection 2x2 slides $39300 Other models with 20 focal length objectives available at same price

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King 3610 Price $29900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp DDB 750 watt blower cooled Weight 241bs Dimensions IOx7 34x27 34 Power 120 V 60 Hz 115 or 220 volt UL listed Accessories 23Ax2W (reflex 2Y4 square size) carrier 3631 $1650

314x31A English carrier 375 I $2250 Polaroid 2Y4x2W carrier 3752 $2250

Other Models With lens from 612 to 26 $299 00 to $53600 Notes Built-in mechanical pointer metal carrying case front and

rear elevating legs lens caps bellows support interchangeable components

CHARLES BESELER CO Model Slide King II 34612 Price $39900 including case Projects 3Y4x4 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz halogen blower cooled

Weight 301bs Dimensions 13x8hx 18 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Other models available accommodating from 2x2 to

3Y4x4 slides lenses from 6W to 26 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevashy

ting legs

CHRISTIE ELECTRIC CORP Xenolltl Division Model BFT900-6300E Xenolite with Telepro 6000 and Model 300

changer Price $545000 Projects 3Y4x4 slides Capacity 65 slides Operation Built-in slide changer semi-automatic remote control forshy

ward only Lamp 900 watt Xenon blower cooled Lens 5f19 Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models BFT900-6300EG with customer furnished projector

$277500 Notes Brightness about 2 times that of standard lamp dichroic

cold mirror approx 54000 K (daylight) color temperature 2000 hour lamplife

71

I SLIDE PROJECTORS I 3Jx4

I

z z~-I u

1 I 4 j

_rtmiddotd101 ~-t

~Oj L

-Jt~~ 1

~~

~ U

middot1 i KIIFCl _ ---it

148 HOPPMANN CORPORAnON Model HC34-FR I000 Reversible Slide Changer Price $521600 Projects 3x4 Capacity 60middot slides Operation Built-in slide changer push button on projector Lamp 1000 watt tungsten-halogen blower cooled Lens 65 85 10 Weight 1601bs Dimensions 17Jhx30x36 Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Random slide selection $54300 digital readout $30900

remote focus adjustment $24 700 Other Models 1000 watt Xenon light source $256800 Notes Other light sources and lenses available

KUEGL BROS Model 1674A Price $142800 case $42500 Projects 3x4 slides Capacity 2 or 7 slides Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 21 00T248 (60V) blower cooled Lens 45 f19 Weight 1401bs Dimensions 61 to 81 highx22x23 Power 2100 watt 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $32100 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $400 each slide painting colors $4200

Other Models 1674 Standard Objective Lens Model $99200 60 f30 85 f30 125 f33 lenses available

Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

KLlEGL BROS Model 1676A Price $175500 case $42500 Projects 5x5 4x5 and 31x4 slides (adapters included) Operation Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier semishy

automatic remote control forward only Lamp 5MT321 blower cooled Lens 45f19 88 31120 Ibs Dimensions 66 to x24x Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Semi-automatic slide changer $39500 long film drive

$100000 short film drive $70000 slide glass $500 each slide painting colors $4200 60 f30 85 f30 and 125 f33 lenses available

Other Models 1676 Standard Objective Lens Model $130700 Notes Slide carrier rotates 360 degrees

Weight

KLlEGL BROS Model Price Projects

Operation Lamp Lens Weight Power Accessories

Notes

1679A $366600 case $42500 7x7 5x7 5x5 4x5 and 314x4 slides (adapters included) Manual (hand operated) two-way slide carrier 5MT321 blower cooled 60 f30 1201bs Dimensions 36x40x30 ) 20 V 60 Hz Slide glass $900 each slide painting colors $4200 85 f30 and 125133 lenses available Slide holder adjustable through 30 degrees

72

SLIDE PROJECTORS 3~x4

lei

149

Lamp Lens Power Other Models

Capacity Operation

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 36 Price $217375 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid (2x2 slides with

adapters) 6 slide disc (12 or 18 slide discs available) Au tomatic (timed) intervals 5 7 10 20 seconds remote control 3MT 322 3000 watt blower cooled 4middot26 120 V 60 Hz SA 312 12 slide disc $226750 SA 318 18 slide disc $229250 SA 26 12-18 2000 watt quartz iodine lamp 5200 lumens $217375

~ltF ~

r~

(

~ I U

- ~ FU ~ r rv

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Gl Model SA-65

Price $81250 Projects 34x4 slides Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals remote control

forwardreverse Power 120 V 60 Hz t- t

4jjyeni pound0 l~ Accessories Adapter kits available for Beseler AO TelePro Boddie - I ( ---1 Translux

ill bullbull L ~ i Notes Adapts to any appropriate light source JJ_

~ llt--j

QmiddotII S11

l~~

b I I~l~

l111111111U11II111D 1 t I ----

AlIIlIlllltllmllU

lo -~l

t5c~l-

bull

r7 1- J bullr

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model SA 6000 Price $314000 Projects 314x4 slides Polaroid slides 2x2 slides with adapters Operation Remote control pushbutton 300 electric slide changer 14

second slide change withou t black-screen interval Z patshytern removable slide tray feed 65 slide capacity remote variable lamp intensity SO control cables

Lamp 3MT322 3000 watt blower cooled Lens 5 fl9 Weight 521bs Power 120 V 60 Hz Accessories Su pply kit $13600 random access slide changer

$320000 TeleFader single douser $66600 Notes Wide angle lens provides short throw distance for front or

rear projection slides reprojected without sorting Xenon light-source optional

GEORGE R SNELL ASSOCIATES INC Model Satellite I Price $91000 Projects 34x4 slides glass mounted or Polaroid Capacity 70 Operation Automatic (timed) Yz second intervals Lamp BTA 1000 watt quartz blower cooled Lens 6Yz Weight 83 Ibs Power 120 V 60 Hz Other Models Satellite II forward and reverse sequence remote control

5129750 Notes Lamp ejector double blower cooling system front elevatshy

ing legs

73

  • Gerardi 1972
  • Gerardi 1972 pt2
  • Gerardi 1972 pt3
  • gerardi 1972 pt4
  • Gerardi 1972 pt5
Page 17: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 18: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 19: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 20: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 21: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 22: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 23: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 24: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 25: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 26: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 27: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 28: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 29: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 30: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 31: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 32: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 33: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 34: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 35: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 36: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 37: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 38: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 39: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 40: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 41: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 42: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 43: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 44: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 45: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 46: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 47: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 48: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 49: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 50: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 51: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 52: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 53: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 54: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 55: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 56: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 57: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 58: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 59: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 60: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 61: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 62: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 63: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 64: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 65: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 66: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 67: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 68: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 69: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 70: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 71: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 72: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 73: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 74: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 75: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 76: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 77: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 78: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 79: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 80: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 81: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 82: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 83: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 84: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 85: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 86: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 87: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 88: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 89: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 90: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 91: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 92: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 93: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 94: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 95: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 96: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 97: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 98: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 99: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 100: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 101: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 102: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 103: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 104: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 105: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 106: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 107: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 108: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 109: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 110: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 111: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 112: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 113: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 114: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 115: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 116: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 117: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 118: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 119: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 120: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 121: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 122: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 123: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 124: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 125: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 126: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 127: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 128: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 129: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 130: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 131: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 132: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 133: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 134: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 135: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 136: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 137: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 138: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 139: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 140: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 141: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 142: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 143: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 144: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 145: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 146: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 147: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 148: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 149: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 150: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University
Page 151: I~DIVIOUA~IZED - Emporia State University