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IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
Safety requirements of Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus
IEC 60065/IEC 62368-1
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Sommaire
► History
► Scope
► Objectives and covered risks
► Safety general principles
► Terminology
► The circuits
► Grade of Insulation
► Quantification of insulation
► Heating
► Resistance to fire
► Fault conditions
► Television receivers
► Philosophy of CEI 62368-1
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
HISTORY
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
HISTORYIEC 60065:1952 (ed 1.0)
Safety requirements for electric mains operated radio receiving apparatus
IEC 60950:1986 (ed 1.0) Safety of information technology equipment including electrical business equipment
1965
1952
IEC 60065:1965 (ed 2.0)Safety requirements for mains operated electronic and related equipment for domestic and similar general use
1986
07-1998
IEC 60950:1991 (ed 2.0) + A1:1992 + A2:1993 + A3:1995 + A4:1996
GUIDE IEC 112:1998 (ed 1.0) by ACOSGuide on the safety of multimedia equipment
ACOS = Advisory Committee On Safety
IEC 60065:1998 (ed 6.0)Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus – Safety requirements
09-1998
1996
HISTORYIEC 60065:2001 (ed 7.0)Audio, video and similar electronic apparatus – Safety requirements TC92
IEC 60950-1:2001 (ed 3)Information technology equipment – Safety – Part 1: General requirements TC 74
2013
Evolution of apparatus functionalities High density of electronic components
==> Increase and mixing of functionalities
IEC 60065:2001 +A1:2005
TC108
IEC 60950-1:2005 TC108
CEI 62368-1 :2010 TC108
TC 108 = (TC92 + TC 74)
2005
2001
2010
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
SCOPE
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Electronics apparatus for» reception, generation, recording
» Record and reproduction of audio, video and
associated signals
» Combination of the above apparatus
Household and similar general use
Places of public assembly» School, theatres,
» Workplace
Scope
Supplied by:» Mains
» External power supply module
» Battery
» Remote power feeding
At a rated voltage of» 250 V (single phase) or
» 433 V (other than single phase)
May be connected to telecommunication
network or Cable distribution network of
antenna signal
Scope
Sound and /or image receiver and amplifier (radio, television set, Citizen Band radio etc..); Supply apparatus intended to supply other apparatus in this standard scope;Audio and/or video educational apparatus (record player, tape reader, tape walkman and video player, etc..);Multimedia apparatus;Beamer; Video recorder and associated monitors (camera, camcorder, etc..) ;Electronic gaming and scoring machines;Juke boxes;
Some apparatus within the scope
Electronic light effect apparatus;cable head-end receivers;Antenna signal converters and amplifiers;Antenna positioners;Alarm systems apparatus;Record and optical disc players;Professional sound/video systems;Electronic flash apparatus for photographic purposes;Etc…
Some apparatus within the scope
Film, slide and overhead projectors» IEC 60335-2-56
gaming and scoring machines for commercial use
» IEC 60335-2-82
Apparatus out of the scope
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
OBJECTIVES AND COVERED RISKS
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Standard requirements allow A protection against:
Hazardous current through human body (electrical choc)
Excessive temperature value Fire ignition and propagation Mechanical instability Injury from mechanical parts Hazardous radiations Implosion and explosion effects
Design of a reliable apparatus
Objectives
Current flow through human bodyObserved physiological effects depend on:
» Intensity of the current Applied voltage and frequency Body impedance (contact surface,
humidity)
» Duration of the passage
» Current path in the body
Risks of electrical choc
High intensity : directs effects» Burning» Ventricular fibrillation
Low intensity : involuntary reaction» Downfall » Injury » Etc.…
Risks of electrical choc
Direct contact in normal condition» Parts at hazardous voltage
Insulation failure; in fault condition
» Rupture of the electric envelope» Contact current
Risks of electrical choc
Short-circuit between high current energy source connectors
» Arcing» Emission of molten metal» Burning
Possible risks with low voltage circuits» Battery
Risks of electrical choc
Excessive heating» In normal use» In single fault situation
• Overload, • Insulation failure
Ignition, fire» Releasing of connection» Inflammation of liquid
Thermal and fire risks
Instability» On inclined plane » In full deployment situation
Sharp edges and corners
Moving parts
Projection of particles» Implosion of cathode ray tube (CRT)» Explosion of battery
Mechanical risks
Radiations
Lasers and LED
Sound frequencies
Radio frequencies
Radiations risks
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
SAFETY GENERAL PRINCIPLES
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Safety integration
Remove or lower the risk at the design phase
Protect
for risks which cannot be removed at the design phase
Inform the user about the residual risksMarking/Training
Goal: cancel all risk during the foreseeable life time of the apparatus : transportation, installation, usage, shutdown and disposal
Design principle
Avoid risks in normal operation conditions but also:
In fault condition In foreseeable unexpected usage Under external environmental
influences (temperature, humidity, altitude, pollution, overvoltage etc…)
Design principle
Design principle
Choose material and components in such a way that they can:
Operate without being hazard source, during the apparatus life time
Be compatible with the other components Operate correctly in their ratings Avoid hazard in single fault condition
Implementation (against electrical choc)
Identify type of circuits in the apparatus (Primary, Secondary, Low voltage, Extra-low voltage, Safety Extra low voltage, current limited , Telecommunication network voltage, cable distribution of antenna signal).
Determine insulation between: - circuits taken by pairs,
- each circuit and accessible part
(basic, supplementary, double, reinforced)
Verify conformity to standard requirements (creepage distance, clearance,
solid insulation, dielectric strength )
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
TERMINOLGY
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Mains» power source with voltage > 35 V (peak) a.c. or
d.c.
Rated voltage; rated current consumption; rated power consumption; rated frequency;
» Values in normal operating condition
» Expected to be marked on the apparatus
» As an alternative, rated current consumption and
rated power consumption may be given in the
instruction manual.
» “/” for user selectable ratings (120/240 V)
» “-” for rating range (120-240 V)
Tolerance = +10%, -10%
Electrical rating
Class I» Basic insulation + earth connection of conductive
accessible parts
Class II » Double insulation or reinforced insulation
Class III: Not defined in IEC 60065 Defined in IEC 60950-1 and CEI 62368-1
» Apparatus supplied by a SELV circuit or Energy
Source class 1 (ES1)
and
» No internal hazardous voltage or Energy Source
class 3 (ES3)
Electrical classification
Direct connection to the mains
Conductive connection to the mains
Permanently connected apparatus » Needs a tool
» Cannot be loosened by hand
Remote power feeding » supply of power to apparatus via a
cable network (e.g.: Telecommunication)
Apparatus≥ 0,7 mA
Mains 2000 Ω
Apparatus≥ 9 AMains fuse
Connection to the mains
Pluggable equipment Type A » connection to a mains supply via a non-industrial
plug and socket-outlet or a non-industrial appliance coupler, or both
Pluggable equipment Type B » connection to a mains supply via a industrial plug
and socket-outlet or an appliance coupler, or both, complying with IEC 60309
Protective earthing terminal» TERMINAL to which parts are connected and which
is required to be connected to earth for safety reasons
Connection to the mains
Enclosure » housing affording the type and degree of protection
suitable for the intended application
Enclosure
Safeguard against the spread of fire from inside tooutside of the product
Safeguard against mechanically-caused injury
Safeguard against electrically-caused injury
Minimize the spread of fire or flames from within
Reduce the risk of injury due to mechanical and otherphysical hazards
Limit access to parts that may be at hazardous voltage orHazardous energy level
Fire enclosure
Mechanical enclosure
Electrical enclosure
The enclosure may be only for one protection
The same enclosure can provide all the three protections.
Decorative enclosure » Is outside the mechanical enclosure of the
apparatus
» Has no safeguard function
Enclosure
Noise signal » random signal having normal probability
distribution of instantaneous values.
Pink noise » Energy per unit bandwidth inverse, proportional to
frequency
Rated load impedance» Output circuit load specified by the
manufacturer (4 Ω, 2x8 Ω, 32 Ω etc..)
Signals, sources and loads
Source transducer» Convert the energy of a non electrical signal to
electrical energy
Load transducer » convert the energy of an electrical signal into
another form of energy
Non-clipped output power» 1000 Hz sine-wave power dissipated at the onset
of clipping on either one, or both peaks.
Signals, sources and loads
Pollution degree 1 » No pollution or dry pollution, non-conductive,
Pollution degree 2 » Normal, non-conductive, possibility of temporary
conductivity due to condensation
Pollution degree 3 » Conductive pollution area, or non-conductive
pollution which could become conductive due
» to expected condensation
Pollution degree
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
TYPE OF CIRCUITS
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Primary Secondary Hazardous live voltage Hazardous energy Low Voltage
Extra Low Voltage Safety Extra Low Voltage
Limited current Telecommunication network Cable distribution network
Type of circuits
Primary circuit: conductively connected to the mains; may content the following components:
» Cables
» Primary winding of transformer
» Filters components (mainly for EMC reasons)
» Motors
» Relay
» Fan
» Fuse
» Etc.…
Secondary circuit: not conductively connected to the mains
» Separated from primary circuit
» Supplied by isolation means: transformer,
converter etc…
Type of circuits
Hazardous live voltage» > 35 V peak or 60 V d.c.
» > 120 V rms for professional audio apparatus signal
» > 71 V rms. for non professional audio apparatus signal
Hazardous energy» Stored charge > 45 µC for charging voltage U:
60 V < U ≤ 15kV peak or d.c.
» For charging voltage U > 15 kV peak or d.c., then
discharged energy > 350 mJ
Extra Low Voltage (ELV)» ≤ 35 V peak or ≤ 60 V d.c. in normal condition
» Hazardous voltage in single fault condition
Type of circuits
Safety Extra Low Voltage (SELV)» ≤ 35 V peak or ≤ 60 V d.c. in normal condition
» ≤ 70 V peak or ≤ 120 V d.c. in single fault
condition
» Separated from hazardous voltage by 3 methods• M1: double insulation or reinforced insulation
• M2: basic insulation with screen connected to the earth
• M3: basic insulation with secondary circuit connected
to the earth
» Separated from TNV2 and TNV3 circuit
by basic insulation
Type of circuits
Current limited circuits: by construction, the current never become dangerous, regardless the voltage level.
» IEC 60065: current (using measuring network), between any part of the circuit and accessible part (Touch
Current)
» IEC 60950-1: current (measured through non inductive
2000 Ohms load or using measuring network) between: any two parts of the circuit, any part of the circuit and earth any part of the circuit and accessible part
Type of circuits
Current limited circuits: measuring network
Current limits and measured values in normal conditions
0,7 mA peak for sinusoidal or mixed signals U2 = 0,35 V peak a.c.
2 mA d.c. U1 = 1 V d.c.
70 mA peak for frequency >100kHz U1 = 35 V peak a.c.
! Under tropical climate, current limits
are multiplied by 2
Type of circuits
Current limited circuits measuring network
Current limits and measured values under single fault
2,8 mA peak for sinusoidal or mixed signals U2 = 1,4 V peak a.c.
8 mA d.c. U1 = 4 V d.c.
140 mA peak for frequency >100kHz U1 = 70 V peak a.c.
Type of circuits
Leakage current: equivalent to « Touch Current » in the protective earthing connection
Type of circuits
Telecommunication network» Metallic wire ended transmission means for
communication between two apparatus
» May be submitted to atmospheric overvoltage
Telecommunication Network Voltage circuit (TNV)» Located inside the apparatus
» Not conductively connected to the mains
» Has limited accessible surface
» Voltage level limited in normal and in single fault
conditions
» 4 types: TNV0, TNV1, TNV2 et TNV3
Type of circuits
TNV0 and TNV1 limits same SELVSELV < (TNV2 and or TNV3) < TNV limits
TNV limits
Type of circuits
Summary table for TNV circuits
Type of circuits
PABXdigital
TNV-0
PABXAnalogic interface
TNV-2
TNV-1TNV-3 TNV-3
Type of circuits
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
GRADE OF INSULATION
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Insulation» Conceptual separation between two circuits or
between a circuit and an accessible part. » Basic, supplementary, double or reinforced (electrical
choc protection).» Functional
Special case of functional insulation » Not provides protection against electrical choc
» Can be used to lower ignition risk (between SELV
and protective Earth)
» Can be used for EMC reasons (Electro-Magnetic
Compatibility )
Grade of insulation
Insulation
FBSDR
E (earth)
Level of protection
011221
Grade of insulation
PRINCIPLE: always 2 levels of protection
=
Bas
ic
+ S
up
ple
men
tary
=
Bas
ic
+ E
arth
co
nn
ecti
on
=
Do
ub
le
=
Rei
nfo
rced
Su
itab
le
pro
tect
ion
ag
ain
st e
lect
rica
l ch
oc
Grade of insulation
Outlet Data output connector: RS232...
Mai
ns c
onne
ctio
n
Prim
ary
SELV
Hazardous voltage
TNV
SELV
Tele
com
mun
icat
ion
lines
Current limited
D
R
B
B
B
B ou S
S/R
F
Metallic enclosure connected to earth
Example
Grade of insulation
+ 5 V
12
0 V
a.c
.
1000 V d.c; 1 mA
+ 18 V
85 V
Exercise (To find circuit type and insulation grade)
Co
nn
ecti
on
to
th
e m
ain
s
Metallic enclosure
Grade of insulation
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
QUANTIFICATION OF THE INSULATION
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Quantification of the insulation Creepage distance (CR)» Shortest distance between two conductive parts,
measured on the surface of the insulating material
Clearance (CL)» Shortest distance between two conductive parts,
measured in the air
See Annex E of IEC 60065:2011 for all possible situations
Distance through the isolation» Thickness of solid insulation
Insulation resistance » Measurement on any insulation type
Dielectric strength» On any insulation type
» On thin sheet materials
» May be required in addition to CR and CL.
» On any insulation as validation test after
environmental treatment (heating, cooling,
humidity, vibration, choc etc…)
Quantification of the insulation
Creepage distance
Tables 8, 9, 10 et 12
» Supply voltage» Pollution degree» Grade of insulation» Working voltage» Overvoltage category» Material group and
comparative tracking index
Clearance: Tables 11 et 12
» Supply voltage » Pollution degree» Grade of insulation» Overvoltage category» Working voltage
Factors influencing InsulationMeasurement
Distance through insulation: §8.8» Grade of insulation
Insulation resistance: Table 5» Grade of insulation
Dielectric strength: Table 5» Supply voltage » Working voltage» Grade of insulation
Factors influencing InsulationMeasurement
Working voltage: Maximum voltage value between 2 circuits separated by an insulation (expressed in rms, peak or d.c.)
» Value including non-periodic superimposed pulses with a half-value time longer than 50 ns
» Unearthed accessible conductive parts shall be assumed to be connected to an earth terminal
» Floating circuit assumed to be connected to an earth terminal at the point which results in the highest working voltage being obtained;
» Double insulation: short-circuit across on of the insulation when measuring the second one and vice versa.
Factors influencing InsulationMeasurement
Working voltage:
» Between two transformer windings:
TS = highest voltage between any two ends of the windings
» Between transformer winding and other parts of the apparatus:
TS = highest voltage between any end of the winding and the other part
Factors influencing insulationMeasurement
Overvoltage category: Define the level of overvoltage on the mains according to 4 identified areas
IV: Outdoor power lines and cables
III: Building installation
II: Equipments, apparatus
I: parts of apparatus connected to secondary circuitIV III II I
Factors influencing insulationMeasurement
Table from IEC 60950-1
Factors influencing insulationMeasurement
Material group: characterisation of resistance against spread of arching on insulation material surface
» CTI = Comparative Tracking Index » 4 groups
I 600 ≤ CTI II 400 ≤ CTI < 600 IIIa 175 ≤ CTI< 400 IIIb 100 ≤ CTI < 175
» If CTI not known, group IIIb is used.
Factors influencing InsulationMeasurement
Thin sheet material : no insulation thickness required if:
» Basic and supplementary insulation 2 layers of sheet material, each withstand the
dielectric strength test 3 layers of sheet material with any 2 by 2
combination withstand the dielectric strength test
» Reinforced insulation 2 layers of sheet material withstand the
dielectric strength test 3 layers of sheet material with any 2 by 2
combination withstand the dielectric strength test
Insulation : special cases
Thin sheet material :
Dielectric strength test instrument
Insulation : special cases
Printed board » CR and CL between 2 conductors, one may be
conductively connected to the mains : Figure 10
d
d
lacquer = ignored
» type B coated printed board (type 2) shall comply with the requirements of IEC 60664-3
insulation : special cases
Jointed insulation» Uncemented joints: normal CR et CL» Cemented joints : no CR et CL; but
3 samples submitted to 10 times the following thermal cycling test
• 68 h at (X ± 2)°C• 1 h at (25 ± 2)°C• 2 h at (0 ± 2)°C• 1 h at (25 ± 2)°C
1 sample submitted to dielectric strength with test level x 1,6 and after humidity treatment
2 samples submitted to dielectric strength with test level x 1,6 without humidity treatment
No insulation breakdown
X= (Max temperature max during heating test + 10K), with minimum 85°C
insulation : special cases
Enclosed and sealed parts (§13.7)
»Not directly connected to the mains»CR and CL in Table 12
3 samples submitted to 10 times thermal cycling test• 68 h at (X ± 2)°C• 1 h at (25 ± 2)°C• 2 h at (0 ± 2)°C• 1 h at (25 ± 2)°C
X= (Max temperature max during heating test + 10K), with minimum 85°C
Dielectric strength test No failure allowed.
insulation : special cases
Enclosed, filled and sealed parts (§13.8)
Insulating compound fills all internal void spaces
» No CR and CL; but» 3 samples submitted to 10 times thermal cycling
test as above.
» Dielectric strength test» After test, visual verification:
no cracks in the encapsulating, impregnating or other material,
coatings not loosened or shrunk no significant voids in the material after
sectioning the component
insulation : special cases
Insulation resistance» Measured with 500 V d.c.
Dielectric strength» Direct current voltage or alternative current
voltage at mains frequency» The measurement equipment shall be able to
source 200mA when its output is short-circuited» Internal overcurrent limited to 100 mA during test» Application of half of the maximum test voltage,
increase quickly the voltage level to the maximum value and maintain it for 1 minute.
Insulation resistance , Dielectric strength
Insulation resistance , Dielectric strength
Insulation resistance , Dielectric strength
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
HEATING
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Test conditions» Maximum load configuration» Apparatus positioned in accordance with the
instructions for use» If position not specified, 5 cm behind the front
edge of an open-fronted wooden test box with 1 cm free space along the sides and top and 5 cm depth behind the apparatus
» Apparatus supplied at maximum ranges of rated supply voltages with tolerance values added
» Measurement after thermal stability (in general after 4 hours of operating)
» Test environment air shall be quiet and not ventilated
Heating
Measurement method
» By thermocouples (refer to IECEE document reference CTL-OP 108)
» By resistor variation Motor Transformer Inductance Not used for switching mode power supply
transformer
Heating
Permissible temperature rise: tableau 3
Maximum values in single fault conditionPermissible value can be exceeded in the following situations:
» Short-circuit of insulation which withstand dielectric strength test
» Short-circuit or disconnection of a component in conformity of requirements of the standard clause 14
Heating
Maximum values in single fault condition
Permissible value can be exceeded in the following situation:
» operation of replaceable or resettable protective
devices
t
Heating test Heating test Heating testt
1 min
Measurement of dielectric strength
Heating
2 min
°C
Permissible Temperature rise
Heating test
HeatingMaximum values in single fault condition
Permissible values can be exceeded:» on printed circuit board: by 100K for 5min » for class V-0 printed circuit board on one or more
small surfaces with total value no more than 2 mm2 in case of no electrical choc.
Conductors can be interrupted, peeled or loosened during the test providing that:
» The printed board is classified V-0» The interruption is not a potential fire source» CL and Cr are not reduced» Protective earthing connection
is maintained
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
RESISTANCE TO FIRE
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Resistance to fireObjective: Prevent» Ignition (Potential ignition source : V > 50 V d.c. or peak and
P > 15 VA)
» Spread of fire
Solutions» Good design practice in order to prevent potential
ignition sources Thermal cut-out Electronic circuit for protection (IC current
limiter)» Choice of appropriate components
Flammability categories as per IEC 60695-11-10 Their position in the apparatus
» Implementation of fire enclosure
Flammability categories
» From HB, outer decorative part, to 5V metallic enclosure
» Wood and wood-based material of thickness > 6 mm === V-1
Resistance to fire
HB V-2 V-1 V-0 5V
No Flammability class required
Ventilation opening < 1 mm
Envelop > V-0
- components - Metallic parts < 4g
Capacitors volume < 1750 mm3
Printed board V-1
Small electrical components
Resistance to fire
Resistance to fire
Resistance to fire
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
FAULT CONDITIONS
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Fault conditions
Implementation conditions
» Apparatus in normal working situation
» Only one single fault each time
» Multiple faults can result from the applied
single fault
» Possibility of non operation of the apparatus
after the fault test
Which fault to simulate?» Open and short-circuit» Overload of the output of linear or switch mode power
supply transformer» Continuous dissipation of apparatus designed for non-
continuous dissipation» Excessive dissipation of integrated circuit» Isolation breakdown between primary circuit and any
accessible parts: conductive accessible parts earthed metallic screen SELV Limited current circuit
Fault conditions
Which fault to simulate?» Unexpected impedance value loaded on power output
terminal» Short-circuit of protection components (thermostats,
temperature limiter) or of component bridging these protections if the apparatus is used without surveillance
» Opening of component in regulation circuit loop» Overload of motors (blocked rotor)» neutralisation des timers» simulation of cooling liquid leakage
Fault conditions
Evaluation during fault conditions» No excessive heating
» No hazardous voltage or energy on accessible parts
» No loosening of protective earth connection
» Moving parts shall not become dangerous
» In case of ignition, no spread of fire outside of the
enclosure (flame shall stop in less than 10 s)
Fault conditions
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
TELEVISION RECEIVER
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Surge test (§10.1)
» Between : TERMINALS for the connection of antenna
AND MAINS supply TERMINALS
» Between MAINS supply TERMINALS AND any other TERMINAL of apparatus providing supply
to antenna apparatus» 50 discharges at a maximum rate of 12/min, from a
capacitor of 1 nF charged to 10 kV (tested apparatus is not supplied)
» Expected result: dielectric strength test OK
Particular tests
Surge test (§10.1)
Test circuit
Particular tests
Surge test (§10.1)
Example of switch S
Particular tests
Antenna coaxial sockets (§12.5)
» 3 tests in the following order: Endurance: 100 insertion and withdrawal Impact: 3 spring-operated hammer impact of 0,5 J Torque: 10 times 50 N force applied during 10 s
» Followed by a dielectric strength test» No damage in the sense of this standard:
No access to hazardous voltage No damage to any isolation
Particular tests
Antenna coaxial sockets
Particular tests
Test plug for endurance test and its dimensions
Mechanical strength of picture tubes(§18)
» Protective film required if maximum face dimension > 16 cm
» Intrinsically protected tubes: IEC 61965 tested» No Intrinsically protected tubes : implosion test
Scratch on the side or on the face of the tube Repeatedly cooling with liquid nitrogen (-273°C + 77
K = -196 °C) up to fracture
» Expected result: No particle exceeding 2 g shall have passed a 25
cm high barrier, placed 50 cm from the tube No particle, regardless its size, shall have
passed a similar barrier at 2 m.
Particular tests
Particular tests
Mechanical strength of glass (§19.5)
» Excluded: picture tubes; laminated glass with surface area > 0,1 m2 or major dimension > 450
mm» Test: 3 shocks of 0,5 J using impact hammer» If the glass breaks or cracks: fragmentation test §19.5.1
» Expected result: number of particles counted in a square of 50 mm >
45 or no loose of particles in the square (particles are
kept together)
Equipments list
Equipments list
Equipments list
Equipments list
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
PHILOSOPHY OF IEC 62368-1
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI
Three block model for pain and injury
Energy source
Energy transfer
Body part
1- Pain, injury or property damage occurs during transfer of energy from an energy source to a body part or to property
2- Safety = interposition of safeguard in order to reduce the likelihood of the transfer of the energy and/or the hazard level
PRINCIPLE
Safety as per IEC 62368-1
Safety as per IEC 62368-1
Energy source Safeguard Body
Energy source Safeguard
Fuel material
Three blocks model for safety
Models for protection against fire
Energy source SafeguardFuel
material
Equipment safeguard» basic» supplementary» double» reinforced
Installation safeguard» supplementary
• Specified by the manufacturer• Implementation not controlled by the manufacturer
Personal safeguard » basic» supplementary» reinforced
IEC 62368-1: the safeguards
Instructional safeguards» basic» supplementary» reinforced
Precautionary safeguard» for class 2 Energy Source » provided by skilled person to instructed
person• training• experiences• supervision
Skilled safeguards » for class 2 and class 3 Energy Source» supplementary» related to skilled person
IEC 62368-1: the safeguards
Identify and classify the Energy Source for each type of hazard (SE1, SE2, SE3).
Require the appropriate Protection for each Energy Source (basic, supplementary, double , reinforced)
Verify conformity to standard requirement
IEC 62368-1: implementation
IEC SYSTEM OF CONFORMITY ASSESSMENT
SCHEMES FOR ELECTROTECHNICAL
EQUIPMENT AND COMPONENTS
Thank you
Jean LANZOCertification Officer
AFSEC26/27-08-2013NAIROBI