WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

IEA RD&D Wind, Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates

Cold climate wind energy research and innovation activities in Sweden

• Market overview - challenging cold climate sites with great potential

• The Swedish Energy Agency’s cold climate research program

• Other research programs: Vindforsk, Vindval, STandUP for Wind and Swedish Wind Power Technology Centre

Göran Ronsten, IEA Task 19, Sweden

Icing

Low temperature

Task 19

22,436,6

5,3

8,6

2015 2020

Asia

2,9 4,7

42,5

61,6

2015 2020

Europe

15,0 21,2

38,5

52,8

2015 2020

North America

Cold climate markets 2015-2020

http://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1403504/emerging-cold

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Task 19

Cold climate markets 2015-2020

http://www.windpowermonthly.com/article/1403504/emerging-cold

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

When will offshore be cheaper than onshore?

Will offshore be cheaper than onshore?

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

StockholmJanuary 2017Heymi Bahar,IEA.

Trend:

“Offshore wind cheaper than onshore in Europe”

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

The Swedish Energy Deal

A summery of some of the more interesting points:

1. The goal and road map: Energy Commission establishes the goal for Sweden to have 100% renewable electricity by 2040. The deal is supported by a collision of several political parties, which means it is long-term secured

2. The electricity certificates: The certificates will be extended by 18 TWh beyond 2020 to 2030.

3. Energy efficiency: Energy Commission strongly believe in the potential for efficiency improvements and wants to see concrete targets for the period 2020-2030.

4. Nuclear power: The decommissioning law has been abolished and nuclear power will be able to continue. No closing date is set, even if in practice the 2040 target for 100% renewable could be seen as such. In return nuclear power will account for more of their own socio-economic costs and there will be no government involvement in the future.

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Market overview - challenging cold climate sites with great potential

Installed

Permitted

Applied for

Source: Vindbrukskollen

Large projects in the North

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Installed power per electric area Dec 2019, base scenario as of 2016-03-31

Inst

alle

d

Under constr.

With perm.

Applied for

2

1

3

41 2 3 4

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

The Swedish Energy Agency's research program"Wind Energy in Cold Climate" (2013-2016)

Goals

• Strengthen Swedish R&D• Attract players from established industries with

complementary expertise• Develop new technical solutions, new methods

and concepts for future new products

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

National program – international cooperation is encouraged! 1€ ≈ SEK 10

≈k€• Vibrations and loads of wind turbines exposed to ice load 750• Ice detection for smart de-icing of wind turbines 570• Imaging method for determining the liquid water content and MVD of air 450• Modeling of ice accretion and production losses 440• Active de-icing of wind turbine blades with advanced coatings 390• Wind turbines in cold climates: Fluid Mechanics, ice and terrain effects 310• Sound Effects by icing of wind turbines –

Long-term measurements of sound for verification 91• Repair and development of anti-icing system for wind turbine blades 67• ICETHROWER - mapping and risk analysis tools 64• Evaluation of ice detector for wind energy applications 13• Total allocated 3 145

For information in English, please apply machine translation to http://www.energimyndigheten.se/globalassets/nyheter/2013/beviljade-projekt-vindkraft-i-kallt-klimat.pdf

Academic Research Program run by the Swedish Energy Agency 2013-2016 – k€ 3 200

Proj

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er: P

ierr

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an R

igol

e

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

A few examples of cold climate projects

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Ice detection for smart de-icing of wind turbines

• Two different ice detection prototypes

• Acoustic wavesExcitation: Windowed and continues sine wave with 3 kHz to 7 kHz center frequencies

• LidarExitation: Illuminating the blade with wavelengths 1550 nm and 905 nm

• Acoustic waves• Laser based (Lidar)• PhD student Siavash Shoja will defend

a Licentiate Engineering thesis in September 2016

• detect a patch of ice on a wind turbine• thickness of ice by measuring the group

velocity of the wave• location and length of ice by

means of FFT analysis

• detect a patch of ice on a wind turbine

• ice is detected by measuring the laser reflection properties Pr

ojec

t man

ager

: Vik

tor

Berb

yuk

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Imaging method for determining the liquid water content and MVD of air

• Droplet size and LWC

• Papers published

• To be carried out – field tests and reporting

• Licentiate thesis in 2017

• “Liquid Water Content and Droplet Sizing Shadowgraph Measuring System for Wind Turbine Icing Detection”, 2016

• ”Droplet Imaging Instrument -Metrology Instrument for Icing Condition Detection”, 2016

• Holy grails within reach, forget about humidity

• Validation of instrument using glass beads of well defined sizes, work in progress

• Verification and comparison in field using CDP2 from Droplet Measurement Technology, work in progress

Figure 1. Climate chamber

Figure 2. Prototype instrument

Proj

ect m

anag

er: B

enny

Thö

rnbe

rg

• Staffan Rydblom

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

ICETHROWER – Ice throw mapping and risk analysis tools

ProgramoGrafik

2 turbines in mid Swedish forest

without blade heating

Dala Vind

2 turbines in north Swedish mountain terrain

with blade heating

Skellefteå Kraft

2 turbines in north Swedish forest

without blade heating

Vattenfall Vindkraft

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600

200

400

600

Distance from turbine [m]Ic

e th

row

id n

o.

All available data:532

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 1600

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

Distance from turbine, 10 m - interval

Rel

ativ

e fr

eque

ncy

• Pieces of ice collected during 2013-2016

• A conservative safety distance is 278 md = 1.5 (D + H)D = 90 mH = 95m]

• Large difference between max measured distance and the conservative safety distance

• Much to be gained from a detailed risk analysis

Proj

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anag

er: B

engt

Gör

anss

on

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Heli-Deice

Proj

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anag

er: H

ans

Ged

da

• Heli tank capacity 855 l• Refills in 20 sec• 44 m³ water tank

capacity.• Oil fuel depot and

oilburner (260 kW) for water heating

• Heating capcity from 7°C to 65°C in 7h.

• Ability to de-ice up to 3 WTG:s a day (1,5-2h/turbine)

• Cost of de-icing/turbine equals approximately two days of downtime/turbine

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Deicing of wind turbines - Continuous autonomous system for deicing of wind turbine blades

Proj

ect m

anag

er: S

ven-

Erik

Tho

r

• The aim of this project is to develop new and innovative methods for

a) detecting ice and

b) de-/anti-icing of wind turbine blades

• To be tested in full scale on a WT

Lindskog Innovation AB

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

How does wind power in operation impact reindeer habitat selection –implications for the reindeer and the Sami reindeer herding

Before

Reindeer movement corridor disrupted during construction phase

Reindeer increase the use of topographically shed areas with 60 % during operation

Proj

ect m

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er: A

nna

Skar

in

Results from Gabrielsbergetshow that reindeer:

• Was closer to the WF when it was shut off

• Was closer to the WF when fed in the area,but they increased useof view shed with 13 %

• Avoided the WF with 3 km when not fed in the WF

Calving and post-calving period in Malå

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

IEA Task 19 – Some of the things we do

• Code developed for standardized evaluation of productionlosses due to icing and low temperature. Continuousevaluation and development.

• Involvement in the development of IEC 61400-15 ”Energy yield assessment” with respect to cold climates. Not financedby Energimyndigheten. Vattenfall will engage in this part.

• Initiate Cold Climate related activities in EERA, EuropeanEnergy Research Alliance

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Available Technologies (2016): Cold Climates

https://www.ieawind.org/task_19/State%20of%20the%20Art%20Task%2019/052516/Task%2019_Available_Technologies_report_WEinCC_May2016_approved.pdf

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

New Recommended Practices (2017): Cold Climates

https://www.ieawind.org/task_19/020617/Task%2019%20RP%2013_v2%20report_2017_ExCo%20appr%201Feb17_FINAL.pdf

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Final words

• Wind Energy in Cold Climates is one of three fundamental focus areas for the Swedish Energy Agency’s strategy for using wind energy in Swedish conditions(The other two are WE in forests and WE in the Baltic)

• International cooperation is encouraged – However, funding of international partners is NOT available

• Many ongoing projects in spite of a lack of national wind turbine manufacturers

• WE can replace nuclear – 60 TWh annually requires 6 000 modern WT

• It is likely not wise to use WE in N Sweden without de-icing systems

• Standardization is often a way for the industry to protect patents – There is no wind turbine industry in Sweden. Is it wise to build 60 TWh of wind without influence on standardization?

• Winterwind 2018 will be arranged Feb 5-7

WindREN

IEA RD&D Wind’s Task 19 – Wind Energy in Cold Climates, Chalmers, Göteborg, April 3, 2017

Winterwind 2018 in Åre, Feb 5-7

Thank you!