IEA HPT ANNEX 54 –

REPORT OF THE ANNEX ACTIVITIES

Thomas Natiesta

(and results) carried out in Austria to date

• Austrian National Team

• Schedule

• Task 1 report finished

• Task 2 draft report

• Conclusion and Outlook

AGENDA

201.09.2021

This project is being carried out within the framework of the IEA research cooperation on behalf of the Federal Ministry for Climate Protection,

Environment, Energy, Mobility, Innovation and Technology.

• AIT – Austrian Institute of Technology (Team leader)

• Christian Köfinger, Thomas Natiesta

• TU – Graz

• Rene Rieberer, Manuel Verdnik

• Austrian Energy Agency

• Franz Zach

AUSTRIAN NATIONAL TEAM

301.09.2021

SCHEDULE

401.09.2021

Jahr

Monat 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3

AP1 Review of state-of-the-art technologiesM1.1

D1.1

AP2Case studies and design guidelines for optimization of

components and systemsM2.1

M2.2

D2.1

AP3Review of design optimization and advancement impacts

on LCCP reductionM3.1

M3.2

D3.1

AP4 Outlook for 2030M4.1

D4.1

AP5 Report and information dissemination D5.1 D5.1

AP6 Preparation before fundeded national project started M6.1

Milestones Deliverables

M 1.1: Stand der Technik zu Kältemitteln ist erhoben D 1.1: Zusammenfassender Bericht mit einer Übersicht der verfügbaren Kältemittel und deren Eigenschaften und möglichen Einsatzbereichen

M 2.1: Zu untersuchende Systemkonfigurationen definiert D 2.1: Designrichtlinien und Optimierungsergebnis der untersuchten Systemkonfigurationen

M 2.2: Simulationsmodelle der Systeme erstellt D 3.1: Vergleich von bestehenden und neuen Systemen und Übersicht der LCCP von Kältekreisen mit konventionellen und neuen Kältemitteln

M 3.1: Basissysteme definiert D 4.1: Bericht zum Marktpotenzial von Low-GWP-Wärmepumpen und Kältemittelverfügbarkeit

M 3.2: Low-GWP Kreisläufe mit Basissystem verglichen D 5.1: Zwischen- und Endberichte an FFG

M 4.1: Marktpotenzial von Low-GWP-Wärmepumpen und

Kältemittelverfügbarkeit bis 2030 ist ermittelt

2019 2020 2021 2022

TASK 1 REPORT AND TASK 2 REPORT

501.09.2021

• Finding a definition for „Low GWP“

• Investigating standards regarding safety and refrigerant

charge limits

• Market study on refrigerant use in Austria

• Finding suitable low GWP refrigerants as alternative for

common high GWP refrigerants

• Investigating current applications of low GWP refrigerants in

• domestic and business sector

• research projects

TASK 1 REPORT - CHALLENGES

601.09.2021

• Definition for „Low GWP“

• No scientific threshold→ arbitrary decision e.g. by EU authorities

• DIRECTIVE 2006/40/EC “emissions from air-conditioning systems in motor vehicles”: targets

prohibition of AC systems with refrigerants with a GWP > 150

• REGULATION (EU) No 517/2014 “F-Gas Regulation”: various obligations and restrictions start

from a GWP > 150. E.g. ban of domestic refrigerators and freezers with refrigerants with GWP >

150 since 2015.

• REGULATION (EC) No 842/2006 “Repealed F-Gas Regulation” mentioned the threshold of <

150 as well

• EHPA Quality Label: facilitation for heat pumps with refrigerants with a GWP < 150

TASK 1 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

701.09.2021

• Standards regarding safety and refrigerant charge limits

• EN 378

• Pressure Equipment Directive (PED) 2014/68/EU

• Machinery Directive (MD) 2006/42/EG

• Low Voltage Directive (LVD) 2006/95/EC

• ATEX directives 2014/35/EU

• IEC 60335-2-40

• IEC 60335-2-24

• IEC 60335-2-89

TASK 1 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

8

01.09.2021

• Market study on refrigerant use in Austria

TASK 1 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

901.09.2021

Refrigerant GWP Producers Models

of which:

A/W B/W DX/W W/W

R134a 1430 6 29 0 21 0 8

R290 3 8 37 34 2 0 1

R32 677 4 96 90 6 0 0

R407C 1774 14 284 105 108 12 59

R410A 2088 36 1442 831 396 14 201

R449A 1397 1 2 2 0 0 0

R452B 676 1 2 2 0 0 0

R454B 466 1 5 5 0 0 0

R513A 631 1 1 1 0 0 0

Sum 36 1898 1070 533 26 269

• Suitable low GWP refrigerants as alternative for common high GWP refrigerants

TASK 1 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

1001.09.2021

Source: Danfoss, 2020. Refrigerant options now and in the future

• Currently used low GWP refrigerants in domestic and business sector

• Basically only R290 (GWP < 150)

• Low GWP refrigerants in research projects

• FP7-ENERGY-2012-1 project Green HP (R290)

• National R&D-project eco2jet (R744)

• H2020 project DryFiciency (R1336mzz-Z)

• HotCycle (R600)

TASK 1 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

1101.09.2021

• Determining the potential hazards of R290 and

corresponding precaution measures

• Investigating safety standards and regulations

relevant for R290

• Defining Design Guidelines for heat pumps with

R290

• Finding solutions to adapt R410A heat pumps for

the use of R290

1201.09.2021

TASK 2 REPORT - CHALLENGES

• Potential hazards of R290 and corresponding precaution measures (examples)

• Flammable refrigerants in safety classes A2L, A2 and A3 are odorless, colorless

and tasteless (except for R1270) → If leaked gas caught fire, it is advisable not to

extinguish the fire but to let it burn out so that the flame can be controlled (seen)!

• EN 378, Part 2, Annex D lists hazards and hazardous situations that are significant

in connection with work on refrigerating systems and require risk reduction

measures. The most common injuries when working on refrigerating systems are

caused by falling accidents, followed by cutting and crushing injuries and splashes

of refrigerant on the skin or in the eyes

TASK 2 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

1301.09.2021

• Regulations relevant for R290

• F-Gases Regulation (EU) No 517/2014

• CLP Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008 “classification, labelling and packaging of

substances and mixtures” based on the Globally Harmonized System of

Classification and Labelling of Chemicals (GHS).

• REACH Regulation(EC) No 1907/2006 “regulates the registration, evaluation,

authorization and restriction of chemicals (REACH)” → safety data sheet

• ADR "European Agreement concerning the International Carriage of Dangerous

Goods by Road" of the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe (UNECE)

TASK 2 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

1401.09.2021

• Standards relevant for R290

• IEC 60335-2-11 “Particular requirements for tumble dryers”

• IEC 60335-2-24 “Domestic refrigerators”

• IEC 60335-2-40 “Household and similar electrical appliances - Safety

• Part 2-40: Particular requirements for electrical heat pumps, …”

• IEC 60335-2-89 “Commercial refrigeration”

• ISO 13043 “Automotive air conditioning “

• ISO 20854 “Refrigerated containers “

• EN 378, Parts 1-4 “Refrigerating systems and heat pumps – safety and environmental

requirements”

TASK 2 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

15

01.09.2021

• Design Guidelines for heat pumps with R290 (selection)

• Refrigeration circuit with EVI achieves best SCOP values

• R290 achieve best SCOP and refrigerant charge values in unrefurbished buildings

• R290 charge reduction by optimized components: 17 g/kW theoretically possible,

65 g/kW achieved by GreenHP prototype

TASK 2 REPORT – SELECTED FINDINGS

1601.09.2021

• Task 1 and Task 2 (draft) finished, some findings:

• High GWP refrigerant still dominant in Austria’s domestic heat pump market

• R290 is the only Low GWP refrigerant used in domestic and business sector

• Flammability → Charge reduction to 17 g/kW theoretically possible

• R290 counts with good thermodynamic properties → high COP values

• Next: WP3 “Review of design optimization and advancement impacts on LCCP reduction”

(→ Task 3)

• Austria’s schedule almost on track. If the national tasks are finished before the international

Annex ends, the Austrian team will stay in the international project in “stand-by” mode.

CONCLUSION AND OUTLOOK

1701.09.2021

THANK YOU!Thomas Natiesta, September 1st, 2021