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Abstract— This paper presents the architecture and the content

available in the Smart Grid Information Clearinghouse (SGIC) web portal. Emphasis is placed on providing an overview of the on-going smart grid projects and the deployment experience derived from project implementation. Information about smart grid projects worldwide is presented by their geographic locations and project categories. Examples of deployment experience information on the SGIC web portal are discussed. Available deployment experience information is related to use cases, lessons learned, cost-benefit analyses and business cases. Then, this paper presents opportunities for contributing smart grid related content via the SGIC online content submission platform.

Index Terms—Smart Grid, Smart Grid Information Clearinghouse (SGIC), smart grid projects, and deployment experience.

I. INTRODUCTION UPPORTED by the U.S. Department of Energy, the

Smart Grid Information Clearinghouse (SGIC) web portal (www.sgiclearinghouse.org) was officially launched to the

public in September 2010. The Clearinghouse web portal is intended to serve as the first stop-shop for any and all information related to the smart grid information where relevant materials are collected, reviewed, catalogued, and hosted for online dissemination. The Clearinghouse web portal is developed, managed and maintained by the Virginia Tech – Advanced Research Institute (www.ari.vt.edu) in Arlington, VA with assistance from the IEEE Power and Energy Society and EnerNex Corporation.

There are various types of content available on the SGIC web portal. This content includes, for example, background information on smart grid, smart grid technologies, technical standards, legislation and regulation, smart grid projects and deployment experience. The architecture of the Clearinghouse web portal [1] is designed such that the relevant smart-grid related content is logically grouped by their associated content category. Therefore, the Clearinghouse allows interested users to conveniently browse, sort and search for available smart grid related materials.

This work was supported in part by the U.S. Department of Energy under

contract number DE-OE0000031. S. Rahman is the Joseph Long Professor and director of Virginia Tech –

Advanced Research Institute, Arlington, VA 22203 USA (e-mail: srahman@vt.edu).

M. Pipattanasomporn is with Virginia Tech – Advanced Research Institute, Arlington, VA 22203 USA (e-mail: mpipatta@vt.edu).

978-1-4577-1801-4/11/$26.00 ©2011 IEEE

This paper is organized as follows. Section II describes the

Clearinghouse’s content and its organization. Section III provides an overview of smart grid projects worldwide. Section IV discusses available information related to the deployment experience, including use cases, lessons learned, cost-benefit analyses and business cases on the Clearinghouse web portal. Finally, section V presents the Clearinghouse’s content submission platform that allows a visitor to contribute relevant smart grid information to the SGIC library.

II. CONTENT AND ITS ORGANIZATION

A. Clearinghouse’s Content

The SGIC team has identified the top-ten content categories that are believed to have high contribution and can deliver benefits to the smart grid communities. This identification process was carried out through a series of discussions among the representatives from various smart grid stakeholders. These representatives came from research organizations, equipment manufacturers, professional and trade associations, universities, consumer advocates, utilities/ISOs/RTOs, service providers, standards development organizations, regulators, federal/state legislators, environmental groups and end users. ISO stands for independent system operator and RTO stands for regional transmission operator.

The identified top-ten content categories are: 1) Smart Grid 101 2) Technologies 3) Standards 4) Cyber security 5) Legislation and regulation 6) Education and training 7) Smart grid projects 8) Deployment experience 9) International information

10) Additional resources

B. Clearinghouse’s Content Organization

The Clearinghouse’s content organization and its site map were created based on the above top-ten list. This information is summarized in Table I. The idea is to allow interested users to explore the smart grid-related content according to the users’ levels of interest, and the levels of content complexity.

Smart Grid Information Clearinghouse: Overview of Projects and Deployment Experience

Saifur Rahman, Fellow, IEEE, and Manisa Pipattanasomporn, Member, IEEE

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TABLE I. SGIC CONTENT ORGANIZATION

As shown in Table I, the presentation of SGIC content starts from the landing page, smart grid 101, smart grid project, deployment experience, in-depth information to international information. The profundity of the content increases as it progresses from left to right.

The first two sections (the landing page and the smart grid 101) are designed to explain and disseminate the smart grid related information to the general public in layman’s terms. The ‘SGIC Landing Page’ contains RSS feeds of smart grid stories, events calendar, frequently asked questions (FAQ), and a link to the Contact Us page. The SGIC content submission platform can also be accessed from the landing page. The ‘Smart Grid 101’ page aims at providing an overview of the smart grid, and frequently used smart grid acronyms and definitions. It is designed for the beginners who would like to learn more about the smart grid, how it works, and its characteristics through understandable reading materials and videos. It hosts the resource library that brings together smart grid-related documents and multimedia published by various stakeholders. As of June 2011, the portal has upwards of 1,000 smart grid-related materials including audios, slide presentations and video files. A summary of the NIST smart grid conceptual model [2] is available here to give the big picture of the smart grid. The 101 page also provides links to consumer awareness programs offered by the U.S. federal/state/local governments, and the private sector.

Then, the ‘Smart Grid Project’ page presents database of smart grid projects in the United States. The SGIC project page archives information about smart grid projects in the U.S., including the project lead organizations, locations and a short synopsis. It is a good starting point to learn more about both government-funded projects and those sponsored by the private sector.

The ‘deployment experience’ page hosts more in-depth information. They are designed for those who would like to gain access to information about use cases, lessons learned, cost-benefit analyses and business cases from the implementation of various smart grid projects. These are practical information pioneered by many utilities. Such information can be used as examples for implementing future smart grid projects. For example, utilities and decision makers can refer to the available cost-benefit analyses to create business cases for their smart grid investment.

The ‘in-depth information’ page presents the necessary building blocks that support smart grid implementation, which

include cyber security and privacy issues, education, training and awareness, legislation and regulation, standards and technologies used for smart grid deployment. It is designed to offer a comprehensive understanding of the smart grid concept for those who have technical know-how.

Then, the last section, the ‘International information’ page presents the database of smart grid projects outside the United States. This page is designed to provide information about smart grid projects implemented in Africa, the Americas, Asia, Europe and Oceania.

III. SMART GRID PROJECTS

A. Smart Grid Projects in the United States

The SGIC’s smart grid project page archives both government-funded smart grid projects and those sponsored by the private sector. As of June 2011, there are 202 smart grid projects reported in the SGIC database, spreading across the United States, as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Map view of smart grid projects. Out of the total of 202 projects, California and Texas are the

top two states with the highest number of smart grid projects at 19 and 18 projects, respectively. This is followed by Massachusetts (11 projects), Florida (10 projects), New York (8 projects), Colorado (7 projects), and Indiana (7 projects).

Landing Page Smart Grid 101 Projects* Deployment Experience*

In-depth Information International Information*

- Smart Grid stories - Events Calendar - FAQ - Contact Us - Content Submission

- Smart Grid 101 * - Acronyms - Smart Grid Resources * - NIST Smart Grid Conceptual Model - Consumer Awareness Programs

- Map - Projects - Funding Opportunity Announcements (FOA)

- Use cases - Lessons learned - Cost-benefit analyses - Business Cases - Performance Data

- Cyber security * - Education * - Legislation, Regulation * - Standards * - Technologies * - Demand Response

- Map - Africa - Americas - Asia - Europe - Oceania

* indicate the top-ten content categories identified in Section II (A).

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Table II summarizes the distribution of smart grid projects by state as of June 2011.

TABLE II. DISTRIBUTION OF SMART GRID PROJECTS BY STATE (JUNE 2011)

State No of Projects

State No of Projects

Alabama 1 Montana - Alaska - Nebraska 2 Arizona 4 Nevada 2 Arkansas 1 New Hampshire 2 California 19 New Jersey 2 Colorado 7 New Mexico 3 Connecticut 4 New York 8 Delaware 1 North Carolina 6 District of Columbia 1 North Dakota - Florida 10 Ohio 6 Georgia 5 Oklahoma 2 Hawaii 3 Oregon 3 Idaho 2 Pennsylvania 5 Illinois 3 Rhode Island - Indiana 7 South Carolina - Iowa 2 South Dakota 2 Kansas 2 Tennessee 5 Kentucky 2 Texas 18 Louisiana 6 Utah 2 Maine 2 Vermont 3 Maryland 2 Virginia 5 Massachusetts 11 Washington 5 Michigan 4 West Virginia 1 Minnesota 4 Wisconsin 7 Mississippi 2 Wyoming 2 Missouri 5 U.S. Territories 1

All project entries are classified by project categories as defined by the U.S. Department of Energy. These project categories are: advanced metering infrastructure (AMI), customer systems, distribution systems, equipment manufacturing, integrated systems, transmission systems, regional demonstration, and storage demonstration.

Table III summarizes the distribution of smart grid projects by project category as of June 2011. Out of the 202 projects, AMI projects constitute about 40% (81 projects) of all projects in the United States.

TABLE III. DISTRIBUTION OF SMART GRID PROJECTS BY PROJECT CATEGORY

(JUNE 2011)

Project category No of projects Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI) 81 Customer Systems (CS) 8 Distribution Systems (DS) 15 Equipment Manufacturing (EM) 2 Integrated/Crosscutting systems (IS) 54 Transmission Systems (TS) 10 Regional Demonstration 16 Storage Demonstration 16

Project categories are defined as follows: • Advanced Metering Infrastructure (AMI): Projects in this

category aim at the installation of smart meters to allow the use of real-time pricing, demand response, load

management, remote connect/disconnect, outage detection and tamper detection.

• Customer systems (CS): Projects in this category aim at enabling smart grid functions to equipment and/or software applications at the customer level.

• Distribution Systems (DS): Projects in this topic area aim at adding smart grid functions to devices, equipment, and/or software applications in electric distribution systems.

• Equipment Manufacturing (EM): Projects in this topic area aim at the production of smart grid equipment, software, or communications and control systems that can enable smart grid functions.

• Integrated/Crosscutting Systems (IS): Projects in this topic area aim at adding smart grid functions to multiple portions of the electric system, covering more than one topic areas (either AMI, DS, TS, CS, or EM).

• Transmission Systems (TS): Projects in this topic area aim at adding smart grid functions to devices, equipment, and/or software applications in electric transmission systems.

• Regional Demonstration: Projects in this topic area aim at demonstrating smart grid at a regional level.

• Storage Demonstration: Projects in this topic area aim at demonstrating grid-scale energy storage systems.

To obtain smart grid project information in the United States, a visitor to the SGIC web portal can access the project page at http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ProjectMap. A visitor can filter and browse available smart grid projects by state and project category. Results are shown in a map-view or a list-view format that display project titles, lead organizations and locations. A short summary of each project, together with the project contact information and the project URL, if available, are also provided.

B. Smart Grid Projects outside the United States The SGIC international information page archives smart

grid projects worldwide. Fig. 2 illustrates the locations of smart grid projects worldwide.

Fig. 2. Map view of international smart grid projects.

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As of June 2011, information of 59 smart grid projects worldwide, excluding the United States, is available in the SGIC database. These include 1 project in Africa; 2 projects in Americas, 8 projects in Asia, 31 projects in Europe, and 17 projects in Oceania. Table IV summarizes the distribution of smart grid projects by continent as of June 2011. Outside the United States, Europe hosts the highest number of smart grid projects. This is followed by Oceania and Asia.

TABLE IV. DISTRIBUTION OF SMART GRID PROJECTS BY CONTINENT

(JUNE 2011)

Continent No of projects Africa 1 Americas (excluding the U.S.) 2 Asia 8 Europe 31 Oceania 17

To access the international project information, a visitor to the SGIC web portal can retrieve the international project page at http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/InternationalMap. Available international project information can be filtered and browsed by continent and project category. Continents are Africa, Americas (excluding the U.S.), Asia, Europe and Oceania. Project categories are AMI, customer systems, distribution systems, equipment manufacturing, integrated systems, and transmission systems. Results are presented in a map-view or a list-view format that display project titles, lead organizations and countries. Similar to the U.S. project page, a short summary of each project, together with the project contact information and the project URL, if available, are also provided.

IV. DEPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE The deployment experience is captured under the following

topics in the SGIC web portal: use cases, lesson learned, cost-benefit analyses, and business cases. Table V summarizes the deployment experience available in the SGIC web portal by category as of June 2011.

TABLE V. DEPLOYMENT EXPERIENCE BY CATEGORY (JUNE 2011)

Deployment experience category No of documents Use cases 208 Lessons learned 103 Cost-benefit analysis 129 Business cases 37

A. Use Cases

Use cases are descriptions of smart grid applications that define the important actors, systems and technologies, and their requirements that are a part of the smart grid applications. Use cases are in general developed by electric utilities and Independent System Operators (ISO) that deploy smart grid technologies. They result from identification of necessary functionality and vendor product requirements. For example, the use cases for AMI projects can place particular emphasis on how the advanced metering system will be used when deployed in a smart grid project.

As a result of many pilot projects and smart grid technology implementation in the United States, there are a number of use cases reported in the SGIC web portal (208 use cases as of June 2011). Majority of the use cases are from EPRI IntelliGrid, Southern California Edison (SCE) and California Independent System Operator (CAISO). The EPRI IntelliGrid’s use cases are derived from its smart grid demonstration initiative, as well as those developed within the industry. SCE and CAISO developed their own use cases, based on the experience from their smart grid implementation. While use cases from SCE are pertaining to electricity delivery at the transmission, distribution and customer levels, use cases from CAISO focus at the generation and transmission levels.

The 208 use cases available in the SGIC library are categorized by smart grid domain [2], which includes generation, transmission, distribution, customer, operations, markets and service provider. Table VI summarizes available use cases in the SGIC library by smart grid domain. Note that a use case can be associated with more than one domain.

TABLE VI. AVAILABLE USE CASES CATEGORIZED BY SMART GRID DOMAIN

(JUNE 2011)

Smart grid domain No of use cases Generation 3 Transmission 58 Distribution 69 Customer 80 Operations 163 Markets 50 Service provider 41

Examples of use cases in the ‘generation’ domain can be

related to the methods to perform generation dispatch with energy storage to balance renewable variability [3]. Use cases in the ‘transmission’ domain include, for example, the use of synchrophasor for grid operations [4], the use of FACTS devices to maintain system stability [5] and the use of adaptive transmission line protection [6]. Use cases in the ‘distribution’ domain may include the use of AMI to locate outages and restore electricity at the distribution level [7, 8], and the use of advanced distribution automation with distributed energy resources [9].

The applications of smart appliances [10], energy management system and/or in-home display [11], as well as the connection of plug-in electric vehicle [12] at the customer level are examples of use cases in the ‘customer’ domain. Use cases in the ‘operations’ domain are related to, for example, customer communications portal management [13], the methods to transport data in an AMI network [14], and those related to device communications and system security [15]. Examples of use cases in the ‘markets’ domain include billing and settlement requirements [16], and procurement of energy and wholesale settlement transactions [17, 18]. Use cases in the ‘service provider’ domain include, for example, contract for meter reading [19], and the use of AMI to interact with devices at customer site by external clients [20].

The available use cases in the SGIC library can be retrieved via the use case page at http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ UseCases. Use cases can be filtered and browsed by smart grid domain and year. Results are shown in a list-view format that

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displays use case titles, information sources and year published. The abstract of each use case, together with the link to its original use case repository, are provided. Full use case documents are available for download.

B. Lessons Learned

Lessons learned-related documents are collected from various utilities to provide information on field experience. This information includes best practices and faults and fixes that can provide experience, guidelines, and pointers from past and present deployment of smart grid technologies.

As of June 2011, the SGIC web portal has 103 lessons learned-related documents. Majority of the lesson learned-related documents available in the SGIC library report results from various demand response 1 pilots (enabled by AMI). Examples of available lesson learned documents from the SGIC library include the critical peak pricing and real-time pricing offered by the PowerCentsDC program [21], the time-of-use pilot offered by the Sacramento Municipal Utility District under the PowerChoice label [22], the PG&E SmartAC program [23], the energy smart thermostat program by SCE [24], and the smart thermostat program impact evaluation at San Diego Gas & Electric (SDG&E) [25].

The available lesson learned-related documents in the SGIC library can be accessed via the lessons learned page available at http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/LessonsLearned. Lesson learned documents can be filtered and browsed by smart grid domain and year. Results are shown in a list-view format that displays document titles, information sources, year published and document types (e.g. report, slide presentation and technical paper). A detailed page for each document entry is also available. A user can retrieve the document title, front cover image, author, year and a brief summary of the document, and information source. Full documents are also available for download by clicking at the download link.

C. Cost-Benefit Analysis

Cost-benefit analysis documents are gathered from various stakeholders. Such analyses provide useful information for utilities and decision makers to create business cases for their smart grid investment. Each cost-benefit analysis is expected to contain metrics that identify cost and benefit components of a particular project.

As of June 2011, the SGIC web portal hosts 129 cost-benefit analysis-related documents. These documents are available in variety of document types, including report, technical paper, docket, slide presentation, magazine article and fact sheet. While some documents focus on estimating the cost of smart meter deployments, others report benefits of implementing demand response and variable electricity tariff rates. The library also contains guideline documents to measure or estimate benefits and costs of smart grid projects. These are, for example, DOE’s guidebook for ARRA smart grid program metrics and benefits [26] and EPRI’s methodological approach

1 According to the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Staff, demand response is defined as “Changes in electric use by demand-side resources from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity, or to incentive payments designed to induce lower electricity use at times of high wholesale market prices or when system reliability is jeopardized.”

for estimating the benefits and costs of smart grid demonstration projects [27].

To access cost-benefit analysis documents, a visitor to the SGIC web portal can access the cost-benefit analysis page available at http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/CostBenefit. A summary of each cost-benefit analysis document is provided, together with the ability to download full documents by clicking at the download link.

D. Business Cases

Business cases combine a variety of current and historical sources to capture the logic behind moving forward on a smart grid project. Business cases provide the justification for supporting a business need. Not all business cases are based on projected profits, this is especially true for developmental, testing, and pilot projects or projects designed to improve customer satisfaction.

As of June 2011, the SGIC web portal hosts 37 business case-related documents in the form of reports, white papers, slide presentations, hearing/testimony and dockets. They are gathered from the federal and state governments, the private sector and several smart grid working groups. Some of the documents discuss guidelines for business case development, for example, MADRI’s guidelines for AMI business case analysis [28], and CPUC’s recommended framework for the business case analysis of AMI [29]. The others include, for example, preliminary analysis of AMI business case by SCE [30, 31], preliminary AMI business case analysis by PG&E [32, 33], and application for adoption of an AMI deployment scenario and associated cost recovery and rate design by SDG&E [34, 35].

The available business case-related documents can be retrieved by visiting the business case page available at http://www. sgiclearinghouse.org/BusinessCases. A summary of each document is provided, together with full documents that are available for download from the SGIC portal.

V. CONTRIBUTING AND SHARING SMART GRID-RELATED CONTENT

To enable the public to contribute smart grid-related materials and share their favorite documents, the SGIC team has developed MySGIC page, the content submission platform, as well as the web portal social networks. These special features are explained in more details below.

A. Registration to Create MySGIC Page

MySGIC page is a unique feature in the Clearinghouse web portal. MySGIC page is automatically created for the visitor who registers for the SGIC web portal. This page allows authenticated users to save their favorite documents and create their own online library of documents. Once a visitor is registered, they will have access to the content submission platform, which is intended for allowing authenticated users to contribute their smart grid-related content.

B. Content Contribution via the Content Submission Platform

The SGIC content submission platform is the highlighted functionality of this SGIC web portal that allows users to contribute their smart grid information to the SGIC library.

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The SGIC content submission platform (URL: http://www. sgiclearinghouse.org/node/add) allows registered users to submit relevant content and automatically notify the SGIC content reviewers for review and approval of the content. As of June 2011, an authenticated user can submit the following smart grid-related content: use cases, product registration, documents and multimedia, consumer awareness program and project information (domestic and international). Once the content is submitted, users can view their content submission history and their submission status (approved or in review) in MySGIC section.

C. Sharing Favorite Content via Web Portal Social Networks

All documents available in the SGIC web portal can be shared through Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, email and others. This feature allows visitors to share their favorite documents to their friends and colleagues.

VI. WEB PORTAL STATISTICS Google Analytics is used to obtain the SGIC web portal

statistics. From the beta launch of the portal on July 7, 2010 to May 31, 2011, there were:

• 256,226 page views • 57,355 visits, coming from 137 countries/territories.

United States 37,429 visits (65.3%) India 2,163 visits (3.8%) Canada 1,998 visits (3.5%) Japan 1,369 visits (2.4%) Germany 1,112 visits (1.9%)

VII. SUMMARY The Smart Grid Information Clearinghouse (SGIC) web

portal is designed to serve as the first stop-shop for smart grid information. It is intended to act as an electronic platform that can deliver comprehensive smart grid content to the public and relevant smart grid stakeholders worldwide. This paper aims at providing an overview of the Clearinghouse web portal, with the emphasis on smart grid projects and deployment experience. The paper also describes how to contribute and share smart grid-related content via the web portal’s content submission platform and social networking tools. Since the launching of the Clearinghouse web portal, numerous positive feedbacks have been received. This level of user engagement demonstrates that the SGIC portal has become an essential gateway that connects smart grid communities to the relevant sources of information currently scattered and distributed on the worldwide web.

VIII. REFERENCES [1] S. Rahman and M. Pipattanasomporn, Smart Grid Information

Clearinghouse: A Content Collection and Knowledge Discovery, Accepted for presentation at the 16th International Conference on Intelligent System Application on Power Systems (ISAP), Crete Greece, September 25-28, 2011.

[2] NIST - Office of the National Coordinator for Smart Grid Interoperability, “NIST Framework and Roadmap for Smart Grid Interoperability Standards”, January 2010.

[3] SCE, Generation Dispatch Utilizes Energy Storage to Balance Renewable Variability, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/1614. Retrieved: May 2011.

[4] CAISO, ISO Uses Synchrophasor Data for Grid Operations, Control, Analysis and Modeling, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgi clearinghouse.org/ node/4434. Retrieved: May 2011.

[5] SCE, Power System Automatically Triggers FACTS Devices using Phasor Data to Maintain System Stability, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ node/1615. Retrieved: May 2011.

[6] EPRI IntelliGrid, Adaptive Transmission Line Protection, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/913. Retrieved: May 2011.

[7] SCE, Distribution Operator Locates Outage using AMI Data and Restores Service, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/1637. Retrieved: May 2011.

[8] SCE, Distribution Operator Locates Outage using AMI Data and Restores Service (Updated), 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgi clearing house.org/node/1606. Retrieved: May 2011.

[9] EPRI IntelliGrid, Advanced Distribution Automation with DER Function, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ node/842. Retrieved: May 2011.

[10] SCE, Customer Uses Smart Appliances, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/1602. Retrieved: May 2011.

[11] SCE, Customer Uses an Energy Management System or In-Home Display, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ node/1603. Retrieved: May 2011.

[12] EPRI IntelliGrid, Customer Connects PEV at Home - Premise, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/846. Retrieved: May 2011.

[13] EPRI IntelliGrid, Customer Communications Portal Management, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/824. Retrieved: May 2011.

[14] EPRI IntelliGrid, AMI Network (Moving Data Elements from the AMI Head-End to Smart Meter & from the Smart Meter to the AMI Head-End) V3.0, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/2649. Retrieved: May 2011.

[15] EPRI IntelliGrid, Customer Communications Portal Management – Security Issues, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse. org/node/2649. Retrieved: May 2011.

[16] EPRI IntelliGrid, Energy Scheduling, Billing and Settlement, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/894. Retrieved: May 2011

[17] SCE, Utility Procures Energy and Settles Wholesale Transactions Using Data from the SmartConnect, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/1639. Retrieved: May 2011.

[18] SCE, Utility Procures Energy and Settles Wholesale Transactions Using Data from the SmartConnect (Updated), 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/1622. Retrieved: May 2011.

[19] SCE, Contract Meter Reading, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/1629. Retrieved: May 2011.

[20] SCE, External Clients Use the AMI to Interact with Devices at Customer Site, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearing house.org/node/1633. Retrieved: May 2011.

[21] PowerCentsDC Program Final Report, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/4457. Retrieved: May 2011.

[22] S. Lutzenhiser, J. Peters, M. Moezzi and J. Woods, Beyond the price effect in time-of-use programs: results from a municipal utility pilot, 2007-2008, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ node/1759. Retrieved: May 2011.

[23] PG&E, Final Report: Pacific Gas and Electric SmartAC Load Impact Evaluation, 2008 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ node/1309. Retrieved: May 2011.

[24] Southern California Edison, Program Impact Evaluation of 2004 SCE Energy Smart Thermostat Program Final Report, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/4458. Retrieved: May 2011.

[25] KEMA, 2005 Smart Thermostat Program Impact Evaluation, 2006 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2406. Retrieved: May 2011.

[26] DOE, Guidebook for ARRA Smart Grid Program Metrics and Benefits, 2009 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/ node/2005. Retrieved: May 2011.

[27] EPRI, Methodological Approach for Estimating the Benefits and Costs of Smart Grid Demonstration Projects, 2010 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/1305. Retrieved: May 2011.

[28] MADRI, Guidelines for AMI Business Case Analysis, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2105. Retrieved: May 2011.

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[29] CPUC, Recommended Framework for the Business Case Analysis of Advanced Metering Infrastructure, 2004 [Online]. Available: http:// www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2104. Retrieved: May 2011.

[30] SCE, Preliminary Analysis of AMI Business Case, 2004 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2101. Retrieved: May 2011.

[31] SCE, Preliminary Analysis of AMI Business Case (Revised), 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2095. Retrieved: May 2011.

[32] PG&E, Preliminary AMI Business Case Analysis, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2100. Retrieved: May 2011.

[33] PG&E, Supplemental Preliminary Business Case Filing, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2096. Retrieved: May 2011.

[34] SDG&E, Application for Adoption of an AMI Deployment Scenario and Associated Cost Recovery and Rate Design, 2005 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2092. Retrieved: May 2011.

[35] SDG&E, Application for Adoption of an AMI Deployment Scenario and Associated Cost Recovery and Rate Design, 2007 [Online]. Available: http://www.sgiclearinghouse.org/node/2091. Retrieved: May 2011.

IX. BIOGRAPHIES Saifur Rahman (S’75, M’78, SM’83, F’98 - IEEE) is the director of the

Advanced Research Institute at Virginia Tech where he is the Joseph Loring Professor of electrical and computer engineering. He also directs the Center for Energy and the Global Environment at the university. In 2011 he is serving as the vice president for New Initiatives and Outreach of the IEEE Power & Energy Society and a member of its Governing Board. He is a member-at-large of the IEEE-USA Energy Policy Committee. Professor Rahman is currently the chair of the US National Science Foundation Advisory Committee for International Science and Engineering. He has served as a program director in engineering at NSF between 1996 and 1999. In 2006 he served as the vice president of the IEEE Publications Board, and a member of the IEEE Board of Governors. He is a distinguished lecturer of IEEE PES, and has published over 300 papers on conventional and renewable energy systems, load forecasting, uncertainty evaluation and infrastructure planning.

Manisa Pipattanasomporn (S'01, M'06 - IEEE) joined Virginia Tech's

Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering as an assistant professor in 2006. She is working on multiple research grants from the U.S. National Science Foundation, the U.S. Department of Defense and the U.S. Department of Energy, on research topics related to smart grid, microgrid, energy efficiency, load control, renewable energy and electric vehicles. She received her Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Virginia Tech in 2004, the M.S. degree in Energy Economics and Planning from Asian Institute of Technology (AIT), Thailand in 2001 and a B.S. degree from the Electrical Engineering Department, Chulalongkorn University, Thailand in 1999. Her research interests include renewable energy systems, energy efficiency, distributed energy resources, and the smart grid.