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© OECD/IEA 2014
IEA Analysis on Grid and Energy Systems Integration
Renewables and Energy Systems Integration, 8 September, Golden, CO
Simon Müller Analyst, Renewable Energy Division
© OECD/IEA 2014
The Grid Integration of Variable Renewables Project - GIVAR
Third project phase
7 case studies covering 15 countries, >50 in-depth interviews
Technical flexibility assessment with revised IEA FAST tool 2.0
Detailed economic modelling at hourly resolution
© OECD/IEA 2014 2
© OECD/IEA 2014
Interaction is key
Properties of variable renewable energy (VRE)
Flexibility of other power system components
© OECD/IEA 2014 3
Variable
Uncertain
Non-synchronous
Location constrained
Modularity
Low short-run cost
sec
yrs
1 km
100s km
Grids Generation
Storage Demand Side
© OECD/IEA 2014
Main persistent challenge: Balancing
Note: Load data and wind data from Germany 10 to 16 November 2010, wind generation scaled, actual share 7.3%. Scaling may overestimate the impact of variability; combined effect of wind and solar may be lower, illustration only.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
1 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 Hours
Net
load
(G
W)
0.0% 2.5% 5.0% 10.0% 20.0%
Larger ramps at high shares
Higher uncertainty
Larger and more pronounced changes
Illustration of Residual power demand at different VRE shares
© OECD/IEA 2014
Netload implies different utilisation for non-VRE system
Main persistent challenge: Utilisation
Note: Load data and wind data from Germany 10 to 16 November 2010, wind generation scaled, actual share 7.3%. Scaling may overestimate the impact of variability; combined effect of wind and solar may be lower, illustration only.
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1 2 000 4 000 6 000 8 000
Net
load
(G
W)
Hours
0.0% 2.5% 5.0% 10.0% 20.0% Maximum
remains high: Scarcity
Lower minimum:
Abundance
Changed utilisation pattern
Base - load
Mid - merit
Peak
Mid - merit
Peak
Mid - merit
Base - load
-
-
© OECD/IEA 2014
2. Make better use of
what you have
Op
eratio
ns
1. Let wind and solar play their
part
3. Take a system wide-strategic
approach to investments!
System friendly
VRE
Technology spread
Geographic spread
Design of power
plants
Three pillars of system transformation
© OECD/IEA 2014 6
Investm
ents
© OECD/IEA 2014
ETP Systems Integration Analysis Changing energy system paradigms
Centralised fuel production,power and storage
Today’s energy system paradigm is based on a unidirectional energy delivery philosophy
© OECD/IEA 2014
ETP Systems Integration Analysis Changing energy system paradigms
Centralised fuel production,power and storage
Renewable energy resources
EV
Co-generation
Smart energysystem control
Distributedenergy resources
Surplus heat
H vehicle2
A sustainable energy system is a smarter, multidirectional and integrated system that requires
long-term planning for services delivery
© OECD/IEA 2014
Source: Linking heat and electricity systems: Co-generation and DHC solutions for a clean energy future. IEA, 2014.
Flexibility is key!!
Electricity and thermal systems Opportunities for deep integration
© OECD/IEA 2014
Holistic assessment of flexibility options with detailed time-resolved system models • E.g. demand response from heat
pumps with heat storage/flexible district heating)
Heat mapping to evaluate global
economic potential for DH • Spatial distribution of heat
demand based on bottom-up projections
• Part of energy system scenarios looking at all technology options for heating buildings
Future heat/electricity analytical work
© OECD/IEA 2014
Source: UN DESA, 2012
Global Urban Population
Global urban populations are growing rapidly, and with them demand for energy in cities
ETP 2016: A Tale of Sustainable Cities
